Separate a reusable Image class from Screen (#834)

Co-authored-by: ArthurSonzogni <sonzogniarthur@gmail.com>

include/ftxui/dom/canvas.hpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>  // for unordered_map
 
 #include "ftxui/screen/color.hpp"   // for Color
-#include "ftxui/screen/screen.hpp"  // for Pixel
+#include "ftxui/screen/image.hpp"   // for Pixel, Image
 
 #ifdef DrawText
 // Workaround for WinUsr.h (via Windows.h) defining macros that break things.
@@ -94,6 +94,12 @@ struct Canvas {
   void DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value);
   void DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value, const Color& color);
   void DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value, const Stylizer& style);
+  
+  // Draw using directly pixels or images --------------------------------------
+  // x is considered to be a multiple of 2.
+  // y is considered to be a multiple of 4.
+  void DrawPixel(int x, int y, const Pixel&);
+  void DrawImage(int x, int y, const Image&);
 
   // Decorator:
   // x is considered to be a multiple of 2.
@@ -104,15 +110,18 @@ struct Canvas {
   bool IsIn(int x, int y) const {
     return x >= 0 && x < width_ && y >= 0 && y < height_;
   }
+
   enum CellType {
-    kBraille,
-    kBlock,
-    kText,
+    kCell,     // Units of size 2x4
+    kBlock,    // Units of size 2x2
+    kBraille,  // Units of size 1x1
   };
+
   struct Cell {
-    CellType type = kText;
+    CellType type = kCell;
     Pixel content;
   };
+
   struct XY {
     int x;
     int y;

include/ftxui/screen/box.hpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ struct Box {
   static auto Intersection(Box a, Box b) -> Box;
   static auto Union(Box a, Box b) -> Box;
   bool Contain(int x, int y) const;
+  bool IsEmpty();
   bool operator==(const Box& other) const;
   bool operator!=(const Box& other) const;
 };

include/ftxui/screen/image.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Arthur Sonzogni. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license that can be found in
+// the LICENSE file.
+#ifndef FTXUI_SCREEN_IMAGE_HPP
+#define FTXUI_SCREEN_IMAGE_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>  // for uint8_t
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>  // for string, basic_string, allocator
+#include <vector>  // for vector
+
+#include "ftxui/screen/box.hpp"    // for Box
+#include "ftxui/screen/pixel.hpp"  // for Pixel
+
+namespace ftxui {
+
+/// @brief A rectangular grid of Pixel.
+/// @ingroup screen
+class Image {
+ public:
+  // Constructors:
+  Image() = delete;
+  Image(int dimx, int dimy);
+
+  // Access a character in the grid at a given position.
+  std::string& at(int x, int y);
+  const std::string& at(int x, int y) const;
+
+  // Access a cell (Pixel) in the grid at a given position.
+  Pixel& PixelAt(int x, int y);
+  const Pixel& PixelAt(int x, int y) const;
+
+  // Get screen dimensions.
+  int dimx() const { return dimx_; }
+  int dimy() const { return dimy_; }
+
+  // Fill the image with space and default style
+  void Clear();
+
+  Box stencil;
+
+ protected:
+  int dimx_;
+  int dimy_;
+  std::vector<std::vector<Pixel>> pixels_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ftxui
+
+#endif  // FTXUI_SCREEN_IMAGE_HPP

include/ftxui/screen/pixel.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Arthur Sonzogni. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license that can be found in
+// the LICENSE file.
+
+#include <cstdint>                 // for uint8_t
+#include <string>                  // for string, basic_string, allocator
+#include "ftxui/screen/color.hpp"  // for Color, Color::Default
+
+namespace ftxui {
+
+/// @brief A Unicode character and its associated style.
+/// @ingroup screen
+struct Pixel {
+  Pixel()
+      : blink(false),
+        bold(false),
+        dim(false),
+        inverted(false),
+        underlined(false),
+        underlined_double(false),
+        strikethrough(false),
+        automerge(false) {}
+
+  // A bit field representing the style:
+  bool blink : 1;
+  bool bold : 1;
+  bool dim : 1;
+  bool inverted : 1;
+  bool underlined : 1;
+  bool underlined_double : 1;
+  bool strikethrough : 1;
+  bool automerge : 1;
+
+  // The hyperlink associated with the pixel.
+  // 0 is the default value, meaning no hyperlink.
+  // It's an index for accessing Screen meta data
+  uint8_t hyperlink = 0;
+
+  // The graphemes stored into the pixel. To support combining characters,
+  // like: a?, this can potentially contain multiple codepoints.
+  std::string character = " ";
+
+  // Colors:
+  Color background_color = Color::Default;
+  Color foreground_color = Color::Default;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ftxui

include/ftxui/screen/screen.hpp

@@ -9,48 +9,12 @@
 #include <string>  // for string, basic_string, allocator
 #include <vector>  // for vector
 
-#include "ftxui/screen/box.hpp"       // for Box
 #include "ftxui/screen/color.hpp"     // for Color, Color::Default
+#include "ftxui/screen/image.hpp"     // for Pixel, Image
 #include "ftxui/screen/terminal.hpp"  // for Dimensions
 
 namespace ftxui {
 
-/// @brief A unicode character and its associated style.
-/// @ingroup screen
-struct Pixel {
-  Pixel()
-      : blink(false),
-        bold(false),
-        dim(false),
-        inverted(false),
-        underlined(false),
-        underlined_double(false),
-        strikethrough(false),
-        automerge(false) {}
-
-  // A bit field representing the style:
-  bool blink : 1;
-  bool bold : 1;
-  bool dim : 1;
-  bool inverted : 1;
-  bool underlined : 1;
-  bool underlined_double : 1;
-  bool strikethrough : 1;
-  bool automerge : 1;
-
-  // The hyperlink associated with the pixel.
-  // 0 is the default value, meaning no hyperlink.
-  uint8_t hyperlink = 0;
-
-  // The graphemes stored into the pixel. To support combining characters,
-  // like: a⃦, this can potentially contain multiple codepoints.
-  std::string character = " ";
-
-  // Colors:
-  Color background_color = Color::Default;
-  Color foreground_color = Color::Default;
-};
-
 /// @brief Define how the Screen's dimensions should look like.
 /// @ingroup screen
 namespace Dimension {
@@ -60,36 +24,24 @@ Dimensions Full();
 
 /// @brief A rectangular grid of Pixel.
 /// @ingroup screen
-class Screen {
+class Screen : public Image {
  public:
   // Constructors:
   Screen(int dimx, int dimy);
   static Screen Create(Dimensions dimension);
   static Screen Create(Dimensions width, Dimensions height);
 
-  // Access a character in the grid at a given position.
-  std::string& at(int x, int y);
-  const std::string& at(int x, int y) const;
-
-  // Access a cell (Pixel) in the grid at a given position.
-  Pixel& PixelAt(int x, int y);
-  const Pixel& PixelAt(int x, int y) const;
-
   std::string ToString() const;
 
   // Print the Screen on to the terminal.
   void Print() const;
 
-  // Get screen dimensions.
-  int dimx() const { return dimx_; }
-  int dimy() const { return dimy_; }
+  // Fill the screen with space and reset any screen state, like hyperlinks, and cursor
+  void Clear();
 
   // Move the terminal cursor n-lines up with n = dimy().
   std::string ResetPosition(bool clear = false) const;
 
-  // Fill the screen with space.
-  void Clear();
-
   void ApplyShader();
 
   struct Cursor {
@@ -107,6 +59,7 @@ class Screen {
     };
     Shape shape;
   };
+
   Cursor cursor() const { return cursor_; }
   void SetCursor(Cursor cursor) { cursor_ = cursor; }
 
@@ -115,12 +68,7 @@ class Screen {
   uint8_t RegisterHyperlink(const std::string& link);
   const std::string& Hyperlink(uint8_t id) const;
 
-  Box stencil;
-
  protected:
-  int dimx_;
-  int dimy_;
-  std::vector<std::vector<Pixel>> pixels_;
   Cursor cursor_;
   std::vector<std::string> hyperlinks_ = {""};
 };