Transposed Convolution (#1245)

* initial implementation for conv_transpose

ran pre-commit

implemented conv_transpose

updated conv_general docstring

updated conv_general docstring

updated code comments

removed commented run_conv_checks

updated acknowledgments

added missing entry to ops.rst

added op to nn.layers

resolved merge conflicts

* removed ConvolutionTranspose primitive as suggested by reviewer

removed ConvolutionTranspose primitive as suggested by reviewer

* remove transpose flag, add another test

---------

Co-authored-by: Awni Hannun <awni@apple.com>

mlx/ops.h

@@ -1247,6 +1247,36 @@ array conv3d(
     int groups = 1,
     StreamOrDevice s = {});
 
+/** 1D transposed convolution with a filter */
+array conv_transpose1d(
+    const array& input,
+    const array& weight,
+    int stride = 1,
+    int padding = 0,
+    int dilation = 1,
+    int groups = 1,
+    StreamOrDevice s = {});
+
+/** 2D transposed convolution with a filter */
+array conv_transpose2d(
+    const array& input,
+    const array& weight,
+    const std::pair<int, int>& stride = {1, 1},
+    const std::pair<int, int>& padding = {0, 0},
+    const std::pair<int, int>& dilation = {1, 1},
+    int groups = 1,
+    StreamOrDevice s = {});
+
+/** 3D transposed convolution with a filter */
+array conv_transpose3d(
+    const array& input,
+    const array& weight,
+    const std::tuple<int, int, int>& stride = {1, 1, 1},
+    const std::tuple<int, int, int>& padding = {0, 0, 0},
+    const std::tuple<int, int, int>& dilation = {1, 1, 1},
+    int groups = 1,
+    StreamOrDevice s = {});
+
 /** Quantized matmul multiplies x with a quantized matrix w*/
 array quantized_matmul(
     const array& x,