mlx/mlx/backend/common/quantized.cpp
Alex Barron c79f6a4a8c
3 and 6 bit quantization (#1613)
* Support 3 and 6 bit quantization
2024-11-22 10:22:13 -08:00

566 lines
16 KiB
C++

// Copyright © 2023 Apple Inc.
#include <cassert>
#include "mlx/backend/common/copy.h"
#include "mlx/backend/common/ops.h"
#include "mlx/fast_primitives.h"
#include "mlx/primitives.h"
#include "mlx/utils.h"
namespace mlx::core {
namespace {
template <typename T, int bits>
void extract_bits(const uint8_t* w_in, T* w_out) {
assert(bits == 3 || bits == 6);
if (bits == 3) {
w_out[0] = static_cast<T>(w_in[0] & 0x7);
w_out[1] = static_cast<T>((w_in[0] & 0x38) >> 3);
w_out[2] = static_cast<T>(((w_in[0] & 0xc0) >> 6) + ((w_in[1] & 0x1) << 2));
w_out[3] = static_cast<T>((w_in[1] & 0xe) >> 1);
w_out[4] = static_cast<T>((w_in[1] & 0x70) >> 4);
w_out[5] = static_cast<T>(((w_in[1] & 0x80) >> 7) + ((w_in[2] & 0x3) << 1));
w_out[6] = static_cast<T>((w_in[2] & 0x1c) >> 2);
w_out[7] = static_cast<T>((w_in[2] & 0xe0) >> 5);
} else if (bits == 6) {
w_out[0] = static_cast<T>(w_in[0] & 0x3f);
w_out[1] =
static_cast<T>(((w_in[0] >> 6) & 0x03) + ((w_in[1] & 0x0f) << 2));
w_out[2] =
static_cast<T>(((w_in[1] >> 4) & 0x0f) + ((w_in[2] & 0x03) << 4));
w_out[3] = static_cast<T>((w_in[2] >> 2) & 0x3f);
}
}
template <typename T, int bits, int group_size>
void _qmm(
T* result,
const T* x,
const uint32_t* w,
const T* scales,
const T* biases,
int M,
int N,
int K) {
constexpr int bitmask = (1 << bits) - 1;
constexpr int pack_factor = bits == 3 ? 8 : bits == 6 ? 4 : 8 / bits;
constexpr int bytes_per_pack = (bits == 3 || bits == 6) ? 3 : 1;
constexpr int packs_in_group = group_size / pack_factor;
for (int m = 0; m < M; m++) {
const uint8_t* w_local = (const uint8_t*)w;
const T* scales_local = scales;
const T* biases_local = biases;
std::fill(result, result + N, 0);
for (int k = 0; k < K; k++) {
T* result_local = result;
T xi = *x++;
for (int n = 0; n < N; n += group_size) {
T scale = *scales_local++;
T bias = *biases_local++;
for (int ng = 0; ng < packs_in_group; ng++) {
if (bits == 3 || bits == 6) {
T wl[pack_factor];
extract_bits<T, bits>(w_local, wl);
#pragma clang loop unroll(full)
for (int p = 0; p < pack_factor; p++) {
(*result_local++) += xi * (scale * wl[p] + bias);
}
w_local += bytes_per_pack;
} else {
uint8_t wi = *w_local++;
#pragma clang loop unroll(full)
for (int p = 0; p < pack_factor; p++) {
(*result_local++) +=
xi * (scale * static_cast<T>(wi & bitmask) + bias);
if (bits != 8) {
wi >>= bits;
}
}
}
}
}
}
result += N;
}
}
template <typename T, int bits, int group_size>
void _qmm_t(
T* result,
const T* x,
const uint32_t* w,
const T* scales,
const T* biases,
int M,
int N,
int K) {
constexpr int bitmask = (1 << bits) - 1;
constexpr int pack_factor = bits == 3 ? 8 : bits == 6 ? 4 : 8 / bits;
constexpr int bytes_per_pack = (bits == 3 || bits == 6) ? 3 : 1;
constexpr int packs_in_group = group_size / pack_factor;
for (int m = 0; m < M; m++) {
const uint8_t* w_local = (const uint8_t*)w;
const T* scales_local = scales;
const T* biases_local = biases;
for (int n = 0; n < N; n++) {
const T* x_local = x;
T sum = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < K; k += group_size) {
T scale = *scales_local++;
T bias = *biases_local++;
for (int kw = 0; kw < packs_in_group; kw++) {
if (bits == 3 || bits == 6) {
T wl[pack_factor];
extract_bits<T, bits>(w_local, wl);
#pragma clang loop unroll(full)
for (int p = 0; p < pack_factor; p++) {
sum += x_local[p] * (scale * wl[p] + bias);
}
w_local += bytes_per_pack;
x_local += pack_factor;
} else {
uint8_t wi = *w_local++;
#pragma clang loop unroll(full)
for (int p = 0; p < pack_factor; p++) {
sum +=
(*x_local++) * (scale * static_cast<T>(wi & bitmask) + bias);
if (bits != 8) {
wi >>= bits;
}
}
}
}
}
*result = sum;
result++;
}
x += K;
}
}
template <typename T, int bits, int group_size>
void _qmm_dispatch_transpose(
T* result,
const T* x,
const uint32_t* w,
const T* scales,
const T* biases,
int M,
int N,
int K,
bool transposed_w) {
if (transposed_w) {
return _qmm_t<T, bits, group_size>(result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K);
} else {
return _qmm<T, bits, group_size>(result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K);
}
}
template <typename T, int bits>
void _qmm_dispatch_group(
T* result,
const T* x,
const uint32_t* w,
const T* scales,
const T* biases,
int M,
int N,
int K,
int group_size,
bool transposed_w) {
switch (group_size) {
case 32:
_qmm_dispatch_transpose<T, bits, 32>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, transposed_w);
break;
case 64:
_qmm_dispatch_transpose<T, bits, 64>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, transposed_w);
break;
case 128:
_qmm_dispatch_transpose<T, bits, 128>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, transposed_w);
break;
default:
throw std::invalid_argument(
"Quantization group size must be 32, 64 or 128.");
}
}
template <typename T>
void _qmm_dispatch_typed(
T* result,
const T* x,
const uint32_t* w,
const T* scales,
const T* biases,
int M,
int N,
int K,
int group_size,
int bits,
bool transposed_w) {
switch (bits) {
case 2:
_qmm_dispatch_group<T, 2>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, group_size, transposed_w);
break;
case 3:
_qmm_dispatch_group<T, 3>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, group_size, transposed_w);
break;
case 4:
_qmm_dispatch_group<T, 4>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, group_size, transposed_w);
break;
case 6:
_qmm_dispatch_group<T, 6>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, group_size, transposed_w);
break;
case 8:
_qmm_dispatch_group<T, 8>(
result, x, w, scales, biases, M, N, K, group_size, transposed_w);
break;
default:
throw std::invalid_argument("Quantization bits must be 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8.");
}
}
void _qmm_dispatch(
array& out,
const array& x,
const array& w,
const array& scales,
const array& biases,
int bits,
int group_size,
bool transposed_w) {
int K = x.shape(-1);
int M = x.shape(-2);
int N = out.shape(-1);
int w_els = w.ndim() > 2 ? w.shape(-1) * w.shape(-2) : 0;
int g_els = w.ndim() > 2 ? scales.shape(-1) * scales.shape(-2) : 0;
int batch_size = x.size() / x.shape(-1) / x.shape(-2);
for (int i = 0; i < batch_size; i++) {
switch (x.dtype()) {
case float32:
_qmm_dispatch_typed<float>(
out.data<float>() + i * M * N,
x.data<float>() + elem_to_loc(i * M * K, x),
w.data<uint32_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * w_els, w),
scales.data<float>() + elem_to_loc(i * g_els, scales),
biases.data<float>() + elem_to_loc(i * g_els, biases),
M,
N,
K,
bits,
group_size,
transposed_w);
break;
case float16:
_qmm_dispatch_typed<float16_t>(
out.data<float16_t>() + i * M * N,
x.data<float16_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * M * K, x),
w.data<uint32_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * w_els, w),
scales.data<float16_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * g_els, scales),
biases.data<float16_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * g_els, biases),
M,
N,
K,
bits,
group_size,
transposed_w);
break;
case bfloat16:
_qmm_dispatch_typed<bfloat16_t>(
out.data<bfloat16_t>() + i * M * N,
x.data<bfloat16_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * M * K, x),
w.data<uint32_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * w_els, w),
scales.data<bfloat16_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * g_els, scales),
biases.data<bfloat16_t>() + elem_to_loc(i * g_els, biases),
M,
N,
K,
bits,
group_size,
transposed_w);
break;
default:
throw std::invalid_argument(
"[quantized_matmul] only floating types are supported");
}
}
}
void _bs_qmm_dispatch(
array& out,
const array& x,
const array& w,
const array& scales,
const array& biases,
const array& lhs_indices,
const array& rhs_indices,
int bits,
int group_size,
bool transposed_w) {
int K = x.shape(-1);
int M = x.shape(-2);
int N = out.shape(-1);
int w_els = w.shape(-1) * w.shape(-2);
int g_els = scales.shape(-1) * scales.shape(-2);
const uint32_t* lhs_indices_data = lhs_indices.data<uint32_t>();
const uint32_t* rhs_indices_data = rhs_indices.data<uint32_t>();
for (int i = 0; i < lhs_indices.size(); i++) {
int x_idx = lhs_indices_data[elem_to_loc(i, lhs_indices)];
int w_idx = rhs_indices_data[elem_to_loc(i, rhs_indices)];
switch (x.dtype()) {
case float32:
_qmm_dispatch_typed<float>(
out.data<float>() + i * M * N,
x.data<float>() + elem_to_loc(x_idx * M * K, x),
w.data<uint32_t>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * w_els, w),
scales.data<float>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * g_els, scales),
biases.data<float>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * g_els, biases),
M,
N,
K,
bits,
group_size,
transposed_w);
break;
case float16:
_qmm_dispatch_typed<float16_t>(
out.data<float16_t>() + i * M * N,
x.data<float16_t>() + elem_to_loc(x_idx * M * K, x),
w.data<uint32_t>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * w_els, w),
scales.data<float16_t>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * g_els, scales),
biases.data<float16_t>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * g_els, biases),
M,
N,
K,
bits,
group_size,
transposed_w);
break;
case bfloat16:
_qmm_dispatch_typed<bfloat16_t>(
out.data<bfloat16_t>() + i * M * N,
x.data<bfloat16_t>() + elem_to_loc(x_idx * M * K, x),
w.data<uint32_t>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * w_els, w),
scales.data<bfloat16_t>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * g_els, scales),
biases.data<bfloat16_t>() + elem_to_loc(w_idx * g_els, biases),
M,
N,
K,
bits,
group_size,
transposed_w);
break;
default:
throw std::invalid_argument(
"[quantized_matmul] only floating types are supported");
}
}
}
} // namespace
void QuantizedMatmul::eval(const std::vector<array>& inputs, array& out) {
assert(inputs.size() == 4);
auto& x_pre = inputs[0];
auto& w_pre = inputs[1];
auto& scales_pre = inputs[2];
auto& biases_pre = inputs[3];
auto ensure_row_contiguous = [](const array& arr) {
if (arr.flags().row_contiguous) {
return arr;
} else {
array arr_copy(arr.shape(), arr.dtype(), nullptr, {});
copy(arr, arr_copy, CopyType::General);
return arr_copy;
}
};
auto x = ensure_row_contiguous(x_pre);
auto w = ensure_row_contiguous(w_pre);
auto scales = ensure_row_contiguous(scales_pre);
auto biases = ensure_row_contiguous(biases_pre);
out.set_data(allocator::malloc_or_wait(out.nbytes()));
_qmm_dispatch(out, x, w, scales, biases, group_size_, bits_, transpose_);
}
void GatherQMM::eval(const std::vector<array>& inputs, array& out) {
assert(inputs.size() == 6);
auto& x_pre = inputs[0];
auto& w_pre = inputs[1];
auto& scales_pre = inputs[2];
auto& biases_pre = inputs[3];
auto& lhs_indices = inputs[4];
auto& rhs_indices = inputs[5];
auto ensure_row_contiguous_last_dims = [](const array& arr) {
auto stride_0 = arr.strides()[arr.ndim() - 2];
auto stride_1 = arr.strides()[arr.ndim() - 1];
if (stride_0 == arr.shape(-1) && stride_1 == 1) {
return arr;
} else {
array arr_copy(arr.shape(), arr.dtype(), nullptr, {});
copy(arr, arr_copy, CopyType::General);
return arr_copy;
}
};
auto x = ensure_row_contiguous_last_dims(x_pre);
auto w = ensure_row_contiguous_last_dims(w_pre);
auto scales = ensure_row_contiguous_last_dims(scales_pre);
auto biases = ensure_row_contiguous_last_dims(biases_pre);
out.set_data(allocator::malloc_or_wait(out.nbytes()));
_bs_qmm_dispatch(
out,
x,
w,
scales,
biases,
lhs_indices,
rhs_indices,
group_size_,
bits_,
transpose_);
}
template <typename T, typename U>
void quantize(
const array& w_,
array& out_,
array& scales_,
array& biases_,
int bits,
int group_size) {
const T* w = w_.data<T>();
auto out = out_.data<U>();
T* scales = scales_.data<T>();
T* biases = biases_.data<T>();
T n_bins = (1 << bits) - 1;
T eps = 1e-7;
bool power_of_2_bits = is_power_of_2(bits);
int el_per_int = bits == 3 ? 8 : bits == 6 ? 4 : 32 / bits;
// For 3/6 bits we read 3 uint8s at a time instead of 1 uint32
int bytes_per_pack = power_of_2_bits ? 1 : 3;
int int_per_group = group_size * bytes_per_pack / el_per_int;
size_t n_groups = w_.size() / group_size;
for (size_t i = 0; i < n_groups; ++i) {
size_t w_idx = i * group_size;
T w_min = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
T w_max = -w_min;
for (int j = 0; j < group_size; ++j) {
w_max = std::max(w_max, w[w_idx + j]);
w_min = std::min(w_min, w[w_idx + j]);
}
bool mask = std::abs(w_min) > std::abs(w_max);
T scale = std::max(T((w_max - w_min) / n_bins), eps);
scale = mask ? scale : -scale;
auto edge = mask ? w_min : w_max;
auto q0 = std::rint(edge / scale);
if (q0 == 0) {
scales[i] = scale;
biases[i] = 0;
} else {
scales[i] = edge / q0;
biases[i] = edge;
}
size_t out_idx = i * int_per_group;
for (int j = 0; j < int_per_group / bytes_per_pack; ++j) {
uint32_t out_el = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < el_per_int; ++k) {
T w_el = w[w_idx + j * el_per_int + k];
w_el = std::rint((w_el - biases[i]) / scales[i]);
w_el = std::min(std::max(w_el, T(0)), n_bins);
out_el |= static_cast<uint32_t>(w_el) << (k * bits);
}
if (power_of_2_bits) {
out[out_idx + j] = out_el;
} else {
out[out_idx + bytes_per_pack * j] = out_el & 0xff;
out[out_idx + bytes_per_pack * j + 1] = (out_el & 0xff00) >> 8;
out[out_idx + bytes_per_pack * j + 2] = (out_el & 0xff0000) >> 16;
}
}
}
}
void fast::AffineQuantize::eval_cpu(
const std::vector<array>& inputs,
std::vector<array>& outputs) {
auto ensure_row_contiguous = [](const array& arr) {
if (arr.flags().row_contiguous) {
return arr;
} else {
array arr_copy(arr.shape(), arr.dtype(), nullptr, {});
copy(arr, arr_copy, CopyType::General);
return arr_copy;
}
};
auto w = ensure_row_contiguous(inputs[0]);
auto& out = outputs[0];
out.set_data(allocator::malloc_or_wait(out.nbytes()));
auto& scales = outputs[1];
auto& biases = outputs[2];
scales.set_data(allocator::malloc_or_wait(scales.nbytes()));
biases.set_data(allocator::malloc_or_wait(biases.nbytes()));
if (w.dtype() == float16) {
if (is_power_of_2(bits_)) {
quantize<float16_t, uint32_t>(w, out, scales, biases, bits_, group_size_);
} else {
quantize<float16_t, uint8_t>(w, out, scales, biases, bits_, group_size_);
}
} else if (w.dtype() == bfloat16) {
if (is_power_of_2(bits_)) {
quantize<bfloat16_t, uint32_t>(
w, out, scales, biases, bits_, group_size_);
} else {
quantize<bfloat16_t, uint8_t>(w, out, scales, biases, bits_, group_size_);
}
} else if (w.dtype() == float32) {
if (is_power_of_2(bits_)) {
quantize<float, uint32_t>(w, out, scales, biases, bits_, group_size_);
} else {
quantize<float, uint8_t>(w, out, scales, biases, bits_, group_size_);
}
} else {
throw std::runtime_error(
"[fast::AffineQuantize::eval_cpu] Only supports floating point inputs");
}
}
} // namespace mlx::core