Add latest version of bazel (#13813)

* use bazel commit in #13112, and add version 0.24.1, and corresponding cc_env patch

* undo preferred java version by dodo47

* patch for v0.26

* Update install steps

* Add patches for more versions

* Add unit tests

* Update patches for new Spack env vars

* env is already defined, use spackEnv

var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/bazel/bazelruleclassprovider-0.14.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/rules/BazelRuleClassProvider.java
++++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/bazel/rules/BazelRuleClassProvider.java
+@@ -168,6 +168,13 @@ public class BazelRuleClassProvider {
+       env.put("PATH", null);
+     }
+ 
++    Map<String, String> spackEnv = System.getenv();
++    for (String envName : spackEnv.keySet()) {
++      if (envName.startsWith("SPACK_")) {
++        env.put(envName, spackEnv.get(envName));
++      }
++    }
++
+     // Shell environment variables specified via options take precedence over the
+     // ones inherited from the fragments. In the long run, these fragments will
+     // be replaced by appropriate default rc files anyway.