containers: add ubuntu 24.04 (#43881)

* containers: add ubuntu 24.04

* containers: use python3-boto3 pkg instead of pip install

share/spack/templates/container/ubuntu_2404.dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{% extends "container/bootstrap-base.dockerfile" %}
+{% block env_vars %}
+{{ super() }}
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive   \
+    LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8 \
+    LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
+    LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
+{% endblock %}
+{% block install_os_packages %}
+RUN apt-get -yqq update \
+ && apt-get -yqq upgrade \
+ && apt-get -yqq install --no-install-recommends \
+        build-essential \
+        ca-certificates \
+        curl \
+        file \
+        g++ \
+        gcc \
+        gfortran \
+        git \
+        gnupg2 \
+        iproute2 \
+        locales \
+        make \
+        mercurial \
+        subversion \
+        python3 \
+        python3-boto3 \
+        unzip \
+        zstd \
+ && locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 \
+ && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+{% endblock %}