Bugfix/Installer: properly track task queueing (#46293)

* Bugfix/Installer: properly track task queueing
* Move ordinal() to llnl.string; change time to attempt
* Convert BuildTask to use kwargs (after pkg); convert STATUS_ to BuildStats enum
* BuildTask: instantiate with keyword only args after the request
* Installer: build request is required for initializing task
* Installer: only the initial BuildTask cannnot have status REMOVED
* Change queueing check
* ordinal(): simplify suffix determination [tgamblin]
* BuildStatus: ADDED -> QUEUED [becker33]
* BuildTask: clarify TypeError for 'installed' argument

lib/spack/llnl/string.py

@@ -41,6 +41,20 @@ def comma_and(sequence: List[str]) -> str:
     return comma_list(sequence, "and")
 
 
+def ordinal(number: int) -> str:
+    """Return the ordinal representation (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) for the provided number.
+
+    Args:
+        number: int to convert to ordinal number
+
+    Returns: number's corresponding ordinal
+    """
+    idx = (number % 10) << 1
+    tens = number % 100 // 10
+    suffix = "th" if tens == 1 or idx > 6 else "thstndrd"[idx : idx + 2]
+    return f"{number}{suffix}"
+
+
 def quote(sequence: List[str], q: str = "'") -> List[str]:
     """Quotes each item in the input list with the quote character passed as second argument."""
     return [f"{q}{e}{q}" for e in sequence]