diff --git a/lib/potential/gkernel_triangle2d.cpp b/lib/potential/gkernel_triangle2d.cpp
index 466cbce..bda0f9d 100644
--- a/lib/potential/gkernel_triangle2d.cpp
+++ b/lib/potential/gkernel_triangle2d.cpp
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ void gkernel_triangle2d_vz2(gctl::matrix<double> &out_kernel, const gctl::array<
 		{
 			obsg.x = gkernel_triangle2d_vx_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			obsg.y = gkernel_triangle2d_vz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
-			out_kernel[i][j] = obsg.y*sin(obsp[i].arc) + obsg.x*cos(obsp[i].arc);
+			out_kernel[i][j] = obsg.y*sin(obsp[i].arc) - obsg.x*cos(obsp[i].arc);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ void gkernel_triangle2d_vx2(gctl::matrix<double> &out_kernel, const gctl::array<
 		{
 			obsg.x = gkernel_triangle2d_vx_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			obsg.y = gkernel_triangle2d_vz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
-			out_kernel[i][j] = obsg.y*cos(obsp[i].arc) + obsg.x*sin(obsp[i].arc);
+			out_kernel[i][j] = -1.0*obsg.y*cos(obsp[i].arc) + obsg.x*sin(obsp[i].arc);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -509,8 +509,8 @@ void gkernel_triangle2d_vxx2(gctl::matrix<double> &out_kernel, const gctl::array
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_kernel[i][j] = cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc));
+			out_kernel[i][j] = sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				- cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc));
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ void gkernel_triangle2d_vxz2(gctl::matrix<double> &out_kernel, const gctl::array
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_kernel[i][j] = sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc));
+			out_kernel[i][j] = -1.0*cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc));
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -573,8 +573,8 @@ void gkernel_triangle2d_vzx2(gctl::matrix<double> &out_kernel, const gctl::array
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_kernel[i][j] = cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc));
+			out_kernel[i][j] = sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				- cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc));
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -605,8 +605,8 @@ void gkernel_triangle2d_vzz2(gctl::matrix<double> &out_kernel, const gctl::array
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_kernel[i][j] = sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc));
+			out_kernel[i][j] = -1.0*cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc));
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -775,9 +775,9 @@ void gobser_triangle2d_vz2(gctl::array<double> &out_obs, const gctl::array<gctl:
 		for (i = 0; i < o_size; i++)
 		{
 			obsc = obsp[i].p2c();
-			obsg.x = gkernel_triangle2d_vx_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
-			obsg.y = gkernel_triangle2d_vz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
-			out_obs[i] += (obsg.y*sin(obsp[i].arc) + obsg.x*cos(obsp[i].arc))*rho[j];
+			obsg.x = gkernel_triangle2d_vx_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc); // 沿x轴正方向的重力值
+			obsg.y = gkernel_triangle2d_vz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc); // 沿z轴负方向的重力值
+			out_obs[i] += (obsg.y*sin(obsp[i].arc) - obsg.x*cos(obsp[i].arc))*rho[j]; // 沿半径负方向的重力值
 		}
 	}
 	return;
@@ -803,9 +803,9 @@ void gobser_triangle2d_vx2(gctl::array<double> &out_obs, const gctl::array<gctl:
 		for (i = 0; i < o_size; i++)
 		{
 			obsc = obsp[i].p2c();
-			obsg.x = gkernel_triangle2d_vx_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
-			obsg.y = gkernel_triangle2d_vz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
-			out_obs[i] += (obsg.y*cos(obsp[i].arc) + obsg.x*sin(obsp[i].arc))*rho[j];
+			obsg.x = gkernel_triangle2d_vx_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc); // 沿x轴正方向的重力值
+			obsg.y = gkernel_triangle2d_vz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc); // 沿z轴负方向的重力值
+			out_obs[i] += (-1.0*obsg.y*cos(obsp[i].arc) + obsg.x*sin(obsp[i].arc))*rho[j]; // 沿弧度负方向的重力值
 		}
 	}
 	return;
@@ -836,8 +836,8 @@ void gobser_triangle2d_vxx2(gctl::array<double> &out_obs, const gctl::array<gctl
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_obs[i] += -1.0*(cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
+			out_obs[i] += (sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				- cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -867,8 +867,8 @@ void gobser_triangle2d_vxz2(gctl::array<double> &out_obs, const gctl::array<gctl
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_obs[i] += (sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
+			out_obs[i] += (-1.0*cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -898,8 +898,8 @@ void gobser_triangle2d_vzx2(gctl::array<double> &out_obs, const gctl::array<gctl
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_obs[i] += (cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
+			out_obs[i] += (sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				- cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -929,8 +929,8 @@ void gobser_triangle2d_vzz2(gctl::array<double> &out_obs, const gctl::array<gctl
 			t[1][1] = gkernel_triangle2d_vzz_sig(ele.get(j), &obsc);
 			t[0][0] = -1.0*t[1][1];
 			t[0][1] = t[1][0];
-			out_obs[i] += -1.0*(sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
-				+ cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[0][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) + t[1][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
+			out_obs[i] += (-1.0*cos(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][0]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][0]*cos(obsp[i].arc)) 
+				+ sin(obsp[i].arc)*(t[1][1]*sin(obsp[i].arc) - t[0][1]*cos(obsp[i].arc)))*rho[j];
 		}
 	}
 }