bf16.h

Go to the documentation of this file.

// Copyright © 2023 Apple Inc.
 
#pragma once
 
#include <metal_stdlib>
 
using namespace metal;
 
#if (MLX_METAL_VERSION >= 310) || (__METAL_VERSION__ >= 310)
 
typedef bfloat bfloat16_t;
 
#else
 
// Helpers
 
constexpr METAL_FUNC uint16_t float_to_bfloat_bits(float x) {
  // Check for nan
  if ((as_type<uint32_t>(x) & ~_fp_encoding_traits<float>::sign_mask) >
      _fp_encoding_traits<float>::inf_mask) {
    return uint16_t(as_type<uint32_t>(0x7FC0));
  }
  // Take bits
  uint32_t float_bits = as_type<uint32_t>(x);
 
  // Round to nearest even
  float_bits += ((float_bits >> 16) & 1) + as_type<uint32_t>(0x7FFF);
 
  // Take upper 16 bits
  return float_bits >> 16;
}
 
constexpr METAL_FUNC float bfloat_bits_to_float(uint16_t x) {
  // Upper 16 bits are the data and lower 16 bits are 0s
  return as_type<float>((uint32_t)x << 16);
}
 
struct _MLX_BFloat16;
 
template <typename T>
static constexpr constant bool can_convert_to_bfloat =
    !is_same_v<T, _MLX_BFloat16> && is_convertible_v<T, float>;
 
template <typename T>
static constexpr constant bool can_convert_from_bfloat =
    !is_same_v<T, _MLX_BFloat16> && is_convertible_v<float, T>;
 
// Bfloat struct
 
struct _MLX_BFloat16 {
  // Constructors
  uint16_t bits_;
  _MLX_BFloat16() thread = default;
  _MLX_BFloat16() threadgroup = default;
  _MLX_BFloat16() device = default;
  _MLX_BFloat16() constant = default;
 
  struct bits_to_bfloat_struct {};
  static constexpr METAL_FUNC bits_to_bfloat_struct bits_to_bfloat() {
    return bits_to_bfloat_struct();
  }
  constexpr METAL_FUNC _MLX_BFloat16(uint16_t bits, bits_to_bfloat_struct)
      : bits_(bits) {}
 
  // Conversions to bfloat
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_to_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC _MLX_BFloat16(T x) thread
      : bits_(float_to_bfloat_bits(static_cast<float>(x))) {}
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_to_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC _MLX_BFloat16(T x) threadgroup
      : bits_(float_to_bfloat_bits(static_cast<float>(x))) {}
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_to_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC _MLX_BFloat16(T x) device
      : bits_(float_to_bfloat_bits(static_cast<float>(x))) {}
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_to_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC _MLX_BFloat16(T x) constant
      : bits_(float_to_bfloat_bits(static_cast<float>(x))) {}
 
  // Conversions from bfloat
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_from_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC operator T() const thread {
    return static_cast<T>(bfloat_bits_to_float(bits_));
  }
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_from_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC operator T() const threadgroup {
    return static_cast<T>(bfloat_bits_to_float(bits_));
  }
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_from_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC operator T() const device {
    return static_cast<T>(bfloat_bits_to_float(bits_));
  }
 
  template <
      typename T,
      typename = typename enable_if<can_convert_from_bfloat<T>>::type>
  constexpr METAL_FUNC operator T() const constant {
    return static_cast<T>(bfloat_bits_to_float(bits_));
  }
};
 
// Bfloat operators
 
// Unary ops
constexpr METAL_FUNC _MLX_BFloat16 operator-(_MLX_BFloat16 x) {
  return -static_cast<float>(x);
}
 
// Binary operators
#define bfloat_binop_base(__op__, __operator__, otype, atype, btype, ctype) \
  constexpr METAL_FUNC otype __operator__(atype lhs, btype rhs) {           \
    return static_cast<ctype>(lhs) __op__ static_cast<ctype>(rhs);          \
  }
 
#define bfloat_binop_helper(__op__, __operator__, otype, itype, ctype)    \
  constexpr METAL_FUNC otype __operator__(_MLX_BFloat16 lhs, itype rhs) { \
    return static_cast<ctype>(lhs) __op__ static_cast<ctype>(rhs);        \
  }                                                                       \
  constexpr METAL_FUNC otype __operator__(itype lhs, _MLX_BFloat16 rhs) { \
    return static_cast<ctype>(lhs) __op__ static_cast<ctype>(rhs);        \
  }
 
// Arithmetic Operators
#define bfloat_binop(_op_, _operator_)                                       \
  bfloat_binop_base(                                                         \
      _op_, _operator_, _MLX_BFloat16, _MLX_BFloat16, _MLX_BFloat16, float); \
  bfloat_binop_helper(_op_, _operator_, float, float, float);                \
  bfloat_binop_helper(_op_, _operator_, float, half, float);                 \
  bfloat_binop_helper(_op_, _operator_, _MLX_BFloat16, int32_t, float);      \
  bfloat_binop_helper(_op_, _operator_, _MLX_BFloat16, uint32_t, float);     \
  bfloat_binop_helper(_op_, _operator_, _MLX_BFloat16, int64_t, float);      \
  bfloat_binop_helper(_op_, _operator_, _MLX_BFloat16, uint64_t, float);
 
bfloat_binop(+, operator+);
bfloat_binop(-, operator-);
bfloat_binop(*, operator*);
bfloat_binop(/, operator/);
 
// Comparison ops
#define bfloat_compop(__op__, __operator__)                             \
  bfloat_binop_base(                                                    \
      __op__, __operator__, bool, _MLX_BFloat16, _MLX_BFloat16, float); \
  bfloat_binop_helper(__op__, __operator__, bool, float, float);        \
  bfloat_binop_helper(__op__, __operator__, bool, half, float);         \
  bfloat_binop_helper(__op__, __operator__, bool, int32_t, float);      \
  bfloat_binop_helper(__op__, __operator__, bool, uint32_t, float);     \
  bfloat_binop_helper(__op__, __operator__, bool, int64_t, float);      \
  bfloat_binop_helper(__op__, __operator__, bool, uint64_t, float);
 
bfloat_compop(>, operator>);
bfloat_compop(<, operator<);
bfloat_compop(>=, operator>=);
bfloat_compop(<=, operator<=);
bfloat_compop(==, operator==);
bfloat_compop(!=, operator!=);
 
#undef bfloat_compop
#undef bfloat_binop_base
#undef bfloat_binop_helper
#undef bfloat_binop
 
// Inplace Operators
#define bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, itype, addr_space) \
  constexpr METAL_FUNC addr_space _MLX_BFloat16& __operator__(            \
      addr_space _MLX_BFloat16& lhs, itype rhs) {                         \
    lhs = static_cast<float>(lhs) __op__ static_cast<float>(rhs);         \
    return lhs;                                                           \
  }                                                                       \
  constexpr METAL_FUNC addr_space itype& __operator__(                    \
      addr_space itype& lhs, _MLX_BFloat16 rhs) {                         \
    lhs = static_cast<float>(lhs) __op__ static_cast<float>(rhs);         \
    return lhs;                                                           \
  }
 
#define bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(__op__, __operator__, itype) \
  bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, itype, device);         \
  bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, itype, thread);         \
  bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, itype, threadgroup);
 
#define bfloat_inplace_op(itype)                             \
  bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(+, operator+=, itype); \
  bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(-, operator-=, itype); \
  bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(*, operator*=, itype); \
  bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(/, operator/=, itype);
 
bfloat_inplace_op(float);
bfloat_inplace_op(half);
bfloat_inplace_op(int16_t);
bfloat_inplace_op(int32_t);
bfloat_inplace_op(int64_t);
bfloat_inplace_op(uint16_t);
bfloat_inplace_op(uint32_t);
bfloat_inplace_op(uint64_t);
 
#undef bfloat_inplace_op_helper
#undef bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper
#undef bfloat_inplace_op
 
#define bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, addr_space) \
  constexpr METAL_FUNC addr_space _MLX_BFloat16& __operator__(     \
      addr_space _MLX_BFloat16& lhs, _MLX_BFloat16 rhs) {          \
    lhs = static_cast<float>(lhs) __op__ static_cast<float>(rhs);  \
    return lhs;                                                    \
  }
 
#define bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(__op__, __operator__) \
  bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, device);         \
  bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, thread);         \
  bfloat_inplace_op_helper(__op__, __operator__, threadgroup);
 
bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(+, operator+=);
bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(-, operator-=);
bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(*, operator*=);
bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper(/, operator/=);
 
#undef bfloat_inplace_op_helper
#undef bfloat_inplace_op_addr_space_helper
 
// Bfloat typedef
 
typedef struct _MLX_BFloat16 bfloat16_t;
 
// Bfloat numeric limits
 
#pragma METAL internals : enable
 
namespace metal {
 
template <>
struct _numeric_limits_impl<bfloat16_t> : _fp_numeric_limits_impl_base {
  static constexpr constant int digits = 8;
  static constexpr constant int digits10 = 2;
  static constexpr constant int max_digits10 = 4;
  static constexpr constant int radix = 2;
  static constexpr constant int min_exponent = -125;
  static constexpr constant int min_exponent10 = -37;
  static constexpr constant int max_exponent = 128;
  static constexpr constant int max_exponent10 = 38;
 
  static constexpr bfloat16_t min() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x0080, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t lowest() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0xFF7F, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t max() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x7F7F, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t epsilon() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x3C00, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t round_error() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x3F00, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t infinity() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x7F80, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t quiet_NaN() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x7FC0, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t signaling_NaN() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x7F80, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
  static constexpr bfloat16_t denorm_min() {
    return _MLX_BFloat16(0x0001, _MLX_BFloat16::bits_to_bfloat());
  }
};
 
METAL_FUNC bool isnan(_MLX_BFloat16 x) {
  return x != x;
}
 
} // namespace metal
 
#pragma METAL internals : disable
 
#endif
 
#include "mlx/backend/metal/kernels/bf16_math.h"