Windows: fix bootstrap and package install failure (#32942)

* Add patches for building clingo with MSVC
* Help python find clingo DLL
* If an executable is located in "C:\Program Files", Executable was
  running into issues with the extra space. This quotes the exe
  to ensure that it is treated as a single value.

Signed-off-by: Kiruya Momochi <65301509+KiruyaMomochi@users.noreply.github.com>

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap.py

@@ -91,6 +91,14 @@ def _try_import_from_store(module, query_spec, query_info=None):
             os.path.join(candidate_spec.prefix, pkg.platlib),
         ]  # type: list[str]
         path_before = list(sys.path)
+
+        # Python 3.8+ on Windows does not search dependent DLLs in PATH,
+        # so we need to manually add it using os.add_dll_directory
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#bpo-36085-whatsnew
+        if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8) and sys.platform == "win32":
+            if os.path.isdir(candidate_spec.prefix.bin):
+                os.add_dll_directory(candidate_spec.prefix.bin)  # novermin
+
         # NOTE: try module_paths first and last, last allows an existing version in path
         # to be picked up and used, possibly depending on something in the store, first
         # allows the bootstrap version to work when an incompatible version is in

lib/spack/spack/util/executable.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import sys
 
 from six import string_types, text_type
+from six.moves import shlex_quote
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ def which(*args, **kwargs):
         Executable: The first executable that is found in the path
     """
     exe = which_string(*args, **kwargs)
-    return Executable(exe) if exe else None
+    return Executable(shlex_quote(exe)) if exe else None
 
 
 class ProcessError(spack.error.SpackError):