add numeric type hierarchy and issubdtype as well as a set_dtype meth… (#427)

* add numeric type hierarchy and issubdtype as well as a set_dtype method to nn.Module with predicate

numeric type hierarchy and issubtype is compatible to the [numpy hierarchy](220f0ab2c5/numpy/_core/numerictypes.py (L42)).

Closes #285.

* nits in docs

* unify type category checking

* nits in docs

* nits in docs

* more docs nits

* fix callable type

---------

Co-authored-by: Awni Hannun <awni@apple.com>

python/tests/test_ops.py

@@ -2026,6 +2026,40 @@ class TestOps(mlx_tests.MLXTestCase):
             self.assertEqual(mx_res.ndim, np_res.ndim)
             self.assertTrue(mx.all(mx.equal(mx_res, atleast_arrays[i])))
 
+    def test_issubdtype(self):
+        self.assertTrue(mx.issubdtype(mx.bfloat16, mx.inexact))
+
+        cats = [
+            "complexfloating",
+            "floating",
+            "inexact",
+            "signedinteger",
+            "unsignedinteger",
+            "integer",
+            "number",
+            "generic",
+            "bool_",
+            "uint8",
+            "uint16",
+            "uint32",
+            "uint64",
+            "int8",
+            "int16",
+            "int32",
+            "int64",
+            "float16",
+            "float32",
+            "complex64",
+        ]
+
+        for a in cats:
+            for b in cats:
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    mx.issubdtype(getattr(mx, a), getattr(mx, b)),
+                    np.issubdtype(getattr(np, a), getattr(np, b)),
+                    f"mx and np don't aggree on {a}, {b}",
+                )
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()