Add string view overloads (#1154)

This is better ergonomic, as `std::string_view` is lightweight and accept more conversion than `const std::string&`. Co-authored-by: ArthurSonzogni <sonzogniarthur@gmail.com>
2025-12-16 01:48:56 +08:00 · 2025-12-13 11:22:11 -08:00
parent 117417e841
commit 9f4b2bcf96
29 changed files with 275 additions and 151 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ Next
 - Remove dependency on 'pthread'.
 - Bugfix: Bazel target @ftxui is now visible. Thanks @dskkato in #1157.

+### General
+- Breaking. Move to `std::string_view` instead of `const std::string&` where
+  applicable. This yields better interoperability with string literals and
+  avoids unnecessary copies. Thanks @mikomikotaishi for PR #1154
+
 ### Component
 - Feature: POSIX Piped Input Handling.
  - Allows FTXUI applications to read data from stdin (when piped) while still receiving keyboard input from the terminal.
--- a/include/ftxui/component/event.hpp
+++ b/include/ftxui/component/event.hpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@

 #include <ftxui/component/mouse.hpp>  // for Mouse
 #include <string>                     // for string, operator==
+#include <string_view>

 namespace ftxui {

@@ -28,13 +29,13 @@ class ComponentBase;
 /// @ingroup component
 struct Event {
  // --- Constructor section ---------------------------------------------------
-  static Event Character(std::string);
+  static Event Character(std::string_view);
  static Event Character(char);
  static Event Character(wchar_t);
-  static Event Special(std::string);
-  static Event Mouse(std::string, Mouse mouse);
-  static Event CursorPosition(std::string, int x, int y);  // Internal
-  static Event CursorShape(std::string, int shape);        // Internal
+  static Event Special(std::string_view);
+  static Event Mouse(std::string_view, Mouse mouse);
+  static Event CursorPosition(std::string_view, int x, int y);  // Internal
+  static Event CursorShape(std::string_view, int shape);        // Internal

  // --- Arrow ---
  static const Event ArrowLeft;
--- a/include/ftxui/dom/canvas.hpp
+++ b/include/ftxui/dom/canvas.hpp
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ struct Canvas {
  // Draw using character of size 2x4 at position (x,y)
  // x is considered to be a multiple of 2.
  // y is considered to be a multiple of 4.
-  void DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value);
-  void DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value, const Color& color);
-  void DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value, const Stylizer& style);
+  void DrawText(int x, int y, std::string_view value);
+  void DrawText(int x, int y, std::string_view value, const Color& color);
+  void DrawText(int x, int y, std::string_view value, const Stylizer& style);

  // Draw using directly pixels or images --------------------------------------
  // x is considered to be a multiple of 2.
--- a/include/ftxui/dom/elements.hpp
+++ b/include/ftxui/dom/elements.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>

+#include <string_view>
 #include "ftxui/dom/canvas.hpp"
 #include "ftxui/dom/direction.hpp"
 #include "ftxui/dom/flexbox_config.hpp"
@@ -51,8 +52,8 @@ Elements operator|(Elements, Decorator);
 Decorator operator|(Decorator, Decorator);

 // --- Widget ---
-Element text(std::string text);
-Element vtext(std::string text);
+Element text(std::string_view text);
+Element vtext(std::string_view text);
 Element separator();
 Element separatorLight();
 Element separatorDashed();
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ Element separatorDouble();
 Element separatorEmpty();
 Element separatorStyled(BorderStyle);
 Element separator(Pixel);
-Element separatorCharacter(std::string);
+Element separatorCharacter(std::string_view);
 Element separatorHSelector(float left,
                           float right,
                           Color unselected_color,
@@ -89,11 +90,11 @@ Decorator borderStyled(Color);
 Decorator borderWith(const Pixel&);
 Element window(Element title, Element content, BorderStyle border = ROUNDED);
 Element spinner(int charset_index, size_t image_index);
-Element paragraph(const std::string& text);
-Element paragraphAlignLeft(const std::string& text);
-Element paragraphAlignRight(const std::string& text);
-Element paragraphAlignCenter(const std::string& text);
-Element paragraphAlignJustify(const std::string& text);
+Element paragraph(std::string_view text);
+Element paragraphAlignLeft(std::string_view text);
+Element paragraphAlignRight(std::string_view text);
+Element paragraphAlignCenter(std::string_view text);
+Element paragraphAlignJustify(std::string_view text);
 Element graph(GraphFunction);
 Element emptyElement();
 Element canvas(ConstRef<Canvas>);
@@ -120,8 +121,8 @@ Element bgcolor(const LinearGradient&, Element);
 Decorator focusPosition(int x, int y);
 Decorator focusPositionRelative(float x, float y);
 Element automerge(Element child);
-Decorator hyperlink(std::string link);
-Element hyperlink(std::string link, Element child);
+Decorator hyperlink(std::string_view link);
+Element hyperlink(std::string_view link, Element child);
 Element selectionStyleReset(Element);
 Decorator selectionColor(Color foreground);
 Decorator selectionBackgroundColor(Color foreground);
--- a/include/ftxui/dom/selection.hpp
+++ b/include/ftxui/dom/selection.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Selection {
  Selection SaturateVertical(Box box);
  bool IsEmpty() const { return empty_; }

-  void AddPart(const std::string& part, int y, int left, int right);
+  void AddPart(std::string_view part, int y, int left, int right);
  std::string GetParts() { return parts_.str(); }

 private:
--- a/include/ftxui/screen/screen.hpp
+++ b/include/ftxui/screen/screen.hpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Screen : public Image {

  // Store an hyperlink in the screen. Return the id of the hyperlink. The id is
  // used to identify the hyperlink when the user click on it.
-  uint8_t RegisterHyperlink(const std::string& link);
+  uint8_t RegisterHyperlink(std::string_view link);
  const std::string& Hyperlink(uint8_t id) const;

  using SelectionStyle = std::function<void(Pixel&)>;
--- a/include/ftxui/screen/string.hpp
+++ b/include/ftxui/screen/string.hpp
@@ -4,27 +4,32 @@
 #ifndef FTXUI_SCREEN_STRING_HPP
 #define FTXUI_SCREEN_STRING_HPP

-#include <string>  // for string, wstring, to_string
-#include <vector>  // for vector
+#include <string>       // for string, wstring, to_string
+#include <string_view>  // for string_view
+#include <vector>       // for vector

 namespace ftxui {
-std::string to_string(const std::wstring& s);
-std::wstring to_wstring(const std::string& s);
+std::string to_string(std::wstring_view s);
+std::wstring to_wstring(std::string_view s);

 template <typename T>
 std::wstring to_wstring(T s) {
-  return to_wstring(std::to_string(s));
+  return to_wstring(std::string_view(std::to_string(s)));
+}
+template <>
+inline std::wstring to_wstring(const char* s) {
+  return to_wstring(std::string_view(s));
 }

-int string_width(const std::string&);
+int string_width(std::string_view);

 // Split the string into a its glyphs. An empty one is inserted ater fullwidth
 // ones.
-std::vector<std::string> Utf8ToGlyphs(const std::string& input);
+std::vector<std::string> Utf8ToGlyphs(std::string_view input);

 // Map every cells drawn by |input| to their corresponding Glyphs. Half-size
 // Glyphs takes one cell, full-size Glyphs take two cells.
-std::vector<int> CellToGlyphIndex(const std::string& input);
+std::vector<int> CellToGlyphIndex(std::string_view input);

 }  // namespace ftxui

--- a/include/ftxui/util/ref.hpp
+++ b/include/ftxui/util/ref.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <ftxui/screen/string.hpp>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <variant>
 #include <vector>

@@ -125,13 +126,15 @@ class ConstStringListRef {
    Adapter& operator=(Adapter&&) = default;
    virtual ~Adapter() = default;
    virtual size_t size() const = 0;
-    virtual std::string operator[](size_t i) const = 0;
+    virtual std::string_view operator[](size_t i) const = 0;
  };
-  using Variant = std::variant<const std::vector<std::string>,    //
-                               const std::vector<std::string>*,   //
-                               const std::vector<std::wstring>*,  //
-                               Adapter*,                          //
-                               std::unique_ptr<Adapter>           //
+  using Variant = std::variant<const std::vector<std::string>,        //
+                               const std::vector<std::string>*,       //
+                               const std::vector<std::string_view>,   //
+                               const std::vector<std::string_view>*,  //
+                               const std::vector<std::wstring>*,      //
+                               Adapter*,                              //
+                               std::unique_ptr<Adapter>               //
                               >;

  ConstStringListRef() = default;
@@ -149,6 +152,14 @@ class ConstStringListRef {
  {
    variant_ = std::make_shared<Variant>(value);
  }
+  ConstStringListRef(std::vector<std::string_view> value)  // NOLINT
+  {
+    variant_ = std::make_shared<Variant>(value);
+  }
+  ConstStringListRef(const std::vector<std::string_view>* value)  // NOLINT
+  {
+    variant_ = std::make_shared<Variant>(value);
+  }
  ConstStringListRef(const std::vector<std::wstring>* value)  // NOLINT
  {
    variant_ = std::make_shared<Variant>(value);
@@ -169,7 +180,62 @@ class ConstStringListRef {
  }

  std::string operator[](size_t i) const {
-    return variant_ ? std::visit(IndexedGetter(i), *variant_) : "";
+    if (!variant_) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    auto& v = *variant_;
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string>>(v)) {
+      return std::get<const std::vector<std::string>>(v)[i];
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string>*>(v)) {
+      return (*std::get<const std::vector<std::string>*>(v))[i];
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string_view>>(v)) {
+      return std::string(std::get<const std::vector<std::string_view>>(v)[i]);
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string_view>*>(v)) {
+      return std::string(
+          (*std::get<const std::vector<std::string_view>*>(v))[i]);
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::wstring>*>(v)) {
+      return to_string((*std::get<const std::vector<std::wstring>*>(v))[i]);
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<Adapter*>(v)) {
+      return std::string((*std::get<Adapter*>(v))[i]);
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<std::unique_ptr<Adapter>>(v)) {
+      return std::string((*std::get<std::unique_ptr<Adapter>>(v))[i]);
+    }
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  std::string_view at(size_t i) const {
+    if (!variant_) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    auto& v = *variant_;
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string>>(v)) {
+      return std::get<const std::vector<std::string>>(v)[i];
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string>*>(v)) {
+      return (*std::get<const std::vector<std::string>*>(v))[i];
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string_view>>(v)) {
+      return std::get<const std::vector<std::string_view>>(v)[i];
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::string_view>*>(v)) {
+      return (*std::get<const std::vector<std::string_view>*>(v))[i];
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<const std::vector<std::wstring>*>(v)) {
+      return {};
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<Adapter*>(v)) {
+      return (*std::get<Adapter*>(v))[i];
+    }
+    if (std::holds_alternative<std::unique_ptr<Adapter>>(v)) {
+      return (*std::get<std::unique_ptr<Adapter>>(v))[i];
+    }
+    return {};
  }

 private:
@@ -180,6 +246,12 @@ class ConstStringListRef {
    size_t operator()(const std::vector<std::string>* v) const {
      return v->size();
    }
+    size_t operator()(const std::vector<std::string_view>& v) const {
+      return v.size();
+    }
+    size_t operator()(const std::vector<std::string_view>* v) const {
+      return v->size();
+    }
    size_t operator()(const std::vector<std::wstring>* v) const {
      return v->size();
    }
@@ -189,25 +261,6 @@ class ConstStringListRef {
    }
  };

-  struct IndexedGetter {
-    IndexedGetter(size_t index)  // NOLINT
-        : index_(index) {}
-    size_t index_;
-    std::string operator()(const std::vector<std::string>& v) const {
-      return v[index_];
-    }
-    std::string operator()(const std::vector<std::string>* v) const {
-      return (*v)[index_];
-    }
-    std::string operator()(const std::vector<std::wstring>* v) const {
-      return to_string((*v)[index_]);
-    }
-    std::string operator()(const Adapter* v) const { return (*v)[index_]; }
-    std::string operator()(const std::unique_ptr<Adapter>& v) const {
-      return (*v)[index_];
-    }
-  };
-
  std::shared_ptr<Variant> variant_;
 };

--- a/src/ftxui/component/button.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/component/button.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ButtonBase : public ComponentBase, public ButtonOption {
    }

    const EntryState state{
-        *label, false, active, focused_or_hover, Index(),
+        std::string(*label), false, active, focused_or_hover, Index(),
    };

    auto element = (transform ? transform : DefaultTransform)  //
--- a/src/ftxui/component/checkbox.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/component/checkbox.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class CheckboxBase : public ComponentBase, public CheckboxOption {
    const bool is_focused = Focused();
    const bool is_active = Active();
    auto entry_state = EntryState{
-        *label, *checked, is_active, is_focused || hovered_, -1,
+        std::string(*label), *checked, is_active, is_focused || hovered_, -1,
    };
    auto element = (transform ? transform : CheckboxOption::Simple().transform)(
        entry_state);
--- a/src/ftxui/component/event.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/component/event.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ namespace ftxui {
 /// @brief An event corresponding to a given typed character.
 /// @param input The character typed by the user.
 // static
-Event Event::Character(std::string input) {
+Event Event::Character(std::string_view input) {
  Event event;
-  event.input_ = std::move(input);
+  event.input_ = std::string(input);
  event.type_ = Type::Character;
  return event;
 }
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ Event Event::Character(wchar_t c) {
 /// @param input The sequence of character send by the terminal.
 /// @param mouse The mouse state.
 // static
-Event Event::Mouse(std::string input, struct Mouse mouse) {
+Event Event::Mouse(std::string_view input, struct Mouse mouse) {
  Event event;
-  event.input_ = std::move(input);
+  event.input_ = std::string(input);
  event.type_ = Type::Mouse;
  event.data_.mouse = mouse;  // NOLINT
  return event;
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ Event Event::Mouse(std::string input, struct Mouse mouse) {

 /// @brief An event corresponding to a terminal DCS (Device Control String).
 // static
-Event Event::CursorShape(std::string input, int shape) {
+Event Event::CursorShape(std::string_view input, int shape) {
  Event event;
-  event.input_ = std::move(input);
+  event.input_ = std::string(input);
  event.type_ = Type::CursorShape;
  event.data_.cursor_shape = shape;  // NOLINT
  return event;
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ Event Event::CursorShape(std::string input, int shape) {
 /// @brief An custom event whose meaning is defined by the user of the library.
 /// @param input An arbitrary sequence of character defined by the developer.
 // static
-Event Event::Special(std::string input) {
+Event Event::Special(std::string_view input) {
  Event event;
-  event.input_ = std::move(input);
+  event.input_ = std::string(input);
  return event;
 }

 /// @internal
 // static
-Event Event::CursorPosition(std::string input, int x, int y) {
+Event Event::CursorPosition(std::string_view input, int x, int y) {
  Event event;
-  event.input_ = std::move(input);
+  event.input_ = std::string(input);
  event.type_ = Type::CursorPosition;
  event.data_.cursor = {x, y};  // NOLINT
  return event;
@@ -292,12 +292,12 @@ const Event Event::ArrowLeftCtrl  = Event::Special("\x1B[1;5D");
 const Event Event::ArrowRightCtrl = Event::Special("\x1B[1;5C");
 const Event Event::ArrowUpCtrl    = Event::Special("\x1B[1;5A");
 const Event Event::ArrowDownCtrl  = Event::Special("\x1B[1;5B");
-const Event Event::Backspace      = Event::Special({127});
+const Event Event::Backspace      = Event::Special(std::string({127}));
 const Event Event::Delete         = Event::Special("\x1B[3~");
 const Event Event::Escape         = Event::Special("\x1B");
-const Event Event::Return         = Event::Special({10});
-const Event Event::Tab            = Event::Special({9});
-const Event Event::TabReverse     = Event::Special({27, 91, 90});
+const Event Event::Return         = Event::Special(std::string({10}));
+const Event Event::Tab            = Event::Special(std::string({9}));
+const Event Event::TabReverse     = Event::Special(std::string({27, 91, 90}));

 // See https://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm-function-keys.html
 // We follow xterm-new / vterm-xf86-v4 / mgt / screen
@@ -315,11 +315,11 @@ const Event Event::F11 = Event::Special("\x1B[23~");
 const Event Event::F12 = Event::Special("\x1B[24~");

 const Event Event::Insert   = Event::Special("\x1B[2~");
-const Event Event::Home     = Event::Special({27, 91, 72});
-const Event Event::End      = Event::Special({27, 91, 70});
-const Event Event::PageUp   = Event::Special({27, 91, 53, 126});
-const Event Event::PageDown = Event::Special({27, 91, 54, 126});
-const Event Event::Custom   = Event::Special({0});
+const Event Event::Home     = Event::Special(std::string({27, 91, 72}));
+const Event Event::End      = Event::Special(std::string({27, 91, 70}));
+const Event Event::PageUp   = Event::Special(std::string({27, 91, 53, 126}));
+const Event Event::PageDown = Event::Special(std::string({27, 91, 54, 126}));
+const Event Event::Custom   = Event::Special(std::string({0}));

 const Event Event::a = Event::Character("a");
 const Event Event::b = Event::Character("b");
--- a/src/ftxui/component/menu.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/component/menu.cpp
@@ -144,9 +144,8 @@ class MenuBase : public ComponentBase, public MenuOption {
      std::reverse(elements.begin(), elements.end());
    }

-    const Element bar = IsHorizontal()
-                            ? hbox(std::move(elements))
-                            : vbox(std::move(elements));
+    const Element bar =
+        IsHorizontal() ? hbox(std::move(elements)) : vbox(std::move(elements));

    if (!underline.enabled) {
      return bar | reflect(box_);
@@ -623,7 +622,7 @@ Component MenuEntry(MenuEntryOption option) {
      UpdateAnimationTarget();

      const EntryState state{
-          label(), false, hovered_, is_focused, Index(),
+          std::string(label()), false, hovered_, is_focused, Index(),
      };

      Element element = (transform ? transform : DefaultOptionTransform)  //
--- a/src/ftxui/component/screen_interactive.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/component/screen_interactive.cpp
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ void ScreenInteractive::Signal(int signal) {
  }

  if (signal == SIGWINCH) {
-    Post(Event::Special({0}));
+    Post(Event::Special(std::string({0})));
    return;
  }
 #endif
--- a/src/ftxui/component/task_runner.hpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/component/task_runner.hpp
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ class TaskRunner {
  auto PostTask(Task task) -> void;

  /// Schedules a task to be executed after a certain duration.
-  auto PostDelayedTask(Task task,
-                       std::chrono::steady_clock::duration duration) -> void;
+  auto PostDelayedTask(Task task, std::chrono::steady_clock::duration duration)
+      -> void;

  /// Runs the tasks in the queue, return the delay until the next delayed task
  /// can be executed.
--- a/src/ftxui/component/terminal_input_parser_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/component/terminal_input_parser_test.cpp
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ TEST(Event, Control) {
      EXPECT_TRUE(received_events.empty());
    } else {
      EXPECT_EQ(1, received_events.size());
-      EXPECT_EQ(received_events[0], Event::Special({test.input}));
+      EXPECT_EQ(received_events[0], Event::Special(std::string({test.input})));
    }
  }
 }
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/canvas.cpp
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ void Canvas::DrawBlockEllipseFilled(int x1,
 /// @param x the x coordinate of the text.
 /// @param y the y coordinate of the text.
 /// @param value the text to draw.
-void Canvas::DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value) {
+void Canvas::DrawText(int x, int y, std::string_view value) {
  DrawText(x, y, value, nostyle);
 }

@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ void Canvas::DrawText(int x, int y, const std::string& value) {
 /// @param color the color of the text.
 void Canvas::DrawText(int x,
                      int y,
-                      const std::string& value,
+                      std::string_view value,
                      const Color& color) {
  DrawText(x, y, value, [color](Pixel& p) { p.foreground_color = color; });
 }
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ void Canvas::DrawText(int x,
 /// @param style the style of the text.
 void Canvas::DrawText(int x,
                      int y,
-                      const std::string& value,
+                      std::string_view value,
                      const Stylizer& style) {
  for (const auto& it : Utf8ToGlyphs(value)) {
    if (!IsIn(x, y)) {
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/hbox_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/hbox_test.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license that can be found in
 // the LICENSE file.
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>  // for Test, TestInfo (ptr only), EXPECT_EQ, Message, TEST, TestPartResult
-#include <array>          // for array
-#include <cstddef>        // for size_t
+#include <array>    // for array
+#include <cstddef>  // for size_t
 #include <queue>
 #include <stack>          // for stack
 #include <string>         // for allocator, basic_string, string
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/hyperlink.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/hyperlink.cpp
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ class Hyperlink : public NodeDecorator {
 /// Element document =
 ///   hyperlink("https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni/FTXUI", "link");
 /// ```
-Element hyperlink(std::string link, Element child) {
-  return std::make_shared<Hyperlink>(std::move(child), std::move(link));
+Element hyperlink(std::string_view link, Element child) {
+  return std::make_shared<Hyperlink>(std::move(child), std::string(link));
 }

 /// @brief Decorate using a hyperlink.
@@ -67,8 +67,10 @@ Element hyperlink(std::string link, Element child) {
 ///   text("red") | hyperlink("https://github.com/Arthursonzogni/FTXUI");
 /// ```
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE
-Decorator hyperlink(std::string link) {
-  return [link](Element child) { return hyperlink(link, std::move(child)); };
+Decorator hyperlink(std::string_view link) {
+  return [link = std::string(link)](Element child) {
+    return hyperlink(link, std::move(child));
+  };
 }

 }  // namespace ftxui
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/paragraph.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/paragraph.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Element Split(const std::string& paragraph,
 /// @brief Return an element drawing the paragraph on multiple lines.
 /// @ingroup dom
 /// @see flexbox.
-Element paragraph(const std::string& the_text) {
+Element paragraph(std::string_view the_text) {
  return paragraphAlignLeft(the_text);
 }

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ Element paragraph(const std::string& the_text) {
 /// the left.
 /// @ingroup dom
 /// @see flexbox.
-Element paragraphAlignLeft(const std::string& the_text) {
-  return Split(the_text, [](const std::string& line) {
+Element paragraphAlignLeft(std::string_view the_text) {
+  return Split(std::string(the_text), [](const std::string& line) {
    static const auto config = FlexboxConfig().SetGap(1, 0);
    return flexbox(Split(line), config);
  });
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ Element paragraphAlignLeft(const std::string& the_text) {
 /// the right.
 /// @ingroup dom
 /// @see flexbox.
-Element paragraphAlignRight(const std::string& the_text) {
-  return Split(the_text, [](const std::string& line) {
+Element paragraphAlignRight(std::string_view the_text) {
+  return Split(std::string(the_text), [](const std::string& line) {
    static const auto config = FlexboxConfig().SetGap(1, 0).Set(
        FlexboxConfig::JustifyContent::FlexEnd);
    return flexbox(Split(line), config);
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ Element paragraphAlignRight(const std::string& the_text) {
 /// the center.
 /// @ingroup dom
 /// @see flexbox.
-Element paragraphAlignCenter(const std::string& the_text) {
-  return Split(the_text, [](const std::string& line) {
+Element paragraphAlignCenter(std::string_view the_text) {
+  return Split(std::string(the_text), [](const std::string& line) {
    static const auto config =
        FlexboxConfig().SetGap(1, 0).Set(FlexboxConfig::JustifyContent::Center);
    return flexbox(Split(line), config);
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ Element paragraphAlignCenter(const std::string& the_text) {
 /// the center.
 /// @ingroup dom
 /// @see flexbox.
-Element paragraphAlignJustify(const std::string& the_text) {
-  return Split(the_text, [](const std::string& line) {
+Element paragraphAlignJustify(std::string_view the_text) {
+  return Split(std::string(the_text), [](const std::string& line) {
    static const auto config = FlexboxConfig().SetGap(1, 0).Set(
        FlexboxConfig::JustifyContent::SpaceBetween);
    Elements words = Split(line);
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/selection.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/selection.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Selection Selection::SaturateVertical(Box box) {
  return {start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, parent_};
 }

-void Selection::AddPart(const std::string& part, int y, int left, int right) {
+void Selection::AddPart(std::string_view part, int y, int left, int right) {
  if (parent_ != this) {
    parent_->AddPart(part, y, left, right);
    return;
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/separator.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/separator.cpp
@@ -392,8 +392,8 @@ Element separatorEmpty() {
 /// ────
 /// down
 /// ```
-Element separatorCharacter(std::string value) {
-  return std::make_shared<Separator>(std::move(value));
+Element separatorCharacter(std::string_view value) {
+  return std::make_shared<Separator>(std::string(value));
 }

 /// @brief Draw a separator in between two element filled with a given pixel.
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/table_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/table_test.cpp
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ TEST(TableTest, Empty) {
 }

 TEST(TableTest, Basic) {
-  auto table = Table({
+  auto table = Table(std::initializer_list<std::vector<std::string>>({
      {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
      {"e", "f", "g", "h"},
      {"i", "j", "k", "l"},
      {"m", "n", "o", "p"},
-  });
+  }));
  Screen screen(10, 10);
  Render(screen, table.Render());
  EXPECT_EQ(
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/text.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/text.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 #include <algorithm>  // for min
 #include <memory>     // for make_shared
 #include <sstream>
-#include <string>   // for string, wstring
-#include <utility>  // for move
+#include <string>       // for string, wstring
+#include <string_view>  // for string_view
+#include <utility>      // for move

 #include "ftxui/dom/deprecated.hpp"   // for text, vtext
 #include "ftxui/dom/elements.hpp"     // for Element, text, vtext
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ using ftxui::Screen;
 class Text : public Node {
 public:
  explicit Text(std::string text) : text_(std::move(text)) {}
+  explicit Text(std::string_view sv) : Text(std::string(sv)) {}

  void ComputeRequirement() override {
    requirement_.min_x = string_width(text_);
@@ -96,6 +98,8 @@ class VText : public Node {
  explicit VText(std::string text)
      : text_(std::move(text)), width_{std::min(string_width(text_), 1)} {}

+  explicit VText(std::string_view sv) : VText(std::string(sv)) {}
+
  void ComputeRequirement() override {
    requirement_.min_x = width_;
    requirement_.min_y = string_width(text_);
@@ -138,8 +142,8 @@ class VText : public Node {
 /// ```bash
 /// Hello world!
 /// ```
-Element text(std::string text) {
-  return std::make_shared<Text>(std::move(text));
+Element text(std::string_view text) {
+  return std::make_shared<Text>(std::string(text));
 }

 /// @brief Display a piece of unicode text.
@@ -161,6 +165,25 @@ Element text(std::wstring text) {  // NOLINT
  return std::make_shared<Text>(to_string(text));
 }

+/// @brief Display a piece of unicode text.
+/// @ingroup dom
+/// @see ftxui::to_wstring
+///
+/// ### Example
+///
+/// ```cpp
+/// Element document = text(L"Hello world!");
+/// ```
+///
+/// ### Output
+///
+/// ```bash
+/// Hello world!
+/// ```
+Element text(std::wstring_view sv) {
+  return text(std::wstring(sv));
+}
+
 /// @brief Display a piece of unicode text vertically.
 /// @ingroup dom
 /// @see ftxui::to_wstring
@@ -187,8 +210,8 @@ Element text(std::wstring text) {  // NOLINT
 /// d
 /// !
 /// ```
-Element vtext(std::string text) {
-  return std::make_shared<VText>(std::move(text));
+Element vtext(std::string_view text) {
+  return std::make_shared<VText>(std::string(text));
 }

 /// @brief Display a piece unicode text vertically.
@@ -221,4 +244,34 @@ Element vtext(std::wstring text) {  // NOLINT
  return std::make_shared<VText>(to_string(text));
 }

+/// @brief Display a piece unicode text vertically.
+/// @ingroup dom
+/// @see ftxui::to_wstring
+///
+/// ### Example
+///
+/// ```cpp
+/// Element document = vtext(L"Hello world!");
+/// ```
+///
+/// ### Output
+///
+/// ```bash
+/// H
+/// e
+/// l
+/// l
+/// o
+///
+/// w
+/// o
+/// r
+/// l
+/// d
+/// !
+/// ```
+Element vtext(std::wstring_view text) {  // NOLINT
+  return vtext(std::wstring(text));
+}
+
 }  // namespace ftxui
--- a/src/ftxui/dom/text_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/dom/text_test.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by the MIT license that can be found in
 // the LICENSE file.
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <string>  // for allocator, string
+#include <string>       // for allocator, string
+#include <string_view>  // for string_view

 #include "ftxui/dom/elements.hpp"   // for text, operator|, border, Element
 #include "ftxui/dom/node.hpp"       // for Render
@@ -121,5 +122,13 @@ TEST(TextTest, CombiningCharactersWithSpace) {
  EXPECT_EQ(t, screen.ToString());
 }

+TEST(TextTest, WithStringViews) {
+  const std::string_view t = "Hello, world!";
+  auto element = text(t);
+  Screen screen(13, 1);
+  Render(screen, element);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t, screen.ToString());
+}
+
 }  // namespace ftxui
 // NOLINTEND
--- a/src/ftxui/screen/screen.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/screen/screen.cpp
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ void Screen::ApplyShader() {
 }
 // clang-format on

-std::uint8_t Screen::RegisterHyperlink(const std::string& link) {
+std::uint8_t Screen::RegisterHyperlink(std::string_view link) {
  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < hyperlinks_.size(); ++i) {
    if (hyperlinks_[i] == link) {
      return i;
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ std::uint8_t Screen::RegisterHyperlink(const std::string& link) {
  if (hyperlinks_.size() == std::numeric_limits<std::uint8_t>::max()) {
    return 0;
  }
-  hyperlinks_.push_back(link);
+  hyperlinks_.push_back(std::string(link));
  return hyperlinks_.size() - 1;
 }

--- a/src/ftxui/screen/string.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/screen/string.cpp
@@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ namespace ftxui {
 // one codepoint. Put the codepoint into |ucs|. Start at |start| and update
 // |end| to represent the beginning of the next byte to eat for consecutive
 // executions.
-bool EatCodePoint(const std::string& input,
+bool EatCodePoint(std::string_view input,
                  size_t start,
                  size_t* end,
                  uint32_t* ucs) {
@@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ bool EatCodePoint(const std::string& input,
 // one codepoint. Put the codepoint into |ucs|. Start at |start| and update
 // |end| to represent the beginning of the next byte to eat for consecutive
 // executions.
-bool EatCodePoint(const std::wstring& input,
+bool EatCodePoint(std::wstring_view input,
                  size_t start,
                  size_t* end,
                  uint32_t* ucs) {
@@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ int wstring_width(const std::wstring& text) {
  return width;
 }

-int string_width(const std::string& input) {
+int string_width(std::string_view input) {
  int width = 0;
  size_t start = 0;
  while (start < input.size()) {
@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@ int string_width(const std::string& input) {
  return width;
 }

-std::vector<std::string> Utf8ToGlyphs(const std::string& input) {
+std::vector<std::string> Utf8ToGlyphs(std::string_view input) {
  std::vector<std::string> out;
  out.reserve(input.size());
  size_t start = 0;
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ std::vector<std::string> Utf8ToGlyphs(const std::string& input) {
      continue;
    }

-    const std::string append = input.substr(start, end - start);
+    const auto append = input.substr(start, end - start);
    start = end;

    // Ignore control characters.
@@ -1386,18 +1386,18 @@ std::vector<std::string> Utf8ToGlyphs(const std::string& input) {
    // Fullwidth characters take two cells. The second is made of the empty
    // string to reserve the space the first is taking.
    if (IsFullWidth(codepoint)) {
-      out.push_back(append);
+      out.push_back(std::string(append));
      out.emplace_back("");
      continue;
    }

    // Normal characters:
-    out.push_back(append);
+    out.push_back(std::string(append));
  }
  return out;
 }

-size_t GlyphPrevious(const std::string& input, size_t start) {
+size_t GlyphPrevious(std::string_view input, size_t start) {
  while (true) {
    if (start == 0) {
      return 0;
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ size_t GlyphPrevious(const std::string& input, size_t start) {
  }
 }

-size_t GlyphNext(const std::string& input, size_t start) {
+size_t GlyphNext(std::string_view input, size_t start) {
  bool glyph_found = false;
  while (start < input.size()) {
    size_t end = 0;
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@ size_t GlyphNext(const std::string& input, size_t start) {
  return static_cast<int>(input.size());
 }

-size_t GlyphIterate(const std::string& input, int glyph_offset, size_t start) {
+size_t GlyphIterate(std::string_view input, int glyph_offset, size_t start) {
  if (glyph_offset >= 0) {
    for (int i = 0; i < glyph_offset; ++i) {
      start = GlyphNext(input, start);
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ size_t GlyphIterate(const std::string& input, int glyph_offset, size_t start) {
  }
 }

-std::vector<int> CellToGlyphIndex(const std::string& input) {
+std::vector<int> CellToGlyphIndex(std::string_view input) {
  int x = -1;
  std::vector<int> out;
  out.reserve(input.size());
@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ std::vector<int> CellToGlyphIndex(const std::string& input) {
  return out;
 }

-int GlyphCount(const std::string& input) {
+int GlyphCount(std::string_view input) {
  int size = 0;
  size_t start = 0;
  size_t end = 0;
@@ -1531,8 +1531,7 @@ int GlyphCount(const std::string& input) {
  return size;
 }

-std::vector<WordBreakProperty> Utf8ToWordBreakProperty(
-    const std::string& input) {
+std::vector<WordBreakProperty> Utf8ToWordBreakProperty(std::string_view input) {
  std::vector<WordBreakProperty> out;
  out.reserve(input.size());
  size_t start = 0;
@@ -1563,7 +1562,7 @@ std::vector<WordBreakProperty> Utf8ToWordBreakProperty(
 }

 /// Convert a std::wstring into a UTF8 std::string.
-std::string to_string(const std::wstring& s) {
+std::string to_string(std::wstring_view s) {
  std::string out;

  size_t i = 0;
@@ -1635,7 +1634,7 @@ std::string to_string(const std::wstring& s) {
 }

 /// Convert a UTF8 std::string into a std::wstring.
-std::wstring to_wstring(const std::string& s) {
+std::wstring to_wstring(std::string_view s) {
  std::wstring out;

  size_t i = 0;
--- a/src/ftxui/screen/string_internal.hpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/screen/string_internal.hpp
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@

 namespace ftxui {

-bool EatCodePoint(const std::string& input,
+bool EatCodePoint(std::string_view input,
                  size_t start,
                  size_t* end,
                  uint32_t* ucs);
-bool EatCodePoint(const std::wstring& input,
+bool EatCodePoint(std::wstring_view input,
                  size_t start,
                  size_t* end,
                  uint32_t* ucs);
@@ -23,17 +23,15 @@ bool IsCombining(uint32_t ucs);
 bool IsFullWidth(uint32_t ucs);
 bool IsControl(uint32_t ucs);

-size_t GlyphPrevious(const std::string& input, size_t start);
-size_t GlyphNext(const std::string& input, size_t start);
+size_t GlyphPrevious(std::string_view input, size_t start);
+size_t GlyphNext(std::string_view input, size_t start);

 // Return the index in the |input| string of the glyph at |glyph_offset|,
 // starting at |start|
-size_t GlyphIterate(const std::string& input,
-                    int glyph_offset,
-                    size_t start = 0);
+size_t GlyphIterate(std::string_view input, int glyph_offset, size_t start = 0);

 // Returns the number of glyphs in |input|.
-int GlyphCount(const std::string& input);
+int GlyphCount(std::string_view input);

 // Properties from:
 // https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/WordBreakProperty.txt
@@ -58,10 +56,9 @@ enum class WordBreakProperty : int8_t {
  ZWJ,
 };
 WordBreakProperty CodepointToWordBreakProperty(uint32_t codepoint);
-std::vector<WordBreakProperty> Utf8ToWordBreakProperty(
-    const std::string& input);
+std::vector<WordBreakProperty> Utf8ToWordBreakProperty(std::string_view input);

-bool IsWordBreakingCharacter(const std::string& input, size_t glyph_index);
+bool IsWordBreakingCharacter(std::string_view input, size_t glyph_index);
 }  // namespace ftxui

 #endif /* end of include guard: FTXUI_SCREEN_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP */
--- a/src/ftxui/screen/string_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/screen/string_test.cpp
@@ -154,14 +154,14 @@ TEST(StringTest, to_string) {
 }

 TEST(StringTest, to_wstring) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("hello")), L"hello");
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("€")), L"€");
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("ÿ")), L"ÿ");
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("߿")), L"߿");
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("ɰɱ")), L"ɰɱ");
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("«»")), L"«»");
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("嵰嵲嵫")), L"嵰嵲嵫");
-  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring(std::string("🎅🎄")), L"🎅🎄");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("hello"), L"hello");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("€"), L"€");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("ÿ"), L"ÿ");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("߿"), L"߿");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("ɰɱ"), L"ɰɱ");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("«»"), L"«»");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("嵰嵲嵫"), L"嵰嵲嵫");
+  EXPECT_EQ(to_wstring("🎅🎄"), L"🎅🎄");
 }

 }  // namespace ftxui
--- a/src/ftxui/util/ref_test.cpp
+++ b/src/ftxui/util/ref_test.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class Adapter : public ConstStringListRef::Adapter {
 public:
  Adapter(std::vector<std::string>& entries) : entries(entries) {}
  size_t size() const override { return entries.size() * 2; }
-  std::string operator[](size_t index) const override {
+  std::string_view operator[](size_t index) const override {
    return entries[index / 2];
  }
  std::vector<std::string>& entries;