cc: deal with -Wl,-rpath= without value, deal with NAG (#37215)

Spack never parsed `nagfor` linker arguments put on the compiler line: 
```
nagfor -Wl,-Wl,,-rpath,,/path
````
so, let's continue not attempting to parse that.

lib/spack/env/cc

@@ -434,8 +434,6 @@ wl_expect_rpath=no
 xlinker_expect_rpath=no
 
 parse_Wl() {
-    # drop -Wl
-    shift
     while [ $# -ne 0 ]; do
     if [ "$wl_expect_rpath" = yes ]; then
         if system_dir "$1"; then
@@ -448,7 +446,9 @@ parse_Wl() {
         case "$1" in
             -rpath=*)
                 arg="${1#-rpath=}"
-                if system_dir "$arg"; then
+                if [ -z "$arg" ]; then
+                    shift; continue
+                elif system_dir "$arg"; then
                     append system_rpath_dirs_list "$arg"
                 else
                     append rpath_dirs_list "$arg"
@@ -456,7 +456,9 @@ parse_Wl() {
                 ;;
             --rpath=*)
                 arg="${1#--rpath=}"
-                if system_dir "$arg"; then
+                if [ -z "$arg" ]; then
+                    shift; continue
+                elif system_dir "$arg"; then
                     append system_rpath_dirs_list "$arg"
                 else
                     append rpath_dirs_list "$arg"
@@ -467,6 +469,11 @@ parse_Wl() {
                 ;;
             "$dtags_to_strip")
                 ;;
+            -Wl)
+                # Nested -Wl,-Wl means we're in NAG compiler territory, we don't support
+                # it.
+                return 1
+                ;;
             *)
                 append other_args_list "-Wl,$1"
                 ;;
@@ -576,7 +583,9 @@ while [ $# -ne 0 ]; do
             ;;
         -Wl,*)
             IFS=,
-            parse_Wl $1
+            if ! parse_Wl ${1#-Wl,}; then
+                append other_args_list "$1"
+            fi
             unset IFS
             ;;
         -Xlinker)

lib/spack/spack/test/cc.py

@@ -352,6 +352,24 @@ def test_Wl_parsing(wrapper_environment):
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.regression("37179")
+def test_Wl_parsing_with_missing_value(wrapper_environment):
+    check_args(
+        cc,
+        ["-Wl,-rpath=/a,-rpath=", "-Wl,--rpath="],
+        [real_cc] + target_args + ["-Wl,--disable-new-dtags", "-Wl,-rpath,/a"],
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.regression("37179")
+def test_Wl_parsing_NAG_is_ignored(wrapper_environment):
+    check_args(
+        fc,
+        ["-Wl,-Wl,,x,,y,,z"],
+        [real_cc] + target_args + ["-Wl,--disable-new-dtags", "-Wl,-Wl,,x,,y,,z"],
+    )
+
+
 def test_Xlinker_parsing(wrapper_environment):
     # -Xlinker <x> ... -Xlinker <y> may have compiler flags inbetween, like -O3 in this
     # example. Also check that a trailing -Xlinker (which is a compiler error) is not