Fix broken links in docs (#35582)

lib/spack/docs/.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ llnl*.rst
 _build
 .spack-env
 spack.lock
+_spack_root

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/pythonpackage.rst

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ If the ``pyproject.toml`` lists ``mesonpy`` as the ``build-backend``,
 it uses the meson build system. Meson uses the default
 ``pyproject.toml`` keys to list dependencies.
 
-See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage/start.html
+See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/introduction.html
 for more information.
 
 """

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/wafpackage.rst

@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ Testing
 ``WafPackage`` also provides ``test`` and ``installtest`` methods,
 which are run after the ``build`` and ``install`` phases, respectively.
 By default, these phases do nothing, but you can override them to
-run package-specific unit tests. For example, the
-`py-py2cairo <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/py-py2cairo/package.py>`_
-package uses:
+run package-specific unit tests.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 

lib/spack/docs/config_yaml.rst

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ and location. (See the *Configuration settings* section of ``man
 ccache`` to learn more about the default settings and how to change
 them). Please note that we currently disable ccache's ``hash_dir``
 feature to avoid an issue with the stage directory (see
-https://github.com/LLNL/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
+https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
 
 -----------------------
 ``shared_linking:type``

lib/spack/docs/contribution_guide.rst

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ make another change, test that change, etc.  We use `pytest
 <http://pytest.org/>`_ as our tests framework, and these types of
 arguments are just passed to the ``pytest`` command underneath. See `the
 pytest docs
-<http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_
+<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
 for more details on test selection syntax.
 
 ``spack unit-test`` has a few special options that can help you
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ you want to know about.  For example, to see just the tests in
 
 You can also combine any of these options with a ``pytest`` keyword
 search.  See the `pytest usage docs
-<https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_:
+<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
 for more details on test selection syntax. For example, to see the names of all tests that have "spec"
 or "concretize" somewhere in their names:
 

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ be present on the machine where Spack is run:
    :header-rows: 1
 
 These requirements can be easily installed on most modern Linux systems;
-on macOS, the Command Line Tools package is required, and a full XCode suite 
+on macOS, the Command Line Tools package is required, and a full XCode suite
 may be necessary for some packages such as Qt and apple-gl. Spack is designed
 to run on HPC platforms like Cray.  Not all packages should be expected
 to work on all platforms.
@@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ Spack On Windows
 
 Windows support for Spack is currently under development. While this work is still in an early stage,
 it is currently possible to set up Spack and perform a few operations on Windows.  This section will guide
-you through the steps needed to install Spack and start running it on a fresh Windows machine. 
+you through the steps needed to install Spack and start running it on a fresh Windows machine.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Step 1: Install prerequisites
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ To use Spack on Windows, you will need the following packages:
 
 Required:
 * Microsoft Visual Studio
-* Python 
+* Python
 * Git
 
 Optional:
@@ -1547,8 +1547,8 @@ Intel Fortran
 """""""""""""
 
 For Fortran-based packages on Windows, we strongly recommend Intel's oneAPI Fortran compilers.
-The suite is free to download from Intel's website, located at 
-https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html#gs.70t5tw.
+The suite is free to download from Intel's website, located at
+https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html.
 The executable of choice for Spack will be Intel's Beta Compiler, ifx, which supports the classic
 compiler's (ifort's) frontend and runtime libraries by using LLVM.
 

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ Go
 ^^
 
 Go isn't a VCS, it is a programming language with a builtin command,
-`go get <https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Download_and_install_packages_and_dependencies>`_,
+`go get <https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/go#hdr-Add_dependencies_to_current_module_and_install_them>`_,
 that fetches packages and their dependencies automatically.
 The destination directory will be the standard stage source path.
 
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ dynamic loader where to find its dependencies at runtime. You may be
 familiar with `LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 <http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html>`_
 on Linux or `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
-<https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/dyld.1.html>`_
+<https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man3/dyld.3.html>`_
 on Mac OS X.  RPATH is similar to these paths, in that it tells
 the loader where to find libraries.  Unlike them, it is embedded in
 the binary and not set in each user's environment.
@@ -2429,7 +2429,7 @@ package, and a `canonical hash <https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/28156>`_ of
 the ``package.py`` recipes). ``test`` dependencies do not affect the package
 hash, as they are only used to construct a test environment *after* building and
 installing a given package installation. Older versions of Spack did not include
-build dependencies in the hash, but this has been 
+build dependencies in the hash, but this has been
 `fixed <https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/28504>`_ as of |Spack v0.18|_.
 
 .. |Spack v0.18| replace:: Spack ``v0.18``

lib/spack/llnl/util/multiproc.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class Barrier:
 
     Python 2 doesn't have multiprocessing barriers so we implement this.
 
-    See http://greenteapress.com/semaphores/downey08semaphores.pdf, p. 41.
+    See https://greenteapress.com/semaphores/LittleBookOfSemaphores.pdf, p. 41.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, n, timeout=None):