Table-and-Graph-Libs/graphs.hpp

// Teal Dulcet, CS546

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <cfloat>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cwchar>
#include <clocale>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <numeric>
#include <functional>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>

namespace graphs
{
	using namespace std;

	const char *const styles[][11] = {
		{"-", "|", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+"}, // ASCII
		{"—", "|", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+", "+"}, // Basic
		{"─", "│", "┌", "┬", "┐", "├", "┼", "┤", "└", "┴", "┘"}, // Light
		{"━", "┃", "┏", "┳", "┓", "┣", "╋", "┫", "┗", "┻", "┛"}, // Heavy
		{"═", "║", "╔", "╦", "╗", "╠", "╬", "╣", "╚", "╩", "╝"}, // Double
		{"╌", "╎", "┌", "┬", "┐", "├", "┼", "┤", "└", "┴", "┘"}, // Light Dashed
		{"╍", "╏", "┏", "┳", "┓", "┣", "╋", "┫", "┗", "┻", "┛"}	 // Heavy Dashed
	};
	// {" ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " ", " "}};//No border

	const char *const colors[] = {"\e[39m", "\e[30m", "\e[31m", "\e[32m", "\e[33m", "\e[34m", "\e[35m", "\e[36m", "\e[37m", "\e[90m", "\e[91m", "\e[92m", "\e[93m", "\e[94m", "\e[95m", "\e[96m", "\e[97m"};

	const char *const dots[] = {"⠀", "⠁", "⠂", "⠃", "⠄", "⠅", "⠆", "⠇", "⠈", "⠉", "⠊", "⠋", "⠌", "⠍", "⠎", "⠏", "⠐", "⠑", "⠒", "⠓", "⠔", "⠕", "⠖", "⠗", "⠘", "⠙", "⠚", "⠛", "⠜", "⠝", "⠞", "⠟", "⠠", "⠡", "⠢", "⠣", "⠤", "⠥", "⠦", "⠧", "⠨", "⠩", "⠪", "⠫", "⠬", "⠭", "⠮", "⠯", "⠰", "⠱", "⠲", "⠳", "⠴", "⠵", "⠶", "⠷", "⠸", "⠹", "⠺", "⠻", "⠼", "⠽", "⠾", "⠿", "⡀", "⡁", "⡂", "⡃", "⡄", "⡅", "⡆", "⡇", "⡈", "⡉", "⡊", "⡋", "⡌", "⡍", "⡎", "⡏", "⡐", "⡑", "⡒", "⡓", "⡔", "⡕", "⡖", "⡗", "⡘", "⡙", "⡚", "⡛", "⡜", "⡝", "⡞", "⡟", "⡠", "⡡", "⡢", "⡣", "⡤", "⡥", "⡦", "⡧", "⡨", "⡩", "⡪", "⡫", "⡬", "⡭", "⡮", "⡯", "⡰", "⡱", "⡲", "⡳", "⡴", "⡵", "⡶", "⡷", "⡸", "⡹", "⡺", "⡻", "⡼", "⡽", "⡾", "⡿", "⢀", "⢁", "⢂", "⢃", "⢄", "⢅", "⢆", "⢇", "⢈", "⢉", "⢊", "⢋", "⢌", "⢍", "⢎", "⢏", "⢐", "⢑", "⢒", "⢓", "⢔", "⢕", "⢖", "⢗", "⢘", "⢙", "⢚", "⢛", "⢜", "⢝", "⢞", "⢟", "⢠", "⢡", "⢢", "⢣", "⢤", "⢥", "⢦", "⢧", "⢨", "⢩", "⢪", "⢫", "⢬", "⢭", "⢮", "⢯", "⢰", "⢱", "⢲", "⢳", "⢴", "⢵", "⢶", "⢷", "⢸", "⢹", "⢺", "⢻", "⢼", "⢽", "⢾", "⢿", "⣀", "⣁", "⣂", "⣃", "⣄", "⣅", "⣆", "⣇", "⣈", "⣉", "⣊", "⣋", "⣌", "⣍", "⣎", "⣏", "⣐", "⣑", "⣒", "⣓", "⣔", "⣕", "⣖", "⣗", "⣘", "⣙", "⣚", "⣛", "⣜", "⣝", "⣞", "⣟", "⣠", "⣡", "⣢", "⣣", "⣤", "⣥", "⣦", "⣧", "⣨", "⣩", "⣪", "⣫", "⣬", "⣭", "⣮", "⣯", "⣰", "⣱", "⣲", "⣳", "⣴", "⣵", "⣶", "⣷", "⣸", "⣹", "⣺", "⣻", "⣼", "⣽", "⣾", "⣿"};

	const int values[][4] = {{0x1, 0x2, 0x4, 0x40}, {0x8, 0x10, 0x20, 0x80}};

	const char *const fractions[] = {"¼", "½", "¾", "⅐", "⅑", "⅒", "⅓", "⅔", "⅕", "⅖", "⅗", "⅘", "⅙", "⅚", "⅛", "⅜", "⅝", "⅞"};

	const long double fractionvalues[] = {1.0L / 4.0L, 1.0L / 2.0L, 3.0L / 4.0L, 1.0L / 7.0L, 1.0L / 9.0L, 1.0L / 10.0L, 1.0L / 3.0L, 2.0L / 3.0L, 1.0L / 5.0L, 2.0L / 5.0L, 3.0L / 5.0L, 4.0L / 5.0L, 1.0L / 6.0L, 5.0L / 6.0L, 1.0L / 8.0L, 3.0L / 8.0L, 5.0L / 8.0L, 7.0L / 8.0L};

	struct options
	{
		bool border = true;
		bool axislabel = true;
		bool axisunitslabel = true;
		const char *title = nullptr;
		unsigned int style = 2;
		unsigned int color = 2;
	};

	const options defaultoptions;

	template <typename T>
	auto size(const T &array)
	{
		return distance(begin(array), end(array));
	}

	// Number of columns needed to represent the string
	// Adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/31124065
	int strcol(const char *const str)
	{
		size_t length = strlen(str);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i)
			if (iscntrl(str[i]))
			{
				cerr << "\nError! Control character in string.\n";
				cout << "Control character: " << (int)str[i] << "\n";
			}

		length = mbstowcs(nullptr, str, 0);
		if (length == static_cast<size_t>(-1))
		{
			cerr << "\nError! mbstowcs failed. Invalid multibyte character.\n";
			exit(1);
		}
		++length;

		wchar_t *wcstring = new wchar_t[length];

		if (mbstowcs(wcstring, str, length) == static_cast<size_t>(-1))
		{
			if (wcstring != nullptr)
				delete[] wcstring;

			cerr << "\nError! mbstowcs failed. Invalid multibyte character.\n";
			exit(1);
		}

		int width = wcswidth(wcstring, length);
		if (width == -1)
		{
			cerr << "\nError! wcswidth failed. Nonprintable wide character.\n";
			exit(1);
		}

		if (wcstring != nullptr)
			delete[] wcstring;

		return width;
	}

	// Word wrap
	// Source: https://gist.github.com/tdulcet/819821ca69501822ad3f84a060c640a0
	// Adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/42016346 and https://stackoverflow.com/a/13094734
	string wrap(const char *const str, const size_t line_length)
	{
		char words[strlen(str) + 1];
		strcpy(words, str);
		string wrapped;

		size_t index = 0;
		size_t linelen = 0;
		while (words[index] != '\0')
		{
			if (words[index] == '\n')
			{
				linelen = 0;
			}
			else if (isspace(words[index]))
			{
				size_t tempindex = index + 1;
				size_t templinelen = linelen;
				while (!isspace(words[tempindex]) and words[tempindex] != '\0')
				{
					++templinelen;

					++tempindex;
				}

				char temp[templinelen + 1];
				strncpy(temp, words + (index - linelen), templinelen);
				temp[templinelen] = '\0';

				size_t width = strcol(temp);

				if (width >= line_length)
				{
					words[index] = '\n';
					linelen = 0;
				}
			}

			if (words[index] == '\t')
				linelen += 8 - (linelen % 8);
			else if (words[index] != '\n')
				++linelen;

			++index;
		}
		wrapped = words;
		return wrapped;
	}

	// Convert fractions and constants to Unicode characters
	size_t outputlabel(const long double label, ostringstream &strm)
	{
		bool output = false;

		long double intpart = 0;
		long double fractionpart = abs(modf(label, &intpart));

		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < graphs::size(fractions) and !output; ++i)
		{
			if (abs(fractionpart - fractionvalues[i]) < DBL_EPSILON)
			{
				if (intpart != 0)
					strm << intpart;

				strm << fractions[i];

				output = true;
			}
		}

		if (abs(label) >= DBL_EPSILON)
		{
			if (!output and fmod(label, M_PI) == 0)
			{
				const char symbol[] = "π";

				intpart = label / M_PI;

				if (intpart == -1)
					strm << "-";
				else if (intpart != 1)
					strm << intpart;

				strm << symbol;

				output = true;
			}
			else if (!output and fmod(label, M_E) == 0)
			{
				const char symbol[] = "e";

				intpart = label / M_E;

				if (intpart == -1)
					strm << "-";
				else if (intpart != 1)
					strm << intpart;

				strm << symbol;

				output = true;
			}
		}

		if (!output)
			strm << label;

		size_t length = strcol(strm.str().c_str());

		return length;
	}

	// Output graph
	int graph(const size_t height, const size_t width, const long double xmin, const long double xmax, const long double ymin, const long double ymax, const vector<vector<unsigned short>> &array, const options &aoptions)
	{
		if (!graphs::size(array))
			return 1;

		const bool border = aoptions.border;
		const bool axislabel = aoptions.axislabel;
		const bool axisunitslabel = aoptions.axisunitslabel;
		const char *const title = aoptions.title;
		const unsigned int style = aoptions.style;

		if (style >= graphs::size(styles))
			return 1;

		if (height == 0)
			return 1;

		if (width == 0)
			return 1;

		struct winsize w;
		ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &w);

		const int aheight = height / 4;
		const int awidth = width / 2;

		if (aheight > w.ws_row)
		{
			cerr << "The height of the graph (" << aheight << ") is greater then the height of the terminal (" << w.ws_row << ").\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (awidth > w.ws_col)
		{
			cerr << "The width of the graph (" << awidth << ") is greater then the width of the terminal (" << w.ws_col << ").\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (xmin >= xmax)
		{
			cerr << "xmin must be less than xmax.\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (ymin >= ymax)
		{
			cerr << "ymin must be less than ymax.\n";
			return 1;
		}

		const long double xscl = width / (xmax - xmin);
		const long double yscl = height / (ymax - ymin);
		const long double xaxis = width - (xmax * xscl);
		const long double yaxis = ymax * yscl;
		const int divisor = 2 * 4 * ((width / 160.0) > 1 ? (width / 160) + 1 : 1);

		setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");

		if (title != nullptr and title[0] != '\0')
			cout << wrap(title, w.ws_col) << "\n";

		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < height; i += 4)
		{
			const bool ayaxis = (i <= yaxis and (i + 4) > yaxis);
			const bool yaxislabel = (i <= (yaxis + 4) and (i + 4) > (yaxis + 4));

			ostringstream ylabelstrm;
			size_t ylabellength = 0;

			if (border and axislabel and axisunitslabel)
			{
				bool output = false;
				long double label = 0;
				int adivisor = divisor;
				if (i < yaxis)
					adivisor = -adivisor;

				for (long double k = yaxis + adivisor; ((i < yaxis and k >= i) or (i > yaxis and k < (i + 4))) and i >= 4 and !output; k += adivisor)
				{
					if (i <= k and (i + 4) > k)
					{
						label = ymax - (k / yscl);

						output = true;
					}
				}

				if (output)
				{
					ylabellength = outputlabel(label, ylabelstrm);
					ylabellength *= 2;
				}
			}

			for (unsigned int j = 0; j < width; j += 2)
			{
				const bool axaxis = (j <= xaxis and (j + 2) > xaxis);
				const bool xaxislabel = (j <= (xaxis - 2) and (j + 2) > (xaxis - 2));

				bool output = false;

				if (border)
				{
					if (axaxis and ayaxis)
					{
						cout << styles[style][6];
						output = true;
					}
					else if (axaxis)
					{
						if (axislabel and axisunitslabel)
						{
							int adivisor = divisor;
							if (i < yaxis)
								adivisor = -adivisor;

							for (long double k = yaxis + adivisor; ((i < yaxis and k >= i) or (i > yaxis and k < (i + 4))) and i >= 4 and !output; k += adivisor)
							{
								if (i <= k and (i + 4) > k)
								{
									cout << styles[style][7];
									output = true;
								}
							}
						}
						if (!output)
						{
							if (i == 0)
								cout << styles[style][4];
							else if (i >= (height - 4))
								cout << styles[style][10];
							else
								cout << styles[style][1];
							output = true;
						}
					}
					else if (ayaxis)
					{
						if (axislabel and axisunitslabel)
						{
							int adivisor = divisor;
							if (j < xaxis)
								adivisor = -adivisor;

							for (long double k = xaxis + adivisor; ((j < xaxis and k >= j) or (j > xaxis and k < (j + 2))) and j < (width - 4) and !output; k += adivisor)
							{
								if (j <= k and (j + 2) > k)
								{
									cout << styles[style][3];
									output = true;
								}
							}
						}
						if (!output)
						{
							if (j == 0)
								cout << styles[style][2];
							else if (j >= (width - 2))
								cout << styles[style][4];
							else
								cout << styles[style][0];
							output = true;
						}
					}
					else if (yaxislabel and xaxislabel and axislabel and axisunitslabel)
					{
						cout << "0";
						output = true;
					}
					else if (j >= (width - 2) and yaxislabel and axislabel)
					{
						cout << "x";
						output = true;
					}
					else if (yaxislabel and axislabel and axisunitslabel)
					{
						long double label = 0;
						int adivisor = divisor;
						if (j < xaxis)
						{
							adivisor = -adivisor;
							j += 2;
						}

						for (long double k = xaxis + adivisor; ((j < xaxis and k >= j) or (j > xaxis and k < (j + 2))) and j < (width - 2) and !output; k += adivisor)
						{
							if (j <= k and (j + 2) > k)
							{
								label = (k / xscl) + xmin;

								output = true;
							}
						}

						if (adivisor < 0)
							j -= 2;

						if (output)
						{
							output = false;

							ostringstream strm;
							size_t length = outputlabel(label, strm);
							length *= 2;
							if ((j >= xaxis or (j + length) < (xaxis - 4)) and (j + length) < (width - 2))
							{
								cout << strm.str();

								if (length > 2)
									j += length - 2;

								if (adivisor < 0)
									output = true;
								else
									j += 2;
							}
						}
					}
					else if (i == 0 and xaxislabel and axislabel)
					{
						cout << "y";
						output = true;
					}
					else if ((j <= (xaxis - ylabellength) and (j + 2) > (xaxis - ylabellength)) and axislabel and axisunitslabel)
					{
						cout << ylabelstrm.str();
						output = true;
						if (ylabellength > 2)
							j += ylabellength - 2;
					}
				}

				if (!output)
				{
					unsigned int dot = 0;
					unsigned short color = 0;

					for (unsigned int k = 0; k < 2 and k < (width - j); ++k)
					{
						for (unsigned int l = 0; l < 4 and l < (height - i); ++l)
						{
							dot += (array[j + k][i + l] ? 1 : 0) * values[k][l];
							if (color)
							{
								if (array[j + k][i + l] and color != array[j + k][i + l])
									color = 1;
							}
							else
								color = array[j + k][i + l];
						}
					}

					if (color)
						--color;

					if (color)
						cout << colors[color];

					cout << "\e[1m" << dots[dot] << "\e[22m";

					if (color)
						cout << colors[0];
				}
			}

			cout << "\n";
		}

		cout << endl;

		return 0;
	}

	// Convert one or more arrays to graph and output
	template <typename T>
	int arrays(size_t height, size_t width, long double xmin, long double xmax, long double ymin, long double ymax, const T &arrays, const options &aoptions = defaultoptions)
	{
		if (!graphs::size(arrays))
			return 1;

		if (!all_of(begin(arrays), end(arrays), [](const auto &array)
					{ return all_of(begin(array), end(array), [](const auto &x)
									{ return graphs::size(x) == 2; }); }))
		{
			cerr << "Error: The arrays must have two columns.";
			return 1;
		}

		const unsigned int color = aoptions.color;

		if (color >= graphs::size(colors))
			return 1;

		struct winsize w;
		ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &w);

		if (height == 0)
			height = w.ws_row * 4;

		if (width == 0)
			width = w.ws_col * 2;

		const int aheight = height / 4;
		const int awidth = width / 2;

		if (aheight > w.ws_row)
		{
			cerr << "The height of the graph (" << aheight << ") is greater then the height of the terminal (" << w.ws_row << ").\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (awidth > w.ws_col)
		{
			cerr << "The width of the graph (" << awidth << ") is greater then the width of the terminal (" << w.ws_col << ").\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (xmin == 0 and xmax == 0)
		{
			const auto compare = [](const auto &a, const auto &b)
			{ return a[0] < b[0]; };
			const auto result = accumulate(begin(arrays), end(arrays), make_pair(arrays[0][0], arrays[0][0]), [compare](const auto &current, const auto &array)
										   { const auto minmax = minmax_element(begin(array), end(array), compare); return make_pair(min(current.first, *minmax.first, compare), max(current.second, *minmax.second, compare)); });
			xmin = result.first[0];
			xmax = result.second[0];
		}

		if (ymin == 0 and ymax == 0)
		{
			const auto compare = [](const auto &a, const auto &b)
			{ return a[1] < b[1]; };
			const auto result = accumulate(begin(arrays), end(arrays), make_pair(arrays[0][0], arrays[0][0]), [compare](const auto &current, const auto &array)
										   { const auto minmax = minmax_element(begin(array), end(array), compare); return make_pair(min(current.first, *minmax.first, compare), max(current.second, *minmax.second, compare)); });
			ymin = result.first[1];
			ymax = result.second[1];
		}

		if (xmin >= xmax)
		{
			cerr << "xmin must be less than xmax.\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (ymin >= ymax)
		{
			cerr << "ymin must be less than ymax.\n";
			return 1;
		}

		const long double xscl = width / (xmax - xmin);
		const long double yscl = height / (ymax - ymin);
		const long double xaxis = width - (xmax * xscl);
		const long double yaxis = ymax * yscl;

		vector<vector<unsigned short>> aarray(width, vector<unsigned short>(height, 0));

		for (unsigned int j = 0; j < graphs::size(arrays); ++j)
		{
			auto array = arrays[j];
			const unsigned int color = (j % (graphs::size(colors) - 2)) + 3;

			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < graphs::size(array); ++i)
			{
				if (array[i][0] >= xmin and array[i][0] < xmax and array[i][1] >= ymin and array[i][1] < ymax)
				{
					const long long x = (array[i][0] * xscl) + xaxis;
					const long long y = (yaxis - (array[i][1] * yscl)) - 1;

					if (aarray[x][y])
					{
						if (aarray[x][y] != color)
							aarray[x][y] = 1;
					}
					else
						aarray[x][y] = color;
				}
			}
		}

		return graph(height, width, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, aarray, aoptions);
	}

	// Convert single array to graph and output
	template <typename T>
	int array(size_t height, size_t width, long double xmin, long double xmax, long double ymin, long double ymax, const T &aarray, const options &aoptions = defaultoptions)
	{
		const std::array<T, 1> aaarray = {aarray};

		return arrays(height, width, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, aaarray, aoptions);
	}

	// Convert single array to graph and output
	template <typename T>
	int array(size_t height, size_t width, long double xmin, long double xmax, long double ymin, long double ymax, const size_t rows, T **aarray, const options &aoptions = defaultoptions)
	{
		if (rows == 0)
			return 1;

		const size_t columns = 2;
		vector<std::array<T, columns>> aaarray(rows);
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
			copy(aarray[i], aarray[i] + columns, aaarray[i].begin());

		return array(height, width, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, aaarray, aoptions);
	}

	// Convert one or more functions to graph and output
	template <typename T>
	int functions(size_t height, size_t width, const long double xmin, const long double xmax, const long double ymin, const long double ymax, const size_t numfunctions, function<T(T)> functions[], const options &aoptions = defaultoptions)
	{
		const unsigned int color = aoptions.color;

		if (color >= graphs::size(colors))
			return 1;

		if (numfunctions == 0)
			return 1;

		struct winsize w;
		ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &w);

		if (height == 0)
			height = w.ws_row * 4;

		if (width == 0)
			width = w.ws_col * 2;

		const int aheight = height / 4;
		const int awidth = width / 2;

		if (aheight > w.ws_row)
		{
			cerr << "The height of the graph (" << aheight << ") is greater then the height of the terminal (" << w.ws_row << ").\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (awidth > w.ws_col)
		{
			cerr << "The width of the graph (" << awidth << ") is greater then the width of the terminal (" << w.ws_col << ").\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (xmin >= xmax)
		{
			cerr << "xmin must be less than xmax.\n";
			return 1;
		}

		if (ymin >= ymax)
		{
			cerr << "ymin must be less than ymax.\n";
			return 1;
		}

		const size_t rows = width;

		const long double xscl = width / (xmax - xmin);
		const long double yscl = height / (ymax - ymin);
		const long double xaxis = width - (xmax * xscl);
		const long double yaxis = ymax * yscl;

		vector<vector<unsigned short>> array(width, vector<unsigned short>(height, 0));

		for (unsigned int j = 0; j < numfunctions; ++j)
		{
			unsigned short acolor = numfunctions == 1 ? color + 1 : (j % (graphs::size(colors) - 2)) + 3;

			for (long double i = 0; i < rows; i += 0.5)
			{
				T x = (i / xscl) + xmin;
				T y = (functions[j])(x);

				if (x >= xmin and x < xmax and y >= ymin and y < ymax)
				{
					const long long ax = (x * xscl) + xaxis;
					const long long ay = (yaxis - (y * yscl)) - 1;

					if (array[ax][ay])
					{
						if (array[ax][ay] != acolor)
							array[ax][ay] = 1;
					}
					else
						array[ax][ay] = acolor;
				}
			}
		}

		return graph(height, width, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, array, aoptions);
	}

	// Convert single function to function array and output
	template <typename T>
	int function(size_t height, size_t width, const long double xmin, const long double xmax, const long double ymin, const long double ymax, const function<T(T)> &afunction, const options &aoptions = defaultoptions)
	{
		std::function<T(T)> afunctions[] = {afunction};

		return functions(height, width, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, 1, afunctions, aoptions);
	}

	// Convert single function to function array and output
	template <typename T>
	int function(size_t height, size_t width, const long double xmin, const long double xmax, const long double ymin, const long double ymax, T afunction(T), const options &aoptions = defaultoptions)
	{
		std::function<T(T)> afunctions[] = {afunction};

		return functions(height, width, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, 1, afunctions, aoptions);
	}

}