Windows: fix bootstrap and package install failure (#32942)

* Add patches for building clingo with MSVC
* Help python find clingo DLL
* If an executable is located in "C:\Program Files", Executable was
  running into issues with the extra space. This quotes the exe
  to ensure that it is treated as a single value.

Signed-off-by: Kiruya Momochi <65301509+KiruyaMomochi@users.noreply.github.com>

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap.py

@@ -91,6 +91,14 @@ def _try_import_from_store(module, query_spec, query_info=None):
             os.path.join(candidate_spec.prefix, pkg.platlib),
         ]  # type: list[str]
         path_before = list(sys.path)
+
+        # Python 3.8+ on Windows does not search dependent DLLs in PATH,
+        # so we need to manually add it using os.add_dll_directory
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.8.html#bpo-36085-whatsnew
+        if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8) and sys.platform == "win32":
+            if os.path.isdir(candidate_spec.prefix.bin):
+                os.add_dll_directory(candidate_spec.prefix.bin)  # novermin
+
         # NOTE: try module_paths first and last, last allows an existing version in path
         # to be picked up and used, possibly depending on something in the store, first
         # allows the bootstrap version to work when an incompatible version is in

lib/spack/spack/util/executable.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import sys
 
 from six import string_types, text_type
+from six.moves import shlex_quote
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ def which(*args, **kwargs):
         Executable: The first executable that is found in the path
     """
     exe = which_string(*args, **kwargs)
-    return Executable(exe) if exe else None
+    return Executable(shlex_quote(exe)) if exe else None
 
 
 class ProcessError(spack.error.SpackError):

var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/clingo/package.py

@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@ class Clingo(CMakePackage):
         depends_on("py-cffi", type=("build", "run"), when="@5.5.0: platform=cray")
 
     patch("python38.patch", when="@5.3:5.4.0")
+    patch("size-t.patch", when="%msvc")
+    patch("vs2022.patch", when="%msvc@19.30:")
 
     def patch(self):
         # Doxygen is optional but can't be disabled with a -D, so patch

var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/clingo/size-t.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+diff --git a/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc b/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc
+index ec4a33c..88b6669 100644
+--- a/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc
++++ b/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc
+@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ struct ObjectProtocoll {
+     Object call(char const *name, Args &&... args);
+     template <class... Args>
+     Object operator()(Args &&... args);
+-    ssize_t size();
++    Py_ssize_t size();
+     bool empty() { return size() == 0; }
+     Object getItem(Reference o);
+     Object getItem(char const *key);
+@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Object ObjectProtocoll<T>::operator()(Args &&... args) {
+     return PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(toPy_(), Reference(args).toPy()..., nullptr);
+ }
+ template <class T>
+-ssize_t ObjectProtocoll<T>::size() {
++Py_ssize_t ObjectProtocoll<T>::size() {
+     auto ret = PyObject_Size(toPy_());
+     if (PyErr_Occurred()) { throw PyException(); }
+     return ret;

var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/clingo/vs2022.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+diff --git a/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc b/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc
+index 88b6669..58e73bd 100644
+--- a/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc
++++ b/libpyclingo/pyclingo.cc
+@@ -25,6 +25,13 @@
+ // NOTE: the python header has a linker pragma to link with python_d.lib
+ //       when _DEBUG is set which is not part of official python releases
+ #if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG) && !defined(CLINGO_UNDEF__DEBUG)
++// Workaround for a VS 2022 issue.
++// NOTE: This workaround knowingly violates the Python.h include order requirement:
++// https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/intro.html#include-files
++#   include <yvals.h>
++# if _MSVC_STL_VERSION >= 143
++#   include <crtdefs.h>
++# endif
+ #undef _DEBUG
+ #include <Python.h>
+ #define _DEBUG