minimize gha

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-name: audit
-
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    inputs:
-      with_coverage:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      python_version:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-
-concurrency:
-  group: audit-${{inputs.python_version}}-${{github.ref}}-${{github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_number}}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  # Run audits on all the packages in the built-in repository
-  package-audits:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.system.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        system:
-        - { os: windows-latest, shell: 'powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}' }
-        - { os: ubuntu-latest, shell: bash }
-        - { os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: ${{ matrix.system.shell }}
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{inputs.python_version}}
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-        pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest coverage[toml]
-    - name: Setup for Windows run
-      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
-      run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pywin32
-    - name: Package audits (with coverage)
-      env:
-          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-audits-${{ matrix.system.os }}
-      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
-      run: |
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          coverage run $(which spack) audit packages
-          coverage run $(which spack) audit configs
-          coverage run $(which spack) -d audit externals
-          coverage combine
-    - name: Package audits (without coverage)
-      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'false' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
-      run: |
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack -d audit packages
-          spack -d audit configs
-          spack -d audit externals
-    - name: Package audits (without coverage)
-      if: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' }}
-      run: |
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack -d audit packages
-          ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-          spack -d audit configs
-          ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-          spack -d audit externals
-          ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
-      with:
-        name: coverage-audits-${{ matrix.system.os }}
-        path: coverage
-        include-hidden-files: true

.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml

@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-name: Bootstrapping
-
-on:
-  # This Workflow can be triggered manually
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  workflow_call:
-  schedule:
-    # nightly at 2:16 AM
-    - cron: '16 2 * * *'
-
-concurrency:
-  group: bootstrap-${{github.ref}}-${{github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_number}}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  distros-clingo-sources:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ${{ matrix.image }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        image: ["fedora:latest", "opensuse/leap:latest"]
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup Fedora
-        if: ${{ matrix.image == 'fedora:latest' }}
-        run: |
-          dnf install -y \
-              bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gzip \
-              make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
-              cmake bison bison-devel libstdc++-static
-      - name: Setup OpenSUSE
-        if: ${{ matrix.image == 'opensuse/leap:latest' }}
-        run: |
-          # Harden CI by applying the workaround described here: https://www.suse.com/support/kb/doc/?id=000019505
-          zypper update -y || zypper update -y
-          zypper install -y \
-              bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-fortran tar git gpg2 gzip \
-              make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
-              cmake bison
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Bootstrap clingo
-        run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
-          spack external find cmake bison
-          spack -d solve zlib
-          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
-
-  clingo-sources:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        runner: ['macos-13', 'macos-14', "ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest"]
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup macOS
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.runner != 'windows-latest' }}
-        run: |
-          brew install cmake bison tree
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
-      - name: Bootstrap clingo
-        env:
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && 'ps1' || 'sh' }}
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && './' || 'source ' }}
-          USER_SCOPE_PARENT_DIR: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && '$env:userprofile' || '$HOME' }}
-          VALIDATE_LAST_EXIT: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && './share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1' || '' }}
-        run: |
-          ${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE }}share/spack/setup-env.${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT }}
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
-          spack external find --not-buildable cmake bison
-          spack -d solve zlib
-          ${{ env.VALIDATE_LAST_EXIT }}
-          tree ${{ env.USER_SCOPE_PARENT_DIR }}/.spack/bootstrap/store/
-
-  gnupg-sources:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        runner: [ 'macos-13', 'macos-14', "ubuntu-latest" ]
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup macOS
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: |
-          brew install tree gawk
-          sudo rm -rf $(command -v gpg gpg2)
-      - name: Setup Ubuntu
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: sudo rm -rf $(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
-        run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack solve zlib
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
-          spack -d gpg list
-          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
-
-  from-binaries:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        runner: ['macos-13', 'macos-14', "ubuntu-latest", "windows-latest"]
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup macOS
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' && matrix.runner != 'windows-latest'}}
-        run: |
-          brew install tree
-          # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
-          sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
-      - name: Setup Ubuntu
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: |
-          sudo rm -rf $(which gpg) $(which gpg2) $(which patchelf)
-      - name: Setup Windows
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' }}
-        run: |
-          Remove-Item -Path (Get-Command gpg).Path
-          Remove-Item -Path (Get-Command file).Path
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-        with:
-          python-version: |
-            3.8
-            3.9
-            3.10
-            3.11
-            3.12
-      - name: Set bootstrap sources
-        env:
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && 'ps1' || 'sh' }}
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && './' || 'source ' }}
-        run: |
-          ${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE }}share/spack/setup-env.${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT }}
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
-      - name: Disable from source bootstrap
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'windows-latest' }}
-        run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable spack-install
-      - name: Bootstrap clingo
-        # No binary clingo on Windows yet
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'windows-latest' }}
-        run: |
-          set -e
-          for ver in '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' '3.11' '3.12' ; do
-            not_found=1
-            ver_dir="$(find $RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE/Python -wholename "*/${ver}.*/*/bin" | grep . || true)"
-            if [[ -d "$ver_dir" ]] ; then
-              echo "Testing $ver_dir"
-              if $ver_dir/python --version ; then
-                export PYTHON="$ver_dir/python"
-                not_found=0
-                old_path="$PATH"
-                export PATH="$ver_dir:$PATH"
-                ./bin/spack-tmpconfig -b ./.github/workflows/bin/bootstrap-test.sh
-                export PATH="$old_path"
-              fi
-            fi
-            if (($not_found)) ; then
-              echo Required python version $ver not found in runner!
-              exit 1
-            fi
-          done
-      - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
-        env:
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && 'ps1' || 'sh' }}
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && './' || 'source ' }}
-          USER_SCOPE_PARENT_DIR: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && '$env:userprofile' || '$HOME' }}
-          VALIDATE_LAST_EXIT: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && './share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1' || '' }}
-        run: |
-          ${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE }}share/spack/setup-env.${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT }}
-          spack -d gpg list
-          ${{ env.VALIDATE_LAST_EXIT }}
-          tree ${{ env.USER_SCOPE_PARENT_DIR }}/.spack/bootstrap/store/
-      - name: Bootstrap File
-        env:
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && 'ps1' || 'sh' }}
-          SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && './' || 'source ' }}
-          USER_SCOPE_PARENT_DIR: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && '$env:userprofile' || '$HOME' }}
-          VALIDATE_LAST_EXIT: ${{ matrix.runner == 'windows-latest' && './share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1' || '' }}
-        run: |
-          ${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_SOURCE }}share/spack/setup-env.${{ env.SETUP_SCRIPT_EXT }}
-          spack -d python share/spack/qa/bootstrap-file.py
-          ${{ env.VALIDATE_LAST_EXIT }}
-          tree ${{ env.USER_SCOPE_PARENT_DIR }}/.spack/bootstrap/store/

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-name: Containers
-
-on:
-  # This Workflow can be triggered manually
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  # Build new Spack develop containers nightly.
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '34 0 * * *'
-  # Run on pull requests that modify this file
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - develop
-    paths:
-      - '.github/workflows/build-containers.yml'
-      - 'share/spack/docker/*'
-      - 'share/spack/templates/container/*'
-      - 'lib/spack/spack/container/*'
-  # Let's also build & tag Spack containers on releases.
-  release:
-    types: [published]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: build_containers-${{github.ref}}-${{github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_number}}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  deploy-images:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      packages: write
-    strategy:
-      # Even if one container fails to build we still want the others
-      # to continue their builds.
-      fail-fast: false
-      # A matrix of Dockerfile paths, associated tags, and which architectures
-      # they support.
-      matrix:
-        # Meaning of the various items in the matrix list
-        # 0: Container name (e.g. ubuntu-bionic)
-        # 1: Platforms to build for
-        # 2: Base image (e.g. ubuntu:22.04)
-        dockerfile: [[amazon-linux, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'amazonlinux:2'],
-                     [centos-stream9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'centos:stream9'],
-                     [leap15, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'opensuse/leap:15'],
-                     [ubuntu-focal, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:20.04'],
-                     [ubuntu-jammy, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:22.04'],
-                     [ubuntu-noble, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:24.04'],
-                     [almalinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:8'],
-                     [almalinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:9'],
-                     [rockylinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:8'],
-                     [rockylinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:9'],
-                     [fedora39, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:39'],
-                     [fedora40, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:40']]
-    name: Build ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-    if: github.repository == 'spack/spack'
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@8e5442c4ef9f78752691e2d8f8d19755c6f78e81
-        id: docker_meta
-        with:
-          images: |
-              ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-              ${{ github.repository_owner }}/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-          tags: |
-              type=schedule,pattern=nightly
-              type=schedule,pattern=develop
-              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
-              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
-              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
-              type=ref,event=branch
-              type=ref,event=pr
-
-      - name: Generate the Dockerfile
-        env:
-          SPACK_YAML_OS: "${{ matrix.dockerfile[2] }}"
-        run: |
-          .github/workflows/bin/generate_spack_yaml_containerize.sh
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          mkdir -p dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-          spack containerize --last-stage=bootstrap | tee dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}/Dockerfile
-          printf "Preparing to build ${{ env.container }} from dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}/Dockerfile"
-          if [ ! -f "dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}/Dockerfile" ]; then
-              printf "dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}/Dockerfile does not exist"
-              exit 1;
-          fi
-
-      - name: Upload Dockerfile
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-        with:
-          name: dockerfiles_${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-          path: dockerfiles
-
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@49b3bc8e6bdd4a60e6116a5414239cba5943d3cf
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@988b5a0280414f521da01fcc63a27aeeb4b104db
-
-      - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@9780b0c442fbb1117ed29e0efdff1e18412f7567
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.actor }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Log in to DockerHub
-        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: docker/login-action@9780b0c442fbb1117ed29e0efdff1e18412f7567
-        with:
-          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Build & Deploy ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@5cd11c3a4ced054e52742c5fd54dca954e0edd85
-        with:
-          context: dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-          platforms: ${{ matrix.dockerfile[1] }}
-          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
-          tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
-
-  merge-dockerfiles:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: deploy-images
-    steps:
-      - name: Merge Artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact/merge@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-        with:
-          name: dockerfiles
-          pattern: dockerfiles_*
-          delete-merged: true

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -74,41 +74,3 @@ jobs:
       # job outputs: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idoutputs
       # setting environment variables from earlier steps: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#setting-an-environment-variable
       #
-  bootstrap:
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spack/spack' && needs.changes.outputs.bootstrap == 'true' }}
-    needs: [ prechecks, changes ]
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml
-    secrets: inherit
-  unit-tests:
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spack/spack' && needs.changes.outputs.core == 'true' }}
-    needs: [ prechecks, changes ]
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml
-    secrets: inherit
-  upload-coverage:
-    needs: [ unit-tests, prechecks ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - name: Download coverage files
-      uses: actions/download-artifact@fa0a91b85d4f404e444e00e005971372dc801d16
-      with:
-        pattern: coverage-*
-        path: coverage
-        merge-multiple: true
-    - run: pip install --upgrade coverage
-    - run: ls -la coverage
-    - run: coverage combine -a coverage/.coverage*
-    - run: coverage xml
-    - name: "Upload coverage"
-      uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
-      with:
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
-  all:
-    needs: [ upload-coverage, bootstrap ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - name: Success
-      run: "true"

.github/workflows/nightly-win-builds.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: Windows Paraview Nightly
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 2 * * *' # Run at 2 am
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell:
-     powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
-
-
-jobs:
-  build-paraview-deps:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.9
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools coverage
-    - name: Build Test
-      run: |
-        spack compiler find
-        spack external find cmake ninja win-sdk win-wdk wgl msmpi
-        spack -d install -y --cdash-upload-url https://cdash.spack.io/submit.php?project=Spack+on+Windows --cdash-track Nightly --only dependencies paraview
-        exit 0

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml

@@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
-name: unit tests
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  workflow_call:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: unit_tests-${{github.ref}}-${{github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_number}}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  # Run unit tests with different configurations on linux
-  ubuntu:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
-        on_develop:
-        - ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
-        include:
-        - python-version: '3.6'
-          os: ubuntu-20.04
-          on_develop: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
-        exclude:
-        - python-version: '3.7'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          on_develop: false
-        - python-version: '3.8'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          on_develop: false
-        - python-version: '3.9'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          on_develop: false
-        - python-version: '3.10'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          on_develop: false
-        - python-version: '3.11'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          on_develop: false
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install System packages
-      run: |
-          sudo apt-get -y update
-          # Needed for unit tests
-          sudo apt-get -y install \
-              coreutils cvs gfortran graphviz gnupg2 mercurial ninja-build \
-              cmake bison libbison-dev kcov
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest pytest-xdist pytest-cov
-          pip install --upgrade flake8 "isort>=4.3.5" "mypy>=0.900" "click" "black"
-    - name: Setup git configuration
-      run: |
-          # Need this for the git tests to succeed.
-          git --version
-          . .github/workflows/bin/setup_git.sh
-    - name: Bootstrap clingo
-      if: ${{ matrix.concretizer == 'clingo' }}
-      env:
-          SPACK_PYTHON: python
-      run: |
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable spack-install
-          spack bootstrap now
-          spack -v solve zlib
-    - name: Run unit tests
-      env:
-          SPACK_PYTHON: python
-          SPACK_TEST_PARALLEL: 2
-          COVERAGE: true
-          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          UNIT_TEST_COVERAGE: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.11' }}
-      run: |
-          share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-      with:
-        name: coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        path: coverage
-        include-hidden-files: true
-  # Test shell integration
-  shell:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
-    - name: Install System packages
-      run: |
-          sudo apt-get -y update
-          # Needed for shell tests
-          sudo apt-get install -y coreutils kcov csh zsh tcsh fish dash bash
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest coverage[toml] pytest-xdist
-    - name: Setup git configuration
-      run: |
-          # Need this for the git tests to succeed.
-          git --version
-          . .github/workflows/bin/setup_git.sh
-    - name: Run shell tests
-      env:
-          COVERAGE: true
-      run: |
-          share/spack/qa/run-shell-tests
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-      with:
-        name: coverage-shell
-        path: coverage
-        include-hidden-files: true
-
-  # Test RHEL8 UBI with platform Python. This job is run
-  # only on PRs modifying core Spack
-  rhel8-platform-python:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi
-    steps:
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      run: |
-          dnf install -y \
-              bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
-              make patch tcl unzip which xz
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-    - name: Setup repo and non-root user
-      run: |
-          git --version
-          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
-          git fetch --unshallow
-          . .github/workflows/bin/setup_git.sh
-          useradd spack-test
-          chown -R spack-test .
-    - name: Run unit tests
-      shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
-      run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack -d bootstrap now --dev
-          spack unit-test -k 'not cvs and not svn and not hg' -x --verbose
-  # Test for the clingo based solver (using clingo-cffi)
-  clingo-cffi:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-      with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
-    - name: Install System packages
-      run: |
-          sudo apt-get -y update
-          sudo apt-get -y install coreutils cvs gfortran graphviz gnupg2 mercurial ninja-build kcov
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest coverage[toml] pytest-cov clingo pytest-xdist
-          pip install --upgrade flake8 "isort>=4.3.5" "mypy>=0.900" "click" "black"
-    - name: Setup git configuration
-      run: |
-          # Need this for the git tests to succeed.
-          git --version
-          . .github/workflows/bin/setup_git.sh
-    - name: Run unit tests (full suite with coverage)
-      env:
-          COVERAGE: true
-          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-clingo-cffi
-      run: |
-          share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-      with:
-        name: coverage-clingo-cffi
-        path: coverage
-        include-hidden-files: true
-  # Run unit tests on MacOS
-  macos:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [macos-13, macos-14]
-        python-version: ["3.11"]
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-      with:
-        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-          pip install --upgrade pytest coverage[toml] pytest-xdist pytest-cov
-    - name: Setup Homebrew packages
-      run: |
-        brew install dash fish gcc gnupg2 kcov
-    - name: Run unit tests
-      env:
-        SPACK_TEST_PARALLEL: 4
-        COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      run: |
-        git --version
-        . .github/workflows/bin/setup_git.sh
-        . share/spack/setup-env.sh
-        $(which spack) bootstrap disable spack-install
-        $(which spack) solve zlib
-        common_args=(--dist loadfile --tx '4*popen//python=./bin/spack-tmpconfig python -u ./bin/spack python' -x)
-        $(which spack) unit-test --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml "${common_args[@]}"
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-      with:
-        name: coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        path: coverage
-        include-hidden-files: true
-  # Run unit tests on Windows
-  windows:
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell:
-          powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@f677139bbe7f9c59b41e40162b753c062f5d49a3
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.9
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools pytest-cov clingo
-    - name: Create local develop
-      run: |
-        ./.github/workflows/bin/setup_git.ps1
-    - name: Unit Test
-      env:
-        COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-windows
-      run: |
-        spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml
-        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
-      with:
-        name: coverage-windows
-        path: coverage
-        include-hidden-files: true

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -54,95 +54,4 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run style tests
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-style-tests
-  audit:
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/audit.yaml
-    secrets: inherit
-    with:
-      with_coverage: ${{ inputs.with_coverage }}
-      python_version: '3.11'
-  # Check that spack can bootstrap the development environment on Python 3.6 - RHEL8
-  bootstrap-dev-rhel8:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi
-    steps:
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          dnf install -y \
-              bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
-              make patch tcl unzip which xz
-      - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      - name: Setup repo and non-root user
-        run: |
-          git --version
-          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
-          git fetch --unshallow
-          . .github/workflows/bin/setup_git.sh
-          useradd spack-test
-          chown -R spack-test .
-      - name: Bootstrap Spack development environment
-        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
-        run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack debug report
-          spack -d bootstrap now --dev
-          spack style -t black
-          spack unit-test -V
-  import-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@v2
-      with:
-        version: '1.10'
-    - uses: julia-actions/cache@v2
 
-    # PR: use the base of the PR as the old commit
-    - name: Checkout PR base commit
-      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
-      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
-        path: old
-    # not a PR: use the previous commit as the old commit
-    - name: Checkout previous commit
-      if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 2
-        path: old
-    - name: Checkout previous commit
-      if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-      run: git -C old reset --hard HEAD^
-
-    - name: Checkout new commit
-      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        path: new
-    - name: Install circular import checker
-      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
-      with:
-        repository: haampie/circular-import-fighter
-        ref: 555519c6fd5564fd2eb844e7b87e84f4d12602e2
-        path: circular-import-fighter
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
-      run: make -j dependencies
-    - name: Import cycles before
-      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
-      run: make SPACK_ROOT=../old && cp solution solution.old
-    - name: Import cycles after
-      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
-      run: make clean-graph && make SPACK_ROOT=../new && cp solution solution.new
-    - name: Compare import cycles
-      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
-      run: |
-        edges_before="$(grep -oP 'edges to delete: \K\d+' solution.old)"
-        edges_after="$(grep -oP 'edges to delete: \K\d+' solution.new)"
-        if [ "$edges_after" -gt "$edges_before" ]; then
-          printf '\033[1;31mImport check failed: %s imports need to be deleted, ' "$edges_after"
-          printf 'previously this was %s\033[0m\n'  "$edges_before"
-          printf 'Compare \033[1;97m"Import cycles before"\033[0m and '
-          printf '\033[1;97m"Import cycles after"\033[0m to see problematic imports.\n'
-          exit 1
-        else
-          printf '\033[1;32mImport check passed: %s <= %s\033[0m\n' "$edges_after" "$edges_before"
-        fi

lib/spack/docs/basic_usage.rst

@@ -1175,17 +1175,6 @@ unspecified version, but packages can depend on other packages with
 could depend on ``mpich@1.2:`` if it can only build with version
 ``1.2`` or higher of ``mpich``.
 
-.. note:: Windows Spec Syntax Caveats
-   Windows has a few idiosyncrasies when it comes to the Spack spec syntax and the use of certain shells
-   Spack's spec dependency syntax uses the carat (``^``) character, however this is an escape string in CMD
-   so it must be escaped with an additional carat (i.e. ``^^``).
-   CMD also will attempt to interpret strings with ``=`` characters in them. Any spec including this symbol
-   must double quote the string.
-
-   Note: All of these issues are unique to CMD, they can be avoided by using Powershell.
-
-   For more context on these caveats see the related issues: `carat <https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/42833>`_ and `equals <https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/43348>`_
-
 Below are more details about the specifiers that you can add to specs.
 
 .. _version-specifier:

lib/spack/docs/chain.rst

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 .. chain:
 
-=============================================
-Chaining Spack Installations (upstreams.yaml)
-=============================================
+============================
+Chaining Spack Installations
+============================
 
 You can point your Spack installation to another installation to use any
 packages that are installed there. To register the other Spack instance,

lib/spack/docs/conf.py

@@ -219,7 +219,6 @@ def setup(sphinx):
     ("py:class", "spack.install_test.Pb"),
     ("py:class", "spack.filesystem_view.SimpleFilesystemView"),
     ("py:class", "spack.traverse.EdgeAndDepth"),
-    ("py:class", "archspec.cpu.microarchitecture.Microarchitecture"),
 ]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.

lib/spack/docs/environments.rst

@@ -893,8 +893,9 @@ The valid variables for a ``when`` clause are:
 
 #. ``env``. The user environment (usually ``os.environ`` in Python).
 
-#. ``hostname``. The hostname of the system (if ``hostname`` is an
-   executable in the user's PATH).
+#. ``hostname``. The hostname of the system.
+
+#. ``full_hostname``. The fully qualified hostname of the system.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 SpecLists as Constraints

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -1475,14 +1475,16 @@ in a Windows CMD prompt.
 Step 3: Run and configure Spack
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-On Windows, Spack supports both primary native shells, Powershell and the traditional command prompt.
-To use Spack, pick your favorite shell, and run ``bin\spack_cmd.bat`` or ``share/spack/setup-env.ps1``
-(you may need to Run as Administrator) from the top-level spack
-directory. This will provide a Spack enabled shell. If you receive a warning message that Python is not in your ``PATH``
+To use Spack, run ``bin\spack_cmd.bat`` (you may need to Run as Administrator) from the top-level spack
+directory. This will provide a Windows command prompt with an environment properly set up with Spack
+and its prerequisites. If you receive a warning message that Python is not in your ``PATH``
 (which may happen if you installed Python from the website and not the Windows Store) add the location
 of the Python executable to your ``PATH`` now. You can permanently add Python to your ``PATH`` variable
 by using the ``Edit the system environment variables`` utility in Windows Control Panel.
 
+.. note::
+   Alternatively, Powershell can be used in place of CMD
+
 To configure Spack, first run the following command inside the Spack console:
 
 .. code-block:: console
@@ -1547,7 +1549,7 @@ and not tabs, so ensure that this is the case when editing one directly.
 
 .. note:: Cygwin
    The use of Cygwin is not officially supported by Spack and is not tested.
-   However Spack will not prevent this, so use if choosing to use Spack
+   However Spack will not throw an error, so use if choosing to use Spack
    with Cygwin, know that no functionality is garunteed.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -1561,12 +1563,21 @@ Spack console via:
 
    spack install cpuinfo
 
-If in the previous step, you did not have CMake or Ninja installed, running the command above should install both packages
+If in the previous step, you did not have CMake or Ninja installed, running the command above should bootstrap both packages
 
-.. note:: Spec Syntax Caveats
-   Windows has a few idiosyncrasies when it comes to the Spack spec syntax and the use of certain shells
-   See the Spack spec syntax doc for more information
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+Windows Compatible Packages
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
+Not all spack packages currently have Windows support. Some are inherently incompatible with the
+platform, and others simply have yet to be ported. To view the current set of packages with Windows
+support, the list command should be used via `spack list -t windows`. If there's a package you'd like
+to install on Windows but is not in that list, feel free to reach out to request the port or contribute
+the port yourself.
+
+.. note::
+   This is by no means a comprehensive list, some packages may have ports that were not tagged
+   while others may just work out of the box on Windows and have not been tagged as such.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 For developers
@@ -1577,3 +1588,5 @@ Python, Git, and Spack, instead of requiring the user to do so manually.
 Instructions for creating the installer are at
 https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/lib/spack/spack/cmd/installer/README.md
 
+Alternatively a pre-built copy of the Windows installer is available as an artifact of Spack's Windows CI
+available at each run of the CI on develop or any PR.

lib/spack/external/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 * Homepage: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/archspec
 * Usage: Labeling, comparison and detection of microarchitectures
-* Version: 0.2.5-dev (commit bceb39528ac49dd0c876b2e9bf3e7482e9c2be4a)
+* Version: 0.2.5-dev (commit 7e6740012b897ae4a950f0bba7e9726b767e921f)
 
 astunparse
 ----------------

lib/spack/external/archspec/cpu/microarchitecture.py

@@ -115,9 +115,6 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
             and self.cpu_part == other.cpu_part
         )
 
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash(self.name)
-
     @coerce_target_names
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not self == other

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures.json

@@ -2844,7 +2844,8 @@
           "asimdrdm",
           "lrcpc",
           "dcpop",
-          "asimddp"
+          "asimddp",
+          "ssbs"
       ],
       "compilers" : {
           "gcc": [
@@ -2941,6 +2942,7 @@
           "uscat",
           "ilrcpc",
           "flagm",
+          "ssbs",
           "dcpodp",
           "svei8mm",
           "svebf16",
@@ -3008,7 +3010,7 @@
               },
               {
                   "versions": "11:",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
+                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+ssbs+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
               },
               {
                   "versions": "12:",
@@ -3064,6 +3066,7 @@
 	  "uscat",
 	  "ilrcpc",
 	  "flagm",
+	  "ssbs",
 	  "sb",
 	  "dcpodp",
 	  "sve2",
@@ -3176,6 +3179,7 @@
 	  "uscat",
 	  "ilrcpc",
 	  "flagm",
+	  "ssbs",
 	  "sb",
 	  "dcpodp",
 	  "sve2",

lib/spack/spack/__init__.py

@@ -3,13 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-import os
-import re
-from typing import Optional
-
-import spack.paths
-import spack.util.git
-
 #: PEP440 canonical <major>.<minor>.<micro>.<devN> string
 __version__ = "0.23.0.dev0"
 spack_version = __version__
@@ -26,47 +19,4 @@ def __try_int(v):
 spack_version_info = tuple([__try_int(v) for v in __version__.split(".")])
 
 
-def get_spack_commit() -> Optional[str]:
-    """Get the Spack git commit sha.
-
-    Returns:
-        (str or None) the commit sha if available, otherwise None
-    """
-    git_path = os.path.join(spack.paths.prefix, ".git")
-    if not os.path.exists(git_path):
-        return None
-
-    git = spack.util.git.git()
-    if not git:
-        return None
-
-    rev = git(
-        "-C",
-        spack.paths.prefix,
-        "rev-parse",
-        "HEAD",
-        output=str,
-        error=os.devnull,
-        fail_on_error=False,
-    )
-    if git.returncode != 0:
-        return None
-
-    match = re.match(r"[a-f\d]{7,}$", rev)
-    return match.group(0) if match else None
-
-
-def get_version() -> str:
-    """Get a descriptive version of this instance of Spack.
-
-    Outputs '<PEP440 version> (<git commit sha>)'.
-
-    The commit sha is only added when available.
-    """
-    commit = get_spack_commit()
-    if commit:
-        return f"{spack_version} ({commit})"
-    return spack_version
-
-
-__all__ = ["spack_version_info", "spack_version", "get_version", "get_spack_commit"]
+__all__ = ["spack_version_info", "spack_version"]

lib/spack/spack/audit.py

@@ -51,10 +51,9 @@ def _search_duplicate_compilers(error_cls):
 
 import llnl.util.lang
 
-import spack.builder
 import spack.config
-import spack.fetch_strategy
 import spack.patch
+import spack.paths
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.util.crypto
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ def _avoid_mismatched_variants(error_cls):
             pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
             for variant in current_spec.variants.values():
                 # Variant does not exist at all
-                if variant.name not in pkg_cls.variant_names():
+                if variant.name not in pkg_cls.variants:
                     summary = (
                         f"Setting a preference for the '{pkg_name}' package to the "
                         f"non-existing variant '{variant.name}'"
@@ -291,8 +290,9 @@ def _avoid_mismatched_variants(error_cls):
                     continue
 
                 # Variant cannot accept this value
+                s = spack.spec.Spec(pkg_name)
                 try:
-                    spack.variant.prevalidate_variant_value(pkg_cls, variant, strict=True)
+                    s.update_variant_validate(variant.name, variant.value)
                 except Exception:
                     summary = (
                         f"Setting the variant '{variant.name}' of the '{pkg_name}' package "
@@ -662,15 +662,9 @@ def _ensure_env_methods_are_ported_to_builders(pkgs, error_cls):
     errors = []
     for pkg_name in pkgs:
         pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-
-        # values are either Value objects (for conditional values) or the values themselves
-        build_system_names = set(
-            v.value if isinstance(v, spack.variant.Value) else v
-            for _, variant in pkg_cls.variant_definitions("build_system")
-            for v in variant.values
-        )
-        builder_cls_names = [spack.builder.BUILDER_CLS[x].__name__ for x in build_system_names]
-
+        buildsystem_variant, _ = pkg_cls.variants["build_system"]
+        buildsystem_names = [getattr(x, "value", x) for x in buildsystem_variant.values]
+        builder_cls_names = [spack.builder.BUILDER_CLS[x].__name__ for x in buildsystem_names]
         module = pkg_cls.module
         has_builders_in_package_py = any(
             getattr(module, name, False) for name in builder_cls_names
@@ -937,22 +931,20 @@ def check_virtual_with_variants(spec, msg):
 
                 # check variants
                 dependency_variants = dep.spec.variants
-                for name, variant in dependency_variants.items():
+                for name, value in dependency_variants.items():
                     try:
-                        spack.variant.prevalidate_variant_value(
-                            dependency_pkg_cls, variant, dep.spec, strict=True
-                        )
+                        v, _ = dependency_pkg_cls.variants[name]
+                        v.validate_or_raise(value, pkg_cls=dependency_pkg_cls)
                     except Exception as e:
                         summary = (
                             f"{pkg_name}: wrong variant used for dependency in 'depends_on()'"
                         )
 
-                        error_msg = str(e)
                         if isinstance(e, KeyError):
                             error_msg = (
                                 f"variant {str(e).strip()} does not exist in package {dep_name}"
-                                f" in package '{dep_name}'"
                             )
+                        error_msg += f" in package '{dep_name}'"
 
                         errors.append(
                             error_cls(summary=summary, details=[error_msg, f"in {filename}"])
@@ -964,38 +956,39 @@ def check_virtual_with_variants(spec, msg):
 @package_directives
 def _ensure_variant_defaults_are_parsable(pkgs, error_cls):
     """Ensures that variant defaults are present and parsable from cli"""
-
-    def check_variant(pkg_cls, variant, vname):
-        # bool is a subclass of int in python. Permitting a default that is an instance
-        # of 'int' means both foo=false and foo=0 are accepted. Other falsish values are
-        # not allowed, since they can't be parsed from CLI ('foo=')
-        default_is_parsable = isinstance(variant.default, int) or variant.default
-
-        if not default_is_parsable:
-            msg = f"Variant '{vname}' of package '{pkg_cls.name}' has an unparsable default value"
-            return [error_cls(msg, [])]
-
-        try:
-            vspec = variant.make_default()
-        except spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError:
-            msg = f"Can't create default value for variant '{vname}' in package '{pkg_cls.name}'"
-            return [error_cls(msg, [])]
-
-        try:
-            variant.validate_or_raise(vspec, pkg_cls.name)
-        except spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError:
-            msg = "Default value of variant '{vname}' in package '{pkg.name}' is invalid"
-            question = "Is it among the allowed values?"
-            return [error_cls(msg, [question])]
-
-        return []
-
     errors = []
     for pkg_name in pkgs:
         pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-        for vname in pkg_cls.variant_names():
-            for _, variant_def in pkg_cls.variant_definitions(vname):
-                errors.extend(check_variant(pkg_cls, variant_def, vname))
+        for variant_name, entry in pkg_cls.variants.items():
+            variant, _ = entry
+            default_is_parsable = (
+                # Permitting a default that is an instance on 'int' permits
+                # to have foo=false or foo=0. Other falsish values are
+                # not allowed, since they can't be parsed from cli ('foo=')
+                isinstance(variant.default, int)
+                or variant.default
+            )
+            if not default_is_parsable:
+                error_msg = "Variant '{}' of package '{}' has a bad default value"
+                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), []))
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                vspec = variant.make_default()
+            except spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError:
+                error_msg = "Cannot create a default value for the variant '{}' in package '{}'"
+                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), []))
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                variant.validate_or_raise(vspec, pkg_cls=pkg_cls)
+            except spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError:
+                error_msg = (
+                    "The default value of the variant '{}' in package '{}' failed validation"
+                )
+                question = "Is it among the allowed values?"
+                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), [question]))
+
     return errors
 
 
@@ -1005,11 +998,11 @@ def _ensure_variants_have_descriptions(pkgs, error_cls):
     errors = []
     for pkg_name in pkgs:
         pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-        for name in pkg_cls.variant_names():
-            for when, variant in pkg_cls.variant_definitions(name):
-                if not variant.description:
-                    msg = f"Variant '{name}' in package '{pkg_name}' is missing a description"
-                    errors.append(error_cls(msg, []))
+        for variant_name, entry in pkg_cls.variants.items():
+            variant, _ = entry
+            if not variant.description:
+                error_msg = "Variant '{}' in package '{}' is missing a description"
+                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), []))
 
     return errors
 
@@ -1066,26 +1059,29 @@ def _version_constraints_are_satisfiable_by_some_version_in_repo(pkgs, error_cls
 
 
 def _analyze_variants_in_directive(pkg, constraint, directive, error_cls):
+    variant_exceptions = (
+        spack.variant.InconsistentValidationError,
+        spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError,
+        spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError,
+        KeyError,
+    )
     errors = []
-    variant_names = pkg.variant_names()
-    summary = f"{pkg.name}: wrong variant in '{directive}' directive"
-    filename = spack.repo.PATH.filename_for_package_name(pkg.name)
-
     for name, v in constraint.variants.items():
-        if name not in variant_names:
-            msg = f"variant {name} does not exist in {pkg.name}"
-            errors.append(error_cls(summary=summary, details=[msg, f"in {filename}"]))
-            continue
-
         try:
-            spack.variant.prevalidate_variant_value(pkg, v, constraint, strict=True)
-        except (
-            spack.variant.InconsistentValidationError,
-            spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError,
-            spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError,
-        ) as e:
-            msg = str(e).strip()
-            errors.append(error_cls(summary=summary, details=[msg, f"in {filename}"]))
+            variant, _ = pkg.variants[name]
+            variant.validate_or_raise(v, pkg_cls=pkg)
+        except variant_exceptions as e:
+            summary = pkg.name + ': wrong variant in "{0}" directive'
+            summary = summary.format(directive)
+            filename = spack.repo.PATH.filename_for_package_name(pkg.name)
+
+            error_msg = str(e).strip()
+            if isinstance(e, KeyError):
+                error_msg = "the variant {0} does not exist".format(error_msg)
+
+            err = error_cls(summary=summary, details=[error_msg, "in " + filename])
+
+            errors.append(err)
 
     return errors
 
@@ -1123,10 +1119,9 @@ def _extracts_errors(triggers, summary):
                 for dname in dnames
             )
 
-        for when, variants_by_name in pkg_cls.variants.items():
-            for vname, variant in variants_by_name.items():
-                summary = f"{pkg_name}: wrong 'when=' condition for the '{vname}' variant"
-                errors.extend(_extracts_errors([when], summary))
+        for vname, (variant, triggers) in pkg_cls.variants.items():
+            summary = f"{pkg_name}: wrong 'when=' condition for the '{vname}' variant"
+            errors.extend(_extracts_errors(triggers, summary))
 
         for when, providers, details in _error_items(pkg_cls.provided):
             errors.extend(

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 from llnl.util.symlink import readlink
 
 import spack.caches
+import spack.cmd
 import spack.config as config
 import spack.database as spack_db
 import spack.error
@@ -43,9 +44,9 @@
 import spack.oci.image
 import spack.oci.oci
 import spack.oci.opener
-import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.relocate as relocate
+import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
@@ -1446,9 +1447,7 @@ def _oci_push_pkg_blob(
     filename = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{spec.dag_hash()}.tar.gz")
 
     # Create an oci.image.layer aka tarball of the package
-    compressed_tarfile_checksum, tarfile_checksum = _do_create_tarball(
-        filename, spec.prefix, get_buildinfo_dict(spec)
-    )
+    compressed_tarfile_checksum, tarfile_checksum = spack.oci.oci.create_tarball(spec, filename)
 
     blob = spack.oci.oci.Blob(
         Digest.from_sha256(compressed_tarfile_checksum),
@@ -2698,9 +2697,6 @@ def get_keys(install=False, trust=False, force=False, mirrors=None):
 
     for mirror in mirror_collection.values():
         fetch_url = mirror.fetch_url
-        # TODO: oci:// does not support signing.
-        if fetch_url.startswith("oci://"):
-            continue
         keys_url = url_util.join(
             fetch_url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, BUILD_CACHE_KEYS_RELATIVE_PATH
         )

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/config.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment
-import spack.modules
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.repo

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/core.py

@@ -37,16 +37,21 @@
 import spack.binary_distribution
 import spack.config
 import spack.detection
+import spack.environment
+import spack.modules
+import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
+import spack.platforms.linux
+import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 import spack.user_environment
+import spack.util.environment
 import spack.util.executable
 import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.spack_yaml
 import spack.util.url
 import spack.version
-from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 
 from ._common import _executables_in_store, _python_import, _root_spec, _try_import_from_store
 from .clingo import ClingoBootstrapConcretizer
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@ def try_import(self, module: str, abstract_spec_str: str) -> bool:
 
         # Install the spec that should make the module importable
         with spack.config.override(self.mirror_scope):
-            PackageInstaller([concrete_spec.package], fail_fast=True).install()
+            concrete_spec.package.do_install(fail_fast=True)
 
         if _try_import_from_store(module, query_spec=concrete_spec, query_info=info):
             self.last_search = info
@@ -301,7 +306,7 @@ def try_search_path(self, executables: Tuple[str], abstract_spec_str: str) -> bo
         msg = "[BOOTSTRAP] Try installing '{0}' from sources"
         tty.debug(msg.format(abstract_spec_str))
         with spack.config.override(self.mirror_scope):
-            PackageInstaller([concrete_spec.package], fail_fast=True).install()
+            concrete_spec.package.do_install()
         if _executables_in_store(executables, concrete_spec, query_info=info):
             self.last_search = info
             return True

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/environment.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 from llnl.util import tty
 
 import spack.environment
-import spack.spec
 import spack.tengine
-import spack.util.path
+import spack.util.cpus
+import spack.util.executable
 
 from ._common import _root_spec
 from .config import root_path, spec_for_current_python, store_path

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -45,8 +45,6 @@
 from itertools import chain
 from typing import Dict, List, Set, Tuple
 
-import archspec.cpu
-
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.string import plural
 from llnl.util.filesystem import join_path
@@ -55,7 +53,6 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.color import cescape, colorize
 from llnl.util.tty.log import MultiProcessFd
 
-import spack.build_systems._checks
 import spack.build_systems.cmake
 import spack.build_systems.meson
 import spack.build_systems.python
@@ -64,20 +61,26 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
-import spack.multimethod
+import spack.main
 import spack.package_base
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
+import spack.repo
 import spack.schema.environment
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
 import spack.subprocess_context
+import spack.user_environment
 import spack.util.executable
+import spack.util.path
+import spack.util.pattern
 from spack import traverse
 from spack.context import Context
-from spack.error import InstallError, NoHeadersError, NoLibrariesError
+from spack.error import NoHeadersError, NoLibrariesError
 from spack.install_test import spack_install_test_log
+from spack.installer import InstallError
+from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.environment import (
     SYSTEM_DIR_CASE_ENTRY,
     EnvironmentModifications,
@@ -360,7 +363,7 @@ def set_compiler_environment_variables(pkg, env):
     _add_werror_handling(keep_werror, env)
 
     # Set the target parameters that the compiler will add
-    isa_arg = optimization_flags(compiler, spec.target)
+    isa_arg = spec.architecture.target.optimization_flags(compiler)
     env.set("SPACK_TARGET_ARGS", isa_arg)
 
     # Trap spack-tracked compiler flags as appropriate.
@@ -405,36 +408,6 @@ def set_compiler_environment_variables(pkg, env):
     return env
 
 
-def optimization_flags(compiler, target):
-    if spack.compilers.is_mixed_toolchain(compiler):
-        msg = (
-            "microarchitecture specific optimizations are not "
-            "supported yet on mixed compiler toolchains [check"
-            f" {compiler.name}@{compiler.version} for further details]"
-        )
-        tty.debug(msg)
-        return ""
-
-    # Try to check if the current compiler comes with a version number or
-    # has an unexpected suffix. If so, treat it as a compiler with a
-    # custom spec.
-    compiler_version = compiler.version
-    version_number, suffix = archspec.cpu.version_components(compiler.version)
-    if not version_number or suffix:
-        try:
-            compiler_version = compiler.real_version
-        except spack.util.executable.ProcessError as e:
-            # log this and just return compiler.version instead
-            tty.debug(str(e))
-
-    try:
-        result = target.optimization_flags(compiler.name, compiler_version.dotted_numeric_string)
-    except (ValueError, archspec.cpu.UnsupportedMicroarchitecture):
-        result = ""
-
-    return result
-
-
 def set_wrapper_variables(pkg, env):
     """Set environment variables used by the Spack compiler wrapper (which have the prefix
     `SPACK_`) and also add the compiler wrappers to PATH.
@@ -482,7 +455,7 @@ def set_wrapper_variables(pkg, env):
         env.set(SPACK_DEBUG, "TRUE")
     env.set(SPACK_SHORT_SPEC, pkg.spec.short_spec)
     env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_ID, pkg.spec.format("{name}-{hash:7}"))
-    env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_DIR, spack.paths.spack_working_dir)
+    env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_DIR, spack.main.spack_working_dir)
 
     if spack.config.get("config:ccache"):
         # Enable ccache in the compiler wrapper
@@ -589,7 +562,7 @@ def set_package_py_globals(pkg, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
         module.std_meson_args = spack.build_systems.meson.MesonBuilder.std_args(pkg)
         module.std_pip_args = spack.build_systems.python.PythonPipBuilder.std_args(pkg)
 
-    jobs = spack.config.determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=pkg.parallel)
+    jobs = determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=pkg.parallel)
     module.make_jobs = jobs
 
     # TODO: make these build deps that can be installed if not found.
@@ -815,6 +788,7 @@ def setup_package(pkg, dirty, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
     # Platform specific setup goes before package specific setup. This is for setting
     # defaults like MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on macOS.
     platform = spack.platforms.by_name(pkg.spec.architecture.platform)
+    target = platform.target(pkg.spec.architecture.target)
     platform.setup_platform_environment(pkg, env_mods)
 
     tty.debug("setup_package: grabbing modifications from dependencies")
@@ -839,6 +813,9 @@ def setup_package(pkg, dirty, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
         for mod in pkg.compiler.modules:
             load_module(mod)
 
+    if target and target.module_name:
+        load_module(target.module_name)
+
     load_external_modules(pkg)
 
     implicit_rpaths = pkg.compiler.implicit_rpaths()
@@ -1162,7 +1139,7 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
         return_value = function(pkg, kwargs)
         write_pipe.send(return_value)
 
-    except spack.error.StopPhase as e:
+    except StopPhase as e:
         # Do not create a full ChildError from this, it's not an error
         # it's a control statement.
         write_pipe.send(e)
@@ -1323,7 +1300,7 @@ def exitcode_msg(p):
     p.join()
 
     # If returns a StopPhase, raise it
-    if isinstance(child_result, spack.error.StopPhase):
+    if isinstance(child_result, StopPhase):
         # do not print
         raise child_result
 
@@ -1532,6 +1509,17 @@ def _make_child_error(msg, module, name, traceback, log, log_type, context):
     return ChildError(msg, module, name, traceback, log, log_type, context)
 
 
+class StopPhase(spack.error.SpackError):
+    """Pickle-able exception to control stopped builds."""
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return _make_stop_phase, (self.message, self.long_message)
+
+
+def _make_stop_phase(msg, long_msg):
+    return StopPhase(msg, long_msg)
+
+
 def write_log_summary(out, log_type, log, last=None):
     errors, warnings = parse_log_events(log)
     nerr = len(errors)

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/_checks.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import llnl.util.lang
 
 import spack.builder
-import spack.error
+import spack.installer
 import spack.relocate
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def check_paths(path_list, filetype, predicate):
             if not predicate(abs_path):
                 msg = "Install failed for {0}. No such {1} in prefix: {2}"
                 msg = msg.format(pkg.name, filetype, path)
-                raise spack.error.InstallError(msg)
+                raise spack.installer.InstallError(msg)
 
     check_paths(pkg.sanity_check_is_file, "file", os.path.isfile)
     check_paths(pkg.sanity_check_is_dir, "directory", os.path.isdir)
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def check_paths(path_list, filetype, predicate):
     ignore_file = llnl.util.lang.match_predicate(spack.store.STORE.layout.hidden_file_regexes)
     if all(map(ignore_file, os.listdir(pkg.prefix))):
         msg = "Install failed for {0}.  Nothing was installed!"
-        raise spack.error.InstallError(msg.format(pkg.name))
+        raise spack.installer.InstallError(msg.format(pkg.name))
 
 
 def apply_macos_rpath_fixups(builder: spack.builder.Builder):

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/autotools.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 
 import spack.build_environment
 import spack.builder
-import spack.error
 import spack.package_base
 from spack.directives import build_system, conflicts, depends_on
 from spack.multimethod import when
@@ -249,7 +248,7 @@ def runs_ok(script_abs_path):
 
         # An external gnuconfig may not not have a prefix.
         if gnuconfig_dir is None:
-            raise spack.error.InstallError(
+            raise spack.build_environment.InstallError(
                 "Spack could not find substitutes for GNU config files because no "
                 "prefix is available for the `gnuconfig` package. Make sure you set a "
                 "prefix path instead of modules for external `gnuconfig`."
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ def runs_ok(script_abs_path):
                 msg += (
                     " or the `gnuconfig` package prefix is misconfigured as" " an external package"
                 )
-            raise spack.error.InstallError(msg)
+            raise spack.build_environment.InstallError(msg)
 
         # Filter working substitutes
         candidates = [f for f in candidates if runs_ok(f)]
@@ -294,7 +293,9 @@ def runs_ok(script_abs_path):
    and set the prefix to the directory containing the `config.guess` and
    `config.sub` files.
 """
-            raise spack.error.InstallError(msg.format(", ".join(to_be_found), self.name))
+            raise spack.build_environment.InstallError(
+                msg.format(", ".join(to_be_found), self.name)
+            )
 
         # Copy the good files over the bad ones
         for abs_path in to_be_patched:
@@ -687,8 +688,9 @@ def _activate_or_not(
 
         variant = variant or name
 
-        # Defensively look that the name passed as argument is among variants
-        if not self.pkg.has_variant(variant):
+        # Defensively look that the name passed as argument is among
+        # variants
+        if variant not in self.pkg.variants:
             msg = '"{0}" is not a variant of "{1}"'
             raise KeyError(msg.format(variant, self.pkg.name))
 
@@ -697,19 +699,27 @@ def _activate_or_not(
 
         # Create a list of pairs. Each pair includes a configuration
         # option and whether or not that option is activated
-        vdef = self.pkg.get_variant(variant)
-        if set(vdef.values) == set((True, False)):
+        variant_desc, _ = self.pkg.variants[variant]
+        if set(variant_desc.values) == set((True, False)):
             # BoolValuedVariant carry information about a single option.
             # Nonetheless, for uniformity of treatment we'll package them
             # in an iterable of one element.
-            options = [(name, f"+{variant}" in spec)]
+            condition = "+{name}".format(name=variant)
+            options = [(name, condition in spec)]
         else:
+            condition = "{variant}={value}"
             # "feature_values" is used to track values which correspond to
             # features which can be enabled or disabled as understood by the
             # package's build system. It excludes values which have special
             # meanings and do not correspond to features (e.g. "none")
-            feature_values = getattr(vdef.values, "feature_values", None) or vdef.values
-            options = [(value, f"{variant}={value}" in spec) for value in feature_values]
+            feature_values = (
+                getattr(variant_desc.values, "feature_values", None) or variant_desc.values
+            )
+
+            options = [
+                (value, condition.format(variant=variant, value=value) in spec)
+                for value in feature_values
+            ]
 
         # For each allowed value in the list of values
         for option_value, activated in options:

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cached_cmake.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def define_cmake_cache_from_variant(self, cmake_var, variant=None, comment=""):
         if variant is None:
             variant = cmake_var.lower()
 
-        if not self.pkg.has_variant(variant):
+        if variant not in self.pkg.variants:
             raise KeyError('"{0}" is not a variant of "{1}"'.format(variant, self.pkg.name))
 
         if variant not in self.pkg.spec.variants:

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import spack.build_environment
 import spack.builder
 import spack.deptypes as dt
-import spack.error
 import spack.package_base
 from spack.directives import build_system, conflicts, depends_on, variant
 from spack.multimethod import when
@@ -146,7 +145,6 @@ def _values(x):
         default=default,
         values=_values,
         description="the build system generator to use",
-        when="build_system=cmake",
     )
     for x in not_used:
         conflicts(f"generator={x}")
@@ -346,7 +344,7 @@ def std_args(pkg, generator=None):
             msg = "Invalid CMake generator: '{0}'\n".format(generator)
             msg += "CMakePackage currently supports the following "
             msg += "primary generators: '{0}'".format("', '".join(valid_primary_generators))
-            raise spack.error.InstallError(msg)
+            raise spack.package_base.InstallError(msg)
 
         try:
             build_type = pkg.spec.variants["build_type"].value
@@ -506,7 +504,7 @@ def define_from_variant(self, cmake_var, variant=None):
         if variant is None:
             variant = cmake_var.lower()
 
-        if not self.pkg.has_variant(variant):
+        if variant not in self.pkg.variants:
             raise KeyError('"{0}" is not a variant of "{1}"'.format(variant, self.pkg.name))
 
         if variant not in self.pkg.spec.variants:

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/compiler.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 import spack.compiler
 import spack.package_base
-import spack.util.executable
 
 # Local "type" for type hints
 Path = Union[str, pathlib.Path]

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/intel.py

@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@
     install,
 )
 
-import spack.builder
 import spack.error
 from spack.build_environment import dso_suffix
-from spack.error import InstallError
+from spack.package_base import InstallError
 from spack.util.environment import EnvironmentModifications
 from spack.util.executable import Executable
 from spack.util.prefix import Prefix

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/oneapi.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 import spack.util.path
 from spack.build_environment import dso_suffix
 from spack.directives import conflicts, license, redistribute, variant
-from spack.error import InstallError
+from spack.package_base import InstallError
 from spack.util.environment import EnvironmentModifications
 from spack.util.executable import Executable
 

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/python.py

@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 import spack.detection
 import spack.multimethod
 import spack.package_base
-import spack.platforms
-import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack.directives import build_system, depends_on, extends

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/racket.py

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 
 import spack.builder
 from spack.build_environment import SPACK_NO_PARALLEL_MAKE
-from spack.config import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.directives import build_system, extends, maintainers
 from spack.package_base import PackageBase
+from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.environment import env_flag
 from spack.util.executable import Executable, ProcessError
 

lib/spack/spack/builder.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 from llnl.util import lang
 
-import spack.error
+import spack.build_environment
 import spack.multimethod
 
 #: Builder classes, as registered by the "builder" decorator
@@ -461,13 +461,15 @@ def _on_phase_start(self, instance):
         # If a phase has a matching stop_before_phase attribute,
         # stop the installation process raising a StopPhase
         if getattr(instance, "stop_before_phase", None) == self.name:
-            raise spack.error.StopPhase("Stopping before '{0}' phase".format(self.name))
+            raise spack.build_environment.StopPhase(
+                "Stopping before '{0}' phase".format(self.name)
+            )
 
     def _on_phase_exit(self, instance):
         # If a phase has a matching last_phase attribute,
         # stop the installation process raising a StopPhase
         if getattr(instance, "last_phase", None) == self.name:
-            raise spack.error.StopPhase("Stopping at '{0}' phase".format(self.name))
+            raise spack.build_environment.StopPhase("Stopping at '{0}' phase".format(self.name))
 
     def copy(self):
         return copy.deepcopy(self)

lib/spack/spack/caches.py

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
 from llnl.util.filesystem import mkdirp
 
 import spack.config
+import spack.error
 import spack.fetch_strategy
+import spack.mirror
 import spack.paths
 import spack.util.file_cache
 import spack.util.path

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 
 import spack
 import spack.binary_distribution as bindist
-import spack.concretize
 import spack.config as cfg
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.main
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@
 import spack.paths
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
+import spack.stage
 import spack.util.git
 import spack.util.gpg as gpg_util
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
@@ -1219,8 +1219,8 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
         # Capture the version of Spack used to generate the pipeline, that can be
         # passed to `git checkout` for version consistency. If we aren't in a Git
         # repository, presume we are a Spack release and use the Git tag instead.
-        spack_version = spack.get_version()
-        version_to_clone = spack.get_spack_commit() or f"v{spack.spack_version}"
+        spack_version = spack.main.get_version()
+        version_to_clone = spack.main.get_spack_commit() or f"v{spack.spack_version}"
 
         output_object["variables"] = {
             "SPACK_ARTIFACTS_ROOT": rel_artifacts_root,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/__init__.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 from llnl.util.tty.color import colorize
 
-import spack.config  # breaks a cycle.
+import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.error
 import spack.extensions

lib/spack/spack/cmd/arch.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 import llnl.util.tty.color as color
 
 import spack.platforms
-import spack.spec
 
 description = "print architecture information about this machine"
 section = "system"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/bootstrap.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 import spack.bootstrap.config
 import spack.bootstrap.core
 import spack.config
+import spack.main
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.util.path
-import spack.util.spack_yaml
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "manage bootstrap configuration"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -23,9 +23,14 @@
 import spack.error
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.oci.oci
+import spack.oci.opener
+import spack.relocate
+import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
+import spack.user_environment
+import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.util.parallel
 import spack.util.url as url_util
 import spack.util.web as web_util

lib/spack/spack/cmd/change.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.spec
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "change an existing spec in an environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/checksum.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
+import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.package_base import (

lib/spack/spack/cmd/ci.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import spack.cmd.buildcache as buildcache
 import spack.config as cfg
 import spack.environment as ev
+import spack.environment.depfile
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.util.gpg as gpg_util

lib/spack/spack/cmd/clean.py

@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@
 import llnl.util.filesystem
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
+import spack.bootstrap
 import spack.caches
-import spack.cmd
+import spack.cmd.test
 import spack.config
+import spack.repo
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
 import spack.util.path

lib/spack/spack/cmd/commands.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.config
 import spack.main
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.mirror
+import spack.modules
 import spack.reporters
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/confirmation.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.spec
 
 display_args = {"long": True, "show_flags": False, "variants": False, "indent": 4}
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/env_utility.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
+import spack.paths
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack import build_environment, traverse

lib/spack/spack/cmd/config.py

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.error
+import spack.repo
 import spack.schema.env
-import spack.spec
+import spack.schema.packages
 import spack.store
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ def config_remove(args):
         existing.pop(value, None)
     else:
         # This should be impossible to reach
-        raise spack.error.ConfigError("Config has nested non-dict values")
+        raise spack.config.ConfigError("Config has nested non-dict values")
 
     spack.config.set(path, existing, scope)
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ def _config_change(config_path, match_spec_str=None):
         if not changed:
             existing_requirements = spack.config.get(key_path)
             if isinstance(existing_requirements, str):
-                raise spack.error.ConfigError(
+                raise spack.config.ConfigError(
                     "'config change' needs to append a requirement,"
                     " but existing require: config is not a list"
                 )
@@ -536,11 +536,11 @@ def config_prefer_upstream(args):
         # Get and list all the variants that differ from the default.
         variants = []
         for var_name, variant in spec.variants.items():
-            if var_name in ["patches"] or not spec.package.has_variant(var_name):
+            if var_name in ["patches"] or var_name not in spec.package.variants:
                 continue
 
-            vdef = spec.package.get_variant(var_name)
-            if variant.value != vdef.default:
+            variant_desc, _ = spec.package.variants[var_name]
+            if variant.value != variant_desc.default:
                 variants.append(str(variant))
         variants.sort()
         variants = " ".join(variants)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 import spack.repo
 import spack.stage
+import spack.util.web
 from spack.spec import Spec
 from spack.url import (
     UndetectableNameError,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/debug.py

@@ -13,12 +13,11 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.filesystem import working_dir
 
-import spack
+import spack.config
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
-import spack.spec
-import spack.store
 import spack.util.git
+from spack.main import get_version
 from spack.util.executable import which
 
 description = "debugging commands for troubleshooting Spack"
@@ -90,7 +89,7 @@ def report(args):
     host_os = host_platform.operating_system("frontend")
     host_target = host_platform.target("frontend")
     architecture = spack.spec.ArchSpec((str(host_platform), str(host_os), str(host_target)))
-    print("* **Spack:**", spack.get_version())
+    print("* **Spack:**", get_version())
     print("* **Python:**", platform.python_version())
     print("* **Platform:**", architecture)
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dependencies.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.package_base
+import spack.repo
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/deprecate.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.installer
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.database import InstallStatuses
@@ -143,4 +142,4 @@ def deprecate(parser, args):
             tty.die("Will not deprecate any packages.")
 
     for dcate, dcator in zip(all_deprecate, all_deprecators):
-        spack.installer.deprecate(dcate, dcator, symlink)
+        dcate.package.do_deprecate(dcator, symlink)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dev_build.py

@@ -8,13 +8,10 @@
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
-import spack.build_environment
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.cmd.common.arguments
 import spack.config
 import spack.repo
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
-from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 
 description = "developer build: build from code in current working directory"
 section = "build"
@@ -132,9 +129,9 @@ def dev_build(self, args):
     elif args.test == "root":
         tests = [spec.name for spec in specs]
 
-    PackageInstaller(
-        [spec.package],
+    spec.package.do_install(
         tests=tests,
+        make_jobs=args.jobs,
         keep_prefix=args.keep_prefix,
         install_deps=not args.ignore_deps,
         verbose=not args.quiet,
@@ -142,7 +139,7 @@ def dev_build(self, args):
         stop_before=args.before,
         skip_patch=args.skip_patch,
         stop_at=args.until,
-    ).install()
+    )
 
     # drop into the build environment of the package?
     if args.shell is not None:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/develop.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.fetch_strategy
+import spack.package_base
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage

lib/spack/spack/cmd/diff.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.solver.asp as asp
+import spack.util.environment
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.cmd.common
 import spack.cmd.common.arguments
+import spack.cmd.install
 import spack.cmd.modules
+import spack.cmd.uninstall
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.environment.depfile as depfile
-import spack.environment.environment
 import spack.environment.shell
+import spack.schema.env
+import spack.spec
 import spack.tengine
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.util.environment import EnvironmentModifications

lib/spack/spack/cmd/external.py

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 import spack.cray_manifest as cray_manifest
 import spack.detection
 import spack.error
-import spack.package_base
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
+import spack.util.environment
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "manage external packages in Spack configuration"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/fetch.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
+import spack.repo
 import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/find.py

@@ -10,11 +10,10 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 import llnl.util.tty.color as color
 
+import spack.bootstrap
 import spack.cmd as cmd
-import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.repo
-import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.database import InstallStatuses

lib/spack/spack/cmd/info.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 import spack.install_test
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
-import spack.variant
 import spack.version
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.package_base import preferred_version
@@ -334,6 +333,26 @@ def _fmt_variant(variant, max_name_default_len, indent, when=None, out=None):
     out.write("\n")
 
 
+def _variants_by_name_when(pkg):
+    """Adaptor to get variants keyed by { name: { when: { [Variant...] } }."""
+    # TODO: replace with pkg.variants_by_name(when=True) when unified directive dicts are merged.
+    variants = {}
+    for name, (variant, whens) in sorted(pkg.variants.items()):
+        for when in whens:
+            variants.setdefault(name, {}).setdefault(when, []).append(variant)
+    return variants
+
+
+def _variants_by_when_name(pkg):
+    """Adaptor to get variants keyed by { when: { name: Variant } }"""
+    # TODO: replace with pkg.variants when unified directive dicts are merged.
+    variants = {}
+    for name, (variant, whens) in pkg.variants.items():
+        for when in whens:
+            variants.setdefault(when, {})[name] = variant
+    return variants
+
+
 def _print_variants_header(pkg):
     """output variants"""
 
@@ -344,22 +363,32 @@ def _print_variants_header(pkg):
     color.cprint("")
     color.cprint(section_title("Variants:"))
 
+    variants_by_name = _variants_by_name_when(pkg)
+
     # Calculate the max length of the "name [default]" part of the variant display
     # This lets us know where to print variant values.
     max_name_default_len = max(
         color.clen(_fmt_name_and_default(variant))
-        for name in pkg.variant_names()
-        for _, variant in pkg.variant_definitions(name)
+        for name, when_variants in variants_by_name.items()
+        for variants in when_variants.values()
+        for variant in variants
     )
 
-    return max_name_default_len
+    return max_name_default_len, variants_by_name
+
+
+def _unconstrained_ver_first(item):
+    """sort key that puts specs with open version ranges first"""
+    spec, _ = item
+    return (spack.version.any_version not in spec.versions, spec)
 
 
 def print_variants_grouped_by_when(pkg):
-    max_name_default_len = _print_variants_header(pkg)
+    max_name_default_len, _ = _print_variants_header(pkg)
 
     indent = 4
-    for when, variants_by_name in pkg.variant_items():
+    variants = _variants_by_when_name(pkg)
+    for when, variants_by_name in sorted(variants.items(), key=_unconstrained_ver_first):
         padded_values = max_name_default_len + 4
         start_indent = indent
 
@@ -377,14 +406,15 @@ def print_variants_grouped_by_when(pkg):
 
 
 def print_variants_by_name(pkg):
-    max_name_default_len = _print_variants_header(pkg)
+    max_name_default_len, variants_by_name = _print_variants_header(pkg)
     max_name_default_len += 4
 
     indent = 4
-    for name in pkg.variant_names():
-        for when, variant in pkg.variant_definitions(name):
-            _fmt_variant(variant, max_name_default_len, indent, when, out=sys.stdout)
-            sys.stdout.write("\n")
+    for name, when_variants in variants_by_name.items():
+        for when, variants in sorted(when_variants.items(), key=_unconstrained_ver_first):
+            for variant in variants:
+                _fmt_variant(variant, max_name_default_len, indent, when, out=sys.stdout)
+                sys.stdout.write("\n")
 
 
 def print_variants(pkg, args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/install.py

@@ -13,15 +13,18 @@
 from llnl.string import plural
 from llnl.util import lang, tty
 
+import spack.build_environment
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
+import spack.fetch_strategy
+import spack.package_base
 import spack.paths
 import spack.report
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
-from spack.error import InstallError, SpackError
+from spack.error import SpackError
 from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 
 description = "build and install packages"
@@ -284,7 +287,7 @@ def require_user_confirmation_for_overwrite(concrete_specs, args):
         tty.die("Reinstallation aborted.")
 
 
-def _dump_log_on_error(e: InstallError):
+def _dump_log_on_error(e: spack.build_environment.InstallError):
     e.print_context()
     assert e.pkg, "Expected InstallError to include the associated package"
     if not os.path.exists(e.pkg.log_path):
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ def reporter_factory(specs):
             install_with_active_env(env, args, install_kwargs, reporter_factory)
         else:
             install_without_active_env(args, install_kwargs, reporter_factory)
-    except InstallError as e:
+    except spack.build_environment.InstallError as e:
         if args.show_log_on_error:
             _dump_log_on_error(e)
         raise
@@ -474,5 +477,5 @@ def install_without_active_env(args, install_kwargs, reporter_factory):
 
         installs = [s.package for s in concrete_specs]
         install_kwargs["explicit"] = [s.dag_hash() for s in concrete_specs]
-        builder = PackageInstaller(installs, **install_kwargs)
+        builder = PackageInstaller(installs, install_kwargs)
         builder.install()

lib/spack/spack/cmd/load.py

@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
 import sys
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.cmd.common
+import spack.cmd.find
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.store
 import spack.user_environment as uenv
+import spack.util.environment
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "add package to the user environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mark.py

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 from llnl.util import tty
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.error
+import spack.package_base
+import spack.repo
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.database import InstallStatuses

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mirror.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
+import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.error import SpackError

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/__init__.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
-import spack.error
 import spack.modules
 import spack.modules.common
 import spack.repo
@@ -125,13 +124,13 @@ def check_module_set_name(name):
     names = [k for k in modules if k != "prefix_inspections"]
 
     if not names:
-        raise spack.error.ConfigError(
+        raise spack.config.ConfigError(
             f"Module set configuration is missing. Cannot use module set '{name}'"
         )
 
     pretty_names = "', '".join(names)
 
-    raise spack.error.ConfigError(
+    raise spack.config.ConfigError(
         f"Cannot use invalid module set '{name}'.",
         f"Valid module set names are: '{pretty_names}'.",
     )
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ def loads(module_type, specs, args, out=None):
     modules = list(
         (
             spec,
-            spack.modules.get_module(
+            spack.modules.common.get_module(
                 module_type,
                 spec,
                 get_full_path=False,
@@ -222,7 +221,7 @@ def find(module_type, specs, args):
 
     try:
         modules = [
-            spack.modules.get_module(
+            spack.modules.common.get_module(
                 module_type,
                 spec,
                 args.full_path,
@@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ def find(module_type, specs, args):
         ]
 
         modules.append(
-            spack.modules.get_module(
+            spack.modules.common.get_module(
                 module_type,
                 single_spec,
                 args.full_path,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/patch.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.package_base
+import spack.repo
 import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/pkg.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.paths
 import spack.repo
 import spack.util.executable as exe
 import spack.util.package_hash as ph

lib/spack/spack/cmd/python.py

@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ def python(parser, args, unknown_args):
 
     # Run user choice of interpreter
     if args.python_interpreter == "ipython":
-        return ipython_interpreter(args)
-    return python_interpreter(args)
+        return spack.cmd.python.ipython_interpreter(args)
+    return spack.cmd.python.python_interpreter(args)
 
 
 def ipython_interpreter(args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/restage.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.repo
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "revert checked out package source code"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/solve.py

@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@
 
 import spack
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.cmd.common.arguments
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment
 import spack.hash_types as ht
+import spack.package_base
 import spack.solver.asp as asp
-import spack.spec
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "concretize a specs using an ASP solver"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/spec.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
-import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "show what would be installed, given a spec"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/stage.py

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.package_base
+import spack.repo
+import spack.stage
 import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tags.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 import llnl.util.tty.colify as colify
 
-import spack.environment
 import spack.repo
+import spack.store
 import spack.tag
 
 description = "show package tags and associated packages"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/test.py

@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@
 from llnl.util.tty import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.install_test
+import spack.package_base
 import spack.repo
 import spack.report
-import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "run spack's tests for an install"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tutorial.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 from llnl.util.filesystem import working_dir
 
 import spack
-import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.paths
 import spack.util.git

lib/spack/spack/cmd/undevelop.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.config
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "remove specs from an environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unit_test.py

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
 import re
 import sys
 
-import spack.extensions
-
 try:
     import pytest
 except ImportError:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unload.py

@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@
 import sys
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.cmd.common
 import spack.error
-import spack.store
 import spack.user_environment as uenv
+import spack.util.environment
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "remove package from the user environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/verify.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
-import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.store
 import spack.verify

lib/spack/spack/compiler.py

@@ -202,6 +202,18 @@ class Compiler:
     support for specific compilers, their possible names, arguments,
     and how to identify the particular type of compiler."""
 
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names: List[str] = []
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names: List[str] = []
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names: List[str] = []
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names: List[str] = []
+
     # Optional prefix regexes for searching for this type of compiler.
     # Prefixes are sometimes used for toolchains
     prefixes: List[str] = []
@@ -607,6 +619,18 @@ def extract_version_from_output(cls, output):
     def cc_version(cls, cc):
         return cls.default_version(cc)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def cxx_version(cls, cxx):
+        return cls.default_version(cxx)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def f77_version(cls, f77):
+        return cls.default_version(f77)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fc_version(cls, fc):
+        return cls.default_version(fc)
+
     @classmethod
     def search_regexps(cls, language):
         # Compile all the regular expressions used for files beforehand.

lib/spack/spack/compilers/__init__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 """
 import importlib
 import os
-import re
 import sys
 import warnings
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
+import spack.version
 from spack.operating_systems import windows_os
 from spack.util.environment import get_path
 from spack.util.naming import mod_to_class
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ def get_compilers(config, cspec=None, arch_spec=None):
         except KeyError:
             # TODO: Check if this exception handling makes sense, or if we
             # TODO: need to change / refactor tests
-            family = str(arch_spec.target)
+            family = arch_spec.target
         except AttributeError:
             assert arch_spec is None
 
@@ -632,34 +632,37 @@ def is_mixed_toolchain(compiler):
     Args:
         compiler (spack.compiler.Compiler): a valid compiler object
     """
-    import spack.detection.path
-
-    executables = [
-        os.path.basename(compiler.cc or ""),
-        os.path.basename(compiler.cxx or ""),
-        os.path.basename(compiler.f77 or ""),
-        os.path.basename(compiler.fc or ""),
-    ]
+    cc = os.path.basename(compiler.cc or "")
+    cxx = os.path.basename(compiler.cxx or "")
+    f77 = os.path.basename(compiler.f77 or "")
+    fc = os.path.basename(compiler.fc or "")
 
     toolchains = set()
-    finder = spack.detection.path.ExecutablesFinder()
+    for compiler_cls in all_compiler_types():
+        # Inspect all the compiler toolchain we know. If a compiler is the
+        # only compiler supported there it belongs to that toolchain.
+        def name_matches(name, name_list):
+            # This is such that 'gcc' matches variations
+            # like 'ggc-9' etc that are found in distros
+            name, _, _ = name.partition("-")
+            return len(name_list) == 1 and name and name in name_list
 
-    for pkg_name in spack.repo.PATH.packages_with_tags(COMPILER_TAG):
-        pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-        patterns = finder.search_patterns(pkg=pkg_cls)
-        if not patterns:
-            continue
-        joined_pattern = re.compile(r"|".join(patterns))
-
-        if any(joined_pattern.search(exe) for exe in executables):
-            tty.debug(f"[TOOLCHAIN] MATCH {pkg_name}")
-            toolchains.add(pkg_name)
+        if any(
+            [
+                name_matches(cc, compiler_cls.cc_names),
+                name_matches(cxx, compiler_cls.cxx_names),
+                name_matches(f77, compiler_cls.f77_names),
+                name_matches(fc, compiler_cls.fc_names),
+            ]
+        ):
+            tty.debug("[TOOLCHAIN] MATCH {0}".format(compiler_cls.__name__))
+            toolchains.add(compiler_cls.__name__)
 
     if len(toolchains) > 1:
         if (
-            toolchains == {"llvm", "apple-clang", "aocc"}
+            toolchains == set(["Clang", "AppleClang", "Aocc"])
             # Msvc toolchain uses Intel ifx
-            or toolchains == {"msvc", "intel-oneapi-compilers"}
+            or toolchains == set(["Msvc", "Dpcpp", "Oneapi"])
         ):
             return False
         tty.debug("[TOOLCHAINS] {0}".format(toolchains))
@@ -803,11 +806,12 @@ def _extract_os_and_target(spec: "spack.spec.Spec"):
         if not spec.architecture:
             host_platform = spack.platforms.host()
             operating_system = host_platform.operating_system("default_os")
-            target = host_platform.target("default_target")
+            target = host_platform.target("default_target").microarchitecture
         else:
             target = spec.architecture.target
             if not target:
                 target = spack.platforms.host().target("default_target")
+            target = target.microarchitecture
 
             operating_system = spec.os
             if not operating_system:

lib/spack/spack/compilers/aocc.py

@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@
 
 
 class Aocc(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["clang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["clang++"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["flang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["flang"]
+
     version_argument = "--version"
 
     @property

lib/spack/spack/compilers/apple_clang.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 import spack.compiler
 import spack.compilers.clang
+import spack.util.executable
 from spack.version import Version
 
 

lib/spack/spack/compilers/arm.py

@@ -9,6 +9,18 @@
 
 
 class Arm(spack.compiler.Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["armclang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["armclang++"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["armflang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["armflang"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within lib/spack/env
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("arm", "armclang"),
@@ -78,3 +90,11 @@ def fc_pic_flag(self):
         return "-fPIC"
 
     required_libs = ["libclang", "libflang"]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fc_version(cls, fc):
+        return cls.default_version(fc)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def f77_version(cls, f77):
+        return cls.fc_version(f77)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/cce.py

@@ -19,6 +19,18 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if not self.is_clang_based:
             self.version_argument = "-V"
 
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["craycc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["crayCC"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["crayftn"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["crayftn"]
+
     # MacPorts builds gcc versions with prefixes and -mp-X.Y suffixes.
     suffixes = [r"-mp-\d\.\d"]
 

lib/spack/spack/compilers/clang.py

@@ -31,6 +31,18 @@
 
 
 class Clang(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["clang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["clang++"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["flang-new", "flang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["flang-new", "flang"]
+
     version_argument = "--version"
 
     @property

lib/spack/spack/compilers/fj.py

@@ -9,6 +9,18 @@
 
 
 class Fj(spack.compiler.Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["fcc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["FCC"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["frt"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["frt"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("fj", "fcc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/gcc.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 import os
+import re
 
 from llnl.util.filesystem import ancestor
 
@@ -14,6 +15,18 @@
 
 
 class Gcc(spack.compiler.Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["gcc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["g++"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["gfortran"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["gfortran"]
+
     # MacPorts builds gcc versions with prefixes and -mp-X or -mp-X.Y suffixes.
     # Homebrew and Linuxbrew may build gcc with -X, -X.Y suffixes.
     # Old compatibility versions may contain XY suffixes.
@@ -168,6 +181,40 @@ def default_version(cls, cc):
             version = cls.extract_version_from_output(output)
         return version
 
+    @classmethod
+    def fc_version(cls, fc):
+        """Older versions of gfortran use the ``-dumpversion`` option.
+        Output looks like this::
+
+            GNU Fortran (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)
+            Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+        or::
+
+            4.8.5
+
+        In GCC 7, this option was changed to only return the major
+        version of the compiler::
+
+            7
+
+        A new ``-dumpfullversion`` option was added that gives us
+        what we want::
+
+            7.2.0
+        """
+        output = spack.compiler.get_compiler_version_output(fc, "-dumpversion")
+        match = re.search(r"(?:GNU Fortran \(GCC\) )?([\d.]+)", output)
+        version = match.group(match.lastindex) if match else "unknown"
+        if Version(version) >= Version("7"):
+            output = spack.compiler.get_compiler_version_output(fc, "-dumpfullversion")
+            version = cls.extract_version_from_output(output)
+        return version
+
+    @classmethod
+    def f77_version(cls, f77):
+        return cls.fc_version(f77)
+
     @property
     def stdcxx_libs(self):
         return ("-lstdc++",)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/intel.py

@@ -11,6 +11,18 @@
 
 
 class Intel(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["icc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["icpc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["ifort"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["ifort"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("intel", "icc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/msvc.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Dict, List
 
 import archspec.cpu
 
@@ -117,6 +117,18 @@ def get_valid_fortran_pth():
 
 
 class Msvc(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names: List[str] = ["cl"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names: List[str] = ["cl"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names: List[str] = ["ifx"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names: List[str] = ["ifx"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     # Due to the challenges of supporting compiler wrappers
     # in Windows, we leave these blank, and dynamically compute
@@ -381,3 +393,7 @@ def fc_version(cls, fc):
             )
         clp = spack.util.executable.which_string("cl", path=sps)
         return cls.default_version(clp) if clp else fc_ver
+
+    @classmethod
+    def f77_version(cls, f77):
+        return cls.fc_version(f77)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/nag.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import os
 import re
+from typing import List
 
 import llnl.util.lang
 
@@ -12,6 +13,18 @@
 
 
 class Nag(spack.compiler.Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names: List[str] = []
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names: List[str] = []
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["nagfor"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["nagfor"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     # Use default wrappers for C and C++, in case provided in compilers.yaml
     link_paths = {

lib/spack/spack/compilers/nvhpc.py

@@ -9,6 +9,18 @@
 
 
 class Nvhpc(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["nvc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["nvc++"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["nvfortran"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["nvfortran"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("nvhpc", "nvc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/oneapi.py

@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@
 
 
 class Oneapi(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["icx"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["icpx"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["ifx"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["ifx"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("oneapi", "icx"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/pgi.py

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@
 
 
 class Pgi(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["pgcc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["pgc++", "pgCC"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["pgfortran", "pgf77"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["pgfortran", "pgf95", "pgf90"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("pgi", "pgcc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/rocmcc.py

@@ -11,6 +11,18 @@
 
 
 class Rocmcc(spack.compilers.clang.Clang):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["amdclang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["amdclang++"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["amdflang"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["amdflang"]
+
     @property
     def link_paths(self):
         link_paths = {
@@ -49,6 +61,14 @@ def extract_version_from_output(cls, output):
         if match:
             return ".".join(match.groups())
 
+    @classmethod
+    def fc_version(cls, fortran_compiler):
+        return cls.default_version(fortran_compiler)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def f77_version(cls, f77):
+        return cls.fc_version(f77)
+
     @property
     def stdcxx_libs(self):
         return ("-lstdc++",)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/xl.py

@@ -10,6 +10,18 @@
 
 
 class Xl(Compiler):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["xlc"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["xlC", "xlc++"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["xlf"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["xlf90", "xlf95", "xlf2003", "xlf2008"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("xl", "xlc"),
@@ -91,3 +103,31 @@ def fflags(self):
         # For Fortran 90 and beyond, it is set by default and has not impact.
         # Its use has no negative side effects.
         return "-qzerosize"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fc_version(cls, fc):
+        # The fortran and C/C++ versions of the XL compiler are always
+        # two units apart.  By this we mean that the fortran release that
+        # goes with XL C/C++ 11.1 is 13.1.  Having such a difference in
+        # version number is confusing spack quite a lot.  Most notably
+        # if you keep the versions as is the default xl compiler will
+        # only have fortran and no C/C++.  So we associate the Fortran
+        # compiler with the version associated to the C/C++ compiler.
+        # One last stumble. Version numbers over 10 have at least a .1
+        # those under 10 a .0. There is no xlf 9.x or under currently
+        # available. BG/P and BG/L can such a compiler mix and possibly
+        # older version of AIX and linux on power.
+        fortran_version = cls.default_version(fc)
+        if fortran_version >= 16:
+            # Starting with version 16.1, the XL C and Fortran compilers
+            # have the same version.  So no need to downgrade the Fortran
+            # compiler version to match that of the C compiler version.
+            return str(fortran_version)
+        c_version = float(fortran_version) - 2
+        if c_version < 10:
+            c_version = c_version - 0.1
+        return str(c_version)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def f77_version(cls, f77):
+        return cls.fc_version(f77)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/xl_r.py

@@ -9,6 +9,18 @@
 
 
 class XlR(spack.compilers.xl.Xl):
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
+    cc_names = ["xlc_r"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
+    cxx_names = ["xlC_r", "xlc++_r"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
+    f77_names = ["xlf_r"]
+
+    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
+    fc_names = ["xlf90_r", "xlf95_r", "xlf2003_r", "xlf2008_r"]
+
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("xl_r", "xlc_r"),

lib/spack/spack/concretize.py

@@ -8,8 +8,16 @@
 from contextlib import contextmanager
 from itertools import chain
 
+import spack.compilers
 import spack.config
+import spack.environment
 import spack.error
+import spack.platforms
+import spack.repo
+import spack.spec
+import spack.target
+import spack.tengine
+import spack.util.path
 
 CHECK_COMPILER_EXISTENCE = True
 

lib/spack/spack/config.py

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 
 from llnl.util import filesystem, lang, tty
 
-import spack.error
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.schema
@@ -49,19 +48,17 @@
 import spack.schema.compilers
 import spack.schema.concretizer
 import spack.schema.config
-import spack.schema.definitions
-import spack.schema.develop
 import spack.schema.env
 import spack.schema.mirrors
 import spack.schema.modules
 import spack.schema.packages
 import spack.schema.repos
 import spack.schema.upstreams
-import spack.schema.view
 
 # Hacked yaml for configuration files preserves line numbers.
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
 import spack.util.web as web_util
+from spack.error import SpackError
 from spack.util.cpus import cpus_available
 
 #: Dict from section names -> schema for that section
@@ -168,7 +165,7 @@ def get_section(self, section: str) -> Optional[YamlConfigDict]:
 
     def _write_section(self, section: str) -> None:
         if not self.writable:
-            raise spack.error.ConfigError(f"Cannot write to immutable scope {self}")
+            raise ConfigError(f"Cannot write to immutable scope {self}")
 
         filename = self.get_section_filename(section)
         data = self.get_section(section)
@@ -280,7 +277,7 @@ def get_section(self, section: str) -> Optional[YamlConfigDict]:
 
     def _write_section(self, section: str) -> None:
         if not self.writable:
-            raise spack.error.ConfigError(f"Cannot write to immutable scope {self}")
+            raise ConfigError(f"Cannot write to immutable scope {self}")
         data_to_write: Optional[YamlConfigDict] = self._raw_data
 
         # If there is no existing data, this section SingleFileScope has never
@@ -708,7 +705,7 @@ def print_section(self, section: str, blame: bool = False, *, scope=None) -> Non
             data[section] = self.get_config(section, scope=scope)
             syaml.dump_config(data, stream=sys.stdout, default_flow_style=False, blame=blame)
         except (syaml.SpackYAMLError, OSError) as e:
-            raise spack.error.ConfigError(f"cannot read '{section}' configuration") from e
+            raise ConfigError(f"cannot read '{section}' configuration") from e
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -810,7 +807,7 @@ def _add_command_line_scopes(
             _add_platform_scope(cfg, name, path, writable=False)
             continue
         else:
-            raise spack.error.ConfigError(f"Invalid configuration scope: {path}")
+            raise ConfigError(f"Invalid configuration scope: {path}")
 
         for scope in manifest.env_config_scopes:
             scope.name = f"{name}:{scope.name}"
@@ -1022,7 +1019,7 @@ def change_or_add(
 
     if found:
         update_fn(section)
-        CONFIG.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
+        spack.config.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
         return
 
     # If no scope meets the criteria specified by ``find_fn``,
@@ -1035,14 +1032,14 @@ def change_or_add(
             break
 
     if found:
-        CONFIG.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
+        spack.config.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
         return
 
     # If no scopes define any config for the named section, then
     # modify the highest-priority scope.
     scope, section = configs_by_section[0]
     update_fn(section)
-    CONFIG.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
+    spack.config.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
 
 
 def update_all(section_name: str, change_fn: Callable[[str], bool]) -> None:
@@ -1054,7 +1051,7 @@ def update_all(section_name: str, change_fn: Callable[[str], bool]) -> None:
     for scope, section in configs_by_section:
         modified = change_fn(section)
         if modified:
-            CONFIG.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
+            spack.config.set(section_name, section, scope=scope)
 
 
 def _validate_section_name(section: str) -> None:
@@ -1228,7 +1225,7 @@ def get_valid_type(path):
                     return types[schema_type]()
     else:
         return type(None)
-    raise spack.error.ConfigError(f"Cannot determine valid type for path '{path}'.")
+    raise ConfigError(f"Cannot determine valid type for path '{path}'.")
 
 
 def remove_yaml(dest, source):
@@ -1271,7 +1268,7 @@ def they_are(t):
             unmerge = sk in dest
             old_dest_value = dest.pop(sk, None)
 
-            if unmerge and not _override(sk):
+            if unmerge and not spack.config._override(sk):
                 dest[sk] = remove_yaml(old_dest_value, sv)
 
         return dest
@@ -1708,48 +1705,40 @@ def get_mark_from_yaml_data(obj):
     return mark
 
 
-def determine_number_of_jobs(
-    *,
-    parallel: bool = False,
-    max_cpus: int = cpus_available(),
-    config: Optional[Configuration] = None,
-) -> int:
+def parse_spec_from_yaml_string(string: str) -> "spack.spec.Spec":
+    """Parse a spec from YAML and add file/line info to errors, if it's available.
+
+    Parse a ``Spec`` from the supplied string, but also intercept any syntax errors and
+    add file/line information for debugging using file/line annotations from the string.
+
+    Arguments:
+        string: a string representing a ``Spec`` from config YAML.
+
     """
-    Packages that require sequential builds need 1 job. Otherwise we use the
-    number of jobs set on the command line. If not set, then we use the config
-    defaults (which is usually set through the builtin config scope), but we
-    cap to the number of CPUs available to avoid oversubscription.
-
-    Parameters:
-        parallel: true when package supports parallel builds
-        max_cpus: maximum number of CPUs to use (defaults to cpus_available())
-        config: configuration object (defaults to global config)
-    """
-    if not parallel:
-        return 1
-
-    cfg = config or CONFIG
-
-    # Command line overrides all
     try:
-        command_line = cfg.get("config:build_jobs", default=None, scope="command_line")
-        if command_line is not None:
-            return command_line
-    except ValueError:
-        pass
-
-    return min(max_cpus, cfg.get("config:build_jobs", 16))
+        spec = spack.spec.Spec(string)
+        return spec
+    except spack.parser.SpecSyntaxError as e:
+        mark = spack.config.get_mark_from_yaml_data(string)
+        if mark:
+            msg = f"{mark.name}:{mark.line + 1}: {str(e)}"
+            raise spack.parser.SpecSyntaxError(msg) from e
+        raise e
 
 
-class ConfigSectionError(spack.error.ConfigError):
+class ConfigError(SpackError):
+    """Superclass for all Spack config related errors."""
+
+
+class ConfigSectionError(ConfigError):
     """Error for referring to a bad config section name in a configuration."""
 
 
-class ConfigFileError(spack.error.ConfigError):
+class ConfigFileError(ConfigError):
     """Issue reading or accessing a configuration file."""
 
 
-class ConfigFormatError(spack.error.ConfigError):
+class ConfigFormatError(ConfigError):
     """Raised when a configuration format does not match its schema."""
 
     def __init__(

lib/spack/spack/container/writers/__init__.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 convenience functions.
 """
 import copy
-import shlex
 from collections import namedtuple
 from typing import Optional
 
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@
 import spack.tengine as tengine
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
 
-from .images import (
+from ..images import (
     bootstrap_template_for,
     build_info,
     checkout_command,
@@ -309,54 +308,7 @@ def __call__(self):
         return t.render(**self.to_dict())
 
 
-@writer("docker")
-class DockerContext(PathContext):
-    """Context used to instantiate a Dockerfile"""
-
-    #: Name of the template used for Dockerfiles
-    template_name = "container/Dockerfile"
-
-    @tengine.context_property
-    def manifest(self):
-        manifest_str = super().manifest
-        # Docker doesn't support HEREDOC, so we need to resort to
-        # a horrible echo trick to have the manifest in the Dockerfile
-        echoed_lines = []
-        for idx, line in enumerate(manifest_str.split("\n")):
-            quoted_line = shlex.quote(line)
-            if idx == 0:
-                echoed_lines.append("&&  (echo " + quoted_line + " \\")
-                continue
-            echoed_lines.append("&&   echo " + quoted_line + " \\")
-
-        echoed_lines[-1] = echoed_lines[-1].replace(" \\", ")")
-
-        return "\n".join(echoed_lines)
-
-
-@writer("singularity")
-class SingularityContext(PathContext):
-    """Context used to instantiate a Singularity definition file"""
-
-    #: Name of the template used for Singularity definition files
-    template_name = "container/singularity.def"
-
-    @property
-    def singularity_config(self):
-        return self.container_config.get("singularity", {})
-
-    @tengine.context_property
-    def runscript(self):
-        return self.singularity_config.get("runscript", "")
-
-    @tengine.context_property
-    def startscript(self):
-        return self.singularity_config.get("startscript", "")
-
-    @tengine.context_property
-    def test(self):
-        return self.singularity_config.get("test", "")
-
-    @tengine.context_property
-    def help(self):
-        return self.singularity_config.get("help", "")
+# Import after function definition all the modules in this package,
+# so that registration of writers will happen automatically
+from . import docker  # noqa: F401 E402
+from . import singularity  # noqa: F401 E402

lib/spack/spack/container/writers/docker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+import shlex
+
+import spack.tengine as tengine
+
+from . import PathContext, writer
+
+
+@writer("docker")
+class DockerContext(PathContext):
+    """Context used to instantiate a Dockerfile"""
+
+    #: Name of the template used for Dockerfiles
+    template_name = "container/Dockerfile"
+
+    @tengine.context_property
+    def manifest(self):
+        manifest_str = super().manifest
+        # Docker doesn't support HEREDOC, so we need to resort to
+        # a horrible echo trick to have the manifest in the Dockerfile
+        echoed_lines = []
+        for idx, line in enumerate(manifest_str.split("\n")):
+            quoted_line = shlex.quote(line)
+            if idx == 0:
+                echoed_lines.append("&&  (echo " + quoted_line + " \\")
+                continue
+            echoed_lines.append("&&   echo " + quoted_line + " \\")
+
+        echoed_lines[-1] = echoed_lines[-1].replace(" \\", ")")
+
+        return "\n".join(echoed_lines)