Fix broken links in docs (#35582)

lib/spack/docs/.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ llnl*.rst
 _build
 .spack-env
 spack.lock
+_spack_root

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/pythonpackage.rst

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ If the ``pyproject.toml`` lists ``mesonpy`` as the ``build-backend``,
 it uses the meson build system. Meson uses the default
 ``pyproject.toml`` keys to list dependencies.
 
-See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage/start.html
+See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/introduction.html
 for more information.
 
 """

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/wafpackage.rst

@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ Testing
 ``WafPackage`` also provides ``test`` and ``installtest`` methods,
 which are run after the ``build`` and ``install`` phases, respectively.
 By default, these phases do nothing, but you can override them to
-run package-specific unit tests. For example, the
+run package-specific unit tests.
-`py-py2cairo <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/py-py2cairo/package.py>`_
-package uses:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 

lib/spack/docs/config_yaml.rst

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ and location. (See the *Configuration settings* section of ``man
 ccache`` to learn more about the default settings and how to change
 them). Please note that we currently disable ccache's ``hash_dir``
 feature to avoid an issue with the stage directory (see
-https://github.com/LLNL/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
+https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
 
 -----------------------
 ``shared_linking:type``

lib/spack/docs/contribution_guide.rst

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ make another change, test that change, etc.  We use `pytest
 <http://pytest.org/>`_ as our tests framework, and these types of
 arguments are just passed to the ``pytest`` command underneath. See `the
 pytest docs
-<http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_
+<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
 for more details on test selection syntax.
 
 ``spack unit-test`` has a few special options that can help you
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ you want to know about.  For example, to see just the tests in
 
 You can also combine any of these options with a ``pytest`` keyword
 search.  See the `pytest usage docs
-<https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_:
+<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
 for more details on test selection syntax. For example, to see the names of all tests that have "spec"
 or "concretize" somewhere in their names:
 

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ Intel Fortran
 
 For Fortran-based packages on Windows, we strongly recommend Intel's oneAPI Fortran compilers.
 The suite is free to download from Intel's website, located at
-https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html#gs.70t5tw.
+https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html.
 The executable of choice for Spack will be Intel's Beta Compiler, ifx, which supports the classic
 compiler's (ifort's) frontend and runtime libraries by using LLVM.
 

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ Go
 ^^
 
 Go isn't a VCS, it is a programming language with a builtin command,
-`go get <https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Download_and_install_packages_and_dependencies>`_,
+`go get <https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/go#hdr-Add_dependencies_to_current_module_and_install_them>`_,
 that fetches packages and their dependencies automatically.
 The destination directory will be the standard stage source path.
 
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ dynamic loader where to find its dependencies at runtime. You may be
 familiar with `LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 <http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html>`_
 on Linux or `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
-<https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/dyld.1.html>`_
+<https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man3/dyld.3.html>`_
 on Mac OS X.  RPATH is similar to these paths, in that it tells
 the loader where to find libraries.  Unlike them, it is embedded in
 the binary and not set in each user's environment.

lib/spack/llnl/util/multiproc.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class Barrier:
 
     Python 2 doesn't have multiprocessing barriers so we implement this.
 
-    See http://greenteapress.com/semaphores/downey08semaphores.pdf, p. 41.
+    See https://greenteapress.com/semaphores/LittleBookOfSemaphores.pdf, p. 41.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, n, timeout=None):