cans: update homepage and url (#46488)

* Introduce the bufr_query library from NOAA-EMC (#461)

This PR adds in a new package.py script for the new bufr_query library from NOAA-EMC. This is being used by JEDI and other applications.

* Add explicit build dependency spec to the pybind11 depends_on spec

Co-authored-by: Wouter Deconinck <wdconinc@gmail.com>

* Convert patch file to the URL form which pulls the changes from github.

Co-authored-by: Wouter Deconinck <wdconinc@gmail.com>

* Added new version (0.0.3) and removed obsolete site-packages.patch file

---------

Co-authored-by: Wouter Deconinck <wdconinc@gmail.com>

.devcontainer/ubuntu20.04/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 {
+  "name": "Ubuntu 20.04",
   "image": "ghcr.io/spack/ubuntu20.04-runner-amd64-gcc-11.4:2023.08.01",
   "postCreateCommand": "./.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh"
 }

.devcontainer/ubuntu22.04/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "name": "Ubuntu 22.04",
+  "image": "ghcr.io/spack/ubuntu-22.04:v2024-05-07",
+  "postCreateCommand": "./.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh"
+}

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         python -m pip install --upgrade pywin32
     - name: Package audits (with coverage)
+      env:
+          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-audits-${{ matrix.system.os }}
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
       run: |
           . share/spack/setup-env.sh
@@ -47,27 +49,26 @@ jobs:
           coverage run $(which spack) audit configs
           coverage run $(which spack) -d audit externals
           coverage combine
-          coverage xml
     - name: Package audits (without coverage)
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'false' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
       run: |
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh          
+          . share/spack/setup-env.sh
           spack -d audit packages
           spack -d audit configs
           spack -d audit externals
     - name: Package audits (without coverage)
       if: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' }}
       run: |
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh          
+          . share/spack/setup-env.sh
           spack -d audit packages
           ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
           spack -d audit configs
           ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
           spack -d audit externals
           ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
-      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
+      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
       with:
-        flags: unittests,audits
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
+        name: coverage-audits-${{ matrix.system.os }}
+        path: coverage
+        include-hidden-files: true

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -84,8 +84,30 @@ jobs:
     needs: [ prechecks, changes ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml
     secrets: inherit
+  upload-coverage:
+    needs: [ unit-tests, prechecks ]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - name: Download coverage files
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@fa0a91b85d4f404e444e00e005971372dc801d16
+      with:
+        pattern: coverage-*
+        path: coverage
+        merge-multiple: true
+    - run: pip install --upgrade coverage
+    - run: ls -la coverage
+    - run: coverage combine -a coverage/.coverage*
+    - run: coverage xml
+    - name: "Upload coverage"
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        verbose: true
   all:
-    needs: [ unit-tests, bootstrap ]
+    needs: [ upload-coverage, bootstrap ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - name: Success

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml

@@ -76,14 +76,15 @@ jobs:
           SPACK_PYTHON: python
           SPACK_TEST_PARALLEL: 2
           COVERAGE: true
+          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
           UNIT_TEST_COVERAGE: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.11' }}
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
       with:
-        flags: unittests,linux,${{ matrix.concretizer }}
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
+        name: coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        path: coverage
+        include-hidden-files: true
   # Test shell integration
   shell:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -112,11 +113,11 @@ jobs:
           COVERAGE: true
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-shell-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
       with:
-        flags: shelltests,linux
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
+        name: coverage-shell
+        path: coverage
+        include-hidden-files: true
 
   # Test RHEL8 UBI with platform Python. This job is run
   # only on PRs modifying core Spack
@@ -170,13 +171,14 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run unit tests (full suite with coverage)
       env:
           COVERAGE: true
+          COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-clingo-cffi
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
       with:
-        flags: unittests,linux,clingo
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
+        name: coverage-clingo-cffi
+        path: coverage
+        include-hidden-files: true
   # Run unit tests on MacOS
   macos:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -201,6 +203,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Run unit tests
       env:
         SPACK_TEST_PARALLEL: 4
+        COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
       run: |
         git --version
         . .github/workflows/bin/setup_git.sh
@@ -209,11 +212,11 @@ jobs:
         $(which spack) solve zlib
         common_args=(--dist loadfile --tx '4*popen//python=./bin/spack-tmpconfig python -u ./bin/spack python' -x)
         $(which spack) unit-test --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml "${common_args[@]}"
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
       with:
-        flags: unittests,macos
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
+        name: coverage-${{ matrix.os }}-python${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        path: coverage
+        include-hidden-files: true
   # Run unit tests on Windows
   windows:
     defaults:
@@ -235,13 +238,13 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         ./.github/workflows/bin/setup_git.ps1
     - name: Unit Test
+      env:
+        COVERAGE_FILE: coverage/.coverage-windows
       run: |
         spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml
         ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-        coverage combine -a
-        coverage xml
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@e28ff129e5465c2c0dcc6f003fc735cb6ae0c673
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@50769540e7f4bd5e21e526ee35c689e35e0d6874
       with:
-        flags: unittests,windows
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
+        name: coverage-windows
+        path: coverage
+        include-hidden-files: true

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -87,3 +87,62 @@ jobs:
           spack -d bootstrap now --dev
           spack style -t black
           spack unit-test -V
+  import-check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@v2
+      with:
+        version: '1.10'
+    - uses: julia-actions/cache@v2
+
+    # PR: use the base of the PR as the old commit
+    - name: Checkout PR base commit
+      if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
+      with:
+        ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+        path: old
+    # not a PR: use the previous commit as the old commit
+    - name: Checkout previous commit
+      if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 2
+        path: old
+    - name: Checkout previous commit
+      if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+      run: git -C old reset --hard HEAD^
+
+    - name: Checkout new commit
+      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
+      with:
+        path: new
+    - name: Install circular import checker
+      uses: actions/checkout@692973e3d937129bcbf40652eb9f2f61becf3332
+      with:
+        repository: haampie/circular-import-fighter
+        ref: 555519c6fd5564fd2eb844e7b87e84f4d12602e2
+        path: circular-import-fighter
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
+      run: make -j dependencies
+    - name: Import cycles before
+      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
+      run: make SPACK_ROOT=../old && cp solution solution.old
+    - name: Import cycles after
+      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
+      run: make clean-graph && make SPACK_ROOT=../new && cp solution solution.new
+    - name: Compare import cycles
+      working-directory: circular-import-fighter
+      run: |
+        edges_before="$(grep -oP 'edges to delete: \K\d+' solution.old)"
+        edges_after="$(grep -oP 'edges to delete: \K\d+' solution.new)"
+        if [ "$edges_after" -gt "$edges_before" ]; then
+          printf '\033[1;31mImport check failed: %s imports need to be deleted, ' "$edges_after"
+          printf 'previously this was %s\033[0m\n'  "$edges_before"
+          printf 'Compare \033[1;97m"Import cycles before"\033[0m and '
+          printf '\033[1;97m"Import cycles after"\033[0m to see problematic imports.\n'
+          exit 1
+        else
+          printf '\033[1;32mImport check passed: %s <= %s\033[0m\n' "$edges_after" "$edges_before"
+        fi

etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml

@@ -115,12 +115,6 @@ config:
   suppress_gpg_warnings: false
 
 
-  # If set to true, Spack will attempt to build any compiler on the spec
-  # that is not already available. If set to False, Spack will only use
-  # compilers already configured in compilers.yaml
-  install_missing_compilers: false
-
-
   # If set to true, Spack will always check checksums after downloading
   # archives. If false, Spack skips the checksum step.
   checksum: true

lib/spack/docs/basic_usage.rst

@@ -1175,6 +1175,17 @@ unspecified version, but packages can depend on other packages with
 could depend on ``mpich@1.2:`` if it can only build with version
 ``1.2`` or higher of ``mpich``.
 
+.. note:: Windows Spec Syntax Caveats
+   Windows has a few idiosyncrasies when it comes to the Spack spec syntax and the use of certain shells
+   Spack's spec dependency syntax uses the carat (``^``) character, however this is an escape string in CMD
+   so it must be escaped with an additional carat (i.e. ``^^``).
+   CMD also will attempt to interpret strings with ``=`` characters in them. Any spec including this symbol
+   must double quote the string.
+
+   Note: All of these issues are unique to CMD, they can be avoided by using Powershell.
+
+   For more context on these caveats see the related issues: `carat <https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/42833>`_ and `equals <https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/43348>`_
+
 Below are more details about the specifiers that you can add to specs.
 
 .. _version-specifier:

lib/spack/docs/chain.rst

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 .. chain:
 
-============================
-Chaining Spack Installations
-============================
+=============================================
+Chaining Spack Installations (upstreams.yaml)
+=============================================
 
 You can point your Spack installation to another installation to use any
 packages that are installed there. To register the other Spack instance,

lib/spack/docs/conf.py

@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ def setup(sphinx):
     ("py:class", "spack.spec.SpecfileReaderBase"),
     ("py:class", "spack.install_test.Pb"),
     ("py:class", "spack.filesystem_view.SimpleFilesystemView"),
+    ("py:class", "spack.traverse.EdgeAndDepth"),
 ]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.

lib/spack/docs/developer_guide.rst

@@ -181,10 +181,6 @@ Spec-related modules
 :mod:`spack.parser`
   Contains :class:`~spack.parser.SpecParser` and functions related to parsing specs.
 
-:mod:`spack.concretize`
-  Contains :class:`~spack.concretize.Concretizer` implementation,
-  which allows site administrators to change Spack's :ref:`concretization-policies`.
-
 :mod:`spack.version`
   Implements a simple :class:`~spack.version.Version` class with simple
   comparison semantics.  Also implements :class:`~spack.version.VersionRange`

lib/spack/docs/environments.rst

@@ -893,9 +893,8 @@ The valid variables for a ``when`` clause are:
 
 #. ``env``. The user environment (usually ``os.environ`` in Python).
 
-#. ``hostname``. The hostname of the system.
-
-#. ``full_hostname``. The fully qualified hostname of the system.
+#. ``hostname``. The hostname of the system (if ``hostname`` is an
+   executable in the user's PATH).
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 SpecLists as Constraints

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -1475,16 +1475,14 @@ in a Windows CMD prompt.
 Step 3: Run and configure Spack
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-To use Spack, run ``bin\spack_cmd.bat`` (you may need to Run as Administrator) from the top-level spack
-directory. This will provide a Windows command prompt with an environment properly set up with Spack
-and its prerequisites. If you receive a warning message that Python is not in your ``PATH``
+On Windows, Spack supports both primary native shells, Powershell and the traditional command prompt.
+To use Spack, pick your favorite shell, and run ``bin\spack_cmd.bat`` or ``share/spack/setup-env.ps1``
+(you may need to Run as Administrator) from the top-level spack
+directory. This will provide a Spack enabled shell. If you receive a warning message that Python is not in your ``PATH``
 (which may happen if you installed Python from the website and not the Windows Store) add the location
 of the Python executable to your ``PATH`` now. You can permanently add Python to your ``PATH`` variable
 by using the ``Edit the system environment variables`` utility in Windows Control Panel.
 
-.. note::
-   Alternatively, Powershell can be used in place of CMD
-
 To configure Spack, first run the following command inside the Spack console:
 
 .. code-block:: console
@@ -1549,7 +1547,7 @@ and not tabs, so ensure that this is the case when editing one directly.
 
 .. note:: Cygwin
    The use of Cygwin is not officially supported by Spack and is not tested.
-   However Spack will not throw an error, so use if choosing to use Spack
+   However Spack will not prevent this, so use if choosing to use Spack
    with Cygwin, know that no functionality is garunteed.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -1563,21 +1561,12 @@ Spack console via:
 
    spack install cpuinfo
 
-If in the previous step, you did not have CMake or Ninja installed, running the command above should bootstrap both packages
+If in the previous step, you did not have CMake or Ninja installed, running the command above should install both packages
 
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-Windows Compatible Packages
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+.. note:: Spec Syntax Caveats
+   Windows has a few idiosyncrasies when it comes to the Spack spec syntax and the use of certain shells
+   See the Spack spec syntax doc for more information
 
-Not all spack packages currently have Windows support. Some are inherently incompatible with the
-platform, and others simply have yet to be ported. To view the current set of packages with Windows
-support, the list command should be used via `spack list -t windows`. If there's a package you'd like
-to install on Windows but is not in that list, feel free to reach out to request the port or contribute
-the port yourself.
-
-.. note::
-   This is by no means a comprehensive list, some packages may have ports that were not tagged
-   while others may just work out of the box on Windows and have not been tagged as such.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 For developers
@@ -1588,5 +1577,3 @@ Python, Git, and Spack, instead of requiring the user to do so manually.
 Instructions for creating the installer are at
 https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/lib/spack/spack/cmd/installer/README.md
 
-Alternatively a pre-built copy of the Windows installer is available as an artifact of Spack's Windows CI
-available at each run of the CI on develop or any PR.

lib/spack/docs/pipelines.rst

@@ -663,11 +663,7 @@ build the package.
 
 When including a bootstrapping phase as in the example above, the result is that
 the bootstrapped compiler packages will be pushed to the binary mirror (and the
-local artifacts mirror) before the actual release specs are built. In this case,
-the jobs corresponding to subsequent release specs are configured to
-``install_missing_compilers``, so that if spack is asked to install a package
-with a compiler it doesn't know about, it can be quickly installed from the
-binary mirror first.
+local artifacts mirror) before the actual release specs are built.
 
 Since bootstrapping compilers is optional, those items can be left out of the
 environment/stack file, and in that case no bootstrapping will be done (only the

lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ sphinx-rtd-theme==2.0.0
 python-levenshtein==0.25.1
 docutils==0.20.1
 pygments==2.18.0
-urllib3==2.2.2
-pytest==8.3.2
+urllib3==2.2.3
+pytest==8.3.3
 isort==5.13.2
 black==24.8.0
 flake8==7.1.1

lib/spack/external/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 * Homepage: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/archspec
 * Usage: Labeling, comparison and detection of microarchitectures
-* Version: 0.2.5-dev (commit 7e6740012b897ae4a950f0bba7e9726b767e921f)
+* Version: 0.2.5-dev (commit cbb1fd5eb397a70d466e5160b393b87b0dbcc78f)
 
 astunparse
 ----------------

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures.json

@@ -2844,8 +2844,7 @@
           "asimdrdm",
           "lrcpc",
           "dcpop",
-          "asimddp",
-          "ssbs"
+          "asimddp"
       ],
       "compilers" : {
           "gcc": [
@@ -2942,7 +2941,6 @@
           "uscat",
           "ilrcpc",
           "flagm",
-          "ssbs",
           "dcpodp",
           "svei8mm",
           "svebf16",
@@ -3010,7 +3008,7 @@
               },
               {
                   "versions": "11:",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+ssbs+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
+                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
               },
               {
                   "versions": "12:",
@@ -3066,7 +3064,6 @@
 	  "uscat",
 	  "ilrcpc",
 	  "flagm",
-	  "ssbs",
 	  "sb",
 	  "dcpodp",
 	  "sve2",
@@ -3179,7 +3176,6 @@
 	  "uscat",
 	  "ilrcpc",
 	  "flagm",
-	  "ssbs",
 	  "sb",
 	  "dcpodp",
 	  "sve2",

lib/spack/spack/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
+import os
+import re
+from typing import Optional
+
+import spack.paths
+import spack.util.git
+
 #: PEP440 canonical <major>.<minor>.<micro>.<devN> string
 __version__ = "0.23.0.dev0"
 spack_version = __version__
@@ -19,4 +26,47 @@ def __try_int(v):
 spack_version_info = tuple([__try_int(v) for v in __version__.split(".")])
 
 
-__all__ = ["spack_version_info", "spack_version"]
+def get_spack_commit() -> Optional[str]:
+    """Get the Spack git commit sha.
+
+    Returns:
+        (str or None) the commit sha if available, otherwise None
+    """
+    git_path = os.path.join(spack.paths.prefix, ".git")
+    if not os.path.exists(git_path):
+        return None
+
+    git = spack.util.git.git()
+    if not git:
+        return None
+
+    rev = git(
+        "-C",
+        spack.paths.prefix,
+        "rev-parse",
+        "HEAD",
+        output=str,
+        error=os.devnull,
+        fail_on_error=False,
+    )
+    if git.returncode != 0:
+        return None
+
+    match = re.match(r"[a-f\d]{7,}$", rev)
+    return match.group(0) if match else None
+
+
+def get_version() -> str:
+    """Get a descriptive version of this instance of Spack.
+
+    Outputs '<PEP440 version> (<git commit sha>)'.
+
+    The commit sha is only added when available.
+    """
+    commit = get_spack_commit()
+    if commit:
+        return f"{spack_version} ({commit})"
+    return spack_version
+
+
+__all__ = ["spack_version_info", "spack_version", "get_version", "get_spack_commit"]

lib/spack/spack/audit.py

@@ -46,11 +46,14 @@ def _search_duplicate_compilers(error_cls):
 import pickle
 import re
 import warnings
+from typing import Iterable, List, Set, Tuple
 from urllib.request import urlopen
 
 import llnl.util.lang
 
+import spack.builder
 import spack.config
+import spack.fetch_strategy
 import spack.patch
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
@@ -73,7 +76,9 @@ def __init__(self, summary, details):
         self.details = tuple(details)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return self.summary + "\n" + "\n".join(["    " + detail for detail in self.details])
+        if self.details:
+            return f"{self.summary}\n" + "\n".join(f"    {detail}" for detail in self.details)
+        return self.summary
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if self.summary != other.summary or self.details != other.details:
@@ -277,7 +282,7 @@ def _avoid_mismatched_variants(error_cls):
             pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
             for variant in current_spec.variants.values():
                 # Variant does not exist at all
-                if variant.name not in pkg_cls.variants:
+                if variant.name not in pkg_cls.variant_names():
                     summary = (
                         f"Setting a preference for the '{pkg_name}' package to the "
                         f"non-existing variant '{variant.name}'"
@@ -286,9 +291,8 @@ def _avoid_mismatched_variants(error_cls):
                     continue
 
                 # Variant cannot accept this value
-                s = spack.spec.Spec(pkg_name)
                 try:
-                    s.update_variant_validate(variant.name, variant.value)
+                    spack.variant.prevalidate_variant_value(pkg_cls, variant, strict=True)
                 except Exception:
                     summary = (
                         f"Setting the variant '{variant.name}' of the '{pkg_name}' package "
@@ -658,9 +662,15 @@ def _ensure_env_methods_are_ported_to_builders(pkgs, error_cls):
     errors = []
     for pkg_name in pkgs:
         pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-        buildsystem_variant, _ = pkg_cls.variants["build_system"]
-        buildsystem_names = [getattr(x, "value", x) for x in buildsystem_variant.values]
-        builder_cls_names = [spack.builder.BUILDER_CLS[x].__name__ for x in buildsystem_names]
+
+        # values are either Value objects (for conditional values) or the values themselves
+        build_system_names = set(
+            v.value if isinstance(v, spack.variant.Value) else v
+            for _, variant in pkg_cls.variant_definitions("build_system")
+            for v in variant.values
+        )
+        builder_cls_names = [spack.builder.BUILDER_CLS[x].__name__ for x in build_system_names]
+
         module = pkg_cls.module
         has_builders_in_package_py = any(
             getattr(module, name, False) for name in builder_cls_names
@@ -679,6 +689,88 @@ def _ensure_env_methods_are_ported_to_builders(pkgs, error_cls):
     return errors
 
 
+class DeprecatedMagicGlobals(ast.NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self, magic_globals: Iterable[str]):
+        super().__init__()
+
+        self.magic_globals: Set[str] = set(magic_globals)
+
+        # State to track whether we're in a class function
+        self.depth: int = 0
+        self.in_function: bool = False
+        self.path = (ast.Module, ast.ClassDef, ast.FunctionDef)
+
+        # Defined locals in the current function (heuristically at least)
+        self.locals: Set[str] = set()
+
+        # List of (name, lineno) tuples for references to magic globals
+        self.references_to_globals: List[Tuple[str, int]] = []
+
+    def descend_in_function_def(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(node, self.path[self.depth]):
+            return
+        self.depth += 1
+        if self.depth == len(self.path):
+            self.in_function = True
+        super().generic_visit(node)
+        if self.depth == len(self.path):
+            self.in_function = False
+            self.locals.clear()
+        self.depth -= 1
+
+    def generic_visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
+        # Recurse into function definitions
+        if self.depth < len(self.path):
+            return self.descend_in_function_def(node)
+        elif not self.in_function:
+            return
+        elif isinstance(node, ast.Global):
+            for name in node.names:
+                if name in self.magic_globals:
+                    self.references_to_globals.append((name, node.lineno))
+        elif isinstance(node, ast.Assign):
+            # visit the rhs before lhs
+            super().visit(node.value)
+            for target in node.targets:
+                super().visit(target)
+        elif isinstance(node, ast.Name) and node.id in self.magic_globals:
+            if isinstance(node.ctx, ast.Load) and node.id not in self.locals:
+                self.references_to_globals.append((node.id, node.lineno))
+            elif isinstance(node.ctx, ast.Store):
+                self.locals.add(node.id)
+        else:
+            super().generic_visit(node)
+
+
+@package_properties
+def _uses_deprecated_globals(pkgs, error_cls):
+    """Ensure that packages do not use deprecated globals"""
+    errors = []
+
+    for pkg_name in pkgs:
+        # some packages scheduled to be removed in v0.23 are not worth fixing.
+        pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
+        if all(v.get("deprecated", False) for v in pkg_cls.versions.values()):
+            continue
+
+        file = spack.repo.PATH.filename_for_package_name(pkg_name)
+        tree = ast.parse(open(file).read())
+        visitor = DeprecatedMagicGlobals(("std_cmake_args",))
+        visitor.visit(tree)
+        if visitor.references_to_globals:
+            errors.append(
+                error_cls(
+                    f"Package '{pkg_name}' uses deprecated globals",
+                    [
+                        f"{file}:{line} references '{name}'"
+                        for name, line in visitor.references_to_globals
+                    ],
+                )
+            )
+
+    return errors
+
+
 @package_https_directives
 def _linting_package_file(pkgs, error_cls):
     """Check for correctness of links"""
@@ -845,20 +937,22 @@ def check_virtual_with_variants(spec, msg):
 
                 # check variants
                 dependency_variants = dep.spec.variants
-                for name, value in dependency_variants.items():
+                for name, variant in dependency_variants.items():
                     try:
-                        v, _ = dependency_pkg_cls.variants[name]
-                        v.validate_or_raise(value, pkg_cls=dependency_pkg_cls)
+                        spack.variant.prevalidate_variant_value(
+                            dependency_pkg_cls, variant, dep.spec, strict=True
+                        )
                     except Exception as e:
                         summary = (
                             f"{pkg_name}: wrong variant used for dependency in 'depends_on()'"
                         )
 
+                        error_msg = str(e)
                         if isinstance(e, KeyError):
                             error_msg = (
                                 f"variant {str(e).strip()} does not exist in package {dep_name}"
+                                f" in package '{dep_name}'"
                             )
-                        error_msg += f" in package '{dep_name}'"
 
                         errors.append(
                             error_cls(summary=summary, details=[error_msg, f"in {filename}"])
@@ -870,39 +964,38 @@ def check_virtual_with_variants(spec, msg):
 @package_directives
 def _ensure_variant_defaults_are_parsable(pkgs, error_cls):
     """Ensures that variant defaults are present and parsable from cli"""
+
+    def check_variant(pkg_cls, variant, vname):
+        # bool is a subclass of int in python. Permitting a default that is an instance
+        # of 'int' means both foo=false and foo=0 are accepted. Other falsish values are
+        # not allowed, since they can't be parsed from CLI ('foo=')
+        default_is_parsable = isinstance(variant.default, int) or variant.default
+
+        if not default_is_parsable:
+            msg = f"Variant '{vname}' of package '{pkg_cls.name}' has an unparsable default value"
+            return [error_cls(msg, [])]
+
+        try:
+            vspec = variant.make_default()
+        except spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError:
+            msg = f"Can't create default value for variant '{vname}' in package '{pkg_cls.name}'"
+            return [error_cls(msg, [])]
+
+        try:
+            variant.validate_or_raise(vspec, pkg_cls.name)
+        except spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError:
+            msg = "Default value of variant '{vname}' in package '{pkg.name}' is invalid"
+            question = "Is it among the allowed values?"
+            return [error_cls(msg, [question])]
+
+        return []
+
     errors = []
     for pkg_name in pkgs:
         pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-        for variant_name, entry in pkg_cls.variants.items():
-            variant, _ = entry
-            default_is_parsable = (
-                # Permitting a default that is an instance on 'int' permits
-                # to have foo=false or foo=0. Other falsish values are
-                # not allowed, since they can't be parsed from cli ('foo=')
-                isinstance(variant.default, int)
-                or variant.default
-            )
-            if not default_is_parsable:
-                error_msg = "Variant '{}' of package '{}' has a bad default value"
-                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), []))
-                continue
-
-            try:
-                vspec = variant.make_default()
-            except spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError:
-                error_msg = "Cannot create a default value for the variant '{}' in package '{}'"
-                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), []))
-                continue
-
-            try:
-                variant.validate_or_raise(vspec, pkg_cls=pkg_cls)
-            except spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError:
-                error_msg = (
-                    "The default value of the variant '{}' in package '{}' failed validation"
-                )
-                question = "Is it among the allowed values?"
-                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), [question]))
-
+        for vname in pkg_cls.variant_names():
+            for _, variant_def in pkg_cls.variant_definitions(vname):
+                errors.extend(check_variant(pkg_cls, variant_def, vname))
     return errors
 
 
@@ -912,11 +1005,11 @@ def _ensure_variants_have_descriptions(pkgs, error_cls):
     errors = []
     for pkg_name in pkgs:
         pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-        for variant_name, entry in pkg_cls.variants.items():
-            variant, _ = entry
-            if not variant.description:
-                error_msg = "Variant '{}' in package '{}' is missing a description"
-                errors.append(error_cls(error_msg.format(variant_name, pkg_name), []))
+        for name in pkg_cls.variant_names():
+            for when, variant in pkg_cls.variant_definitions(name):
+                if not variant.description:
+                    msg = f"Variant '{name}' in package '{pkg_name}' is missing a description"
+                    errors.append(error_cls(msg, []))
 
     return errors
 
@@ -973,29 +1066,26 @@ def _version_constraints_are_satisfiable_by_some_version_in_repo(pkgs, error_cls
 
 
 def _analyze_variants_in_directive(pkg, constraint, directive, error_cls):
-    variant_exceptions = (
-        spack.variant.InconsistentValidationError,
-        spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError,
-        spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError,
-        KeyError,
-    )
     errors = []
+    variant_names = pkg.variant_names()
+    summary = f"{pkg.name}: wrong variant in '{directive}' directive"
+    filename = spack.repo.PATH.filename_for_package_name(pkg.name)
+
     for name, v in constraint.variants.items():
+        if name not in variant_names:
+            msg = f"variant {name} does not exist in {pkg.name}"
+            errors.append(error_cls(summary=summary, details=[msg, f"in {filename}"]))
+            continue
+
         try:
-            variant, _ = pkg.variants[name]
-            variant.validate_or_raise(v, pkg_cls=pkg)
-        except variant_exceptions as e:
-            summary = pkg.name + ': wrong variant in "{0}" directive'
-            summary = summary.format(directive)
-            filename = spack.repo.PATH.filename_for_package_name(pkg.name)
-
-            error_msg = str(e).strip()
-            if isinstance(e, KeyError):
-                error_msg = "the variant {0} does not exist".format(error_msg)
-
-            err = error_cls(summary=summary, details=[error_msg, "in " + filename])
-
-            errors.append(err)
+            spack.variant.prevalidate_variant_value(pkg, v, constraint, strict=True)
+        except (
+            spack.variant.InconsistentValidationError,
+            spack.variant.MultipleValuesInExclusiveVariantError,
+            spack.variant.InvalidVariantValueError,
+        ) as e:
+            msg = str(e).strip()
+            errors.append(error_cls(summary=summary, details=[msg, f"in {filename}"]))
 
     return errors
 
@@ -1033,9 +1123,10 @@ def _extracts_errors(triggers, summary):
                 for dname in dnames
             )
 
-        for vname, (variant, triggers) in pkg_cls.variants.items():
-            summary = f"{pkg_name}: wrong 'when=' condition for the '{vname}' variant"
-            errors.extend(_extracts_errors(triggers, summary))
+        for when, variants_by_name in pkg_cls.variants.items():
+            for vname, variant in variants_by_name.items():
+                summary = f"{pkg_name}: wrong 'when=' condition for the '{vname}' variant"
+                errors.extend(_extracts_errors([when], summary))
 
         for when, providers, details in _error_items(pkg_cls.provided):
             errors.extend(

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 from llnl.util.symlink import readlink
 
 import spack.caches
-import spack.cmd
 import spack.config as config
 import spack.database as spack_db
 import spack.error
@@ -44,9 +43,9 @@
 import spack.oci.image
 import spack.oci.oci
 import spack.oci.opener
+import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.relocate as relocate
-import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
@@ -1447,7 +1446,9 @@ def _oci_push_pkg_blob(
     filename = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{spec.dag_hash()}.tar.gz")
 
     # Create an oci.image.layer aka tarball of the package
-    compressed_tarfile_checksum, tarfile_checksum = spack.oci.oci.create_tarball(spec, filename)
+    compressed_tarfile_checksum, tarfile_checksum = _do_create_tarball(
+        filename, spec.prefix, get_buildinfo_dict(spec)
+    )
 
     blob = spack.oci.oci.Blob(
         Digest.from_sha256(compressed_tarfile_checksum),
@@ -2697,6 +2698,9 @@ def get_keys(install=False, trust=False, force=False, mirrors=None):
 
     for mirror in mirror_collection.values():
         fetch_url = mirror.fetch_url
+        # TODO: oci:// does not support signing.
+        if fetch_url.startswith("oci://"):
+            continue
         keys_url = url_util.join(
             fetch_url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, BUILD_CACHE_KEYS_RELATIVE_PATH
         )

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/config.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment
+import spack.modules
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.repo

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/core.py

@@ -37,21 +37,16 @@
 import spack.binary_distribution
 import spack.config
 import spack.detection
-import spack.environment
-import spack.modules
-import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
-import spack.platforms.linux
-import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 import spack.user_environment
-import spack.util.environment
 import spack.util.executable
 import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.spack_yaml
 import spack.util.url
 import spack.version
+from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 
 from ._common import _executables_in_store, _python_import, _root_spec, _try_import_from_store
 from .clingo import ClingoBootstrapConcretizer
@@ -283,7 +278,7 @@ def try_import(self, module: str, abstract_spec_str: str) -> bool:
 
         # Install the spec that should make the module importable
         with spack.config.override(self.mirror_scope):
-            concrete_spec.package.do_install(fail_fast=True)
+            PackageInstaller([concrete_spec.package], fail_fast=True).install()
 
         if _try_import_from_store(module, query_spec=concrete_spec, query_info=info):
             self.last_search = info
@@ -306,7 +301,7 @@ def try_search_path(self, executables: Tuple[str], abstract_spec_str: str) -> bo
         msg = "[BOOTSTRAP] Try installing '{0}' from sources"
         tty.debug(msg.format(abstract_spec_str))
         with spack.config.override(self.mirror_scope):
-            concrete_spec.package.do_install()
+            PackageInstaller([concrete_spec.package], fail_fast=True).install()
         if _executables_in_store(executables, concrete_spec, query_info=info):
             self.last_search = info
             return True

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/environment.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 from llnl.util import tty
 
 import spack.environment
+import spack.spec
 import spack.tengine
-import spack.util.cpus
-import spack.util.executable
+import spack.util.path
 
 from ._common import _root_spec
 from .config import root_path, spec_for_current_python, store_path

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.color import cescape, colorize
 from llnl.util.tty.log import MultiProcessFd
 
+import spack.build_systems._checks
 import spack.build_systems.cmake
 import spack.build_systems.meson
 import spack.build_systems.python
@@ -61,26 +62,20 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
-import spack.main
+import spack.multimethod
 import spack.package_base
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
-import spack.repo
 import spack.schema.environment
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
 import spack.subprocess_context
-import spack.user_environment
 import spack.util.executable
-import spack.util.path
-import spack.util.pattern
 from spack import traverse
 from spack.context import Context
-from spack.error import NoHeadersError, NoLibrariesError
+from spack.error import InstallError, NoHeadersError, NoLibrariesError
 from spack.install_test import spack_install_test_log
-from spack.installer import InstallError
-from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.environment import (
     SYSTEM_DIR_CASE_ENTRY,
     EnvironmentModifications,
@@ -455,7 +450,7 @@ def set_wrapper_variables(pkg, env):
         env.set(SPACK_DEBUG, "TRUE")
     env.set(SPACK_SHORT_SPEC, pkg.spec.short_spec)
     env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_ID, pkg.spec.format("{name}-{hash:7}"))
-    env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_DIR, spack.main.spack_working_dir)
+    env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_DIR, spack.paths.spack_working_dir)
 
     if spack.config.get("config:ccache"):
         # Enable ccache in the compiler wrapper
@@ -562,7 +557,7 @@ def set_package_py_globals(pkg, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
         module.std_meson_args = spack.build_systems.meson.MesonBuilder.std_args(pkg)
         module.std_pip_args = spack.build_systems.python.PythonPipBuilder.std_args(pkg)
 
-    jobs = determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=pkg.parallel)
+    jobs = spack.config.determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=pkg.parallel)
     module.make_jobs = jobs
 
     # TODO: make these build deps that can be installed if not found.
@@ -1003,6 +998,7 @@ def set_all_package_py_globals(self):
         """Set the globals in modules of package.py files."""
         for dspec, flag in chain(self.external, self.nonexternal):
             pkg = dspec.package
+
             if self.should_set_package_py_globals & flag:
                 if self.context == Context.BUILD and self.needs_build_context & flag:
                     set_package_py_globals(pkg, context=Context.BUILD)
@@ -1010,12 +1006,6 @@ def set_all_package_py_globals(self):
                     # This includes runtime dependencies, also runtime deps of direct build deps.
                     set_package_py_globals(pkg, context=Context.RUN)
 
-        # Looping over the set of packages a second time
-        # ensures all globals are loaded into the module space prior to
-        # any package setup. This guarantees package setup methods have
-        # access to expected module level definitions such as "spack_cc"
-        for dspec, flag in chain(self.external, self.nonexternal):
-            pkg = dspec.package
             for spec in dspec.dependents():
                 # Note: some specs have dependents that are unreachable from the root, so avoid
                 # setting globals for those.
@@ -1144,7 +1134,7 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
         return_value = function(pkg, kwargs)
         write_pipe.send(return_value)
 
-    except StopPhase as e:
+    except spack.error.StopPhase as e:
         # Do not create a full ChildError from this, it's not an error
         # it's a control statement.
         write_pipe.send(e)
@@ -1305,7 +1295,7 @@ def exitcode_msg(p):
     p.join()
 
     # If returns a StopPhase, raise it
-    if isinstance(child_result, StopPhase):
+    if isinstance(child_result, spack.error.StopPhase):
         # do not print
         raise child_result
 
@@ -1514,17 +1504,6 @@ def _make_child_error(msg, module, name, traceback, log, log_type, context):
     return ChildError(msg, module, name, traceback, log, log_type, context)
 
 
-class StopPhase(spack.error.SpackError):
-    """Pickle-able exception to control stopped builds."""
-
-    def __reduce__(self):
-        return _make_stop_phase, (self.message, self.long_message)
-
-
-def _make_stop_phase(msg, long_msg):
-    return StopPhase(msg, long_msg)
-
-
 def write_log_summary(out, log_type, log, last=None):
     errors, warnings = parse_log_events(log)
     nerr = len(errors)

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/_checks.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import llnl.util.lang
 
 import spack.builder
-import spack.installer
+import spack.error
 import spack.relocate
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def check_paths(path_list, filetype, predicate):
             if not predicate(abs_path):
                 msg = "Install failed for {0}. No such {1} in prefix: {2}"
                 msg = msg.format(pkg.name, filetype, path)
-                raise spack.installer.InstallError(msg)
+                raise spack.error.InstallError(msg)
 
     check_paths(pkg.sanity_check_is_file, "file", os.path.isfile)
     check_paths(pkg.sanity_check_is_dir, "directory", os.path.isdir)
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def check_paths(path_list, filetype, predicate):
     ignore_file = llnl.util.lang.match_predicate(spack.store.STORE.layout.hidden_file_regexes)
     if all(map(ignore_file, os.listdir(pkg.prefix))):
         msg = "Install failed for {0}.  Nothing was installed!"
-        raise spack.installer.InstallError(msg.format(pkg.name))
+        raise spack.error.InstallError(msg.format(pkg.name))
 
 
 def apply_macos_rpath_fixups(builder: spack.builder.Builder):

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/autotools.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 import spack.build_environment
 import spack.builder
+import spack.error
 import spack.package_base
 from spack.directives import build_system, conflicts, depends_on
 from spack.multimethod import when
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ def runs_ok(script_abs_path):
 
         # An external gnuconfig may not not have a prefix.
         if gnuconfig_dir is None:
-            raise spack.build_environment.InstallError(
+            raise spack.error.InstallError(
                 "Spack could not find substitutes for GNU config files because no "
                 "prefix is available for the `gnuconfig` package. Make sure you set a "
                 "prefix path instead of modules for external `gnuconfig`."
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ def runs_ok(script_abs_path):
                 msg += (
                     " or the `gnuconfig` package prefix is misconfigured as" " an external package"
                 )
-            raise spack.build_environment.InstallError(msg)
+            raise spack.error.InstallError(msg)
 
         # Filter working substitutes
         candidates = [f for f in candidates if runs_ok(f)]
@@ -293,9 +294,7 @@ def runs_ok(script_abs_path):
    and set the prefix to the directory containing the `config.guess` and
    `config.sub` files.
 """
-            raise spack.build_environment.InstallError(
-                msg.format(", ".join(to_be_found), self.name)
-            )
+            raise spack.error.InstallError(msg.format(", ".join(to_be_found), self.name))
 
         # Copy the good files over the bad ones
         for abs_path in to_be_patched:
@@ -688,9 +687,8 @@ def _activate_or_not(
 
         variant = variant or name
 
-        # Defensively look that the name passed as argument is among
-        # variants
-        if variant not in self.pkg.variants:
+        # Defensively look that the name passed as argument is among variants
+        if not self.pkg.has_variant(variant):
             msg = '"{0}" is not a variant of "{1}"'
             raise KeyError(msg.format(variant, self.pkg.name))
 
@@ -699,27 +697,19 @@ def _activate_or_not(
 
         # Create a list of pairs. Each pair includes a configuration
         # option and whether or not that option is activated
-        variant_desc, _ = self.pkg.variants[variant]
-        if set(variant_desc.values) == set((True, False)):
+        vdef = self.pkg.get_variant(variant)
+        if set(vdef.values) == set((True, False)):
             # BoolValuedVariant carry information about a single option.
             # Nonetheless, for uniformity of treatment we'll package them
             # in an iterable of one element.
-            condition = "+{name}".format(name=variant)
-            options = [(name, condition in spec)]
+            options = [(name, f"+{variant}" in spec)]
         else:
-            condition = "{variant}={value}"
             # "feature_values" is used to track values which correspond to
             # features which can be enabled or disabled as understood by the
             # package's build system. It excludes values which have special
             # meanings and do not correspond to features (e.g. "none")
-            feature_values = (
-                getattr(variant_desc.values, "feature_values", None) or variant_desc.values
-            )
-
-            options = [
-                (value, condition.format(variant=variant, value=value) in spec)
-                for value in feature_values
-            ]
+            feature_values = getattr(vdef.values, "feature_values", None) or vdef.values
+            options = [(value, f"{variant}={value}" in spec) for value in feature_values]
 
         # For each allowed value in the list of values
         for option_value, activated in options:

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cached_cmake.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def define_cmake_cache_from_variant(self, cmake_var, variant=None, comment=""):
         if variant is None:
             variant = cmake_var.lower()
 
-        if variant not in self.pkg.variants:
+        if not self.pkg.has_variant(variant):
             raise KeyError('"{0}" is not a variant of "{1}"'.format(variant, self.pkg.name))
 
         if variant not in self.pkg.spec.variants:

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 import spack.build_environment
 import spack.builder
 import spack.deptypes as dt
+import spack.error
 import spack.package_base
 from spack.directives import build_system, conflicts, depends_on, variant
 from spack.multimethod import when
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@ def _values(x):
         default=default,
         values=_values,
         description="the build system generator to use",
+        when="build_system=cmake",
     )
     for x in not_used:
         conflicts(f"generator={x}")
@@ -344,7 +346,7 @@ def std_args(pkg, generator=None):
             msg = "Invalid CMake generator: '{0}'\n".format(generator)
             msg += "CMakePackage currently supports the following "
             msg += "primary generators: '{0}'".format("', '".join(valid_primary_generators))
-            raise spack.package_base.InstallError(msg)
+            raise spack.error.InstallError(msg)
 
         try:
             build_type = pkg.spec.variants["build_type"].value
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ def define_from_variant(self, cmake_var, variant=None):
         if variant is None:
             variant = cmake_var.lower()
 
-        if variant not in self.pkg.variants:
+        if not self.pkg.has_variant(variant):
             raise KeyError('"{0}" is not a variant of "{1}"'.format(variant, self.pkg.name))
 
         if variant not in self.pkg.spec.variants:

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/compiler.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 import spack.compiler
 import spack.package_base
+import spack.util.executable
 
 # Local "type" for type hints
 Path = Union[str, pathlib.Path]

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cuda.py

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
+import re
+from typing import Iterable, List
+
 import spack.variant
 from spack.directives import conflicts, depends_on, variant
 from spack.multimethod import when
@@ -44,6 +47,7 @@ class CudaPackage(PackageBase):
         "87",
         "89",
         "90",
+        "90a",
     )
 
     # FIXME: keep cuda and cuda_arch separate to make usage easier until
@@ -70,6 +74,27 @@ def cuda_flags(arch_list):
             for s in arch_list
         ]
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def compute_capabilities(arch_list: Iterable[str]) -> List[str]:
+        """Adds a decimal place to each CUDA arch.
+
+        >>> compute_capabilities(['90', '90a'])
+        ['9.0', '9.0a']
+
+        Args:
+            arch_list: A list of integer strings, optionally followed by a suffix.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of float strings, optionally followed by a suffix
+        """
+        pattern = re.compile(r"(\d+)")
+        capabilities = []
+        for arch in arch_list:
+            _, number, letter = re.split(pattern, arch)
+            number = "{0:.1f}".format(float(number) / 10.0)
+            capabilities.append(number + letter)
+        return capabilities
+
     depends_on("cuda", when="+cuda")
 
     # CUDA version vs Architecture

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/intel.py

@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@
     install,
 )
 
+import spack.builder
 import spack.error
 from spack.build_environment import dso_suffix
-from spack.package_base import InstallError
+from spack.error import InstallError
 from spack.util.environment import EnvironmentModifications
 from spack.util.executable import Executable
 from spack.util.prefix import Prefix

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/oneapi.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 import spack.util.path
 from spack.build_environment import dso_suffix
 from spack.directives import conflicts, license, redistribute, variant
-from spack.package_base import InstallError
+from spack.error import InstallError
 from spack.util.environment import EnvironmentModifications
 from spack.util.executable import Executable
 

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/python.py

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 import spack.detection
 import spack.multimethod
 import spack.package_base
+import spack.platforms
+import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack.directives import build_system, depends_on, extends

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/r.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 from typing import Optional, Tuple
 
 import llnl.util.lang as lang
+from llnl.util.filesystem import mkdirp
 
 from spack.directives import extends
 
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ def configure_vars(self):
 
     def install(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
         """Installs an R package."""
+        mkdirp(pkg.module.r_lib_dir)
 
         config_args = self.configure_args()
         config_vars = self.configure_vars()
@@ -43,12 +45,12 @@ def install(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
         args = ["--vanilla", "CMD", "INSTALL"]
 
         if config_args:
-            args.append("--configure-args={0}".format(" ".join(config_args)))
+            args.append(f"--configure-args={' '.join(config_args)}")
 
         if config_vars:
-            args.append("--configure-vars={0}".format(" ".join(config_vars)))
+            args.append(f"--configure-vars={' '.join(config_vars)}")
 
-        args.extend(["--library={0}".format(self.pkg.module.r_lib_dir), self.stage.source_path])
+        args.extend([f"--library={pkg.module.r_lib_dir}", self.stage.source_path])
 
         pkg.module.R(*args)
 
@@ -79,27 +81,21 @@ class RPackage(Package):
     @lang.classproperty
     def homepage(cls):
         if cls.cran:
-            return "https://cloud.r-project.org/package=" + cls.cran
+            return f"https://cloud.r-project.org/package={cls.cran}"
         elif cls.bioc:
-            return "https://bioconductor.org/packages/" + cls.bioc
+            return f"https://bioconductor.org/packages/{cls.bioc}"
 
     @lang.classproperty
     def url(cls):
         if cls.cran:
-            return (
-                "https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/"
-                + cls.cran
-                + "_"
-                + str(list(cls.versions)[0])
-                + ".tar.gz"
-            )
+            return f"https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/{cls.cran}_{str(list(cls.versions)[0])}.tar.gz"
 
     @lang.classproperty
     def list_url(cls):
         if cls.cran:
-            return "https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/" + cls.cran + "/"
+            return f"https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/{cls.cran}/"
 
     @property
     def git(self):
         if self.bioc:
-            return "https://git.bioconductor.org/packages/" + self.bioc
+            return f"https://git.bioconductor.org/packages/{self.bioc}"

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/racket.py

@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
 
 import spack.builder
 from spack.build_environment import SPACK_NO_PARALLEL_MAKE
+from spack.config import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.directives import build_system, extends, maintainers
 from spack.package_base import PackageBase
-from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.environment import env_flag
 from spack.util.executable import Executable, ProcessError
 

lib/spack/spack/builder.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 from llnl.util import lang
 
-import spack.build_environment
+import spack.error
 import spack.multimethod
 
 #: Builder classes, as registered by the "builder" decorator
@@ -461,15 +461,13 @@ def _on_phase_start(self, instance):
         # If a phase has a matching stop_before_phase attribute,
         # stop the installation process raising a StopPhase
         if getattr(instance, "stop_before_phase", None) == self.name:
-            raise spack.build_environment.StopPhase(
-                "Stopping before '{0}' phase".format(self.name)
-            )
+            raise spack.error.StopPhase("Stopping before '{0}' phase".format(self.name))
 
     def _on_phase_exit(self, instance):
         # If a phase has a matching last_phase attribute,
         # stop the installation process raising a StopPhase
         if getattr(instance, "last_phase", None) == self.name:
-            raise spack.build_environment.StopPhase("Stopping at '{0}' phase".format(self.name))
+            raise spack.error.StopPhase("Stopping at '{0}' phase".format(self.name))
 
     def copy(self):
         return copy.deepcopy(self)

lib/spack/spack/caches.py

@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@
 from llnl.util.filesystem import mkdirp
 
 import spack.config
-import spack.error
 import spack.fetch_strategy
-import spack.mirror
 import spack.paths
 import spack.util.file_cache
 import spack.util.path

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 
 import spack
 import spack.binary_distribution as bindist
+import spack.concretize
 import spack.config as cfg
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.main
@@ -38,7 +39,6 @@
 import spack.paths
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
-import spack.stage
 import spack.util.git
 import spack.util.gpg as gpg_util
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
@@ -1219,8 +1219,8 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
         # Capture the version of Spack used to generate the pipeline, that can be
         # passed to `git checkout` for version consistency. If we aren't in a Git
         # repository, presume we are a Spack release and use the Git tag instead.
-        spack_version = spack.main.get_version()
-        version_to_clone = spack.main.get_spack_commit() or f"v{spack.spack_version}"
+        spack_version = spack.get_version()
+        version_to_clone = spack.get_spack_commit() or f"v{spack.spack_version}"
 
         output_object["variables"] = {
             "SPACK_ARTIFACTS_ROOT": rel_artifacts_root,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/__init__.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 from llnl.util.tty.color import colorize
 
-import spack.config
+import spack.config  # breaks a cycle.
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.error
 import spack.extensions

lib/spack/spack/cmd/arch.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import llnl.util.tty.color as color
 
 import spack.platforms
+import spack.spec
 
 description = "print architecture information about this machine"
 section = "system"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/audit.py

@@ -115,15 +115,11 @@ def audit(parser, args):
 def _process_reports(reports):
     for check, errors in reports:
         if errors:
-            msg = "{0}: {1} issue{2} found".format(
-                check, len(errors), "" if len(errors) == 1 else "s"
-            )
-            header = "@*b{" + msg + "}"
-            print(cl.colorize(header))
+            status = f"{len(errors)} issue{'' if len(errors) == 1 else 's'} found"
+            print(cl.colorize(f"{check}: @*r{{{status}}}"))
+            numdigits = len(str(len(errors)))
             for idx, error in enumerate(errors):
-                print(str(idx + 1) + ". " + str(error))
+                print(f"{idx + 1:>{numdigits}}. {error}")
             raise SystemExit(1)
         else:
-            msg = "{0}: 0 issues found.".format(check)
-            header = "@*b{" + msg + "}"
-            print(cl.colorize(header))
+            print(cl.colorize(f"{check}: @*g{{passed}}"))

lib/spack/spack/cmd/bootstrap.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 import spack.bootstrap.config
 import spack.bootstrap.core
 import spack.config
-import spack.main
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.util.path
+import spack.util.spack_yaml
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "manage bootstrap configuration"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -23,14 +23,9 @@
 import spack.error
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.oci.oci
-import spack.oci.opener
-import spack.relocate
-import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
-import spack.user_environment
-import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.util.parallel
 import spack.util.url as url_util
 import spack.util.web as web_util

lib/spack/spack/cmd/change.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.spec
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "change an existing spec in an environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/checksum.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
-import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.package_base import (

lib/spack/spack/cmd/ci.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import spack.cmd.buildcache as buildcache
 import spack.config as cfg
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.environment.depfile
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.util.gpg as gpg_util

lib/spack/spack/cmd/clean.py

@@ -10,11 +10,9 @@
 import llnl.util.filesystem
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
-import spack.bootstrap
 import spack.caches
-import spack.cmd.test
+import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
-import spack.repo
 import spack.stage
 import spack.store
 import spack.util.path

lib/spack/spack/cmd/commands.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.config
 import spack.main
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.mirror
-import spack.modules
 import spack.reporters
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/confirmation.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.spec
 
 display_args = {"long": True, "show_flags": False, "variants": False, "indent": 4}
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/env_utility.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
-import spack.paths
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack import build_environment, traverse

lib/spack/spack/cmd/config.py

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.repo
+import spack.error
 import spack.schema.env
-import spack.schema.packages
+import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ def config_remove(args):
         existing.pop(value, None)
     else:
         # This should be impossible to reach
-        raise spack.config.ConfigError("Config has nested non-dict values")
+        raise spack.error.ConfigError("Config has nested non-dict values")
 
     spack.config.set(path, existing, scope)
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ def _config_change(config_path, match_spec_str=None):
         if not changed:
             existing_requirements = spack.config.get(key_path)
             if isinstance(existing_requirements, str):
-                raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+                raise spack.error.ConfigError(
                     "'config change' needs to append a requirement,"
                     " but existing require: config is not a list"
                 )
@@ -536,11 +536,11 @@ def config_prefer_upstream(args):
         # Get and list all the variants that differ from the default.
         variants = []
         for var_name, variant in spec.variants.items():
-            if var_name in ["patches"] or var_name not in spec.package.variants:
+            if var_name in ["patches"] or not spec.package.has_variant(var_name):
                 continue
 
-            variant_desc, _ = spec.package.variants[var_name]
-            if variant.value != variant_desc.default:
+            vdef = spec.package.get_variant(var_name)
+            if variant.value != vdef.default:
                 variants.append(str(variant))
         variants.sort()
         variants = " ".join(variants)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 
 import spack.repo
 import spack.stage
-import spack.util.web
 from spack.spec import Spec
 from spack.url import (
     UndetectableNameError,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/debug.py

@@ -13,11 +13,12 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.filesystem import working_dir
 
-import spack.config
+import spack
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
+import spack.spec
+import spack.store
 import spack.util.git
-from spack.main import get_version
 from spack.util.executable import which
 
 description = "debugging commands for troubleshooting Spack"
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ def report(args):
     host_os = host_platform.operating_system("frontend")
     host_target = host_platform.target("frontend")
     architecture = spack.spec.ArchSpec((str(host_platform), str(host_os), str(host_target)))
-    print("* **Spack:**", get_version())
+    print("* **Spack:**", spack.get_version())
     print("* **Python:**", platform.python_version())
     print("* **Platform:**", architecture)
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dependencies.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.package_base
-import spack.repo
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/deprecate.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
+import spack.installer
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.database import InstallStatuses
@@ -142,4 +143,4 @@ def deprecate(parser, args):
             tty.die("Will not deprecate any packages.")
 
     for dcate, dcator in zip(all_deprecate, all_deprecators):
-        dcate.package.do_deprecate(dcator, symlink)
+        spack.installer.deprecate(dcate, dcator, symlink)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dev_build.py

@@ -8,10 +8,13 @@
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
+import spack.build_environment
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.cmd.common.arguments
 import spack.config
 import spack.repo
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
+from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 
 description = "developer build: build from code in current working directory"
 section = "build"
@@ -129,9 +132,9 @@ def dev_build(self, args):
     elif args.test == "root":
         tests = [spec.name for spec in specs]
 
-    spec.package.do_install(
+    PackageInstaller(
+        [spec.package],
         tests=tests,
-        make_jobs=args.jobs,
         keep_prefix=args.keep_prefix,
         install_deps=not args.ignore_deps,
         verbose=not args.quiet,
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ def dev_build(self, args):
         stop_before=args.before,
         skip_patch=args.skip_patch,
         stop_at=args.until,
-    )
+    ).install()
 
     # drop into the build environment of the package?
     if args.shell is not None:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/develop.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.fetch_strategy
-import spack.package_base
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage

lib/spack/spack/cmd/diff.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.solver.asp as asp
-import spack.util.environment
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -21,15 +21,12 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.cmd.common
 import spack.cmd.common.arguments
-import spack.cmd.install
 import spack.cmd.modules
-import spack.cmd.uninstall
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.environment.depfile as depfile
+import spack.environment.environment
 import spack.environment.shell
-import spack.schema.env
-import spack.spec
 import spack.tengine
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.util.environment import EnvironmentModifications

lib/spack/spack/cmd/external.py

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 import spack.cray_manifest as cray_manifest
 import spack.detection
 import spack.error
+import spack.package_base
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
-import spack.util.environment
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "manage external packages in Spack configuration"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/fetch.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.repo
 import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/find.py

@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 import llnl.util.tty.color as color
 
-import spack.bootstrap
 import spack.cmd as cmd
+import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.repo
+import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.database import InstallStatuses

lib/spack/spack/cmd/info.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 import spack.install_test
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
+import spack.variant
 import spack.version
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.package_base import preferred_version
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     options = [
         ("--detectable", print_detectable.__doc__),
         ("--maintainers", print_maintainers.__doc__),
+        ("--namespace", print_namespace.__doc__),
         ("--no-dependencies", "do not " + print_dependencies.__doc__),
         ("--no-variants", "do not " + print_variants.__doc__),
         ("--no-versions", "do not " + print_versions.__doc__),
@@ -189,6 +191,15 @@ def print_maintainers(pkg, args):
         color.cprint(section_title("Maintainers: ") + mnt)
 
 
+def print_namespace(pkg, args):
+    """output package namespace"""
+
+    repo = spack.repo.PATH.get_repo(pkg.namespace)
+    color.cprint("")
+    color.cprint(section_title("Namespace:"))
+    color.cprint(f"    @c{{{repo.namespace}}} at {repo.root}")
+
+
 def print_phases(pkg, args):
     """output installation phases"""
 
@@ -323,26 +334,6 @@ def _fmt_variant(variant, max_name_default_len, indent, when=None, out=None):
     out.write("\n")
 
 
-def _variants_by_name_when(pkg):
-    """Adaptor to get variants keyed by { name: { when: { [Variant...] } }."""
-    # TODO: replace with pkg.variants_by_name(when=True) when unified directive dicts are merged.
-    variants = {}
-    for name, (variant, whens) in sorted(pkg.variants.items()):
-        for when in whens:
-            variants.setdefault(name, {}).setdefault(when, []).append(variant)
-    return variants
-
-
-def _variants_by_when_name(pkg):
-    """Adaptor to get variants keyed by { when: { name: Variant } }"""
-    # TODO: replace with pkg.variants when unified directive dicts are merged.
-    variants = {}
-    for name, (variant, whens) in pkg.variants.items():
-        for when in whens:
-            variants.setdefault(when, {})[name] = variant
-    return variants
-
-
 def _print_variants_header(pkg):
     """output variants"""
 
@@ -353,32 +344,22 @@ def _print_variants_header(pkg):
     color.cprint("")
     color.cprint(section_title("Variants:"))
 
-    variants_by_name = _variants_by_name_when(pkg)
-
     # Calculate the max length of the "name [default]" part of the variant display
     # This lets us know where to print variant values.
     max_name_default_len = max(
         color.clen(_fmt_name_and_default(variant))
-        for name, when_variants in variants_by_name.items()
-        for variants in when_variants.values()
-        for variant in variants
+        for name in pkg.variant_names()
+        for _, variant in pkg.variant_definitions(name)
     )
 
-    return max_name_default_len, variants_by_name
-
-
-def _unconstrained_ver_first(item):
-    """sort key that puts specs with open version ranges first"""
-    spec, _ = item
-    return (spack.version.any_version not in spec.versions, spec)
+    return max_name_default_len
 
 
 def print_variants_grouped_by_when(pkg):
-    max_name_default_len, _ = _print_variants_header(pkg)
+    max_name_default_len = _print_variants_header(pkg)
 
     indent = 4
-    variants = _variants_by_when_name(pkg)
-    for when, variants_by_name in sorted(variants.items(), key=_unconstrained_ver_first):
+    for when, variants_by_name in pkg.variant_items():
         padded_values = max_name_default_len + 4
         start_indent = indent
 
@@ -396,15 +377,14 @@ def print_variants_grouped_by_when(pkg):
 
 
 def print_variants_by_name(pkg):
-    max_name_default_len, variants_by_name = _print_variants_header(pkg)
+    max_name_default_len = _print_variants_header(pkg)
     max_name_default_len += 4
 
     indent = 4
-    for name, when_variants in variants_by_name.items():
-        for when, variants in sorted(when_variants.items(), key=_unconstrained_ver_first):
-            for variant in variants:
-                _fmt_variant(variant, max_name_default_len, indent, when, out=sys.stdout)
-                sys.stdout.write("\n")
+    for name in pkg.variant_names():
+        for when, variant in pkg.variant_definitions(name):
+            _fmt_variant(variant, max_name_default_len, indent, when, out=sys.stdout)
+            sys.stdout.write("\n")
 
 
 def print_variants(pkg, args):
@@ -522,6 +502,7 @@ def info(parser, args):
     # Now output optional information in expected order
     sections = [
         (args.all or args.maintainers, print_maintainers),
+        (args.all or args.namespace, print_namespace),
         (args.all or args.detectable, print_detectable),
         (args.all or args.tags, print_tags),
         (args.all or not args.no_versions, print_versions),

lib/spack/spack/cmd/install.py

@@ -13,18 +13,15 @@
 from llnl.string import plural
 from llnl.util import lang, tty
 
-import spack.build_environment
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.fetch_strategy
-import spack.package_base
 import spack.paths
 import spack.report
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
-from spack.error import SpackError
+from spack.error import InstallError, SpackError
 from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 
 description = "build and install packages"
@@ -287,7 +284,7 @@ def require_user_confirmation_for_overwrite(concrete_specs, args):
         tty.die("Reinstallation aborted.")
 
 
-def _dump_log_on_error(e: spack.build_environment.InstallError):
+def _dump_log_on_error(e: InstallError):
     e.print_context()
     assert e.pkg, "Expected InstallError to include the associated package"
     if not os.path.exists(e.pkg.log_path):
@@ -352,7 +349,7 @@ def reporter_factory(specs):
             install_with_active_env(env, args, install_kwargs, reporter_factory)
         else:
             install_without_active_env(args, install_kwargs, reporter_factory)
-    except spack.build_environment.InstallError as e:
+    except InstallError as e:
         if args.show_log_on_error:
             _dump_log_on_error(e)
         raise
@@ -477,5 +474,5 @@ def install_without_active_env(args, install_kwargs, reporter_factory):
 
         installs = [s.package for s in concrete_specs]
         install_kwargs["explicit"] = [s.dag_hash() for s in concrete_specs]
-        builder = PackageInstaller(installs, install_kwargs)
+        builder = PackageInstaller(installs, **install_kwargs)
         builder.install()

lib/spack/spack/cmd/load.py

@@ -6,11 +6,10 @@
 import sys
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.cmd.find
+import spack.cmd.common
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.store
 import spack.user_environment as uenv
-import spack.util.environment
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "add package to the user environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mark.py

@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@
 from llnl.util import tty
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.error
-import spack.package_base
-import spack.repo
 import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.database import InstallStatuses

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mirror.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
-import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 from spack.error import SpackError

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/__init__.py

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
+import spack.error
 import spack.modules
 import spack.modules.common
 import spack.repo
@@ -124,13 +125,13 @@ def check_module_set_name(name):
     names = [k for k in modules if k != "prefix_inspections"]
 
     if not names:
-        raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+        raise spack.error.ConfigError(
             f"Module set configuration is missing. Cannot use module set '{name}'"
         )
 
     pretty_names = "', '".join(names)
 
-    raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+    raise spack.error.ConfigError(
         f"Cannot use invalid module set '{name}'.",
         f"Valid module set names are: '{pretty_names}'.",
     )
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ def loads(module_type, specs, args, out=None):
     modules = list(
         (
             spec,
-            spack.modules.common.get_module(
+            spack.modules.get_module(
                 module_type,
                 spec,
                 get_full_path=False,
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ def find(module_type, specs, args):
 
     try:
         modules = [
-            spack.modules.common.get_module(
+            spack.modules.get_module(
                 module_type,
                 spec,
                 args.full_path,
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ def find(module_type, specs, args):
         ]
 
         modules.append(
-            spack.modules.common.get_module(
+            spack.modules.get_module(
                 module_type,
                 single_spec,
                 args.full_path,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/patch.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.package_base
-import spack.repo
 import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/pkg.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.paths
 import spack.repo
 import spack.util.executable as exe
 import spack.util.package_hash as ph

lib/spack/spack/cmd/python.py

@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ def python(parser, args, unknown_args):
 
     # Run user choice of interpreter
     if args.python_interpreter == "ipython":
-        return spack.cmd.python.ipython_interpreter(args)
-    return spack.cmd.python.python_interpreter(args)
+        return ipython_interpreter(args)
+    return python_interpreter(args)
 
 
 def ipython_interpreter(args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/restage.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.cmd
-import spack.repo
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "revert checked out package source code"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/solve.py

@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
 
 import spack
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.cmd.common.arguments
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment
 import spack.hash_types as ht
-import spack.package_base
 import spack.solver.asp as asp
+import spack.spec
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "concretize a specs using an ASP solver"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/spec.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
+import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "show what would be installed, given a spec"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/stage.py

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.package_base
-import spack.repo
-import spack.stage
 import spack.traverse
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tags.py

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 import llnl.util.tty.colify as colify
 
+import spack.environment
 import spack.repo
-import spack.store
 import spack.tag
 
 description = "show package tags and associated packages"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/test.py

@@ -15,11 +15,12 @@
 from llnl.util.tty import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.install_test
-import spack.package_base
 import spack.repo
 import spack.report
+import spack.store
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "run spack's tests for an install"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tutorial.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from llnl.util.filesystem import working_dir
 
 import spack
+import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.paths
 import spack.util.git

lib/spack/spack/cmd/undevelop.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.config
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "remove specs from an environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unit_test.py

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 import re
 import sys
 
+import spack.extensions
+
 try:
     import pytest
 except ImportError:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unload.py

@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@
 import sys
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.cmd.common
 import spack.error
+import spack.store
 import spack.user_environment as uenv
-import spack.util.environment
 from spack.cmd.common import arguments
 
 description = "remove package from the user environment"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/verify.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
+import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.store
 import spack.verify

lib/spack/spack/compiler.py

@@ -202,18 +202,6 @@ class Compiler:
     support for specific compilers, their possible names, arguments,
     and how to identify the particular type of compiler."""
 
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names: List[str] = []
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names: List[str] = []
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names: List[str] = []
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names: List[str] = []
-
     # Optional prefix regexes for searching for this type of compiler.
     # Prefixes are sometimes used for toolchains
     prefixes: List[str] = []
@@ -619,18 +607,6 @@ def extract_version_from_output(cls, output):
     def cc_version(cls, cc):
         return cls.default_version(cc)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def cxx_version(cls, cxx):
-        return cls.default_version(cxx)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def f77_version(cls, f77):
-        return cls.default_version(f77)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fc_version(cls, fc):
-        return cls.default_version(fc)
-
     @classmethod
     def search_regexps(cls, language):
         # Compile all the regular expressions used for files beforehand.

lib/spack/spack/compilers/__init__.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 """
 import importlib
 import os
+import re
 import sys
 import warnings
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
-import spack.version
 from spack.operating_systems import windows_os
 from spack.util.environment import get_path
 from spack.util.naming import mod_to_class
@@ -632,37 +632,34 @@ def is_mixed_toolchain(compiler):
     Args:
         compiler (spack.compiler.Compiler): a valid compiler object
     """
-    cc = os.path.basename(compiler.cc or "")
-    cxx = os.path.basename(compiler.cxx or "")
-    f77 = os.path.basename(compiler.f77 or "")
-    fc = os.path.basename(compiler.fc or "")
+    import spack.detection.path
+
+    executables = [
+        os.path.basename(compiler.cc or ""),
+        os.path.basename(compiler.cxx or ""),
+        os.path.basename(compiler.f77 or ""),
+        os.path.basename(compiler.fc or ""),
+    ]
 
     toolchains = set()
-    for compiler_cls in all_compiler_types():
-        # Inspect all the compiler toolchain we know. If a compiler is the
-        # only compiler supported there it belongs to that toolchain.
-        def name_matches(name, name_list):
-            # This is such that 'gcc' matches variations
-            # like 'ggc-9' etc that are found in distros
-            name, _, _ = name.partition("-")
-            return len(name_list) == 1 and name and name in name_list
+    finder = spack.detection.path.ExecutablesFinder()
 
-        if any(
-            [
-                name_matches(cc, compiler_cls.cc_names),
-                name_matches(cxx, compiler_cls.cxx_names),
-                name_matches(f77, compiler_cls.f77_names),
-                name_matches(fc, compiler_cls.fc_names),
-            ]
-        ):
-            tty.debug("[TOOLCHAIN] MATCH {0}".format(compiler_cls.__name__))
-            toolchains.add(compiler_cls.__name__)
+    for pkg_name in spack.repo.PATH.packages_with_tags(COMPILER_TAG):
+        pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
+        patterns = finder.search_patterns(pkg=pkg_cls)
+        if not patterns:
+            continue
+        joined_pattern = re.compile(r"|".join(patterns))
+
+        if any(joined_pattern.search(exe) for exe in executables):
+            tty.debug(f"[TOOLCHAIN] MATCH {pkg_name}")
+            toolchains.add(pkg_name)
 
     if len(toolchains) > 1:
         if (
-            toolchains == set(["Clang", "AppleClang", "Aocc"])
+            toolchains == {"llvm", "apple-clang", "aocc"}
             # Msvc toolchain uses Intel ifx
-            or toolchains == set(["Msvc", "Dpcpp", "Oneapi"])
+            or toolchains == {"msvc", "intel-oneapi-compilers"}
         ):
             return False
         tty.debug("[TOOLCHAINS] {0}".format(toolchains))

lib/spack/spack/compilers/aocc.py

@@ -13,18 +13,6 @@
 
 
 class Aocc(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["clang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["clang++"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["flang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["flang"]
-
     version_argument = "--version"
 
     @property

lib/spack/spack/compilers/apple_clang.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import spack.compiler
 import spack.compilers.clang
-import spack.util.executable
 from spack.version import Version
 
 

lib/spack/spack/compilers/arm.py

@@ -9,18 +9,6 @@
 
 
 class Arm(spack.compiler.Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["armclang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["armclang++"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["armflang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["armflang"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within lib/spack/env
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("arm", "armclang"),
@@ -90,11 +78,3 @@ def fc_pic_flag(self):
         return "-fPIC"
 
     required_libs = ["libclang", "libflang"]
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fc_version(cls, fc):
-        return cls.default_version(fc)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def f77_version(cls, f77):
-        return cls.fc_version(f77)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/cce.py

@@ -19,18 +19,6 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if not self.is_clang_based:
             self.version_argument = "-V"
 
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["craycc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["crayCC"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["crayftn"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["crayftn"]
-
     # MacPorts builds gcc versions with prefixes and -mp-X.Y suffixes.
     suffixes = [r"-mp-\d\.\d"]
 

lib/spack/spack/compilers/clang.py

@@ -31,18 +31,6 @@
 
 
 class Clang(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["clang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["clang++"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["flang-new", "flang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["flang-new", "flang"]
-
     version_argument = "--version"
 
     @property

lib/spack/spack/compilers/fj.py

@@ -9,18 +9,6 @@
 
 
 class Fj(spack.compiler.Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["fcc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["FCC"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["frt"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["frt"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("fj", "fcc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/gcc.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 import os
-import re
 
 from llnl.util.filesystem import ancestor
 
@@ -15,18 +14,6 @@
 
 
 class Gcc(spack.compiler.Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["gcc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["g++"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["gfortran"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["gfortran"]
-
     # MacPorts builds gcc versions with prefixes and -mp-X or -mp-X.Y suffixes.
     # Homebrew and Linuxbrew may build gcc with -X, -X.Y suffixes.
     # Old compatibility versions may contain XY suffixes.
@@ -181,40 +168,6 @@ def default_version(cls, cc):
             version = cls.extract_version_from_output(output)
         return version
 
-    @classmethod
-    def fc_version(cls, fc):
-        """Older versions of gfortran use the ``-dumpversion`` option.
-        Output looks like this::
-
-            GNU Fortran (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)
-            Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-        or::
-
-            4.8.5
-
-        In GCC 7, this option was changed to only return the major
-        version of the compiler::
-
-            7
-
-        A new ``-dumpfullversion`` option was added that gives us
-        what we want::
-
-            7.2.0
-        """
-        output = spack.compiler.get_compiler_version_output(fc, "-dumpversion")
-        match = re.search(r"(?:GNU Fortran \(GCC\) )?([\d.]+)", output)
-        version = match.group(match.lastindex) if match else "unknown"
-        if Version(version) >= Version("7"):
-            output = spack.compiler.get_compiler_version_output(fc, "-dumpfullversion")
-            version = cls.extract_version_from_output(output)
-        return version
-
-    @classmethod
-    def f77_version(cls, f77):
-        return cls.fc_version(f77)
-
     @property
     def stdcxx_libs(self):
         return ("-lstdc++",)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/intel.py

@@ -11,18 +11,6 @@
 
 
 class Intel(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["icc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["icpc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["ifort"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["ifort"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("intel", "icc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/msvc.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from typing import Dict, List
+from typing import Dict
 
 import archspec.cpu
 
@@ -117,18 +117,6 @@ def get_valid_fortran_pth():
 
 
 class Msvc(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names: List[str] = ["cl"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names: List[str] = ["cl"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names: List[str] = ["ifx"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names: List[str] = ["ifx"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     # Due to the challenges of supporting compiler wrappers
     # in Windows, we leave these blank, and dynamically compute
@@ -393,7 +381,3 @@ def fc_version(cls, fc):
             )
         clp = spack.util.executable.which_string("cl", path=sps)
         return cls.default_version(clp) if clp else fc_ver
-
-    @classmethod
-    def f77_version(cls, f77):
-        return cls.fc_version(f77)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/nag.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 import os
 import re
-from typing import List
 
 import llnl.util.lang
 
@@ -13,18 +12,6 @@
 
 
 class Nag(spack.compiler.Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names: List[str] = []
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names: List[str] = []
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["nagfor"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["nagfor"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     # Use default wrappers for C and C++, in case provided in compilers.yaml
     link_paths = {

lib/spack/spack/compilers/nvhpc.py

@@ -9,18 +9,6 @@
 
 
 class Nvhpc(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["nvc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["nvc++"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["nvfortran"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["nvfortran"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("nvhpc", "nvc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/oneapi.py

@@ -13,18 +13,6 @@
 
 
 class Oneapi(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["icx"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["icpx"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["ifx"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["ifx"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("oneapi", "icx"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/pgi.py

@@ -10,18 +10,6 @@
 
 
 class Pgi(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["pgcc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["pgc++", "pgCC"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["pgfortran", "pgf77"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["pgfortran", "pgf95", "pgf90"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("pgi", "pgcc"),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/rocmcc.py

@@ -11,18 +11,6 @@
 
 
 class Rocmcc(spack.compilers.clang.Clang):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["amdclang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["amdclang++"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["amdflang"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["amdflang"]
-
     @property
     def link_paths(self):
         link_paths = {
@@ -61,14 +49,6 @@ def extract_version_from_output(cls, output):
         if match:
             return ".".join(match.groups())
 
-    @classmethod
-    def fc_version(cls, fortran_compiler):
-        return cls.default_version(fortran_compiler)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def f77_version(cls, f77):
-        return cls.fc_version(f77)
-
     @property
     def stdcxx_libs(self):
         return ("-lstdc++",)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/xl.py

@@ -10,18 +10,6 @@
 
 
 class Xl(Compiler):
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C compiler
-    cc_names = ["xlc"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of C++ compiler
-    cxx_names = ["xlC", "xlc++"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 77 compiler
-    f77_names = ["xlf"]
-
-    # Subclasses use possible names of Fortran 90 compiler
-    fc_names = ["xlf90", "xlf95", "xlf2003", "xlf2008"]
-
     # Named wrapper links within build_env_path
     link_paths = {
         "cc": os.path.join("xl", "xlc"),
@@ -103,31 +91,3 @@ def fflags(self):
         # For Fortran 90 and beyond, it is set by default and has not impact.
         # Its use has no negative side effects.
         return "-qzerosize"
-
-    @classmethod
-    def fc_version(cls, fc):
-        # The fortran and C/C++ versions of the XL compiler are always
-        # two units apart.  By this we mean that the fortran release that
-        # goes with XL C/C++ 11.1 is 13.1.  Having such a difference in
-        # version number is confusing spack quite a lot.  Most notably
-        # if you keep the versions as is the default xl compiler will
-        # only have fortran and no C/C++.  So we associate the Fortran
-        # compiler with the version associated to the C/C++ compiler.
-        # One last stumble. Version numbers over 10 have at least a .1
-        # those under 10 a .0. There is no xlf 9.x or under currently
-        # available. BG/P and BG/L can such a compiler mix and possibly
-        # older version of AIX and linux on power.
-        fortran_version = cls.default_version(fc)
-        if fortran_version >= 16:
-            # Starting with version 16.1, the XL C and Fortran compilers
-            # have the same version.  So no need to downgrade the Fortran
-            # compiler version to match that of the C compiler version.
-            return str(fortran_version)
-        c_version = float(fortran_version) - 2
-        if c_version < 10:
-            c_version = c_version - 0.1
-        return str(c_version)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def f77_version(cls, f77):
-        return cls.fc_version(f77)