add regression number

Co-authored-by: jacobrking <jacobrking@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -5,3 +5,8 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "daily"
+  # Requirements to build documentation
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/lib/spack/docs"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ jobs:
   package-audits:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{inputs.python_version}}
     - name: Install Python packages
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
           . share/spack/setup-env.sh
           $(which spack) audit packages
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@894ff025c7b54547a9a2a1e9f228beae737ad3c2 # @v2.1.0
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d # @v2.1.0
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,audits

.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison bison-devel libstdc++-static
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
               bzip2 curl file g++ gcc gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup repo
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install cmake bison@2.7 tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           set -ex
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup repo
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
               bzip2 curl file g++ gcc patchelf gfortran git gzip \
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
               gawk
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ jobs:
           # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
           sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ jobs:
           # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
           sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ jobs:
                      [almalinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:8'],
                      [almalinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:9'],
                      [rockylinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:8'],
-                     [rockylinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'rockylinux:9'],
+                     [rockylinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:9'],
                      [fedora37, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:37'],
                      [fedora38, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:38']]
     name: Build ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
     if: github.repository == 'spack/spack'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
 
       - name: Set Container Tag Normal (Nightly)
         run: |
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ jobs:
           path: dockerfiles
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@e81a89b1732b9c48d79cd809d8d81d79c4647a18 # @v1
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@2b82ce82d56a2a04d2637cd93a637ae1b359c0a7 # @v1
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4b4e9c3e2d4531116a6f8ba8e71fc6e2cb6e6c8c # @v1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@ecf95283f03858871ff00b787d79c419715afc34 # @v1
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@f4ef78c080cd8ba55a85445d5b36e214a81df20a # @v1
+        uses: docker/login-action@465a07811f14bebb1938fbed4728c6a1ff8901fc # @v1
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to DockerHub
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: docker/login-action@f4ef78c080cd8ba55a85445d5b36e214a81df20a # @v1
+        uses: docker/login-action@465a07811f14bebb1938fbed4728c6a1ff8901fc # @v1
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build & Deploy ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@3b5e8027fcad23fda98b2e3ac259d8d67585f671 # @v2
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@2eb1c1961a95fc15694676618e422e8ba1d63825 # @v2
         with:
           context: dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.dockerfile[1] }}

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       core: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.core }}
       packages: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.packages }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0

.github/workflows/nightly-win-builds.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Windows Paraview Nightly
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 2 * * *' # Run at 2 am
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell:
+     powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
+
+
+jobs:
+  build-paraview-deps:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools coverage
+    - name: Build Test
+      run: |
+        spack compiler find
+        spack external find cmake ninja win-sdk win-wdk wgl msmpi
+        spack -d install -y --cdash-upload-url https://cdash.spack.io/submit.php?project=Spack+on+Windows --cdash-track Nightly --only dependencies paraview
+        exit 0

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml

@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ jobs:
           on_develop: false
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install System packages
@@ -87,17 +87,17 @@ jobs:
           UNIT_TEST_COVERAGE: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.11' }}
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@894ff025c7b54547a9a2a1e9f228beae737ad3c2
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,${{ matrix.concretizer }}
   # Test shell integration
   shell:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
     - name: Install System packages
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
           COVERAGE: true
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-shell-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@894ff025c7b54547a9a2a1e9f228beae737ad3c2
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d
       with:
         flags: shelltests,linux
 
@@ -133,10 +133,11 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
     - name: Setup repo and non-root user
       run: |
           git --version
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
           git fetch --unshallow
           . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
           useradd spack-test
@@ -151,10 +152,10 @@ jobs:
   clingo-cffi:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
     - name: Install System packages
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ jobs:
           SPACK_TEST_SOLVER: clingo
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@894ff025c7b54547a9a2a1e9f228beae737ad3c2 # @v2.1.0
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d # @v2.1.0
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,clingo
   # Run unit tests on MacOS
@@ -185,10 +186,10 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         python-version: ["3.10"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install Python packages
@@ -210,6 +211,6 @@ jobs:
         $(which spack) solve zlib
         common_args=(--dist loadfile --tx '4*popen//python=./bin/spack-tmpconfig python -u ./bin/spack python' -x)
         $(which spack) unit-test --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml "${common_args[@]}"
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@894ff025c7b54547a9a2a1e9f228beae737ad3c2
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d
       with:
         flags: unittests,macos

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ jobs:
   validate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
         cache: 'pip'
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ jobs:
   style:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
         cache: 'pip'
@@ -68,10 +68,11 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab # @v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
       - name: Setup repo and non-root user
         run: |
           git --version
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
           git fetch --unshallow
           . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
           useradd spack-test
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack debug report
           spack -d bootstrap now --dev
           spack style -t black
           spack unit-test -V

.github/workflows/windows_python.yml

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ jobs:
   unit-tests:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0
       with:
         python-version: 3.9
     - name: Install Python packages
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ jobs:
         ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
         coverage combine -a
         coverage xml
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@894ff025c7b54547a9a2a1e9f228beae737ad3c2
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d
       with:
         flags: unittests,windows
   unit-tests-cmd:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0
       with:
         python-version: 3.9
     - name: Install Python packages
@@ -57,16 +57,16 @@ jobs:
         ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
         coverage combine -a
         coverage xml
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@894ff025c7b54547a9a2a1e9f228beae737ad3c2
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d
       with:
         flags: unittests,windows
   build-abseil:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@8e5e7e5ab8b370d6c329ec480221332ada57f0ab
+    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@57ded4d7d5e986d7296eab16560982c6dd7c923b
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0
       with:
         python-version: 3.9
     - name: Install Python packages

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 version: 2
 
+build:
+  os: "ubuntu-22.04"
+  apt_packages:
+    - graphviz
+  tools:
+    python: "3.11"
+
 sphinx:
   configuration: lib/spack/docs/conf.py
   fail_on_warning: true
 
 python:
-  version: 3.7
   install:
     - requirements: lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,221 @@
+# v0.20.0 (2023-05-21)
+
+`v0.20.0` is a major feature release.
+
+## Features in this release
+
+1. **`requires()` directive and enhanced package requirements**
+
+   We've added some more enhancements to requirements in Spack (#36286).
+
+   There is a new `requires()` directive for packages. `requires()` is the opposite of
+   `conflicts()`. You can use it to impose constraints on this package when certain
+   conditions are met:
+
+   ```python
+   requires(
+       "%apple-clang",
+       when="platform=darwin",
+       msg="This package builds only with clang on macOS"
+   )
+   ```
+
+   More on this in [the docs](
+     https://spack.rtfd.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#conflicts-and-requirements).
+
+   You can also now add a `when:` clause to `requires:` in your `packages.yaml`
+   configuration or in an environment:
+
+   ```yaml
+   packages:
+     openmpi:
+       require:
+       - any_of: ["%gcc"]
+         when: "@:4.1.4"
+         message: "Only OpenMPI 4.1.5 and up can build with fancy compilers"
+   ```
+
+   More details can be found [here](
+     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/build_settings.html#package-requirements)
+
+2. **Exact versions**
+
+   Spack did not previously have a way to distinguish a version if it was a prefix of
+   some other version. For example, `@3.2` would match `3.2`, `3.2.1`, `3.2.2`, etc. You
+   can now match *exactly* `3.2` with `@=3.2`. This is useful, for example, if you need
+   to patch *only* the `3.2` version of a package. The new syntax is described in [the docs](
+     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/basic_usage.html#version-specifier).
+
+   Generally, when writing packages, you should prefer to use ranges like `@3.2` over
+   the specific versions, as this allows the concretizer more leeway when selecting
+   versions of dependencies. More details and recommendations are in the [packaging guide](
+     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#ranges-versus-specific-versions).
+
+   See #36273 for full details on the version refactor.
+
+3. **New testing interface**
+
+   Writing package tests is now much simpler with a new [test interface](
+     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#stand-alone-tests).
+
+   Writing a test is now as easy as adding a method that starts with `test_`:
+
+   ```python
+   class MyPackage(Package):
+       ...
+
+       def test_always_fails(self):
+           """use assert to always fail"""
+           assert False
+
+       def test_example(self):
+           """run installed example"""
+           example = which(self.prefix.bin.example)
+           example()
+    ```
+
+    You can use Python's native `assert` statement to implement your checks -- no more
+    need to fiddle with `run_test` or other test framework methods. Spack will
+    introspect the class and run `test_*` methods when you run `spack test`,
+
+4. **More stable concretization**
+
+   * Now, `spack concretize` will *only* concretize the new portions of the environment
+     and will not change existing parts of an environment unless you specify `--force`.
+     This has always been true for `unify:false`, but not for `unify:true` and
+     `unify:when_possible` environments. Now it is true for all of them (#37438, #37681).
+
+   * The concretizer has a new `--reuse-deps` argument that *only* reuses dependencies.
+     That is, it will always treat the *roots* of your environment as it would with
+     `--fresh`. This allows you to upgrade just the roots of your environment while
+     keeping everything else stable (#30990).
+
+5. **Weekly develop snapshot releases**
+
+   Since last year, we have maintained a buildcache of `develop` at
+   https://binaries.spack.io/develop, but the cache can grow to contain so many builds
+   as to be unwieldy. When we get a stable `develop` build, we snapshot the release and
+   add a corresponding tag the Spack repository. So, you can use a stack from a specific
+   day. There are now tags in the spack repository like:
+
+   * `develop-2023-05-14`
+   * `develop-2023-05-18`
+
+   that correspond to build caches like:
+
+   * https://binaries.spack.io/develop-2023-05-14/e4s
+   * https://binaries.spack.io/develop-2023-05-18/e4s
+
+   We plan to store these snapshot releases weekly.
+
+6. **Specs in buildcaches can be referenced by hash.**
+
+   * Previously, you could run `spack buildcache list` and see the hashes in
+     buildcaches, but referring to them by hash would fail.
+   * You can now run commands like `spack spec` and `spack install` and refer to
+     buildcache hashes directly, e.g. `spack install /abc123` (#35042)
+
+7. **New package and buildcache index websites**
+
+   Our public websites for searching packages have been completely revamped and updated.
+   You can check them out here:
+
+   * *Package Index*: https://packages.spack.io
+   * *Buildcache Index*: https://cache.spack.io
+
+   Both are searchable and more interactive than before. Currently major releases are
+   shown; UI for browsing `develop` snapshots is coming soon.
+
+8. **Default CMake and Meson build types are now Release**
+
+   Spack has historically defaulted to building with optimization and debugging, but
+   packages like `llvm` can be enormous with debug turned on. Our default build type for
+   all Spack packages is now `Release` (#36679, #37436). This has a number of benefits:
+
+   * much smaller binaries;
+   * higher default optimization level; and
+   * defining `NDEBUG` disables assertions, which may lead to further speedups.
+
+   You can still get the old behavior back through requirements and package preferences.
+
+## Other new commands and directives
+
+* `spack checksum` can automatically add new versions to package (#24532)
+* new command: `spack pkg grep` to easily search package files (#34388)
+* New `maintainers` directive (#35083)
+* Add `spack buildcache push` (alias to `buildcache create`) (#34861)
+* Allow using `-j` to control the parallelism of concretization (#37608)
+* Add `--exclude` option to 'spack external find' (#35013)
+
+## Other new features of note
+
+* editing: add higher-precedence `SPACK_EDITOR` environment variable
+* Many YAML formatting improvements from updating `ruamel.yaml` to the latest version
+  supporting Python 3.6. (#31091, #24885, #37008).
+* Requirements and preferences should not define (non-git) versions (#37687, #37747)
+* Environments now store spack version/commit in `spack.lock` (#32801)
+* User can specify the name of the `packages` subdirectory in repositories (#36643)
+* Add container images supporting RHEL alternatives (#36713)
+* make version(...) kwargs explicit (#36998)
+
+## Notable refactors
+
+* buildcache create: reproducible tarballs (#35623)
+* Bootstrap most of Spack dependencies using environments (#34029)
+* Split `satisfies(..., strict=True/False)` into two functions (#35681)
+* spack install: simplify behavior when inside environments (#35206)
+
+## Binary cache and stack updates
+
+* Major simplification of CI boilerplate in stacks (#34272, #36045)
+* Many improvements to our CI pipeline's reliability
+
+## Removals, Deprecations, and disablements
+* Module file generation is disabled by default; you'll need to enable it to use it (#37258)
+* Support for Python 2 was deprecated in `v0.19.0` and has been removed. `v0.20.0` only
+  supports Python 3.6 and higher.
+* Deprecated target names are no longer recognized by Spack. Use generic names instead:
+  * `graviton` is now `cortex_a72`
+  * `graviton2` is now `neoverse_n1`
+  * `graviton3` is now `neoverse_v1`
+* `blacklist` and `whitelist` in module configuration were deprecated in `v0.19.0` and are
+  removed in this release. Use `exclude` and `include` instead.
+* The `ignore=` parameter of the `extends()` directive has been removed. It was not used by
+  any builtin packages and is no longer needed to avoid conflicts in environment views (#35588).
+* Support for the old YAML buildcache format has been removed. It was deprecated in `v0.19.0` (#34347).
+* `spack find --bootstrap` has been removed. It was deprecated in `v0.19.0`. Use `spack
+  --bootstrap find` instead (#33964).
+* `spack bootstrap trust` and `spack bootstrap untrust` are now removed, having been
+  deprecated in `v0.19.0`. Use `spack bootstrap enable` and `spack bootstrap disable`.
+* The `--mirror-name`, `--mirror-url`, and `--directory` options to buildcache and
+  mirror commands were deprecated in `v0.19.0` and have now been removed. They have been
+  replaced by positional arguments (#37457).
+* Deprecate `env:` as top level environment key (#37424)
+* deprecate buildcache create --rel, buildcache install --allow-root (#37285)
+* Support for very old perl-like spec format strings (e.g., `$_$@$%@+$+$=`) has been
+  removed (#37425). This was deprecated in in `v0.15` (#10556).
+
+## Notable Bugfixes
+
+* bugfix: don't fetch package metadata for unknown concrete specs (#36990)
+* Improve package source code context display on error  (#37655)
+* Relax environment manifest filename requirements and lockfile identification criteria (#37413)
+* `installer.py`: drop build edges of installed packages by default (#36707)
+* Bugfix: package requirements with git commits (#35057, #36347)
+* Package requirements: allow single specs in requirement lists (#36258)
+* conditional variant values: allow boolean (#33939)
+* spack uninstall: follow run/link edges on --dependents (#34058)
+
+## Spack community stats
+
+* 7,179 total packages, 499 new since `v0.19.0`
+    * 329 new Python packages
+    * 31 new R packages
+* 336 people contributed to this release
+    * 317 committers to packages
+    * 62 committers to core
+
+
 # v0.19.1 (2023-02-07)
 
 ### Spack Bugfixes

lib/spack/docs/_pygments/style.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+# We use our own extension of the default style with a few modifications
+from pygments.styles.default import DefaultStyle
+from pygments.token import Generic
+
+
+class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
+    styles = DefaultStyle.styles.copy()
+    background_color = "#f4f4f8"
+    styles[Generic.Output] = "#355"
+    styles[Generic.Prompt] = "bold #346ec9"

lib/spack/docs/conf.py

@@ -149,7 +149,6 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 # Get nice vector graphics
 graphviz_output_format = "svg"
 
-
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
 templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
@@ -233,30 +232,8 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
 # show_authors = False
-
-# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-# We use our own extension of the default style with a few modifications
-from pygments.style import Style
-from pygments.styles.default import DefaultStyle
-from pygments.token import Comment, Generic, Text
-
-
-class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
-    styles = DefaultStyle.styles.copy()
-    background_color = "#f4f4f8"
-    styles[Generic.Output] = "#355"
-    styles[Generic.Prompt] = "bold #346ec9"
-
-
-import pkg_resources
-
-dist = pkg_resources.Distribution(__file__)
-sys.path.append(".")  # make 'conf' module findable
-ep = pkg_resources.EntryPoint.parse("spack = conf:SpackStyle", dist=dist)
-dist._ep_map = {"pygments.styles": {"plugin1": ep}}
-pkg_resources.working_set.add(dist)
-
-pygments_style = "spack"
+sys.path.append("./_pygments")
+pygments_style = "style.SpackStyle"
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 # modindex_common_prefix = []
@@ -341,16 +318,15 @@ class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
 htmlhelp_basename = "Spackdoc"
 
-
 # -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-    #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-    #'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-    #'preamble': '',
+    # 'preamble': '',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples

lib/spack/docs/containers.rst

@@ -143,6 +143,26 @@ The OS that are currently supported are summarized in the table below:
    * - Amazon Linux 2
      - ``amazonlinux:2``
      - ``spack/amazon-linux``
+   * - AlmaLinux 8
+     - ``almalinux:8``
+     - ``spack/almalinux8``
+   * - AlmaLinux 9
+     - ``almalinux:9``
+     - ``spack/almalinux9``
+   * - Rocky Linux 8
+     - ``rockylinux:8``
+     - ``spack/rockylinux8``
+   * - Rocky Linux 9
+     - ``rockylinux:9``
+     - ``spack/rockylinux9``
+   * - Fedora Linux 37
+     - ``fedora:37``
+     - ``spack/fedora37``
+   * - Fedora Linux 38
+     - ``fedora:38``
+     - ``spack/fedora38``
+
+
 
 All the images are tagged with the corresponding release of Spack:
 
@@ -616,7 +636,7 @@ to customize the generation of container recipes:
      - No
    * - ``os_packages:command``
      - Tool used to manage system packages
-     - ``apt``, ``yum``, ``zypper``, ``apk``, ``yum_amazon``
+     - ``apt``, ``yum``, ``dnf``, ``dnf_epel``, ``zypper``, ``apk``, ``yum_amazon``
      - Only with custom base images
    * - ``os_packages:update``
      - Whether or not to update the list of available packages

lib/spack/docs/environments.rst

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ the Environment and then install the concretized specs.
    (see :ref:`build-jobs`). To speed up environment builds further, independent
    packages can be installed in parallel by launching more Spack instances. For
    example, the following will build at most four packages in parallel using
-   three background jobs: 
+   three background jobs:
 
    .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ version (and other constraints) passed as the spec argument to the
 
 For packages with ``git`` attributes, git branches, tags, and commits can
 also be used as valid concrete versions (see :ref:`version-specifier`).
-This means that for a package ``foo``, ``spack develop foo@git.main`` will clone 
+This means that for a package ``foo``, ``spack develop foo@git.main`` will clone
 the ``main`` branch of the package, and ``spack install`` will install from
 that git clone if ``foo`` is in the environment.
 Further development on ``foo`` can be tested by reinstalling the environment,
@@ -589,10 +589,11 @@ user support groups providing a large software stack for their HPC center.
 
 .. admonition:: Re-concretization of user specs
 
-   When using *unified* concretization (when possible), the entire set of specs will be
-   re-concretized after any addition of new user specs, to ensure that
-   the environment remains consistent / minimal. When instead unified concretization is
-   disabled, only the new specs will be concretized after any addition.
+   The ``spack concretize`` command without additional arguments will *not* change any
+   previously concretized specs. This may prevent it from finding a solution when using
+   ``unify: true``, and it may prevent it from finding a minimal solution when using
+   ``unify: when_possible``. You can force Spack to ignore the existing concrete environment
+   with ``spack concretize -f``.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Spec Matrices
@@ -1121,21 +1122,21 @@ index once every package is pushed. Note how this target uses the generated
 
    SPACK ?= spack
    BUILDCACHE_DIR = $(CURDIR)/tarballs
-   
+
    .PHONY: all
-   
+
    all: push
-   
+
    include env.mk
-   
+
    example/push/%: example/install/%
    	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
    	$(info About to push $(SPEC) to a buildcache)
-   	$(SPACK) -e . buildcache create --allow-root --only=package --directory $(BUILDCACHE_DIR) /$(HASH)
+   	$(SPACK) -e . buildcache push --allow-root --only=package $(BUILDCACHE_DIR) /$(HASH)
    	@touch $@
-   
+
    push: $(addprefix example/push/,$(example/SPACK_PACKAGE_IDS))
    	$(info Updating the buildcache index)
-   	$(SPACK) -e . buildcache update-index --directory $(BUILDCACHE_DIR)
+   	$(SPACK) -e . buildcache update-index $(BUILDCACHE_DIR)
    	$(info Done!)
    	@touch $@

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ installed, but you know that new compilers have been added to your
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ module load gcc-4.9.0
+   $ module load gcc/4.9.0
    $ spack compiler find
    ==> Added 1 new compiler to ~/.spack/linux/compilers.yaml
        gcc@4.9.0

lib/spack/docs/index.rst

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ or refer to the full manual below.
    chain
    extensions
    pipelines
+   signing
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2

lib/spack/docs/module_file_support.rst

@@ -35,27 +35,27 @@ showing lots of installed packages:
    $ module avail
 
    --------------------------------------------------------------- ~/spack/share/spack/modules/linux-ubuntu14-x86_64 ---------------------------------------------------------------
-   autoconf-2.69-gcc-4.8-qextxkq       hwloc-1.11.6-gcc-6.3.0-akcisez             m4-1.4.18-gcc-4.8-ev2znoc                   openblas-0.2.19-gcc-6.3.0-dhkmed6        py-setuptools-34.2.0-gcc-6.3.0-fadur4s
-   automake-1.15-gcc-4.8-maqvukj       isl-0.18-gcc-4.8-afi6taq                   m4-1.4.18-gcc-6.3.0-uppywnz                 openmpi-2.1.0-gcc-6.3.0-go2s4z5          py-six-1.10.0-gcc-6.3.0-p4dhkaw
-   binutils-2.28-gcc-4.8-5s7c6rs       libiconv-1.15-gcc-4.8-at46wg3              mawk-1.3.4-gcc-4.8-acjez57                  openssl-1.0.2k-gcc-4.8-dkls5tk           python-2.7.13-gcc-6.3.0-tyehea7
-   bison-3.0.4-gcc-4.8-ek4luo5         libpciaccess-0.13.4-gcc-6.3.0-gmufnvh      mawk-1.3.4-gcc-6.3.0-ostdoms                openssl-1.0.2k-gcc-6.3.0-gxgr5or         readline-7.0-gcc-4.8-xhufqhn
-   bzip2-1.0.6-gcc-4.8-iffrxzn         libsigsegv-2.11-gcc-4.8-pp2cvte            mpc-1.0.3-gcc-4.8-g5mztc5                   pcre-8.40-gcc-4.8-r5pbrxb                readline-7.0-gcc-6.3.0-zzcyicg
-   bzip2-1.0.6-gcc-6.3.0-bequudr       libsigsegv-2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7enifnh          mpfr-3.1.5-gcc-4.8-o7xm7az                  perl-5.24.1-gcc-4.8-dg5j65u              sqlite-3.8.5-gcc-6.3.0-6zoruzj
-   cmake-3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby       libtool-2.4.6-gcc-4.8-7a523za              mpich-3.2-gcc-6.3.0-dmvd3aw                 perl-5.24.1-gcc-6.3.0-6uzkpt6            tar-1.29-gcc-4.8-wse2ass
-   curl-7.53.1-gcc-4.8-3fz46n6         libtool-2.4.6-gcc-6.3.0-n7zmbzt            ncurses-6.0-gcc-4.8-dcpe7ia                 pkg-config-0.29.2-gcc-4.8-ib33t75        tcl-8.6.6-gcc-4.8-tfxzqbr
-   expat-2.2.0-gcc-4.8-mrv6bd4         libxml2-2.9.4-gcc-4.8-ryzxnsu              ncurses-6.0-gcc-6.3.0-ucbhcdy               pkg-config-0.29.2-gcc-6.3.0-jpgubk3      util-macros-1.19.1-gcc-6.3.0-xorz2x2
-   flex-2.6.3-gcc-4.8-yf345oo          libxml2-2.9.4-gcc-6.3.0-rltzsdh            netlib-lapack-3.6.1-gcc-6.3.0-js33dog       py-appdirs-1.4.0-gcc-6.3.0-jxawmw7       xz-5.2.3-gcc-4.8-mew4log
-   gcc-6.3.0-gcc-4.8-24puqve           lmod-7.4.1-gcc-4.8-je4srhr                 netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-5aidk4l    py-numpy-1.12.0-gcc-6.3.0-oemmoeu        xz-5.2.3-gcc-6.3.0-3vqeuvb
-   gettext-0.19.8.1-gcc-4.8-yymghlh    lua-5.3.4-gcc-4.8-im75yaz                  netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-hjsemcn    py-packaging-16.8-gcc-6.3.0-i2n3dtl      zip-3.0-gcc-4.8-rwar22d
-   gmp-6.1.2-gcc-4.8-5ub2wu5           lua-luafilesystem-1_6_3-gcc-4.8-wkey3nl    netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-jva724b    py-pyparsing-2.1.10-gcc-6.3.0-tbo6gmw    zlib-1.2.11-gcc-4.8-pgxsxv7
-   help2man-1.47.4-gcc-4.8-kcnqmau     lua-luaposix-33.4.0-gcc-4.8-mdod2ry        netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-rgqfr6d    py-scipy-0.19.0-gcc-6.3.0-kr7nat4        zlib-1.2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7cqp6cj
+   autoconf/2.69-gcc-4.8-qextxkq       hwloc/1.11.6-gcc-6.3.0-akcisez             m4/1.4.18-gcc-4.8-ev2znoc                   openblas/0.2.19-gcc-6.3.0-dhkmed6        py-setuptools/34.2.0-gcc-6.3.0-fadur4s
+   automake/1.15-gcc-4.8-maqvukj       isl/0.18-gcc-4.8-afi6taq                   m4/1.4.18-gcc-6.3.0-uppywnz                 openmpi/2.1.0-gcc-6.3.0-go2s4z5          py-six/1.10.0-gcc-6.3.0-p4dhkaw
+   binutils/2.28-gcc-4.8-5s7c6rs       libiconv/1.15-gcc-4.8-at46wg3              mawk/1.3.4-gcc-4.8-acjez57                  openssl/1.0.2k-gcc-4.8-dkls5tk           python/2.7.13-gcc-6.3.0-tyehea7
+   bison/3.0.4-gcc-4.8-ek4luo5         libpciaccess/0.13.4-gcc-6.3.0-gmufnvh      mawk/1.3.4-gcc-6.3.0-ostdoms                openssl/1.0.2k-gcc-6.3.0-gxgr5or         readline/7.0-gcc-4.8-xhufqhn
+   bzip2/1.0.6-gcc-4.8-iffrxzn         libsigsegv/2.11-gcc-4.8-pp2cvte            mpc/1.0.3-gcc-4.8-g5mztc5                   pcre/8.40-gcc-4.8-r5pbrxb                readline/7.0-gcc-6.3.0-zzcyicg
+   bzip2/1.0.6-gcc-6.3.0-bequudr       libsigsegv/2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7enifnh          mpfr/3.1.5-gcc-4.8-o7xm7az                  perl/5.24.1-gcc-4.8-dg5j65u              sqlite/3.8.5-gcc-6.3.0-6zoruzj
+   cmake/3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby       libtool/2.4.6-gcc-4.8-7a523za              mpich/3.2-gcc-6.3.0-dmvd3aw                 perl/5.24.1-gcc-6.3.0-6uzkpt6            tar/1.29-gcc-4.8-wse2ass
+   curl/7.53.1-gcc-4.8-3fz46n6         libtool/2.4.6-gcc-6.3.0-n7zmbzt            ncurses/6.0-gcc-4.8-dcpe7ia                 pkg-config/0.29.2-gcc-4.8-ib33t75        tcl/8.6.6-gcc-4.8-tfxzqbr
+   expat/2.2.0-gcc-4.8-mrv6bd4         libxml2/2.9.4-gcc-4.8-ryzxnsu              ncurses/6.0-gcc-6.3.0-ucbhcdy               pkg-config/0.29.2-gcc-6.3.0-jpgubk3      util-macros/1.19.1-gcc-6.3.0-xorz2x2
+   flex/2.6.3-gcc-4.8-yf345oo          libxml2/2.9.4-gcc-6.3.0-rltzsdh            netlib-lapack/3.6.1-gcc-6.3.0-js33dog       py-appdirs/1.4.0-gcc-6.3.0-jxawmw7       xz/5.2.3-gcc-4.8-mew4log
+   gcc/6.3.0-gcc-4.8-24puqve           lmod/7.4.1-gcc-4.8-je4srhr                 netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-5aidk4l    py-numpy/1.12.0-gcc-6.3.0-oemmoeu        xz/5.2.3-gcc-6.3.0-3vqeuvb
+   gettext/0.19.8.1-gcc-4.8-yymghlh    lua/5.3.4-gcc-4.8-im75yaz                  netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-hjsemcn    py-packaging/16.8-gcc-6.3.0-i2n3dtl      zip/3.0-gcc-4.8-rwar22d
+   gmp/6.1.2-gcc-4.8-5ub2wu5           lua-luafilesystem/1_6_3-gcc-4.8-wkey3nl    netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-jva724b    py-pyparsing/2.1.10-gcc-6.3.0-tbo6gmw    zlib/1.2.11-gcc-4.8-pgxsxv7
+   help2man/1.47.4-gcc-4.8-kcnqmau     lua-luaposix/33.4.0-gcc-4.8-mdod2ry        netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-rgqfr6d    py-scipy/0.19.0-gcc-6.3.0-kr7nat4        zlib/1.2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7cqp6cj
 
 The names should look familiar, as they resemble the output from ``spack find``.
 For example, you could type the following command to load the ``cmake`` module:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ module load cmake-3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby
+   $ module load cmake/3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby
 
 Neither of these is particularly pretty, easy to remember, or easy to
 type. Luckily, Spack offers many facilities for customizing the module
@@ -779,35 +779,35 @@ cut-and-pasted into a shell script.  For example:
 
     $ spack module tcl loads --dependencies py-numpy git
     # bzip2@1.0.6%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load bzip2-1.0.6-gcc-4.9.3-ktnrhkrmbbtlvnagfatrarzjojmkvzsx
+    module load bzip2/1.0.6-gcc-4.9.3-ktnrhkrmbbtlvnagfatrarzjojmkvzsx
     # ncurses@6.0%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load ncurses-6.0-gcc-4.9.3-kaazyneh3bjkfnalunchyqtygoe2mncv
+    module load ncurses/6.0-gcc-4.9.3-kaazyneh3bjkfnalunchyqtygoe2mncv
     # zlib@1.2.8%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load zlib-1.2.8-gcc-4.9.3-v3ufwaahjnviyvgjcelo36nywx2ufj7z
+    module load zlib/1.2.8-gcc-4.9.3-v3ufwaahjnviyvgjcelo36nywx2ufj7z
     # sqlite@3.8.5%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load sqlite-3.8.5-gcc-4.9.3-a3eediswgd5f3rmto7g3szoew5nhehbr
+    module load sqlite/3.8.5-gcc-4.9.3-a3eediswgd5f3rmto7g3szoew5nhehbr
     # readline@6.3%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load readline-6.3-gcc-4.9.3-se6r3lsycrwxyhreg4lqirp6xixxejh3
+    module load readline/6.3-gcc-4.9.3-se6r3lsycrwxyhreg4lqirp6xixxejh3
     # python@3.5.1%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load python-3.5.1-gcc-4.9.3-5q5rsrtjld4u6jiicuvtnx52m7tfhegi
+    module load python/3.5.1-gcc-4.9.3-5q5rsrtjld4u6jiicuvtnx52m7tfhegi
     # py-setuptools@20.5%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load py-setuptools-20.5-gcc-4.9.3-4qr2suj6p6glepnedmwhl4f62x64wxw2
+    module load py-setuptools/20.5-gcc-4.9.3-4qr2suj6p6glepnedmwhl4f62x64wxw2
     # py-nose@1.3.7%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load py-nose-1.3.7-gcc-4.9.3-pwhtjw2dvdvfzjwuuztkzr7b4l6zepli
+    module load py-nose/1.3.7-gcc-4.9.3-pwhtjw2dvdvfzjwuuztkzr7b4l6zepli
     # openblas@0.2.17%gcc@4.9.3+shared=linux-x86_64
-    module load openblas-0.2.17-gcc-4.9.3-pw6rmlom7apfsnjtzfttyayzc7nx5e7y
+    module load openblas/0.2.17-gcc-4.9.3-pw6rmlom7apfsnjtzfttyayzc7nx5e7y
     # py-numpy@1.11.0%gcc@4.9.3+blas+lapack=linux-x86_64
-    module load py-numpy-1.11.0-gcc-4.9.3-mulodttw5pcyjufva4htsktwty4qd52r
+    module load py-numpy/1.11.0-gcc-4.9.3-mulodttw5pcyjufva4htsktwty4qd52r
     # curl@7.47.1%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load curl-7.47.1-gcc-4.9.3-ohz3fwsepm3b462p5lnaquv7op7naqbi
+    module load curl/7.47.1-gcc-4.9.3-ohz3fwsepm3b462p5lnaquv7op7naqbi
     # autoconf@2.69%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load autoconf-2.69-gcc-4.9.3-bkibjqhgqm5e3o423ogfv2y3o6h2uoq4
+    module load autoconf/2.69-gcc-4.9.3-bkibjqhgqm5e3o423ogfv2y3o6h2uoq4
     # cmake@3.5.0%gcc@4.9.3~doc+ncurses+openssl~qt=linux-x86_64
-    module load cmake-3.5.0-gcc-4.9.3-x7xnsklmgwla3ubfgzppamtbqk5rwn7t
+    module load cmake/3.5.0-gcc-4.9.3-x7xnsklmgwla3ubfgzppamtbqk5rwn7t
     # expat@2.1.0%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load expat-2.1.0-gcc-4.9.3-6pkz2ucnk2e62imwakejjvbv6egncppd
+    module load expat/2.1.0-gcc-4.9.3-6pkz2ucnk2e62imwakejjvbv6egncppd
     # git@2.8.0-rc2%gcc@4.9.3+curl+expat=linux-x86_64
-    module load git-2.8.0-rc2-gcc-4.9.3-3bib4hqtnv5xjjoq5ugt3inblt4xrgkd
+    module load git/2.8.0-rc2-gcc-4.9.3-3bib4hqtnv5xjjoq5ugt3inblt4xrgkd
 
 The script may be further edited by removing unnecessary modules.
 
@@ -826,12 +826,12 @@ For example, consider the following on one system:
 .. code-block:: console
 
     $ module avail
-    linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr-2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
+    linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr/2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
 
     $ spack module tcl loads antlr    # WRONG!
     # antlr@2.7.7%gcc@5.3.0~csharp+cxx~java~python arch=linux-SuSE11-x86_64
-    module load antlr-2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
+    module load antlr/2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
 
     $ spack module tcl loads --prefix linux-SuSE11-x86_64/ antlr
     # antlr@2.7.7%gcc@5.3.0~csharp+cxx~java~python arch=linux-SuSE11-x86_64
-    module load linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr-2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
+    module load linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr/2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -3071,7 +3071,7 @@ follows:
        # The library provided by the bar virtual package
        @property
        def bar_libs(self):
-           return find_libraries("libFooBar", root=sef.home, recursive=True)
+           return find_libraries("libFooBar", root=self.home, recursive=True)
 
        # The baz virtual package home
        @property

lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
-# These dependencies should be installed using pip in order
-# to build the documentation.
-
-sphinx>=3.4,!=4.1.2,!=5.1.0
-sphinxcontrib-programoutput
-sphinx-design
-sphinx-rtd-theme
-python-levenshtein
-# Restrict to docutils <0.17 to workaround a list rendering issue in sphinx.
-# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67542699
-docutils <0.17
-pygments <2.13
-urllib3 <2
+sphinx==6.2.1
+sphinxcontrib-programoutput==0.17
+sphinx_design==0.4.1
+sphinx-rtd-theme==1.2.2
+python-levenshtein==0.21.1
+docutils==0.18.1
+pygments==2.15.1
+urllib3==2.0.3

lib/spack/docs/signing.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+.. _signing:
+
+=====================
+Spack Package Signing
+=====================
+
+The goal of package signing in Spack is to provide data integrity
+assurances around official packages produced by the automated Spack CI
+pipelines. These assurances directly address the security of Spack’s
+software supply chain by explaining why a security-conscious user can
+be reasonably justified in the belief that packages installed via Spack
+have an uninterrupted auditable trail back to change management
+decisions judged to be appropriate by the Spack maintainers. This is
+achieved through cryptographic signing of packages built by Spack CI
+pipelines based on code that has been transparently reviewed and
+approved on GitHub. This document describes the signing process for
+interested users.
+
+.. _risks:
+
+------------------------------
+Risks, Impact and Threat Model
+------------------------------
+
+This document addresses the approach taken to safeguard Spack’s
+reputation with regard to the integrity of the package data produced by
+Spack’s CI pipelines. It does not address issues of data confidentiality
+(Spack is intended to be largely open source) or availability (efforts
+are described elsewhere). With that said the main reputational risk can
+be broadly categorized as a loss of faith in the data integrity due to a
+breach of the private key used to sign packages. Remediation of a
+private key breach would require republishing the public key with a
+revocation certificate, generating a new signing key, an assessment and
+potential rebuild/resigning of all packages since the key was breached,
+and finally direct intervention by every spack user to update their copy
+of Spack’s public keys used for local verification.
+
+The primary threat model used in mitigating the risks of these stated
+impacts is one of individual error not malicious intent or insider
+threat. The primary objective is to avoid the above impacts by making a
+private key breach nearly impossible due to oversight or configuration
+error. Obvious and straightforward measures are taken to mitigate issues
+of malicious interference in data integrity and insider threats but
+these attack vectors are not systematically addressed. It should be hard
+to exfiltrate the private key intentionally, and almost impossible to
+leak the key by accident.
+
+.. _overview:
+
+-----------------
+Pipeline Overview
+-----------------
+
+Spack pipelines build software through progressive stages where packages
+in later stages nominally depend on packages built in earlier stages.
+For both technical and design reasons these dependencies are not
+implemented through the default GitLab artifacts mechanism; instead
+built packages are uploaded to AWS S3 mirrors (buckets) where they are
+retrieved by subsequent stages in the pipeline. Two broad categories of
+pipelines exist: Pull Request (PR) pipelines and Develop/Release
+pipelines.
+
+-  PR pipelines are launched in response to pull requests made by
+   trusted and untrusted users. Packages built on these pipelines upload
+   code to quarantined AWS S3 locations which cache the built packages
+   for the purposes of review and iteration on the changes proposed in
+   the pull request. Packages built on PR pipelines can come from
+   untrusted users so signing of these pipelines is not implemented.
+   Jobs in these pipelines are executed via normal GitLab runners both
+   within the AWS GitLab infrastructure and at affiliated institutions.
+-  Develop and Release pipelines **sign** the packages they produce and carry
+   strong integrity assurances that trace back to auditable change management
+   decisions. These pipelines only run after members from a trusted group of
+   reviewers verify that the proposed changes in a pull request are appropriate.
+   Once the PR is merged, or a release is cut, a pipeline is run on protected
+   GitLab runners which provide access to the required signing keys within the
+   job. Intermediary keys are used to sign packages in each stage of the
+   pipeline as they are built and a final job officially signs each package
+   external to any specific packages’ build environment. An intermediate key
+   exists in the AWS infrastructure and for each affiliated instritution that
+   maintains protected runners. The runners that execute these pipelines
+   exclusively accept jobs from protected branches meaning the intermediate keys
+   are never exposed to unreviewed code and the official keys are never exposed
+   to any specific build environment.
+
+.. _key_architecture:
+
+----------------
+Key Architecture
+----------------
+
+Spack’s CI process uses public-key infrastructure (PKI) based on GNU Privacy
+Guard (gpg) keypairs to sign public releases of spack package metadata, also
+called specs. Two classes of GPG keys are involved in the process to reduce the
+impact of an individual private key compromise, these key classes are the
+*Intermediate CI Key* and *Reputational Key*. Each of these keys has signing
+sub-keys that are used exclusively for signing packages. This can be confusing
+so for the purpose of this explanation we’ll refer to Root and Signing keys.
+Each key has a private and a public component as well as one or more identities
+and zero or more signatures.
+
+-------------------
+Intermediate CI Key
+-------------------
+
+The Intermediate key class is used to sign and verify packages between stages
+within a develop or release pipeline. An intermediate key exists for the AWS
+infrastructure as well as each affiliated institution that maintains protected
+runners. These intermediate keys are made available to the GitLab execution
+environment building the package so that the package’s dependencies may be
+verified by the Signing Intermediate CI Public Key and the final package may be
+signed by the Signing Intermediate CI Private Key.
+
+
++---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Intermediate CI Key (GPG)**                                                                           |
++==================================================+======================================================+
+| Root Intermediate CI Private Key (RSA 4096)#     |     Root Intermediate CI Public Key (RSA 4096)       |
++--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
+|   Signing Intermediate CI Private Key (RSA 4096) |        Signing Intermediate CI Public Key (RSA 4096) |
++--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
+| Identity: “Intermediate CI Key <maintainers@spack.io>”                                                  |
++---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Signatures: None                                                                                        |
++---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+
+The *Root intermediate CI Private Key*\ Is stripped out of the GPG key and
+stored offline completely separate from Spack’s infrastructure. This allows the
+core development team to append revocation certificates to the GPG key and
+issue new sub-keys for use in the pipeline. It is our expectation that this
+will happen on a semi regular basis. A corollary of this is that *this key
+should not be used to verify package integrity outside the internal CI process.*
+
+----------------
+Reputational Key
+----------------
+
+The Reputational Key is the public facing key used to sign complete groups of
+development and release packages. Only one key pair exsits in this class of
+keys. In contrast to the Intermediate CI Key the Reputational Key *should* be
+used to verify package integrity. At the end of develop and release pipeline a
+final pipeline job pulls down all signed package metadata built by the pipeline,
+verifies they were signed with an Intermediate CI Key, then strips the
+Intermediate CI Key signature from the package and re-signs them with the
+Signing Reputational Private Key. The officially signed packages are then
+uploaded back to the AWS S3 mirror. Please note that separating use of the
+reputational key into this final job is done to prevent leakage of the key in a
+spack package. Because the Signing Reputational Private Key is never exposed to
+a build job it cannot accidentally end up in any built package.
+
+
++---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| **Reputational Key (GPG)**                                                                              |
++==================================================+======================================================+
+| Root Reputational Private Key (RSA 4096)#        |          Root Reputational Public Key (RSA 4096)     |
++--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
+| Signing Reputational Private Key (RSA 4096)      |          Signing Reputational Public Key (RSA 4096)  |
++--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
+| Identity: “Spack Project <maintainers@spack.io>”                                                        |
++---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| Signatures: Signed by core development team [#f1]_                                                      |
++---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+
+The Root Reputational Private Key is stripped out of the GPG key and stored
+offline completely separate from Spack’s infrastructure. This allows the core
+development team to append revocation certificates to the GPG key in the
+unlikely event that the Signing Reputation Private Key is compromised. In
+general it is the expectation that rotating this key will happen infrequently if
+at all. This should allow relatively transparent verification for the end-user
+community without needing deep familiarity with GnuPG or Public Key
+Infrastructure.
+
+
+.. _build_cache_format:
+
+------------------
+Build Cache Format
+------------------
+
+A binary package consists of a metadata file unambiguously defining the
+built package (and including other details such as how to relocate it)
+and the installation directory of the package stored as a compressed
+archive file. The metadata files can either be unsigned, in which case
+the contents are simply the json-serialized concrete spec plus metadata,
+or they can be signed, in which case the json-serialized concrete spec
+plus metadata is wrapped in a gpg cleartext signature. Built package
+metadata files are named to indicate the operating system and
+architecture for which the package was built as well as the compiler
+used to build it and the packages name and version. For example::
+
+  linux-ubuntu18.04-haswell-gcc-7.5.0-zlib-1.2.12-llv2ysfdxnppzjrt5ldybb5c52qbmoow.spec.json.sig
+
+would contain the concrete spec and binary metadata for a binary package
+of ``zlib@1.2.12``, built for the ``ubuntu`` operating system and ``haswell``
+architecture. The id of the built package exists in the name of the file
+as well (after the package name and version) and in this case begins
+with ``llv2ys``. The id distinguishes a particular built package from all
+other built packages with the same os/arch, compiler, name, and version.
+Below is an example of a signed binary package metadata file. Such a
+file would live in the ``build_cache`` directory of a binary mirror::
+
+  -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
+  Hash: SHA512
+
+  {
+    "spec": {
+      <concrete-spec-contents-omitted>
+    },
+
+    "buildcache_layout_version": 1,
+    "binary_cache_checksum": {
+      "hash_algorithm": "sha256",
+      "hash": "4f1e46452c35a5e61bcacca205bae1bfcd60a83a399af201a29c95b7cc3e1423"
+     },
+
+    "buildinfo": {
+      "relative_prefix":
+      "linux-ubuntu18.04-haswell/gcc-7.5.0/zlib-1.2.12-llv2ysfdxnppzjrt5ldybb5c52qbmoow",
+      "relative_rpaths": false
+    }
+  }
+
+  -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
+  iQGzBAEBCgAdFiEETZn0sLle8jIrdAPLx/P+voVcifMFAmKAGvwACgkQx/P+voVc
+  ifNoVgv/VrhA+wurVs5GB9PhmMA1m5U/AfXZb4BElDRwpT8ZcTPIv5X8xtv60eyn
+  4EOneGVbZoMThVxgev/NKARorGmhFXRqhWf+jknJZ1dicpqn/qpv34rELKUpgXU+
+  QDQ4d1P64AIdTczXe2GI9ZvhOo6+bPvK7LIsTkBbtWmopkomVxF0LcMuxAVIbA6b
+  887yBvVO0VGlqRnkDW7nXx49r3AG2+wDcoU1f8ep8QtjOcMNaPTPJ0UnjD0VQGW6
+  4ZFaGZWzdo45MY6tF3o5mqM7zJkVobpoW3iUz6J5tjz7H/nMlGgMkUwY9Kxp2PVH
+  qoj6Zip3LWplnl2OZyAY+vflPFdFh12Xpk4FG7Sxm/ux0r+l8tCAPvtw+G38a5P7
+  QEk2JBr8qMGKASmnRlJUkm1vwz0a95IF3S9YDfTAA2vz6HH3PtsNLFhtorfx8eBi
+  Wn5aPJAGEPOawEOvXGGbsH4cDEKPeN0n6cy1k92uPEmBLDVsdnur8q42jk5c2Qyx
+  j3DXty57
+  =3gvm
+  -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
+
+If a user has trusted the public key associated with the private key
+used to sign the above spec file, the signature can be verified with
+gpg, as follows::
+
+  $ gpg –verify linux-ubuntu18.04-haswell-gcc-7.5.0-zlib-1.2.12-llv2ysfdxnppzjrt5ldybb5c52qbmoow.spec.json.sig
+
+The metadata (regardless whether signed or unsigned) contains the checksum
+of the ``.spack`` file containing the actual installation. The checksum should
+be compared to a checksum computed locally on the ``.spack`` file to ensure the
+contents have not changed since the binary spec plus metadata were signed. The
+``.spack`` files are actually tarballs containing the compressed archive of the
+install tree.  These files, along with the metadata files, live within the
+``build_cache`` directory of the mirror, and together are organized as follows::
+
+  build_cache/
+    # unsigned metadata (for indexing, contains sha256 of .spack file)
+    <arch>-<compiler>-<name>-<ver>-24zvipcqgg2wyjpvdq2ajy5jnm564hen.spec.json
+    # clearsigned metadata (same as above, but signed)
+    <arch>-<compiler>-<name>-<ver>-24zvipcqgg2wyjpvdq2ajy5jnm564hen.spec.json.sig
+    <arch>/
+      <compiler>/
+        <name>-<ver>/
+          # tar.gz-compressed prefix (may support more compression formats later)
+          <arch>-<compiler>-<name>-<ver>-24zvipcqgg2wyjpvdq2ajy5jnm564hen.spack
+
+Uncompressing and extracting the ``.spack`` file results in the install tree.
+This is in contrast to previous versions of spack, where the ``.spack`` file
+contained a (duplicated) metadata file, a signature file and a nested tarball
+containing the install tree.
+
+.. _internal_implementation:
+
+-----------------------
+Internal Implementation
+-----------------------
+
+The technical implementation of the pipeline signing process includes components
+defined in Amazon Web Services, the Kubernetes cluster, at affilicated
+institutions, and the GitLab/GitLab Runner deployment. We present the techincal
+implementation in two interdependent sections. The first addresses how secrets
+are managed through the lifecycle of a develop or release pipeline. The second
+section describes how Gitlab Runner and pipelines are configured and managed to
+support secure automated signing.
+
+Secrets Management
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+As stated above the Root Private Keys (intermediate and reputational)
+are stripped from the GPG keys and stored outside Spack’s
+infrastructure.
+
+.. warning::
+  **TODO**
+    - Explanation here about where and how access is handled for these keys.
+    - Both Root private keys are protected with strong passwords
+    - Who has access to these and how?
+
+**Intermediate CI Key**
+-----------------------
+
+Multiple intermediate CI signing keys exist, one Intermediate CI Key for jobs
+run in AWS, and one key for each affiliated institution (e.g. Univerity of
+Oregon). Here we describe how the Intermediate CI Key is managed in AWS:
+
+The Intermediate CI Key (including the Signing Intermediate CI Private Key is
+exported as an ASCII armored file and stored in a Kubernetes secret called
+``spack-intermediate-ci-signing-key``. For convenience sake, this same secret
+contains an ASCII-armored export of just the *public* components of the
+Reputational Key. This secret also contains the *public* components of each of
+the affiliated institutions' Intermediate CI Key. These are potentially needed
+to verify dependent packages which may have been found in the public mirror or
+built by a protected job running on an affiliated institution's infrastrcuture
+in an earlier stage of the pipeline.
+
+Procedurally the ``spack-intermediate-ci-signing-key`` secret is used in
+the following way:
+
+1. A ``large-arm-prot`` or ``large-x86-prot`` protected runner picks up
+   a job tagged ``protected`` from a protected GitLab branch. (See
+   `Protected Runners and Reserved Tags <#_8bawjmgykv0b>`__).
+2. Based on its configuration, the runner creates a job Pod in the
+   pipeline namespace and mounts the spack-intermediate-ci-signing-key
+   Kubernetes secret into the build container
+3. The Intermediate CI Key, affiliated institutions' public key and the
+   Reputational Public Key are imported into a keyring by the ``spack gpg …``
+   sub-command. This is initiated by the job’s build script which is created by
+   the generate job at the beginning of the pipeline.
+4. Assuming the package has dependencies those specs are verified using
+   the keyring.
+5. The package is built and the spec.json is generated
+6. The spec.json is signed by the keyring and uploaded to the mirror’s
+   build cache.
+
+**Reputational Key**
+--------------------
+
+Because of the increased impact to end users in the case of a private
+key breach, the Reputational Key is managed separately from the
+Intermediate CI Keys and has additional controls. First, the Reputational
+Key was generated outside of Spack’s infrastructure and has been signed
+by the core development team. The Reputational Key (along with the
+Signing Reputational Private Key) was then ASCII armor exported to a
+file. Unlike the Intermediate CI Key this exported file is not stored as
+a base64 encoded secret in Kubernetes. Instead\ *the key file
+itself*\ is encrypted and stored in Kubernetes as the
+``spack-signing-key-encrypted`` secret in the pipeline namespace.
+
+The encryption of the exported Reputational Key (including the Signing
+Reputational Private Key) is handled by `AWS Key Management Store (KMS) data
+keys
+<https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/concepts.html#data-keys>`__.
+The private key material is decrypted and imported at the time of signing into a
+memory mounted temporary directory holding the keychain. The signing job uses
+the `AWS Encryption SDK
+<https://docs.aws.amazon.com/encryption-sdk/latest/developer-guide/crypto-cli.html>`__
+(i.e. ``aws-encryption-cli``) to decrypt the Reputational Key. Permission to
+decrypt the key is granted to the job Pod through a Kubernetes service account
+specifically used for this, and only this, function. Finally, for convenience
+sake, this same secret contains an ASCII-armored export of the *public*
+components of the Intermediate CI Keys and the Reputational Key. This allows the
+signing script to verify that packages were built by the pipeline (both on AWS
+or at affiliated institutions), or signed previously as a part of a different
+pipeline. This is is done *before* importing decrypting and importing the
+Signing Reputational Private Key material and officially signing the packages.
+
+Procedurally the ``spack-singing-key-encrypted`` secret is used in the
+following way:
+
+1.  The ``spack-package-signing-gitlab-runner`` protected runner picks
+    up a job tagged ``notary`` from a protected GitLab branch (See
+    `Protected Runners and Reserved Tags <#_8bawjmgykv0b>`__).
+2.  Based on its configuration, the runner creates a job pod in the
+    pipeline namespace. The job is run in a stripped down purpose-built
+    image ``ghcr.io/spack/notary:latest`` Docker image. The runner is
+    configured to only allow running jobs with this image.
+3.  The runner also mounts the ``spack-signing-key-encrypted`` secret to
+    a path on disk. Note that this becomes several files on disk, the
+    public components of the Intermediate CI Keys, the public components
+    of the Reputational CI, and an AWS KMS encrypted file containing the
+    Singing Reputational Private Key.
+4.  In addition to the secret, the runner creates a tmpfs memory mounted
+    directory where the GnuPG keyring will be created to verify, and
+    then resign the package specs.
+5.  The job script syncs all spec.json.sig files from the build cache to
+    a working directory in the job’s execution environment.
+6.  The job script then runs the ``sign.sh`` script built into the
+    notary Docker image.
+7.  The ``sign.sh`` script imports the public components of the
+    Reputational and Intermediate CI Keys and uses them to verify good
+    signatures on the spec.json.sig files. If any signed spec does not
+    verify the job immediately fails.
+8.  Assuming all specs are verified, the ``sign.sh`` script then unpacks
+    the spec json data from the signed file in preparation for being
+    re-signed with the Reputational Key.
+9.  The private components of the Reputational Key are decrypted to
+    standard out using ``aws-encryption-cli`` directly into a ``gpg
+    –import …`` statement which imports the key into the
+    keyring mounted in-memory.
+10. The private key is then used to sign each of the json specs and the
+    keyring is removed from disk.
+11. The re-signed json specs are resynced to the AWS S3 Mirror and the
+    public signing of the packages for the develop or release pipeline
+    that created them is complete.
+
+Non service-account access to the private components of the Reputational
+Key that are managed through access to the symmetric secret in KMS used
+to encrypt the data key (which in turn is used to encrypt the GnuPG key
+- See:\ `Encryption SDK
+Documentation <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/encryption-sdk/latest/developer-guide/crypto-cli-examples.html#cli-example-encrypt-file>`__).
+A small trusted subset of the core development team are the only
+individuals with access to this symmetric key.
+
+.. _protected_runners:
+
+Protected Runners and Reserved Tags
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Spack has a large number of Gitlab Runners operating in its build farm.
+These include runners deployed in the AWS Kubernetes cluster as well as
+runners deployed at affiliated institutions. The majority of runners are
+shared runners that operate across projects in gitlab.spack.io. These
+runners pick up jobs primarily from the spack/spack project and execute
+them in PR pipelines.
+
+A small number of runners operating on AWS and at affiliated institutions are
+registered as specific *protected* runners on the spack/spack project. In
+addition to protected runners there are protected branches on the spack/spack
+project. These are the ``develop`` branch, any release branch (i.e. managed with
+the ``releases/v*`` wildcard) and any tag branch (managed with the ``v*``
+wildcard) Finally Spack’s pipeline generation code reserves certain tags to make
+sure jobs are routed to the correct runners, these tags are ``public``,
+``protected``, and ``notary``. Understanding how all this works together to
+protect secrets and provide integrity assurances can be a little confusing so
+lets break these down:
+
+-  **Protected Branches**- Protected branches in Spack prevent anyone
+   other than Maintainers in GitLab from pushing code. In the case of
+   Spack the only Maintainer level entity pushing code to protected
+   branches is Spack bot. Protecting branches also marks them in such a
+   way that Protected Runners will only run jobs from those branches
+- **Protected Runners**- Protected Runners only run jobs from protected
+   branches. Because protected runners have access to secrets, it's critical
+   that they not run Jobs from untrusted code (i.e. PR branches). If they did it
+   would be possible for a PR branch to tag a job in such a way that a protected
+   runner executed that job and mounted secrets into a code execution
+   environment that had not been reviewed by Spack maintainers. Note however
+   that in the absence of tagging used to route jobs, public runners *could* run
+   jobs from protected branches. No secrets would be at risk of being breached
+   because non-protected runners do not have access to those secrets; lack of
+   secrets would, however, cause the jobs to fail.
+- **Reserved Tags**- To mitigate the issue of public runners picking up
+   protected jobs Spack uses a small set of “reserved” job tags (Note that these
+   are *job* tags not git tags). These tags are “public”, “private”, and
+   “notary.” The majority of jobs executed in Spack’s GitLab instance are
+   executed via a ``generate`` job. The generate job code systematically ensures
+   that no user defined configuration sets these tags. Instead, the ``generate``
+   job sets these tags based on rules related to the branch where this pipeline
+   originated. If the job is a part of a pipeline on a PR branch it sets the
+   ``public`` tag. If the job is part of a pipeline on a protected branch it
+   sets the ``protected`` tag. Finally if the job is the package signing job and
+   it is running on a pipeline that is part of a protected branch then it sets
+   the ``notary`` tag.
+
+Protected Runners are configured to only run jobs from protected branches. Only
+jobs running in pipelines on protected branches are tagged with ``protected`` or
+``notary`` tags. This tightly couples jobs on protected branches to protected
+runners that provide access to the secrets required to sign the built packages.
+The secrets are can **only** be accessed via:
+
+1. Runners under direct control of the core development team.
+2. Runners under direct control of trusted maintainers at affiliated institutions.
+3. By code running the automated pipeline that has been reviewed by the
+   Spack maintainers and judged to be appropriate.
+
+Other attempts (either through malicious intent or incompetence) can at
+worst grab jobs intended for protected runners which will cause those
+jobs to fail alerting both Spack maintainers and the core development
+team.
+
+.. [#f1]
+   The Reputational Key has also cross signed core development team
+   keys.

lib/spack/external/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 * Homepage: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/archspec
 * Usage: Labeling, comparison and detection of microarchitectures
-* Version: 0.2.1 (commit 4b1f21802a23b536bbcce73d3c631a566b20e8bd)
+* Version: 0.2.1 (commit 9e1117bd8a2f0581bced161f2a2e8d6294d0300b)
 
 astunparse
 ----------------

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures.json

@@ -2803,7 +2803,7 @@
                   "flags" : "-march=armv8.2-a+fp16+dotprod+crypto -mtune=cortex-a72"
               },
               {
-                  "versions": "10.2",
+                  "versions": "10.2:10.2.99",
                   "flags" : "-mcpu=zeus"
               },
               {

lib/spack/spack/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 #: PEP440 canonical <major>.<minor>.<micro>.<devN> string
-__version__ = "0.20.0.dev0"
+__version__ = "0.21.0.dev0"
 spack_version = __version__
 
 

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -760,13 +760,12 @@ def hashes_to_prefixes(spec):
     }
 
 
-def get_buildinfo_dict(spec, rel=False):
+def get_buildinfo_dict(spec):
     """Create metadata for a tarball"""
     manifest = get_buildfile_manifest(spec)
 
     return {
         "sbang_install_path": spack.hooks.sbang.sbang_install_path(),
-        "relative_rpaths": rel,
         "buildpath": spack.store.layout.root,
         "spackprefix": spack.paths.prefix,
         "relative_prefix": os.path.relpath(spec.prefix, spack.store.layout.root),
@@ -1209,9 +1208,6 @@ class PushOptions(NamedTuple):
     #: Overwrite existing tarball/metadata files in buildcache
     force: bool = False
 
-    #: Whether to use relative RPATHs
-    relative: bool = False
-
     #: Allow absolute paths to package prefixes when creating a tarball
     allow_root: bool = False
 
@@ -1281,41 +1277,17 @@ def _build_tarball_in_stage_dir(spec: Spec, out_url: str, stage_dir: str, option
         raise NoOverwriteException(url_util.format(remote_specfile_path))
 
     pkg_dir = os.path.basename(spec.prefix.rstrip(os.path.sep))
-    workdir = os.path.join(stage_dir, pkg_dir)
 
-    # TODO: We generally don't want to mutate any files, but when using relative
-    # mode, Spack unfortunately *does* mutate rpaths and links ahead of time.
-    # For now, we only make a full copy of the spec prefix when in relative mode.
-
-    if options.relative:
-        # tarfile is used because it preserves hardlink etc best.
-        binaries_dir = workdir
-        temp_tarfile_name = tarball_name(spec, ".tar")
-        temp_tarfile_path = os.path.join(tarfile_dir, temp_tarfile_name)
-        with closing(tarfile.open(temp_tarfile_path, "w")) as tar:
-            tar.add(name="%s" % spec.prefix, arcname=".")
-        with closing(tarfile.open(temp_tarfile_path, "r")) as tar:
-            tar.extractall(workdir)
-        os.remove(temp_tarfile_path)
-    else:
-        binaries_dir = spec.prefix
+    binaries_dir = spec.prefix
 
     # create info for later relocation and create tar
-    buildinfo = get_buildinfo_dict(spec, options.relative)
+    buildinfo = get_buildinfo_dict(spec)
 
-    # optionally make the paths in the binaries relative to each other
-    # in the spack install tree before creating tarball
-    if options.relative:
-        make_package_relative(workdir, spec, buildinfo, options.allow_root)
-    elif not options.allow_root:
+    if not options.allow_root:
         ensure_package_relocatable(buildinfo, binaries_dir)
 
     _do_create_tarball(tarfile_path, binaries_dir, pkg_dir, buildinfo)
 
-    # remove copy of install directory
-    if options.relative:
-        shutil.rmtree(workdir)
-
     # get the sha256 checksum of the tarball
     checksum = checksum_tarball(tarfile_path)
 
@@ -1336,7 +1308,6 @@ def _build_tarball_in_stage_dir(spec: Spec, out_url: str, stage_dir: str, option
     # This will be used to determine is the directory layout has changed.
     buildinfo = {}
     buildinfo["relative_prefix"] = os.path.relpath(spec.prefix, spack.store.layout.root)
-    buildinfo["relative_rpaths"] = options.relative
     spec_dict["buildinfo"] = buildinfo
 
     with open(specfile_path, "w") as outfile:
@@ -1596,35 +1567,6 @@ def download_tarball(spec, unsigned=False, mirrors_for_spec=None):
     return None
 
 
-def make_package_relative(workdir, spec, buildinfo, allow_root):
-    """
-    Change paths in binaries to relative paths. Change absolute symlinks
-    to relative symlinks.
-    """
-    prefix = spec.prefix
-    old_layout_root = buildinfo["buildpath"]
-    orig_path_names = list()
-    cur_path_names = list()
-    for filename in buildinfo["relocate_binaries"]:
-        orig_path_names.append(os.path.join(prefix, filename))
-        cur_path_names.append(os.path.join(workdir, filename))
-
-    platform = spack.platforms.by_name(spec.platform)
-    if "macho" in platform.binary_formats:
-        relocate.make_macho_binaries_relative(cur_path_names, orig_path_names, old_layout_root)
-
-    if "elf" in platform.binary_formats:
-        relocate.make_elf_binaries_relative(cur_path_names, orig_path_names, old_layout_root)
-
-    allow_root or relocate.ensure_binaries_are_relocatable(cur_path_names)
-    orig_path_names = list()
-    cur_path_names = list()
-    for linkname in buildinfo.get("relocate_links", []):
-        orig_path_names.append(os.path.join(prefix, linkname))
-        cur_path_names.append(os.path.join(workdir, linkname))
-    relocate.make_link_relative(cur_path_names, orig_path_names)
-
-
 def ensure_package_relocatable(buildinfo, binaries_dir):
     """Check if package binaries are relocatable."""
     binaries = [os.path.join(binaries_dir, f) for f in buildinfo["relocate_binaries"]]

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/environment.py

@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ def black_root_spec() -> str:
 
 def flake8_root_spec() -> str:
     """Return the root spec used to bootstrap flake8"""
-    return _root_spec("py-flake8")
+    return _root_spec("py-flake8@3.8.2:")
 
 
 def pytest_root_spec() -> str:
     """Return the root spec used to bootstrap flake8"""
-    return _root_spec("py-pytest")
+    return _root_spec("py-pytest@6.2.4:")
 
 
 def ensure_environment_dependencies() -> None:

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -589,7 +589,6 @@ def set_module_variables_for_package(pkg):
 
     # TODO: make these build deps that can be installed if not found.
     m.make = MakeExecutable("make", jobs)
-    m.gmake = MakeExecutable("gmake", jobs)
     m.ninja = MakeExecutable("ninja", jobs, supports_jobserver=False)
     # TODO: johnwparent: add package or builder support to define these build tools
     # for now there is no entrypoint for builders to define these on their
@@ -1216,6 +1215,9 @@ def child_fun():
     return child_result
 
 
+CONTEXT_BASES = (spack.package_base.PackageBase, spack.build_systems._checks.BaseBuilder)
+
+
 def get_package_context(traceback, context=3):
     """Return some context for an error message when the build fails.
 
@@ -1244,32 +1246,38 @@ def make_stack(tb, stack=None):
 
     stack = make_stack(traceback)
 
+    basenames = tuple(base.__name__ for base in CONTEXT_BASES)
     for tb in stack:
         frame = tb.tb_frame
         if "self" in frame.f_locals:
-            # Find the first proper subclass of PackageBase.
+            # Find the first proper subclass of the PackageBase or BaseBuilder, but
+            # don't provide context if the code is actually in the base classes.
             obj = frame.f_locals["self"]
-            if isinstance(obj, spack.package_base.PackageBase):
+            func = getattr(obj, tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_name, "")
+            if func:
+                typename, *_ = func.__qualname__.partition(".")
+
+            if isinstance(obj, CONTEXT_BASES) and typename not in basenames:
                 break
     else:
         return None
 
     # We found obj, the Package implementation we care about.
     # Point out the location in the install method where we failed.
-    lines = [
-        "{0}:{1:d}, in {2}:".format(
-            inspect.getfile(frame.f_code),
-            frame.f_lineno - 1,  # subtract 1 because f_lineno is 0-indexed
-            frame.f_code.co_name,
-        )
-    ]
+    filename = inspect.getfile(frame.f_code)
+    lineno = frame.f_lineno
+    if os.path.basename(filename) == "package.py":
+        # subtract 1 because we inject a magic import at the top of package files.
+        # TODO: get rid of the magic import.
+        lineno -= 1
+
+    lines = ["{0}:{1:d}, in {2}:".format(filename, lineno, frame.f_code.co_name)]
 
     # Build a message showing context in the install method.
     sourcelines, start = inspect.getsourcelines(frame)
 
     # Calculate lineno of the error relative to the start of the function.
-    # Subtract 1 because f_lineno is 0-indexed.
-    fun_lineno = frame.f_lineno - start - 1
+    fun_lineno = lineno - start
     start_ctx = max(0, fun_lineno - context)
     sourcelines = sourcelines[start_ctx : fun_lineno + context + 1]
 
@@ -1365,7 +1373,7 @@ def long_message(self):
             test_log = join_path(os.path.dirname(self.log_name), spack_install_test_log)
             if os.path.isfile(test_log):
                 out.write("\nSee test log for details:\n")
-                out.write("  {0}n".format(test_log))
+                out.write("  {0}\n".format(test_log))
 
         return out.getvalue()
 

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cached_cmake.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+import collections.abc
 import os
 from typing import Tuple
 
@@ -13,21 +14,24 @@
 from .cmake import CMakeBuilder, CMakePackage
 
 
-def cmake_cache_path(name, value, comment=""):
+def cmake_cache_path(name, value, comment="", force=False):
     """Generate a string for a cmake cache variable"""
-    return 'set({0} "{1}" CACHE PATH "{2}")\n'.format(name, value, comment)
+    force_str = " FORCE" if force else ""
+    return 'set({0} "{1}" CACHE PATH "{2}"{3})\n'.format(name, value, comment, force_str)
 
 
-def cmake_cache_string(name, value, comment=""):
+def cmake_cache_string(name, value, comment="", force=False):
     """Generate a string for a cmake cache variable"""
-    return 'set({0} "{1}" CACHE STRING "{2}")\n'.format(name, value, comment)
+    force_str = " FORCE" if force else ""
+    return 'set({0} "{1}" CACHE STRING "{2}"{3})\n'.format(name, value, comment, force_str)
 
 
-def cmake_cache_option(name, boolean_value, comment=""):
+def cmake_cache_option(name, boolean_value, comment="", force=False):
     """Generate a string for a cmake configuration option"""
 
     value = "ON" if boolean_value else "OFF"
-    return 'set({0} {1} CACHE BOOL "{2}")\n'.format(name, value, comment)
+    force_str = " FORCE" if force else ""
+    return 'set({0} {1} CACHE BOOL "{2}"{3})\n'.format(name, value, comment, force_str)
 
 
 class CachedCMakeBuilder(CMakeBuilder):
@@ -63,6 +67,34 @@ def cache_name(self):
     def cache_path(self):
         return os.path.join(self.pkg.stage.source_path, self.cache_name)
 
+    # Implement a version of the define_from_variant for Cached packages
+    def define_cmake_cache_from_variant(self, cmake_var, variant=None, comment=""):
+        """Return a Cached CMake field from the given variant's value.
+        See define_from_variant in lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py package
+        """
+
+        if variant is None:
+            variant = cmake_var.lower()
+
+        if variant not in self.pkg.variants:
+            raise KeyError('"{0}" is not a variant of "{1}"'.format(variant, self.pkg.name))
+
+        if variant not in self.pkg.spec.variants:
+            return ""
+
+        value = self.pkg.spec.variants[variant].value
+        field = None
+        if isinstance(value, bool):
+            field = cmake_cache_option(cmake_var, value, comment)
+        else:
+            if isinstance(value, collections.abc.Sequence) and not isinstance(value, str):
+                value = ";".join(str(v) for v in value)
+            else:
+                value = str(value)
+            field = cmake_cache_string(cmake_var, value, comment)
+
+        return field
+
     def initconfig_compiler_entries(self):
         # This will tell cmake to use the Spack compiler wrappers when run
         # through Spack, but use the underlying compiler when run outside of
@@ -130,6 +162,17 @@ def initconfig_compiler_entries(self):
                 libs_string = libs_format_string.format(lang)
                 entries.append(cmake_cache_string(libs_string, libs_flags))
 
+        # Set the generator in the cached config
+        if self.spec.satisfies("generator=make"):
+            entries.append(cmake_cache_string("CMAKE_GENERATOR", "Unix Makefiles"))
+        if self.spec.satisfies("generator=ninja"):
+            entries.append(cmake_cache_string("CMAKE_GENERATOR", "Ninja"))
+            entries.append(
+                cmake_cache_string(
+                    "CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM", "{0}/ninja".format(spec["ninja"].prefix.bin)
+                )
+            )
+
         return entries
 
     def initconfig_mpi_entries(self):
@@ -195,26 +238,57 @@ def initconfig_hardware_entries(self):
             "#------------------{0}\n".format("-" * 60),
         ]
 
+        # Provide standard CMake arguments for dependent CachedCMakePackages
         if spec.satisfies("^cuda"):
             entries.append("#------------------{0}".format("-" * 30))
             entries.append("# Cuda")
             entries.append("#------------------{0}\n".format("-" * 30))
 
             cudatoolkitdir = spec["cuda"].prefix
-            entries.append(cmake_cache_path("CUDA_TOOLKIT_ROOT_DIR", cudatoolkitdir))
-            cudacompiler = "${CUDA_TOOLKIT_ROOT_DIR}/bin/nvcc"
-            entries.append(cmake_cache_path("CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER", cudacompiler))
+            entries.append(cmake_cache_path("CUDAToolkit_ROOT", cudatoolkitdir))
+            entries.append(cmake_cache_path("CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER", "${CUDAToolkit_ROOT}/bin/nvcc"))
             entries.append(cmake_cache_path("CMAKE_CUDA_HOST_COMPILER", "${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER}"))
+            # Include the deprecated CUDA_TOOLKIT_ROOT_DIR for supporting BLT packages
+            entries.append(cmake_cache_path("CUDA_TOOLKIT_ROOT_DIR", cudatoolkitdir))
+
+            archs = spec.variants["cuda_arch"].value
+            if archs[0] != "none":
+                arch_str = ";".join(archs)
+                entries.append(
+                    cmake_cache_string("CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES", "{0}".format(arch_str))
+                )
+
+        if "+rocm" in spec:
+            entries.append("#------------------{0}".format("-" * 30))
+            entries.append("# ROCm")
+            entries.append("#------------------{0}\n".format("-" * 30))
+
+            # Explicitly setting HIP_ROOT_DIR may be a patch that is no longer necessary
+            entries.append(cmake_cache_path("HIP_ROOT_DIR", "{0}".format(spec["hip"].prefix)))
+            entries.append(
+                cmake_cache_path("HIP_CXX_COMPILER", "{0}".format(self.spec["hip"].hipcc))
+            )
+            archs = self.spec.variants["amdgpu_target"].value
+            if archs[0] != "none":
+                arch_str = ";".join(archs)
+                entries.append(
+                    cmake_cache_string("CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES", "{0}".format(arch_str))
+                )
+                entries.append(cmake_cache_string("AMDGPU_TARGETS", "{0}".format(arch_str)))
+                entries.append(cmake_cache_string("GPU_TARGETS", "{0}".format(arch_str)))
 
         return entries
 
     def std_initconfig_entries(self):
+        cmake_prefix_path_env = os.environ["CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH"]
+        cmake_prefix_path = cmake_prefix_path_env.replace(os.pathsep, ";")
         return [
             "#------------------{0}".format("-" * 60),
             "# !!!! This is a generated file, edit at own risk !!!!",
             "#------------------{0}".format("-" * 60),
             "# CMake executable path: {0}".format(self.pkg.spec["cmake"].command.path),
             "#------------------{0}\n".format("-" * 60),
+            cmake_cache_path("CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH", cmake_prefix_path),
         ]
 
     def initconfig_package_entries(self):

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import collections.abc
 import inspect
 import os
+import pathlib
 import platform
 import re
 import sys
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@
 import spack.build_environment
 import spack.builder
 import spack.package_base
-import spack.util.path
 from spack.directives import build_system, conflicts, depends_on, variant
 from spack.multimethod import when
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def std_args(pkg, generator=None):
         args = [
             "-G",
             generator,
-            define("CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX", pkg.prefix),
+            define("CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX", pathlib.Path(pkg.prefix).as_posix()),
             define("CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE", build_type),
             define("BUILD_TESTING", pkg.run_tests),
         ]

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/python.py

@@ -180,6 +180,51 @@ def test(self):
                 work_dir="spack-test",
             )
 
+    def update_external_dependencies(self, extendee_spec=None):
+        """
+        Ensure all external python packages have a python dependency
+
+        If another package in the DAG depends on python, we use that
+        python for the dependency of the external. If not, we assume
+        that the external PythonPackage is installed into the same
+        directory as the python it depends on.
+        """
+        # TODO: Include this in the solve, rather than instantiating post-concretization
+        if "python" not in self.spec:
+            if extendee_spec:
+                python = extendee_spec
+            elif "python" in self.spec.root:
+                python = self.spec.root["python"]
+            else:
+                python = self.get_external_python_for_prefix()
+                if not python.concrete:
+                    repo = spack.repo.path.repo_for_pkg(python)
+                    python.namespace = repo.namespace
+
+                    # Ensure architecture information is present
+                    if not python.architecture:
+                        host_platform = spack.platforms.host()
+                        host_os = host_platform.operating_system("default_os")
+                        host_target = host_platform.target("default_target")
+                        python.architecture = spack.spec.ArchSpec(
+                            (str(host_platform), str(host_os), str(host_target))
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        if not python.architecture.platform:
+                            python.architecture.platform = spack.platforms.host()
+                        if not python.architecture.os:
+                            python.architecture.os = "default_os"
+                        if not python.architecture.target:
+                            python.architecture.target = archspec.cpu.host().family.name
+
+                    # Ensure compiler information is present
+                    if not python.compiler:
+                        python.compiler = self.spec.compiler
+
+                    python.external_path = self.spec.external_path
+                    python._mark_concrete()
+            self.spec.add_dependency_edge(python, deptypes=("build", "link", "run"), virtuals=())
+
 
 class PythonPackage(PythonExtension):
     """Specialized class for packages that are built using pip."""
@@ -225,51 +270,6 @@ def list_url(cls):
             name = cls.pypi.split("/")[0]
             return "https://pypi.org/simple/" + name + "/"
 
-    def update_external_dependencies(self, extendee_spec=None):
-        """
-        Ensure all external python packages have a python dependency
-
-        If another package in the DAG depends on python, we use that
-        python for the dependency of the external. If not, we assume
-        that the external PythonPackage is installed into the same
-        directory as the python it depends on.
-        """
-        # TODO: Include this in the solve, rather than instantiating post-concretization
-        if "python" not in self.spec:
-            if extendee_spec:
-                python = extendee_spec
-            elif "python" in self.spec.root:
-                python = self.spec.root["python"]
-            else:
-                python = self.get_external_python_for_prefix()
-                if not python.concrete:
-                    repo = spack.repo.path.repo_for_pkg(python)
-                    python.namespace = repo.namespace
-
-                    # Ensure architecture information is present
-                    if not python.architecture:
-                        host_platform = spack.platforms.host()
-                        host_os = host_platform.operating_system("default_os")
-                        host_target = host_platform.target("default_target")
-                        python.architecture = spack.spec.ArchSpec(
-                            (str(host_platform), str(host_os), str(host_target))
-                        )
-                    else:
-                        if not python.architecture.platform:
-                            python.architecture.platform = spack.platforms.host()
-                        if not python.architecture.os:
-                            python.architecture.os = "default_os"
-                        if not python.architecture.target:
-                            python.architecture.target = archspec.cpu.host().family.name
-
-                    # Ensure compiler information is present
-                    if not python.compiler:
-                        python.compiler = self.spec.compiler
-
-                    python.external_path = self.spec.external_path
-                    python._mark_concrete()
-            self.spec.add_dependency_edge(python, deptypes=("build", "link", "run"))
-
     def get_external_python_for_prefix(self):
         """
         For an external package that extends python, find the most likely spec for the python

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/r.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import llnl.util.lang as lang
 
-from spack.directives import extends, maintainers
+from spack.directives import extends
 
 from .generic import GenericBuilder, Package
 
@@ -71,8 +71,6 @@ class RPackage(Package):
 
     GenericBuilder = RBuilder
 
-    maintainers("glennpj")
-
     #: This attribute is used in UI queries that need to know the build
     #: system base class
     build_system_class = "RPackage"

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/sip.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from llnl.util.filesystem import find, join_path, working_dir
 
 import spack.builder
+import spack.install_test
 import spack.package_base
 from spack.directives import build_system, depends_on, extends
 from spack.multimethod import when
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ class SIPPackage(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
     #: Name of private sip module to install alongside package
     sip_module = "sip"
 
-    #: Callback names for install-time test
-    install_time_test_callbacks = ["test"]
+    #: Callback names for install-time testing
+    install_time_test_callbacks = ["test_imports"]
     #: Legacy buildsystem attribute used to deserialize and install old specs
     legacy_buildsystem = "sip"
 
@@ -87,18 +88,20 @@ def python(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """The python ``Executable``."""
         inspect.getmodule(self).python(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    def test(self):
+    def test_imports(self):
         """Attempts to import modules of the installed package."""
 
         # Make sure we are importing the installed modules,
         # not the ones in the source directory
+        python = inspect.getmodule(self).python
         for module in self.import_modules:
-            self.run_test(
-                inspect.getmodule(self).python.path,
-                ["-c", "import {0}".format(module)],
+            with spack.install_test.test_part(
+                self,
+                "test_imports_{0}".format(module),
                 purpose="checking import of {0}".format(module),
                 work_dir="spack-test",
-            )
+            ):
+                python("-c", "import {0}".format(module))
 
 
 @spack.builder.builder("sip")

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -751,11 +751,12 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
             env.concretize()
             env.write()
 
-    yaml_root = ev.config_dict(env.manifest)
+    yaml_root = env.manifest[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
 
     # Get the joined "ci" config with all of the current scopes resolved
     ci_config = cfg.get("ci")
 
+    config_deprecated = False
     if not ci_config:
         tty.warn("Environment does not have `ci` a configuration")
         gitlabci_config = yaml_root.get("gitlab-ci")
@@ -768,6 +769,7 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
         )
         translate_deprecated_config(gitlabci_config)
         ci_config = gitlabci_config
+        config_deprecated = True
 
     # Default target is gitlab...and only target is gitlab
     if not ci_config.get("target", "gitlab") == "gitlab":
@@ -831,6 +833,14 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
     # Values: "spack_pull_request", "spack_protected_branch", or not set
     spack_pipeline_type = os.environ.get("SPACK_PIPELINE_TYPE", None)
 
+    copy_only_pipeline = spack_pipeline_type == "spack_copy_only"
+    if copy_only_pipeline and config_deprecated:
+        tty.warn(
+            "SPACK_PIPELINE_TYPE=spack_copy_only is not supported when using\n",
+            "deprecated ci configuration, a no-op pipeline will be generated\n",
+            "instead.",
+        )
+
     if "mirrors" not in yaml_root or len(yaml_root["mirrors"].values()) < 1:
         tty.die("spack ci generate requires an env containing a mirror")
 
@@ -936,7 +946,7 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
         # Add config scopes to environment
         env_includes = env_yaml_root["spack"].get("include", [])
         cli_scopes = [
-            os.path.abspath(s.path)
+            os.path.relpath(s.path, concrete_env_dir)
             for s in cfg.scopes().values()
             if type(s) == cfg.ImmutableConfigScope
             and s.path not in env_includes
@@ -1085,7 +1095,7 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
                     raise AttributeError
 
                 def main_script_replacements(cmd):
-                    return cmd.replace("{env_dir}", concrete_env_dir)
+                    return cmd.replace("{env_dir}", rel_concrete_env_dir)
 
                 job_object["script"] = _unpack_script(
                     job_object["script"], op=main_script_replacements
@@ -1207,7 +1217,7 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
                             ).format(c_spec, release_spec)
                             tty.debug(debug_msg)
 
-                if prune_dag and not rebuild_spec and spack_pipeline_type != "spack_copy_only":
+                if prune_dag and not rebuild_spec and not copy_only_pipeline:
                     tty.debug(
                         "Pruning {0}/{1}, does not need rebuild.".format(
                             release_spec.name, release_spec.dag_hash()
@@ -1298,7 +1308,7 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
                     max_length_needs = length_needs
                     max_needs_job = job_name
 
-                if spack_pipeline_type != "spack_copy_only":
+                if not copy_only_pipeline:
                     output_object[job_name] = job_object
                     job_id += 1
 
@@ -1330,7 +1340,7 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
         "when": ["runner_system_failure", "stuck_or_timeout_failure", "script_failure"],
     }
 
-    if spack_pipeline_type == "spack_copy_only":
+    if copy_only_pipeline and not config_deprecated:
         stage_names.append("copy")
         sync_job = copy.deepcopy(spack_ci_ir["jobs"]["copy"]["attributes"])
         sync_job["stage"] = "copy"
@@ -1474,12 +1484,18 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
             sorted_output = cinw.needs_to_dependencies(sorted_output)
     else:
         # No jobs were generated
-        tty.debug("No specs to rebuild, generating no-op job")
         noop_job = spack_ci_ir["jobs"]["noop"]["attributes"]
-
         noop_job["retry"] = service_job_retries
 
-        sorted_output = {"no-specs-to-rebuild": noop_job}
+        if copy_only_pipeline and config_deprecated:
+            tty.debug("Generating no-op job as copy-only is unsupported here.")
+            noop_job["script"] = [
+                'echo "copy-only pipelines are not supported with deprecated ci configs"'
+            ]
+            sorted_output = {"unsupported-copy": noop_job}
+        else:
+            tty.debug("No specs to rebuild, generating no-op job")
+            sorted_output = {"no-specs-to-rebuild": noop_job}
 
     if known_broken_specs_encountered:
         tty.error("This pipeline generated hashes known to be broken on develop:")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/__init__.py

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ def iter_groups(specs, indent, all_headers):
             spack.spec.architecture_color,
             architecture if architecture else "no arch",
             spack.spec.compiler_color,
-            compiler if compiler else "no compiler",
+            f"{compiler.display_str}" if compiler else "no compiler",
         )
 
         # Sometimes we want to display specs that are not yet concretized.

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -43,13 +43,6 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     subparsers = subparser.add_subparsers(help="buildcache sub-commands")
 
     push = subparsers.add_parser("push", aliases=["create"], help=push_fn.__doc__)
-    # TODO: remove from Spack 0.21
-    push.add_argument(
-        "-r",
-        "--rel",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="make all rpaths relative before creating tarballs. (deprecated)",
-    )
     push.add_argument("-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="overwrite tarball if it exists.")
     push.add_argument(
         "-u", "--unsigned", action="store_true", help="push unsigned buildcache tarballs"
@@ -63,37 +56,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     push.add_argument(
         "-k", "--key", metavar="key", type=str, default=None, help="Key for signing."
     )
-    output = push.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
-    # TODO: remove from Spack 0.21
-    output.add_argument(
-        "-d",
-        "--directory",
-        metavar="directory",
-        dest="mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_directory,
-        help="local directory where buildcaches will be written. (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove from Spack 0.21
-    output.add_argument(
-        "-m",
-        "--mirror-name",
-        metavar="mirror-name",
-        dest="mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_name,
-        help="name of the mirror where buildcaches will be written. (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove from Spack 0.21
-    output.add_argument(
-        "--mirror-url",
-        metavar="mirror-url",
-        dest="mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_url,
-        help="URL of the mirror where buildcaches will be written. (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # Unfortunately we cannot add this to the mutually exclusive group above,
-    # because we have further positional arguments.
-    # TODO: require from Spack 0.21
-    push.add_argument("mirror", type=str, help="Mirror name, path, or URL.", nargs="?")
+    push.add_argument("mirror", type=str, help="Mirror name, path, or URL.")
     push.add_argument(
         "--update-index",
         "--rebuild-index",
@@ -127,13 +90,6 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     install.add_argument(
         "-m", "--multiple", action="store_true", help="allow all matching packages "
     )
-    # TODO: remove from Spack 0.21
-    install.add_argument(
-        "-a",
-        "--allow-root",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="allow install root string in binary files after RPATH substitution. (deprecated)",
-    )
     install.add_argument(
         "-u",
         "--unsigned",
@@ -272,71 +228,17 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         default=None,
         help="A quoted glob pattern identifying copy manifest files",
     )
-    source = sync.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    source.add_argument(
-        "--src-directory",
-        metavar="DIRECTORY",
-        dest="src_mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_directory,
-        help="Source mirror as a local file path (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    source.add_argument(
-        "--src-mirror-name",
-        metavar="MIRROR_NAME",
-        dest="src_mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_name,
-        help="Name of the source mirror (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    source.add_argument(
-        "--src-mirror-url",
-        metavar="MIRROR_URL",
-        dest="src_mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_url,
-        help="URL of the source mirror (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: only support this in 0.21
-    source.add_argument(
+    sync.add_argument(
         "src_mirror",
         metavar="source mirror",
         type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url,
         help="Source mirror name, path, or URL",
-        nargs="?",
     )
-    dest = sync.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    dest.add_argument(
-        "--dest-directory",
-        metavar="DIRECTORY",
-        dest="dest_mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_directory,
-        help="Destination mirror as a local file path (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    dest.add_argument(
-        "--dest-mirror-name",
-        metavar="MIRROR_NAME",
-        type=arguments.mirror_name,
-        dest="dest_mirror_flag",
-        help="Name of the destination mirror (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    dest.add_argument(
-        "--dest-mirror-url",
-        metavar="MIRROR_URL",
-        dest="dest_mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_url,
-        help="URL of the destination mirror (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: only support this in 0.21
-    dest.add_argument(
+    sync.add_argument(
         "dest_mirror",
         metavar="destination mirror",
         type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url,
         help="Destination mirror name, path, or URL",
-        nargs="?",
     )
     sync.set_defaults(func=sync_fn)
 
@@ -344,39 +246,8 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     update_index = subparsers.add_parser(
         "update-index", aliases=["rebuild-index"], help=update_index_fn.__doc__
     )
-    update_index_out = update_index.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    update_index_out.add_argument(
-        "-d",
-        "--directory",
-        metavar="directory",
-        dest="mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_directory,
-        help="local directory where buildcaches will be written (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    update_index_out.add_argument(
-        "-m",
-        "--mirror-name",
-        metavar="mirror-name",
-        dest="mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_name,
-        help="name of the mirror where buildcaches will be written (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: remove in Spack 0.21
-    update_index_out.add_argument(
-        "--mirror-url",
-        metavar="mirror-url",
-        dest="mirror_flag",
-        type=arguments.mirror_url,
-        help="URL of the mirror where buildcaches will be written (deprecated)",
-    )
-    # TODO: require from Spack 0.21
-    update_index_out.add_argument(
-        "mirror",
-        type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url,
-        help="Destination mirror name, path, or URL",
-        nargs="?",
+    update_index.add_argument(
+        "mirror", type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url, help="Destination mirror name, path, or URL"
     )
     update_index.add_argument(
         "-k",
@@ -436,32 +307,12 @@ def _concrete_spec_from_args(args):
 
 def push_fn(args):
     """create a binary package and push it to a mirror"""
-    if args.mirror_flag:
-        mirror = args.mirror_flag
-    elif not args.mirror:
-        raise ValueError("No mirror provided")
-    else:
-        mirror = arguments.mirror_name_or_url(args.mirror)
-
-    if args.mirror_flag:
-        tty.warn(
-            "Using flags to specify mirrors is deprecated and will be removed in "
-            "Spack 0.21, use positional arguments instead."
-        )
-
-    if args.rel:
-        tty.warn("The --rel flag is deprecated and will be removed in Spack 0.21")
-
-    # TODO: remove this in 0.21. If we have mirror_flag, the first
-    # spec is in the positional mirror arg due to argparse limitations.
-    input_specs = args.specs
-    if args.mirror_flag and args.mirror:
-        input_specs.insert(0, args.mirror)
+    mirror = arguments.mirror_name_or_url(args.mirror)
 
     url = mirror.push_url
 
     specs = bindist.specs_to_be_packaged(
-        _matching_specs(input_specs, args.spec_file),
+        _matching_specs(args.specs, args.spec_file),
         root="package" in args.things_to_install,
         dependencies="dependencies" in args.things_to_install,
     )
@@ -486,7 +337,6 @@ def push_fn(args):
                 url,
                 bindist.PushOptions(
                     force=args.force,
-                    relative=args.rel,
                     unsigned=args.unsigned,
                     allow_root=args.allow_root,
                     key=args.key,
@@ -524,9 +374,6 @@ def install_fn(args):
     if not args.specs:
         tty.die("a spec argument is required to install from a buildcache")
 
-    if args.allow_root:
-        tty.warn("The --allow-root flag is deprecated and will be removed in Spack 0.21")
-
     query = bindist.BinaryCacheQuery(all_architectures=args.otherarch)
     matches = spack.store.find(args.specs, multiple=args.multiple, query_fn=query)
     for match in matches:
@@ -710,21 +557,8 @@ def sync_fn(args):
         manifest_copy(glob.glob(args.manifest_glob))
         return 0
 
-    # If no manifest_glob, require a source and dest mirror.
-    # TODO: Simplify in Spack 0.21
-    if not (args.src_mirror_flag or args.src_mirror) or not (
-        args.dest_mirror_flag or args.dest_mirror
-    ):
-        raise ValueError("Source and destination mirror are required.")
-
-    if args.src_mirror_flag or args.dest_mirror_flag:
-        tty.warn(
-            "Using flags to specify mirrors is deprecated and will be removed in "
-            "Spack 0.21, use positional arguments instead."
-        )
-
-    src_mirror = args.src_mirror_flag if args.src_mirror_flag else args.src_mirror
-    dest_mirror = args.dest_mirror_flag if args.dest_mirror_flag else args.dest_mirror
+    src_mirror = args.src_mirror
+    dest_mirror = args.dest_mirror
 
     src_mirror_url = src_mirror.fetch_url
     dest_mirror_url = dest_mirror.push_url
@@ -803,13 +637,7 @@ def update_index(mirror: spack.mirror.Mirror, update_keys=False):
 
 def update_index_fn(args):
     """Update a buildcache index."""
-    if args.mirror_flag:
-        tty.warn(
-            "Using flags to specify mirrors is deprecated and will be removed in "
-            "Spack 0.21, use positional arguments instead."
-        )
-    mirror = args.mirror_flag if args.mirror_flag else args.mirror
-    update_index(mirror, update_keys=args.keys)
+    update_index(args.mirror, update_keys=args.keys)
 
 
 def buildcache(parser, args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/ci.py

@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ def ci_reindex(args):
     Use the active, gitlab-enabled environment to rebuild the buildcache
     index for the associated mirror."""
     env = spack.cmd.require_active_env(cmd_name="ci rebuild-index")
-    yaml_root = ev.config_dict(env.manifest)
+    yaml_root = env.manifest[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
 
     if "mirrors" not in yaml_root or len(yaml_root["mirrors"].values()) < 1:
         tty.die("spack ci rebuild-index requires an env containing a mirror")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def install_status():
         "-I",
         "--install-status",
         action="store_true",
-        default=False,
+        default=True,
         help="show install status of packages. packages can be: "
         "installed [+], missing and needed by an installed package [-], "
         "installed in and upstream instance [^], "
@@ -357,6 +357,17 @@ def install_status():
     )
 
 
+@arg
+def no_install_status():
+    return Args(
+        "--no-install-status",
+        dest="install_status",
+        action="store_false",
+        default=True,
+        help="do not show install status annotations",
+    )
+
+
 @arg
 def no_checksum():
     return Args(

lib/spack/spack/cmd/compiler.py

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--scope",
         choices=scopes,
         metavar=scopes_metavar,
-        default=spack.config.default_modify_scope("compilers"),
+        default=None,
         help="configuration scope to modify",
     )
 
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def compiler_find(args):
         config = spack.config.config
         filename = config.get_config_filename(args.scope, "compilers")
         tty.msg("Added %d new compiler%s to %s" % (n, s, filename))
-        colify(reversed(sorted(c.spec for c in new_compilers)), indent=4)
+        colify(reversed(sorted(c.spec.display_str for c in new_compilers)), indent=4)
     else:
         tty.msg("Found no new compilers")
     tty.msg("Compilers are defined in the following files:")
@@ -106,19 +106,21 @@ def compiler_find(args):
 
 
 def compiler_remove(args):
-    cspec = spack.spec.CompilerSpec(args.compiler_spec)
-    compilers = spack.compilers.compilers_for_spec(cspec, scope=args.scope)
-    if not compilers:
-        tty.die("No compilers match spec %s" % cspec)
-    elif not args.all and len(compilers) > 1:
-        tty.error("Multiple compilers match spec %s. Choose one:" % cspec)
-        colify(reversed(sorted([c.spec for c in compilers])), indent=4)
+    compiler_spec = spack.spec.CompilerSpec(args.compiler_spec)
+    candidate_compilers = spack.compilers.compilers_for_spec(compiler_spec, scope=args.scope)
+
+    if not candidate_compilers:
+        tty.die("No compilers match spec %s" % compiler_spec)
+
+    if not args.all and len(candidate_compilers) > 1:
+        tty.error(f"Multiple compilers match spec {compiler_spec}. Choose one:")
+        colify(reversed(sorted([c.spec.display_str for c in candidate_compilers])), indent=4)
         tty.msg("Or, use `spack compiler remove -a` to remove all of them.")
         sys.exit(1)
 
-    for compiler in compilers:
-        spack.compilers.remove_compiler_from_config(compiler.spec, scope=args.scope)
-        tty.msg("Removed compiler %s" % compiler.spec)
+    for current_compiler in candidate_compilers:
+        spack.compilers.remove_compiler_from_config(current_compiler.spec, scope=args.scope)
+        tty.msg(f"{current_compiler.spec.display_str} has been removed")
 
 
 def compiler_info(args):
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ def compiler_info(args):
         tty.die("No compilers match spec %s" % cspec)
     else:
         for c in compilers:
-            print(str(c.spec) + ":")
+            print(c.spec.display_str + ":")
             print("\tpaths:")
             for cpath in ["cc", "cxx", "f77", "fc"]:
                 print("\t\t%s = %s" % (cpath, getattr(c, cpath, None)))
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@ def compiler_list(args):
             os_str += "-%s" % target
         cname = "%s{%s} %s" % (spack.spec.compiler_color, name, os_str)
         tty.hline(colorize(cname), char="-")
-        colify(reversed(sorted(c.spec for c in compilers)))
+        colify(reversed(sorted(c.spec.display_str for c in compilers)))
 
 
 def compiler(parser, args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py

@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ def __call__(self, stage, url):
                 output = tar("--exclude=*/*/*", "-tf", stage.archive_file, output=str)
             except ProcessError:
                 output = ""
-        lines = output.split("\n")
+        lines = output.splitlines()
 
         # Determine the build system based on the files contained
         # in the archive.

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ def env_create(args):
         # the environment should not include a view.
         with_view = None
 
-    _env_create(
+    env = _env_create(
         args.create_env,
         init_file=args.envfile,
         dir=args.dir,
@@ -310,6 +310,9 @@ def env_create(args):
         keep_relative=args.keep_relative,
     )
 
+    # Generate views, only really useful for environments created from spack.lock files.
+    env.regenerate_views()
+
 
 def _env_create(name_or_path, *, init_file=None, dir=False, with_view=None, keep_relative=False):
     """Create a new environment, with an optional yaml description.

lib/spack/spack/cmd/external.py

@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     read_cray_manifest.add_argument(
         "--directory", default=None, help="specify a directory storing a group of manifest files"
     )
+    read_cray_manifest.add_argument(
+        "--ignore-default-dir",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="ignore the default directory of manifest files",
+    )
     read_cray_manifest.add_argument(
         "--dry-run",
         action="store_true",
@@ -177,11 +183,16 @@ def external_read_cray_manifest(args):
         manifest_directory=args.directory,
         dry_run=args.dry_run,
         fail_on_error=args.fail_on_error,
+        ignore_default_dir=args.ignore_default_dir,
     )
 
 
 def _collect_and_consume_cray_manifest_files(
-    manifest_file=None, manifest_directory=None, dry_run=False, fail_on_error=False
+    manifest_file=None,
+    manifest_directory=None,
+    dry_run=False,
+    fail_on_error=False,
+    ignore_default_dir=False,
 ):
     manifest_files = []
     if manifest_file:
@@ -191,7 +202,7 @@ def _collect_and_consume_cray_manifest_files(
     if manifest_directory:
         manifest_dirs.append(manifest_directory)
 
-    if os.path.isdir(cray_manifest.default_path):
+    if not ignore_default_dir and os.path.isdir(cray_manifest.default_path):
         tty.debug(
             "Cray manifest path {0} exists: collecting all files to read.".format(
                 cray_manifest.default_path

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/__init__.py

@@ -116,21 +116,23 @@ def one_spec_or_raise(specs):
 
 
 def check_module_set_name(name):
-    modules_config = spack.config.get("modules")
-    valid_names = set(
-        [
-            key
-            for key, value in modules_config.items()
-            if isinstance(value, dict) and value.get("enable", [])
-        ]
-    )
-    if "enable" in modules_config and modules_config["enable"]:
-        valid_names.add("default")
+    modules = spack.config.get("modules")
+    if name != "prefix_inspections" and name in modules:
+        return
 
-    if name not in valid_names:
-        msg = "Cannot use invalid module set %s." % name
-        msg += "    Valid module set names are %s" % list(valid_names)
-        raise spack.config.ConfigError(msg)
+    names = [k for k in modules if k != "prefix_inspections"]
+
+    if not names:
+        raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+            f"Module set configuration is missing. Cannot use module set '{name}'"
+        )
+
+    pretty_names = "', '".join(names)
+
+    raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+        f"Cannot use invalid module set '{name}'.",
+        f"Valid module set names are: '{pretty_names}'.",
+    )
 
 
 _missing_modules_warning = (

lib/spack/spack/cmd/solve.py

@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
 
     # Below are arguments w.r.t. spec display (like spack spec)
-    arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["long", "very_long", "install_status"])
+    arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["long", "very_long"])
+
+    install_status_group = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    arguments.add_common_arguments(install_status_group, ["install_status", "no_install_status"])
+
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-y",
         "--yaml",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/spec.py

@@ -31,7 +31,11 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 for further documentation regarding the spec syntax, see:
     spack help --spec
 """
-    arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["long", "very_long", "install_status"])
+    arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["long", "very_long"])
+
+    install_status_group = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    arguments.add_common_arguments(install_status_group, ["install_status", "no_install_status"])
+
     format_group = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     format_group.add_argument(
         "-y",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tutorial.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 
 # tutorial configuration parameters
-tutorial_branch = "releases/v0.19"
+tutorial_branch = "releases/v0.20"
 tutorial_mirror = "file:///mirror"
 tutorial_key = os.path.join(spack.paths.share_path, "keys", "tutorial.pub")
 

lib/spack/spack/compilers/__init__.py

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
     "implicit_rpaths",
     "extra_rpaths",
 ]
-_cache_config_file = []
 
 # TODO: Caches at module level make it difficult to mock configurations in
 # TODO: unit tests. It might be worth reworking their implementation.
@@ -112,36 +111,26 @@ def _to_dict(compiler):
 def get_compiler_config(scope=None, init_config=True):
     """Return the compiler configuration for the specified architecture."""
 
-    def init_compiler_config():
-        """Compiler search used when Spack has no compilers."""
-        compilers = find_compilers()
-        compilers_dict = []
-        for compiler in compilers:
-            compilers_dict.append(_to_dict(compiler))
-        spack.config.set("compilers", compilers_dict, scope=scope)
+    config = spack.config.get("compilers", scope=scope) or []
+    if config or not init_config:
+        return config
 
+    merged_config = spack.config.get("compilers")
+    if merged_config:
+        return config
+
+    _init_compiler_config(scope=scope)
     config = spack.config.get("compilers", scope=scope)
-    # Update the configuration if there are currently no compilers
-    # configured.  Avoid updating automatically if there ARE site
-    # compilers configured but no user ones.
-    if not config and init_config:
-        if scope is None:
-            # We know no compilers were configured in any scope.
-            init_compiler_config()
-            config = spack.config.get("compilers", scope=scope)
-        elif scope == "user":
-            # Check the site config and update the user config if
-            # nothing is configured at the site level.
-            site_config = spack.config.get("compilers", scope="site")
-            sys_config = spack.config.get("compilers", scope="system")
-            if not site_config and not sys_config:
-                init_compiler_config()
-                config = spack.config.get("compilers", scope=scope)
-        return config
-    elif config:
-        return config
-    else:
-        return []  # Return empty list which we will later append to.
+    return config
+
+
+def _init_compiler_config(*, scope):
+    """Compiler search used when Spack has no compilers."""
+    compilers = find_compilers()
+    compilers_dict = []
+    for compiler in compilers:
+        compilers_dict.append(_to_dict(compiler))
+    spack.config.set("compilers", compilers_dict, scope=scope)
 
 
 def compiler_config_files():
@@ -165,52 +154,65 @@ def add_compilers_to_config(compilers, scope=None, init_config=True):
     compiler_config = get_compiler_config(scope, init_config)
     for compiler in compilers:
         compiler_config.append(_to_dict(compiler))
-    global _cache_config_file
-    _cache_config_file = compiler_config
     spack.config.set("compilers", compiler_config, scope=scope)
 
 
 @_auto_compiler_spec
 def remove_compiler_from_config(compiler_spec, scope=None):
-    """Remove compilers from the config, by spec.
+    """Remove compilers from configuration by spec.
+
+    If scope is None, all the scopes are searched for removal.
 
     Arguments:
-        compiler_specs: a list of CompilerSpec objects.
-        scope: configuration scope to modify.
+        compiler_spec: compiler to be removed
+        scope: configuration scope to modify
     """
-    # Need a better way for this
-    global _cache_config_file
+    candidate_scopes = [scope]
+    if scope is None:
+        candidate_scopes = spack.config.config.scopes.keys()
 
+    removal_happened = False
+    for current_scope in candidate_scopes:
+        removal_happened |= _remove_compiler_from_scope(compiler_spec, scope=current_scope)
+
+    return removal_happened
+
+
+def _remove_compiler_from_scope(compiler_spec, scope):
+    """Removes a compiler from a specific configuration scope.
+
+    Args:
+        compiler_spec: compiler to be removed
+        scope: configuration scope under consideration
+
+    Returns:
+         True if one or more compiler entries were actually removed, False otherwise
+    """
+    assert scope is not None, "a specific scope is needed when calling this function"
     compiler_config = get_compiler_config(scope)
-    config_length = len(compiler_config)
-
     filtered_compiler_config = [
-        comp
-        for comp in compiler_config
+        compiler_entry
+        for compiler_entry in compiler_config
         if not spack.spec.parse_with_version_concrete(
-            comp["compiler"]["spec"], compiler=True
+            compiler_entry["compiler"]["spec"], compiler=True
         ).satisfies(compiler_spec)
     ]
 
-    # Update the cache for changes
-    _cache_config_file = filtered_compiler_config
-    if len(filtered_compiler_config) == config_length:  # No items removed
-        CompilerSpecInsufficientlySpecificError(compiler_spec)
-    spack.config.set("compilers", filtered_compiler_config, scope=scope)
+    if len(filtered_compiler_config) == len(compiler_config):
+        return False
+
+    # We need to preserve the YAML type for comments, hence we are copying the
+    # items in the list that has just been retrieved
+    compiler_config[:] = filtered_compiler_config
+    spack.config.set("compilers", compiler_config, scope=scope)
+    return True
 
 
 def all_compilers_config(scope=None, init_config=True):
     """Return a set of specs for all the compiler versions currently
     available to build with.  These are instances of CompilerSpec.
     """
-    # Get compilers for this architecture.
-    # Create a cache of the config file so we don't load all the time.
-    global _cache_config_file
-    if not _cache_config_file:
-        _cache_config_file = get_compiler_config(scope, init_config)
-        return _cache_config_file
-    else:
-        return _cache_config_file
+    return get_compiler_config(scope, init_config)
 
 
 def all_compiler_specs(scope=None, init_config=True):

lib/spack/spack/compilers/msvc.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 
 def get_valid_fortran_pth(comp_ver):
-    cl_ver = str(comp_ver).split("@")[1]
+    cl_ver = str(comp_ver)
     sort_fn = lambda fc_ver: StrictVersion(fc_ver)
     sort_fc_ver = sorted(list(avail_fc_version), key=sort_fn)
     for ver in sort_fc_ver:
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class Msvc(Compiler):
     # file based on compiler executable path.
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        new_pth = [pth if pth else get_valid_fortran_pth(args[0]) for pth in args[3]]
+        new_pth = [pth if pth else get_valid_fortran_pth(args[0].version) for pth in args[3]]
         args[3][:] = new_pth
         super(Msvc, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         if os.getenv("ONEAPI_ROOT"):
@@ -151,7 +151,11 @@ def setup_custom_environment(self, pkg, env):
         arch = arch.replace("-", "_")
         # vcvars can target specific sdk versions, force it to pick up concretized sdk
         # version, if needed by spec
-        sdk_ver = "" if "win-sdk" not in pkg.spec else pkg.spec["win-sdk"].version.string + ".0"
+        sdk_ver = (
+            ""
+            if "win-sdk" not in pkg.spec or pkg.name == "win-sdk"
+            else pkg.spec["win-sdk"].version.string + ".0"
+        )
         # provide vcvars with msvc version selected by concretization,
         # not whatever it happens to pick up on the system (highest available version)
         out = subprocess.check_output(  # novermin

lib/spack/spack/config.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 # Same as above, but including keys for environments
 # this allows us to unify config reading between configs and environments
 all_schemas = copy.deepcopy(section_schemas)
-all_schemas.update(dict((key, spack.schema.env.schema) for key in spack.schema.env.keys))
+all_schemas.update({spack.schema.env.TOP_LEVEL_KEY: spack.schema.env.schema})
 
 #: Path to the default configuration
 configuration_defaults_path = ("defaults", os.path.join(spack.paths.etc_path, "defaults"))
@@ -111,14 +111,6 @@
 overrides_base_name = "overrides-"
 
 
-def first_existing(dictionary, keys):
-    """Get the value of the first key in keys that is in the dictionary."""
-    try:
-        return next(k for k in keys if k in dictionary)
-    except StopIteration:
-        raise KeyError("None of %s is in dict!" % str(keys))
-
-
 class ConfigScope(object):
     """This class represents a configuration scope.
 
@@ -838,12 +830,10 @@ def _config():
 
 def add_from_file(filename, scope=None):
     """Add updates to a config from a filename"""
-    import spack.environment as ev
-
-    # Get file as config dict
+    # Extract internal attributes, if we are dealing with an environment
     data = read_config_file(filename)
-    if any(k in data for k in spack.schema.env.keys):
-        data = ev.config_dict(data)
+    if spack.schema.env.TOP_LEVEL_KEY in data:
+        data = data[spack.schema.env.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
 
     # update all sections from config dict
     # We have to iterate on keys to keep overrides from the file
@@ -1353,17 +1343,11 @@ def use_configuration(*scopes_or_paths):
     configuration = _config_from(scopes_or_paths)
     config.clear_caches(), configuration.clear_caches()
 
-    # Save and clear the current compiler cache
-    saved_compiler_cache = spack.compilers._cache_config_file
-    spack.compilers._cache_config_file = []
-
     saved_config, config = config, configuration
 
     try:
         yield configuration
     finally:
-        # Restore previous config files
-        spack.compilers._cache_config_file = saved_compiler_cache
         config = saved_config
 
 

lib/spack/spack/container/__init__.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def validate(configuration_file):
         config = syaml.load(f)
 
     # Ensure we have a "container" attribute with sensible defaults set
-    env_dict = ev.config_dict(config)
+    env_dict = config[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
     env_dict.setdefault(
         "container", {"format": "docker", "images": {"os": "ubuntu:22.04", "spack": "develop"}}
     )

lib/spack/spack/container/images.json

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
         "template": "container/fedora_38.dockerfile",
         "image": "docker.io/fedora:38"
       },
-      "os_package_manager": "yum",
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf",
       "build": "spack/fedora38",
       "build_tags": {
         "develop": "latest"
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
         "template": "container/fedora_37.dockerfile",
         "image": "docker.io/fedora:37"
       },
-      "os_package_manager": "yum",
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf",
       "build": "spack/fedora37",
       "build_tags": {
         "develop": "latest"
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
         "template": "container/rockylinux_9.dockerfile",
         "image": "docker.io/rockylinux:9"
       },
-      "os_package_manager": "yum",
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf_epel",
       "build": "spack/rockylinux9",
       "build_tags": {
         "develop": "latest"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
         "template": "container/rockylinux_8.dockerfile",
         "image": "docker.io/rockylinux:8"
       },
-      "os_package_manager": "yum",
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf_epel",
       "build": "spack/rockylinux8",
       "build_tags": {
         "develop": "latest"
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
         "template": "container/almalinux_9.dockerfile",
         "image": "quay.io/almalinux/almalinux:9"
       },
-      "os_package_manager": "yum",
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf_epel",
       "build": "spack/almalinux9",
       "build_tags": {
         "develop": "latest"
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
         "template": "container/almalinux_8.dockerfile",
         "image": "quay.io/almalinux/almalinux:8"
       },
-      "os_package_manager": "yum",
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf_epel",
       "build": "spack/almalinux8",
       "build_tags": {
         "develop": "latest"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
         "template": "container/centos_stream.dockerfile",
         "image": "quay.io/centos/centos:stream"
       },
-      "os_package_manager": "yum",
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf_epel",
       "build": "spack/centos-stream",
       "final": {
         "image": "quay.io/centos/centos:stream"
@@ -185,6 +185,16 @@
       "install": "apt-get -yqq install",
       "clean": "rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*"
     },
+    "dnf": {
+      "update": "dnf update -y",
+      "install": "dnf install -y",
+      "clean": "rm -rf /var/cache/dnf && dnf clean all"
+    },
+    "dnf_epel": {
+      "update": "dnf update -y && dnf install -y epel-release && dnf update -y",
+      "install": "dnf install -y",
+      "clean": "rm -rf /var/cache/dnf && dnf clean all"
+    },
     "yum": {
       "update": "yum update -y && yum install -y epel-release && yum update -y",
       "install": "yum install -y",

lib/spack/spack/container/writers/__init__.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def create(configuration, last_phase=None):
         configuration (dict): how to generate the current recipe
         last_phase (str): last phase to be printed or None to print them all
     """
-    name = ev.config_dict(configuration)["container"]["format"]
+    name = configuration[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]["container"]["format"]
     return _writer_factory[name](configuration, last_phase)
 
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class PathContext(tengine.Context):
     template_name: Optional[str] = None
 
     def __init__(self, config, last_phase):
-        self.config = ev.config_dict(config)
+        self.config = config[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
         self.container_config = self.config["container"]
 
         # Operating system tag as written in the configuration file

lib/spack/spack/cray_manifest.py

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ def translated_compiler_name(manifest_compiler_name):
 def compiler_from_entry(entry):
     compiler_name = translated_compiler_name(entry["name"])
     paths = entry["executables"]
-    version = entry["version"]
+    # to instantiate a compiler class we may need a concrete version:
+    version = "={}".format(entry["version"])
     arch = entry["arch"]
     operating_system = arch["os"]
     target = arch["target"]
@@ -163,7 +164,10 @@ def entries_to_specs(entries):
                     continue
                 parent_spec = spec_dict[entry["hash"]]
                 dep_spec = spec_dict[dep_hash]
-                parent_spec._add_dependency(dep_spec, deptypes=deptypes)
+                parent_spec._add_dependency(dep_spec, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=())
+
+    for spec in spec_dict.values():
+        spack.spec.reconstruct_virtuals_on_edges(spec)
 
     return spec_dict
 

lib/spack/spack/database.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 # DB version.  This is stuck in the DB file to track changes in format.
 # Increment by one when the database format changes.
 # Versions before 5 were not integers.
-_db_version = vn.Version("6")
+_db_version = vn.Version("7")
 
 # For any version combinations here, skip reindex when upgrading.
 # Reindexing can take considerable time and is not always necessary.
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
     # version is saved to disk the first time the DB is written.
     (vn.Version("0.9.3"), vn.Version("5")),
     (vn.Version("5"), vn.Version("6")),
+    (vn.Version("6"), vn.Version("7")),
 ]
 
 # Default timeout for spack database locks in seconds or None (no timeout).
@@ -105,7 +106,11 @@
 
 
 def reader(version):
-    reader_cls = {vn.Version("5"): spack.spec.SpecfileV1, vn.Version("6"): spack.spec.SpecfileV3}
+    reader_cls = {
+        vn.Version("5"): spack.spec.SpecfileV1,
+        vn.Version("6"): spack.spec.SpecfileV3,
+        vn.Version("7"): spack.spec.SpecfileV4,
+    }
     return reader_cls[version]
 
 
@@ -743,7 +748,9 @@ def _assign_dependencies(self, spec_reader, hash_key, installs, data):
             spec_node_dict = spec_node_dict[spec.name]
         if "dependencies" in spec_node_dict:
             yaml_deps = spec_node_dict["dependencies"]
-            for dname, dhash, dtypes, _ in spec_reader.read_specfile_dep_specs(yaml_deps):
+            for dname, dhash, dtypes, _, virtuals in spec_reader.read_specfile_dep_specs(
+                yaml_deps
+            ):
                 # It is important that we always check upstream installations
                 # in the same order, and that we always check the local
                 # installation first: if a downstream Spack installs a package
@@ -766,7 +773,7 @@ def _assign_dependencies(self, spec_reader, hash_key, installs, data):
                     tty.warn(msg)
                     continue
 
-                spec._add_dependency(child, deptypes=dtypes)
+                spec._add_dependency(child, deptypes=dtypes, virtuals=virtuals)
 
     def _read_from_file(self, filename):
         """Fill database from file, do not maintain old data.
@@ -1172,7 +1179,7 @@ def _add(
             for dep in spec.edges_to_dependencies(deptype=_tracked_deps):
                 dkey = dep.spec.dag_hash()
                 upstream, record = self.query_by_spec_hash(dkey)
-                new_spec._add_dependency(record.spec, deptypes=dep.deptypes)
+                new_spec._add_dependency(record.spec, deptypes=dep.deptypes, virtuals=dep.virtuals)
                 if not upstream:
                     record.ref_count += 1
 

lib/spack/spack/environment/__init__.py

@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@
 """
 
 from .environment import (
+    TOP_LEVEL_KEY,
     Environment,
     SpackEnvironmentError,
     SpackEnvironmentViewError,
@@ -345,7 +346,6 @@
     active_environment,
     all_environment_names,
     all_environments,
-    config_dict,
     create,
     create_in_dir,
     deactivate,
@@ -369,6 +369,7 @@
 )
 
 __all__ = [
+    "TOP_LEVEL_KEY",
     "Environment",
     "SpackEnvironmentError",
     "SpackEnvironmentViewError",
@@ -377,7 +378,6 @@
     "active_environment",
     "all_environment_names",
     "all_environments",
-    "config_dict",
     "create",
     "create_in_dir",
     "deactivate",

lib/spack/spack/environment/environment.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 import spack.version
 from spack.filesystem_view import SimpleFilesystemView, inverse_view_func_parser, view_func_parser
 from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
+from spack.schema.env import TOP_LEVEL_KEY
 from spack.spec import Spec
 from spack.spec_list import InvalidSpecConstraintError, SpecList
 from spack.util.path import substitute_path_variables
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ def default_manifest_yaml():
 valid_environment_name_re = r"^\w[\w-]*$"
 
 #: version of the lockfile format. Must increase monotonically.
-lockfile_format_version = 4
+lockfile_format_version = 5
 
 
 READER_CLS = {
@@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ def default_manifest_yaml():
     2: spack.spec.SpecfileV1,
     3: spack.spec.SpecfileV2,
     4: spack.spec.SpecfileV3,
+    5: spack.spec.SpecfileV4,
 }
 
 
@@ -361,19 +363,6 @@ def ensure_env_root_path_exists():
         fs.mkdirp(env_root_path())
 
 
-def config_dict(yaml_data):
-    """Get the configuration scope section out of an spack.yaml"""
-    # TODO (env:): Remove env: as a possible top level keyword in v0.21
-    key = spack.config.first_existing(yaml_data, spack.schema.env.keys)
-    if key == "env":
-        msg = (
-            "using 'env:' as a top-level attribute of a Spack environment is deprecated and "
-            "will be removed in Spack v0.21. Please use 'spack:' instead."
-        )
-        warnings.warn(msg)
-    return yaml_data[key]
-
-
 def all_environment_names():
     """List the names of environments that currently exist."""
     # just return empty if the env path does not exist.  A read-only
@@ -821,8 +810,8 @@ def write_transaction(self):
     def _construct_state_from_manifest(self):
         """Read manifest file and set up user specs."""
         self.spec_lists = collections.OrderedDict()
-
-        for item in config_dict(self.manifest).get("definitions", []):
+        env_configuration = self.manifest[TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
+        for item in env_configuration.get("definitions", []):
             entry = copy.deepcopy(item)
             when = _eval_conditional(entry.pop("when", "True"))
             assert len(entry) == 1
@@ -834,13 +823,13 @@ def _construct_state_from_manifest(self):
                 else:
                     self.spec_lists[name] = user_specs
 
-        spec_list = config_dict(self.manifest).get(user_speclist_name, [])
+        spec_list = env_configuration.get(user_speclist_name, [])
         user_specs = SpecList(
             user_speclist_name, [s for s in spec_list if s], self.spec_lists.copy()
         )
         self.spec_lists[user_speclist_name] = user_specs
 
-        enable_view = config_dict(self.manifest).get("view")
+        enable_view = env_configuration.get("view")
         # enable_view can be boolean, string, or None
         if enable_view is True or enable_view is None:
             self.views = {default_view_name: ViewDescriptor(self.path, self.view_path_default)}
@@ -855,14 +844,11 @@ def _construct_state_from_manifest(self):
         else:
             self.views = {}
 
-        # Retrieve the current concretization strategy
-        configuration = config_dict(self.manifest)
-
         # Retrieve unification scheme for the concretizer
         self.unify = spack.config.get("concretizer:unify", False)
 
         # Retrieve dev-build packages:
-        self.dev_specs = copy.deepcopy(configuration.get("develop", {}))
+        self.dev_specs = copy.deepcopy(env_configuration.get("develop", {}))
         for name, entry in self.dev_specs.items():
             # spec must include a concrete version
             assert Spec(entry["spec"]).versions.concrete_range_as_version
@@ -982,7 +968,7 @@ def included_config_scopes(self):
 
         # load config scopes added via 'include:', in reverse so that
         # highest-precedence scopes are last.
-        includes = config_dict(self.manifest).get("include", [])
+        includes = self.manifest[TOP_LEVEL_KEY].get("include", [])
         missing = []
         for i, config_path in enumerate(reversed(includes)):
             # allow paths to contain spack config/environment variables, etc.
@@ -1075,10 +1061,7 @@ def env_file_config_scope(self):
         """Get the configuration scope for the environment's manifest file."""
         config_name = self.env_file_config_scope_name()
         return spack.config.SingleFileScope(
-            config_name,
-            self.manifest_path,
-            spack.schema.env.schema,
-            [spack.config.first_existing(self.manifest, spack.schema.env.keys)],
+            config_name, self.manifest_path, spack.schema.env.schema, [TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
         )
 
     def config_scopes(self):
@@ -1221,28 +1204,27 @@ def remove(self, query_spec, list_name=user_speclist_name, force=False):
         old_specs = set(self.user_specs)
         new_specs = set()
         for spec in matches:
-            if spec in list_to_change:
-                try:
-                    list_to_change.remove(spec)
-                    self.update_stale_references(list_name)
-                    new_specs = set(self.user_specs)
-                except spack.spec_list.SpecListError:
-                    # define new specs list
-                    new_specs = set(self.user_specs)
-                    msg = f"Spec '{spec}' is part of a spec matrix and "
-                    msg += f"cannot be removed from list '{list_to_change}'."
-                    if force:
-                        msg += " It will be removed from the concrete specs."
-                        # Mock new specs, so we can remove this spec from concrete spec lists
-                        new_specs.remove(spec)
-                    tty.warn(msg)
+            if spec not in list_to_change:
+                continue
+            try:
+                list_to_change.remove(spec)
+                self.update_stale_references(list_name)
+                new_specs = set(self.user_specs)
+            except spack.spec_list.SpecListError:
+                # define new specs list
+                new_specs = set(self.user_specs)
+                msg = f"Spec '{spec}' is part of a spec matrix and "
+                msg += f"cannot be removed from list '{list_to_change}'."
+                if force:
+                    msg += " It will be removed from the concrete specs."
+                    # Mock new specs, so we can remove this spec from concrete spec lists
+                    new_specs.remove(spec)
+                tty.warn(msg)
+            else:
+                if list_name == user_speclist_name:
+                    self.manifest.remove_user_spec(str(spec))
                 else:
-                    if list_name == user_speclist_name:
-                        for user_spec in matches:
-                            self.manifest.remove_user_spec(str(user_spec))
-                    else:
-                        for user_spec in matches:
-                            self.manifest.remove_definition(str(user_spec), list_name=list_name)
+                    self.manifest.remove_definition(str(spec), list_name=list_name)
 
         # If force, update stale concretized specs
         for spec in old_specs - new_specs:
@@ -1352,6 +1334,10 @@ def concretize(self, force=False, tests=False):
             self.concretized_order = []
             self.specs_by_hash = {}
 
+        # Remove concrete specs that no longer correlate to a user spec
+        for spec in set(self.concretized_user_specs) - set(self.user_specs):
+            self.deconcretize(spec)
+
         # Pick the right concretization strategy
         if self.unify == "when_possible":
             return self._concretize_together_where_possible(tests=tests)
@@ -1365,67 +1351,120 @@ def concretize(self, force=False, tests=False):
         msg = "concretization strategy not implemented [{0}]"
         raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg.format(self.unify))
 
-    def _concretize_together_where_possible(self, tests=False):
+    def deconcretize(self, spec):
+        # spec has to be a root of the environment
+        index = self.concretized_user_specs.index(spec)
+        dag_hash = self.concretized_order.pop(index)
+        del self.concretized_user_specs[index]
+
+        # If this was the only user spec that concretized to this concrete spec, remove it
+        if dag_hash not in self.concretized_order:
+            del self.specs_by_hash[dag_hash]
+
+    def _get_specs_to_concretize(
+        self,
+    ) -> Tuple[Set[spack.spec.Spec], Set[spack.spec.Spec], List[spack.spec.Spec]]:
+        """Compute specs to concretize for unify:true and unify:when_possible.
+
+        This includes new user specs and any already concretized specs.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of new user specs, user specs to keep, and the specs to concretize.
+
+        """
+        # Exit early if the set of concretized specs is the set of user specs
+        new_user_specs = set(self.user_specs) - set(self.concretized_user_specs)
+        kept_user_specs = set(self.user_specs) & set(self.concretized_user_specs)
+        if not new_user_specs:
+            return new_user_specs, kept_user_specs, []
+
+        concrete_specs_to_keep = [
+            concrete
+            for abstract, concrete in self.concretized_specs()
+            if abstract in kept_user_specs
+        ]
+
+        specs_to_concretize = list(new_user_specs) + concrete_specs_to_keep
+        return new_user_specs, kept_user_specs, specs_to_concretize
+
+    def _concretize_together_where_possible(
+        self, tests: bool = False
+    ) -> List[Tuple[spack.spec.Spec, spack.spec.Spec]]:
         # Avoid cyclic dependency
         import spack.solver.asp
 
         # Exit early if the set of concretized specs is the set of user specs
-        user_specs_did_not_change = not bool(
-            set(self.user_specs) - set(self.concretized_user_specs)
-        )
-        if user_specs_did_not_change:
+        new_user_specs, _, specs_to_concretize = self._get_specs_to_concretize()
+        if not new_user_specs:
             return []
 
-        # Proceed with concretization
+        old_concrete_to_abstract = {
+            concrete: abstract for (abstract, concrete) in self.concretized_specs()
+        }
+
         self.concretized_user_specs = []
         self.concretized_order = []
         self.specs_by_hash = {}
 
         result_by_user_spec = {}
         solver = spack.solver.asp.Solver()
-        for result in solver.solve_in_rounds(self.user_specs, tests=tests):
+        for result in solver.solve_in_rounds(specs_to_concretize, tests=tests):
             result_by_user_spec.update(result.specs_by_input)
 
         result = []
         for abstract, concrete in sorted(result_by_user_spec.items()):
+            # If the "abstract" spec is a concrete spec from the previous concretization
+            # translate it back to an abstract spec. Otherwise, keep the abstract spec
+            abstract = old_concrete_to_abstract.get(abstract, abstract)
+            if abstract in new_user_specs:
+                result.append((abstract, concrete))
             self._add_concrete_spec(abstract, concrete)
-            result.append((abstract, concrete))
+
         return result
 
-    def _concretize_together(self, tests=False):
+    def _concretize_together(
+        self, tests: bool = False
+    ) -> List[Tuple[spack.spec.Spec, spack.spec.Spec]]:
         """Concretization strategy that concretizes all the specs
         in the same DAG.
         """
         # Exit early if the set of concretized specs is the set of user specs
-        user_specs_did_not_change = not bool(
-            set(self.user_specs) - set(self.concretized_user_specs)
-        )
-        if user_specs_did_not_change:
+        new_user_specs, kept_user_specs, specs_to_concretize = self._get_specs_to_concretize()
+        if not new_user_specs:
             return []
 
-        # Proceed with concretization
         self.concretized_user_specs = []
         self.concretized_order = []
         self.specs_by_hash = {}
 
         try:
-            concrete_specs = spack.concretize.concretize_specs_together(
-                *self.user_specs, tests=tests
+            concrete_specs: List[spack.spec.Spec] = spack.concretize.concretize_specs_together(
+                *specs_to_concretize, tests=tests
             )
         except spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError as e:
             # "Enhance" the error message for multiple root specs, suggest a less strict
             # form of concretization.
             if len(self.user_specs) > 1:
+                e.message += ". "
+                if kept_user_specs:
+                    e.message += (
+                        "Couldn't concretize without changing the existing environment. "
+                        "If you are ok with changing it, try `spack concretize --force`. "
+                    )
                 e.message += (
-                    ". Consider setting `concretizer:unify` to `when_possible` "
-                    "or `false` to relax the concretizer strictness."
+                    "You could consider setting `concretizer:unify` to `when_possible` "
+                    "or `false` to allow multiple versions of some packages."
                 )
             raise
 
-        concretized_specs = [x for x in zip(self.user_specs, concrete_specs)]
+        # set() | set() does not preserve ordering, even though sets are ordered
+        ordered_user_specs = list(new_user_specs) + list(kept_user_specs)
+        concretized_specs = [x for x in zip(ordered_user_specs, concrete_specs)]
         for abstract, concrete in concretized_specs:
             self._add_concrete_spec(abstract, concrete)
-        return concretized_specs
+
+        # zip truncates the longer list, which is exactly what we want here
+        return list(zip(new_user_specs, concrete_specs))
 
     def _concretize_separately(self, tests=False):
         """Concretization strategy that concretizes separately one
@@ -1510,12 +1549,13 @@ def _concretize_separately(self, tests=False):
             for h in self.specs_by_hash:
                 current_spec, computed_spec = self.specs_by_hash[h], by_hash[h]
                 for node in computed_spec.traverse():
-                    test_deps = node.dependencies(deptype="test")
-                    for test_dependency in test_deps:
+                    test_edges = node.edges_to_dependencies(deptype="test")
+                    for current_edge in test_edges:
+                        test_dependency = current_edge.spec
                         if test_dependency in current_spec[node.name]:
                             continue
                         current_spec[node.name].add_dependency_edge(
-                            test_dependency.copy(), deptypes="test"
+                            test_dependency.copy(), deptypes="test", virtuals=current_edge.virtuals
                         )
 
         results = [
@@ -2146,9 +2186,9 @@ def _read_lockfile_dict(self, d):
         # and add them to the spec
         for lockfile_key, node_dict in json_specs_by_hash.items():
             name, data = reader.name_and_data(node_dict)
-            for _, dep_hash, deptypes, _ in reader.dependencies_from_node_dict(data):
+            for _, dep_hash, deptypes, _, virtuals in reader.dependencies_from_node_dict(data):
                 specs_by_hash[lockfile_key]._add_dependency(
-                    specs_by_hash[dep_hash], deptypes=deptypes
+                    specs_by_hash[dep_hash], deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals
                 )
 
         # Traverse the root specs one at a time in the order they appear.
@@ -2340,17 +2380,28 @@ def _concretize_from_constraints(spec_constraints, tests=False):
     # Accept only valid constraints from list and concretize spec
     # Get the named spec even if out of order
     root_spec = [s for s in spec_constraints if s.name]
-    if len(root_spec) != 1:
-        m = "The constraints %s are not a valid spec " % spec_constraints
-        m += "concretization target. all specs must have a single name "
-        m += "constraint for concretization."
-        raise InvalidSpecConstraintError(m)
-    spec_constraints.remove(root_spec[0])
+    hash_spec = [s for s in spec_constraints if s.abstract_hash]
+
+    error_message = "The constraints %s are not a valid spec " % spec_constraints
+    error_message += "concretization target. all specs must have a single name "
+    error_message += "constraint for concretization."
+
+    if len(root_spec) > 1:
+        raise InvalidSpecConstraintError(error_message)
+
+    if len(root_spec) < 1:
+        if len(hash_spec) < 1:
+            raise InvalidSpecConstraintError(error_message)
+
+    if root_spec:
+        spec_constraints.remove(root_spec[0])
+
+    root_spec = root_spec[0] if root_spec else Spec()
 
     invalid_constraints = []
     while True:
         # Attach all anonymous constraints to one named spec
-        s = root_spec[0].copy()
+        s = root_spec.copy()
         for c in spec_constraints:
             if c not in invalid_constraints:
                 s.constrain(c)
@@ -2628,8 +2679,8 @@ def add_user_spec(self, user_spec: str) -> None:
         Args:
             user_spec: user spec to be appended
         """
-        config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content).setdefault("specs", []).append(user_spec)
-        config_dict(self.yaml_content).setdefault("specs", []).append(user_spec)
+        self.pristine_configuration.setdefault("specs", []).append(user_spec)
+        self.configuration.setdefault("specs", []).append(user_spec)
         self.changed = True
 
     def remove_user_spec(self, user_spec: str) -> None:
@@ -2642,8 +2693,8 @@ def remove_user_spec(self, user_spec: str) -> None:
             SpackEnvironmentError: when the user spec is not in the list
         """
         try:
-            config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content)["specs"].remove(user_spec)
-            config_dict(self.yaml_content)["specs"].remove(user_spec)
+            self.pristine_configuration["specs"].remove(user_spec)
+            self.configuration["specs"].remove(user_spec)
         except ValueError as e:
             msg = f"cannot remove {user_spec} from {self}, no such spec exists"
             raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg) from e
@@ -2660,8 +2711,8 @@ def override_user_spec(self, user_spec: str, idx: int) -> None:
             SpackEnvironmentError: when the user spec cannot be overridden
         """
         try:
-            config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content)["specs"][idx] = user_spec
-            config_dict(self.yaml_content)["specs"][idx] = user_spec
+            self.pristine_configuration["specs"][idx] = user_spec
+            self.configuration["specs"][idx] = user_spec
         except ValueError as e:
             msg = f"cannot override {user_spec} from {self}"
             raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg) from e
@@ -2677,14 +2728,14 @@ def add_definition(self, user_spec: str, list_name: str) -> None:
         Raises:
             SpackEnvironmentError: is no valid definition exists already
         """
-        defs = config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content).get("definitions", [])
+        defs = self.pristine_configuration.get("definitions", [])
         msg = f"cannot add {user_spec} to the '{list_name}' definition, no valid list exists"
 
         for idx, item in self._iterate_on_definitions(defs, list_name=list_name, err_msg=msg):
             item[list_name].append(user_spec)
             break
 
-        config_dict(self.yaml_content)["definitions"][idx][list_name].append(user_spec)
+        self.configuration["definitions"][idx][list_name].append(user_spec)
         self.changed = True
 
     def remove_definition(self, user_spec: str, list_name: str) -> None:
@@ -2698,7 +2749,7 @@ def remove_definition(self, user_spec: str, list_name: str) -> None:
             SpackEnvironmentError: if the user spec cannot be removed from the list,
                 or the list does not exist
         """
-        defs = config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content).get("definitions", [])
+        defs = self.pristine_configuration.get("definitions", [])
         msg = (
             f"cannot remove {user_spec} from the '{list_name}' definition, "
             f"no valid list exists"
@@ -2711,7 +2762,7 @@ def remove_definition(self, user_spec: str, list_name: str) -> None:
             except ValueError:
                 pass
 
-        config_dict(self.yaml_content)["definitions"][idx][list_name].remove(user_spec)
+        self.configuration["definitions"][idx][list_name].remove(user_spec)
         self.changed = True
 
     def override_definition(self, user_spec: str, *, override: str, list_name: str) -> None:
@@ -2726,7 +2777,7 @@ def override_definition(self, user_spec: str, *, override: str, list_name: str)
         Raises:
             SpackEnvironmentError: if the user spec cannot be overridden
         """
-        defs = config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content).get("definitions", [])
+        defs = self.pristine_configuration.get("definitions", [])
         msg = f"cannot override {user_spec} with {override} in the '{list_name}' definition"
 
         for idx, item in self._iterate_on_definitions(defs, list_name=list_name, err_msg=msg):
@@ -2737,7 +2788,7 @@ def override_definition(self, user_spec: str, *, override: str, list_name: str)
             except ValueError:
                 pass
 
-        config_dict(self.yaml_content)["definitions"][idx][list_name][sub_index] = override
+        self.configuration["definitions"][idx][list_name][sub_index] = override
         self.changed = True
 
     def _iterate_on_definitions(self, definitions, *, list_name, err_msg):
@@ -2769,24 +2820,24 @@ def set_default_view(self, view: Union[bool, str, pathlib.Path, Dict[str, str]])
                 True the default view is used for the environment, if False there's no view.
         """
         if isinstance(view, dict):
-            config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content)["view"][default_view_name].update(view)
-            config_dict(self.yaml_content)["view"][default_view_name].update(view)
+            self.pristine_configuration["view"][default_view_name].update(view)
+            self.configuration["view"][default_view_name].update(view)
             self.changed = True
             return
 
         if not isinstance(view, bool):
             view = str(view)
 
-        config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content)["view"] = view
-        config_dict(self.yaml_content)["view"] = view
+        self.pristine_configuration["view"] = view
+        self.configuration["view"] = view
         self.changed = True
 
     def remove_default_view(self) -> None:
         """Removes the default view from the manifest file"""
-        view_data = config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content).get("view")
+        view_data = self.pristine_configuration.get("view")
         if isinstance(view_data, collections.abc.Mapping):
-            config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content)["view"].pop(default_view_name)
-            config_dict(self.yaml_content)["view"].pop(default_view_name)
+            self.pristine_configuration["view"].pop(default_view_name)
+            self.configuration["view"].pop(default_view_name)
             self.changed = True
             return
 
@@ -2803,12 +2854,10 @@ def add_develop_spec(self, pkg_name: str, entry: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
         if entry["path"] == pkg_name:
             entry.pop("path")
 
-        config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content).setdefault("develop", {}).setdefault(
-            pkg_name, {}
-        ).update(entry)
-        config_dict(self.yaml_content).setdefault("develop", {}).setdefault(pkg_name, {}).update(
+        self.pristine_configuration.setdefault("develop", {}).setdefault(pkg_name, {}).update(
             entry
         )
+        self.configuration.setdefault("develop", {}).setdefault(pkg_name, {}).update(entry)
         self.changed = True
 
     def remove_develop_spec(self, pkg_name: str) -> None:
@@ -2821,11 +2870,11 @@ def remove_develop_spec(self, pkg_name: str) -> None:
             SpackEnvironmentError: if there is nothing to remove
         """
         try:
-            del config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content)["develop"][pkg_name]
+            del self.pristine_configuration["develop"][pkg_name]
         except KeyError as e:
             msg = f"cannot remove '{pkg_name}' from develop specs in {self}, entry does not exist"
             raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg) from e
-        del config_dict(self.yaml_content)["develop"][pkg_name]
+        del self.configuration["develop"][pkg_name]
         self.changed = True
 
     def absolutify_dev_paths(self, init_file_dir: Union[str, pathlib.Path]) -> None:
@@ -2836,11 +2885,11 @@ def absolutify_dev_paths(self, init_file_dir: Union[str, pathlib.Path]) -> None:
             init_file_dir: directory with the "spack.yaml" used to initialize the environment.
         """
         init_file_dir = pathlib.Path(init_file_dir).absolute()
-        for _, entry in config_dict(self.pristine_yaml_content).get("develop", {}).items():
+        for _, entry in self.pristine_configuration.get("develop", {}).items():
             expanded_path = os.path.normpath(str(init_file_dir / entry["path"]))
             entry["path"] = str(expanded_path)
 
-        for _, entry in config_dict(self.yaml_content).get("develop", {}).items():
+        for _, entry in self.configuration.get("develop", {}).items():
             expanded_path = os.path.normpath(str(init_file_dir / entry["path"]))
             entry["path"] = str(expanded_path)
         self.changed = True
@@ -2854,6 +2903,16 @@ def flush(self) -> None:
             _write_yaml(self.pristine_yaml_content, f)
         self.changed = False
 
+    @property
+    def pristine_configuration(self):
+        """Return the dictionaries in the pristine YAML, without the top level attribute"""
+        return self.pristine_yaml_content[TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
+
+    @property
+    def configuration(self):
+        """Return the dictionaries in the YAML, without the top level attribute"""
+        return self.yaml_content[TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
+
     def __len__(self):
         return len(self.yaml_content)
 

lib/spack/spack/graph.py

@@ -544,6 +544,7 @@ def _static_edges(specs, deptype):
                     spack.spec.Spec(parent_name),
                     spack.spec.Spec(dependency_name),
                     deptypes=deptype,
+                    virtuals=(),
                 )
 
 

lib/spack/spack/install_test.py

@@ -215,6 +215,31 @@ def print_message(logger: LogType, msg: str, verbose: bool = False):
         tty.info(msg, format="g")
 
 
+def overall_status(current_status: "TestStatus", substatuses: List["TestStatus"]) -> "TestStatus":
+    """Determine the overall status based on the current and associated sub status values.
+
+    Args:
+        current_status: current overall status, assumed to default to PASSED
+        substatuses: status of each test part or overall status of each test spec
+    Returns:
+        test status encompassing the main test and all subtests
+    """
+    if current_status in [TestStatus.SKIPPED, TestStatus.NO_TESTS, TestStatus.FAILED]:
+        return current_status
+
+    skipped = 0
+    for status in substatuses:
+        if status == TestStatus.FAILED:
+            return status
+        elif status == TestStatus.SKIPPED:
+            skipped += 1
+
+    if skipped and skipped == len(substatuses):
+        return TestStatus.SKIPPED
+
+    return current_status
+
+
 class PackageTest:
     """The class that manages stand-alone (post-install) package tests."""
 
@@ -308,14 +333,12 @@ def status(self, name: str, status: "TestStatus", msg: Optional[str] = None):
         # to start with the same name) may not have PASSED. This extra
         # check is used to ensure the containing test part is not claiming
         # to have passed when at least one subpart failed.
-        if status == TestStatus.PASSED:
-            for pname, substatus in self.test_parts.items():
-                if pname != part_name and pname.startswith(part_name):
-                    if substatus == TestStatus.FAILED:
-                        print(f"{substatus}: {part_name}{extra}")
-                        self.test_parts[part_name] = substatus
-                        self.counts[substatus] += 1
-                        return
+        substatuses = []
+        for pname, substatus in self.test_parts.items():
+            if pname != part_name and pname.startswith(part_name):
+                substatuses.append(substatus)
+        if substatuses:
+            status = overall_status(status, substatuses)
 
         print(f"{status}: {part_name}{extra}")
         self.test_parts[part_name] = status
@@ -420,6 +443,26 @@ def summarize(self):
         lines.append(f"{totals:=^80}")
         return lines
 
+    def write_tested_status(self):
+        """Write the overall status to the tested file.
+
+        If there any test part failures, then the tests failed. If all test
+        parts are skipped, then the tests were skipped. If any tests passed
+        then the tests passed; otherwise, there were not tests executed.
+        """
+        status = TestStatus.NO_TESTS
+        if self.counts[TestStatus.FAILED] > 0:
+            status = TestStatus.FAILED
+        else:
+            skipped = self.counts[TestStatus.SKIPPED]
+            if skipped and self.parts() == skipped:
+                status = TestStatus.SKIPPED
+            elif self.counts[TestStatus.PASSED] > 0:
+                status = TestStatus.PASSED
+
+        with open(self.tested_file, "w") as f:
+            f.write(f"{status.value}\n")
+
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def test_part(pkg: Pb, test_name: str, purpose: str, work_dir: str = ".", verbose: bool = False):
@@ -654,8 +697,9 @@ def process_test_parts(pkg: Pb, test_specs: List[spack.spec.Spec], verbose: bool
             try:
                 tests = test_functions(spec.package_class)
             except spack.repo.UnknownPackageError:
-                # some virtuals don't have a package
-                tests = []
+                # Some virtuals don't have a package so we don't want to report
+                # them as not having tests when that isn't appropriate.
+                continue
 
             if len(tests) == 0:
                 tester.status(spec.name, TestStatus.NO_TESTS)
@@ -682,7 +726,7 @@ def process_test_parts(pkg: Pb, test_specs: List[spack.spec.Spec], verbose: bool
 
     finally:
         if tester.ran_tests():
-            fs.touch(tester.tested_file)
+            tester.write_tested_status()
 
             # log one more test message to provide a completion timestamp
             # for CDash reporting
@@ -889,20 +933,15 @@ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
                 if remove_directory:
                     shutil.rmtree(test_dir)
 
-                tested = os.path.exists(self.tested_file_for_spec(spec))
-                if tested:
-                    status = TestStatus.PASSED
-                else:
-                    self.ensure_stage()
-                    if spec.external and not externals:
-                        status = TestStatus.SKIPPED
-                    elif not spec.installed:
-                        status = TestStatus.SKIPPED
-                    else:
-                        status = TestStatus.NO_TESTS
+                status = self.test_status(spec, externals)
                 self.counts[status] += 1
-
                 self.write_test_result(spec, status)
+
+            except SkipTest:
+                status = TestStatus.SKIPPED
+                self.counts[status] += 1
+                self.write_test_result(spec, TestStatus.SKIPPED)
+
             except BaseException as exc:
                 status = TestStatus.FAILED
                 self.counts[status] += 1
@@ -939,6 +978,31 @@ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if failures:
             raise TestSuiteFailure(failures)
 
+    def test_status(self, spec: spack.spec.Spec, externals: bool) -> Optional[TestStatus]:
+        """Determine the overall test results status for the spec.
+
+        Args:
+            spec: instance of the spec under test
+            externals: ``True`` if externals are to be tested, else ``False``
+
+        Returns:
+            the spec's test status if available or ``None``
+        """
+        tests_status_file = self.tested_file_for_spec(spec)
+        if not os.path.exists(tests_status_file):
+            self.ensure_stage()
+            if spec.external and not externals:
+                status = TestStatus.SKIPPED
+            elif not spec.installed:
+                status = TestStatus.SKIPPED
+            else:
+                status = TestStatus.NO_TESTS
+            return status
+
+        with open(tests_status_file, "r") as f:
+            value = (f.read()).strip("\n")
+            return TestStatus(int(value)) if value else TestStatus.NO_TESTS
+
     def ensure_stage(self):
         """Ensure the test suite stage directory exists."""
         if not os.path.exists(self.stage):

lib/spack/spack/installer.py

@@ -231,7 +231,9 @@ def _packages_needed_to_bootstrap_compiler(compiler, architecture, pkgs):
     dep.concretize()
     # mark compiler as depended-on by the packages that use it
     for pkg in pkgs:
-        dep._dependents.add(spack.spec.DependencySpec(pkg.spec, dep, deptypes=("build",)))
+        dep._dependents.add(
+            spack.spec.DependencySpec(pkg.spec, dep, deptypes=("build",), virtuals=())
+        )
     packages = [(s.package, False) for s in dep.traverse(order="post", root=False)]
 
     packages.append((dep.package, True))

lib/spack/spack/modules/common.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.lang import dedupe
+from llnl.util.lang import dedupe, memoized
 
 import spack.build_environment
 import spack.config
@@ -170,17 +170,10 @@ def merge_config_rules(configuration, spec):
     Returns:
         dict: actions to be taken on the spec passed as an argument
     """
-
-    # Get the top-level configuration for the module type we are using
-    module_specific_configuration = copy.deepcopy(configuration)
-
-    # Construct a dictionary with the actions we need to perform on the spec
-    # passed as a parameter
-
     # The keyword 'all' is always evaluated first, all the others are
     # evaluated in order of appearance in the module file
-    spec_configuration = module_specific_configuration.pop("all", {})
-    for constraint, action in module_specific_configuration.items():
+    spec_configuration = copy.deepcopy(configuration.get("all", {}))
+    for constraint, action in configuration.items():
         if spec.satisfies(constraint):
             if hasattr(constraint, "override") and constraint.override:
                 spec_configuration = {}
@@ -200,14 +193,14 @@ def merge_config_rules(configuration, spec):
     # configuration
 
     # Hash length in module files
-    hash_length = module_specific_configuration.get("hash_length", 7)
+    hash_length = configuration.get("hash_length", 7)
     spec_configuration["hash_length"] = hash_length
 
-    verbose = module_specific_configuration.get("verbose", False)
+    verbose = configuration.get("verbose", False)
     spec_configuration["verbose"] = verbose
 
     # module defaults per-package
-    defaults = module_specific_configuration.get("defaults", [])
+    defaults = configuration.get("defaults", [])
     spec_configuration["defaults"] = defaults
 
     return spec_configuration
@@ -400,7 +393,7 @@ class BaseConfiguration(object):
     querying easier. It needs to be sub-classed for specific module types.
     """
 
-    default_projections = {"all": "{name}-{version}-{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}"}
+    default_projections = {"all": "{name}/{version}-{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}"}
 
     def __init__(self, spec, module_set_name, explicit=None):
         # Module where type(self) is defined
@@ -679,6 +672,7 @@ def configure_options(self):
         return None
 
     @tengine.context_property
+    @memoized
     def environment_modifications(self):
         """List of environment modifications to be processed."""
         # Modifications guessed by inspecting the spec prefix
@@ -749,6 +743,19 @@ def environment_modifications(self):
 
         return [(type(x).__name__, x) for x in env if x.name not in exclude]
 
+    @tengine.context_property
+    def has_manpath_modifications(self):
+        """True if MANPATH environment variable is modified."""
+        for modification_type, cmd in self.environment_modifications:
+            if not isinstance(
+                cmd, (spack.util.environment.PrependPath, spack.util.environment.AppendPath)
+            ):
+                continue
+            if cmd.name == "MANPATH":
+                return True
+        else:
+            return False
+
     @tengine.context_property
     def autoload(self):
         """List of modules that needs to be loaded automatically."""

lib/spack/spack/modules/lmod.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import itertools
 import os.path
 import posixpath
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
 
 import llnl.util.lang as lang
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def make_context(spec, module_set_name, explicit):
     return LmodContext(conf)
 
 
-def guess_core_compilers(name, store=False):
+def guess_core_compilers(name, store=False) -> List[spack.spec.CompilerSpec]:
     """Guesses the list of core compilers installed in the system.
 
     Args:
@@ -64,21 +64,19 @@ def guess_core_compilers(name, store=False):
             modules.yaml configuration file
 
     Returns:
-        List of core compilers, if found, or None
+        List of found core compilers
     """
     core_compilers = []
-    for compiler_config in spack.compilers.all_compilers_config():
+    for compiler in spack.compilers.all_compilers():
         try:
-            compiler = compiler_config["compiler"]
             # A compiler is considered to be a core compiler if any of the
             # C, C++ or Fortran compilers reside in a system directory
             is_system_compiler = any(
-                os.path.dirname(x) in spack.util.environment.SYSTEM_DIRS
-                for x in compiler["paths"].values()
-                if x is not None
+                os.path.dirname(getattr(compiler, x, "")) in spack.util.environment.SYSTEM_DIRS
+                for x in ("cc", "cxx", "f77", "fc")
             )
             if is_system_compiler:
-                core_compilers.append(str(compiler["spec"]))
+                core_compilers.append(compiler.spec)
         except (KeyError, TypeError, AttributeError):
             continue
 
@@ -89,10 +87,10 @@ def guess_core_compilers(name, store=False):
         modules_cfg = spack.config.get(
             "modules:" + name, {}, scope=spack.config.default_modify_scope()
         )
-        modules_cfg.setdefault("lmod", {})["core_compilers"] = core_compilers
+        modules_cfg.setdefault("lmod", {})["core_compilers"] = [str(x) for x in core_compilers]
         spack.config.set("modules:" + name, modules_cfg, scope=spack.config.default_modify_scope())
 
-    return core_compilers or None
+    return core_compilers
 
 
 class LmodConfiguration(BaseConfiguration):
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ class LmodConfiguration(BaseConfiguration):
     default_projections = {"all": posixpath.join("{name}", "{version}")}
 
     @property
-    def core_compilers(self):
+    def core_compilers(self) -> List[spack.spec.CompilerSpec]:
         """Returns the list of "Core" compilers
 
         Raises:
@@ -112,14 +110,18 @@ def core_compilers(self):
                 specified in the configuration file or the sequence
                 is empty
         """
-        value = configuration(self.name).get("core_compilers") or guess_core_compilers(
-            self.name, store=True
-        )
+        compilers = [
+            spack.spec.CompilerSpec(c) for c in configuration(self.name).get("core_compilers", [])
+        ]
 
-        if not value:
+        if not compilers:
+            compilers = guess_core_compilers(self.name, store=True)
+
+        if not compilers:
             msg = 'the key "core_compilers" must be set in modules.yaml'
             raise CoreCompilersNotFoundError(msg)
-        return value
+
+        return compilers
 
     @property
     def core_specs(self):
@@ -132,6 +134,7 @@ def filter_hierarchy_specs(self):
         return configuration(self.name).get("filter_hierarchy_specs", {})
 
     @property
+    @lang.memoized
     def hierarchy_tokens(self):
         """Returns the list of tokens that are part of the modulefile
         hierarchy. 'compiler' is always present.
@@ -156,6 +159,7 @@ def hierarchy_tokens(self):
         return tokens
 
     @property
+    @lang.memoized
     def requires(self):
         """Returns a dictionary mapping all the requirements of this spec
         to the actual provider. 'compiler' is always present among the
@@ -222,6 +226,7 @@ def available(self):
         return available
 
     @property
+    @lang.memoized
     def missing(self):
         """Returns the list of tokens that are not available."""
         return [x for x in self.hierarchy_tokens if x not in self.available]
@@ -283,16 +288,18 @@ def token_to_path(self, name, value):
 
         # If we are dealing with a core compiler, return 'Core'
         core_compilers = self.conf.core_compilers
-        if name == "compiler" and str(value) in core_compilers:
+        if name == "compiler" and any(
+            spack.spec.CompilerSpec(value).satisfies(c) for c in core_compilers
+        ):
             return "Core"
 
-        # CompilerSpec does not have an hash, as we are not allowed to
+        # CompilerSpec does not have a hash, as we are not allowed to
         # use different flavors of the same compiler
         if name == "compiler":
             return path_part_fmt.format(token=value)
 
         # In case the hierarchy token refers to a virtual provider
-        # we need to append an hash to the version to distinguish
+        # we need to append a hash to the version to distinguish
         # among flavors of the same library (e.g. openblas~openmp vs.
         # openblas+openmp)
         path = path_part_fmt.format(token=value)
@@ -313,6 +320,7 @@ def available_path_parts(self):
         return parts
 
     @property
+    @lang.memoized
     def unlocked_paths(self):
         """Returns a dictionary mapping conditions to a list of unlocked
         paths.
@@ -424,6 +432,7 @@ def missing(self):
         return self.conf.missing
 
     @tengine.context_property
+    @lang.memoized
     def unlocked_paths(self):
         """Returns the list of paths that are unlocked unconditionally."""
         layout = make_layout(self.spec, self.conf.name, self.conf.explicit)

lib/spack/spack/package.py

@@ -108,6 +108,5 @@
 # These are just here for editor support; they will be replaced when the build env
 # is set up.
 make = MakeExecutable("make", jobs=1)
-gmake = MakeExecutable("gmake", jobs=1)
 ninja = MakeExecutable("ninja", jobs=1)
 configure = Executable(join_path(".", "configure"))

lib/spack/spack/package_base.py

@@ -1231,6 +1231,7 @@ def dependencies_of_type(cls, *deptypes):
             if any(dt in cls.dependencies[name][cond].type for cond in conds for dt in deptypes)
         )
 
+    # TODO: allow more than one active extendee.
     @property
     def extendee_spec(self):
         """
@@ -1246,7 +1247,6 @@ def extendee_spec(self):
             if dep.name in self.extendees:
                 deps.append(dep)
 
-        # TODO: allow more than one active extendee.
         if deps:
             assert len(deps) == 1
             return deps[0]
@@ -1256,7 +1256,6 @@ def extendee_spec(self):
         if self.spec._concrete:
             return None
         else:
-            # TODO: do something sane here with more than one extendee
             # If it's not concrete, then return the spec from the
             # extends() directive since that is all we know so far.
             spec_str, kwargs = next(iter(self.extendees.items()))
@@ -2017,7 +2016,8 @@ def test_title(purpose, test_name):
                     # stack instead of from traceback.
                     # The traceback is truncated here, so we can't use it to
                     # traverse the stack.
-                    m = "\n".join(spack.build_environment.get_package_context(tb))
+                    context = spack.build_environment.get_package_context(tb)
+                    m = "\n".join(context) if context else ""
 
                 exc = e  # e is deleted after this block
 

lib/spack/spack/parser.py

@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def next_spec(
                 if root_spec.concrete:
                     raise spack.spec.RedundantSpecError(root_spec, "^" + str(dependency))
 
-                root_spec._add_dependency(dependency, deptypes=())
+                root_spec._add_dependency(dependency, deptypes=(), virtuals=())
 
             else:
                 break

lib/spack/spack/platforms/cray.py

@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@
 
 
 def slingshot_network():
-    return os.path.exists("/opt/cray/pe") and os.path.exists("/lib64/libcxi.so")
+    return os.path.exists("/opt/cray/pe") and (
+        os.path.exists("/lib64/libcxi.so") or os.path.exists("/usr/lib64/libcxi.so")
+    )
 
 
 def _target_name_from_craype_target_name(name):

lib/spack/spack/provider_index.py

@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ def from_json(stream, repository):
         index.providers = _transform(
             providers,
             lambda vpkg, plist: (
-                spack.spec.SpecfileV3.from_node_dict(vpkg),
-                set(spack.spec.SpecfileV3.from_node_dict(p) for p in plist),
+                spack.spec.SpecfileV4.from_node_dict(vpkg),
+                set(spack.spec.SpecfileV4.from_node_dict(p) for p in plist),
             ),
         )
         return index

lib/spack/spack/relocate.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import itertools
 import os
 import re
-import shutil
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 import macholib.mach_o
@@ -356,13 +355,7 @@ def _set_elf_rpaths(target, rpaths):
     # Join the paths using ':' as a separator
     rpaths_str = ":".join(rpaths)
 
-    # If we're relocating patchelf itself, make a copy and use it
-    bak_path = None
-    if target.endswith("/bin/patchelf"):
-        bak_path = target + ".bak"
-        shutil.copy(target, bak_path)
-
-    patchelf, output = executable.Executable(bak_path or _patchelf()), None
+    patchelf, output = executable.Executable(_patchelf()), None
     try:
         # TODO: revisit the use of --force-rpath as it might be conditional
         # TODO: if we want to support setting RUNPATH from binary packages
@@ -371,9 +364,6 @@ def _set_elf_rpaths(target, rpaths):
     except executable.ProcessError as e:
         msg = "patchelf --force-rpath --set-rpath {0} failed with error {1}"
         tty.warn(msg.format(target, e))
-    finally:
-        if bak_path and os.path.exists(bak_path):
-            os.remove(bak_path)
     return output
 
 

lib/spack/spack/repo.py

@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ def get_pkg_class(self, pkg_name):
         try:
             module = importlib.import_module(fullname)
         except ImportError:
-            raise UnknownPackageError(pkg_name)
+            raise UnknownPackageError(fullname)
         except Exception as e:
             msg = f"cannot load package '{pkg_name}' from the '{self.namespace}' repository: {e}"
             raise RepoError(msg) from e

lib/spack/spack/schema/ci.py

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def update(data):
     # Warn if deprecated section is still in the environment
     ci_env = ev.active_environment()
     if ci_env:
-        env_config = ev.config_dict(ci_env.manifest)
+        env_config = ci_env.manifest[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
         if "gitlab-ci" in env_config:
             tty.die("Error: `gitlab-ci` section detected with `ci`, these are not compatible")
 

lib/spack/spack/schema/env.py

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 import spack.schema.packages
 import spack.schema.projections
 
-#: legal first keys in the schema
-keys = ("spack", "env")
+#: Top level key in a manifest file
+TOP_LEVEL_KEY = "spack"
 
 spec_list_schema = {
     "type": "array",
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@
     "title": "Spack environment file schema",
     "type": "object",
     "additionalProperties": False,
-    "patternProperties": {
-        "^env|spack$": {
+    "properties": {
+        "spack": {
             "type": "object",
             "default": {},
             "additionalProperties": False,

lib/spack/spack/solver/asp.py

@@ -861,9 +861,9 @@ class SpackSolverSetup(object):
     def __init__(self, tests=False):
         self.gen = None  # set by setup()
 
-        self.declared_versions = {}
-        self.possible_versions = {}
-        self.deprecated_versions = {}
+        self.declared_versions = collections.defaultdict(list)
+        self.possible_versions = collections.defaultdict(set)
+        self.deprecated_versions = collections.defaultdict(set)
 
         self.possible_virtuals = None
         self.possible_compilers = []
@@ -1669,9 +1669,34 @@ class Body(object):
                         if concrete_build_deps or dtype != "build":
                             clauses.append(fn.attr("depends_on", spec.name, dep.name, dtype))
 
-                            # Ensure Spack will not coconcretize this with another provider
-                            # for the same virtual
-                            for virtual in dep.package.virtuals_provided:
+                            # TODO: We have to look up info from package.py here, but we'd
+                            # TODO: like to avoid this entirely. We should not need to look
+                            # TODO: up potentially wrong info if we have virtual edge info.
+                            try:
+                                try:
+                                    pkg = dep.package
+
+                                except spack.repo.UnknownNamespaceError:
+                                    # Try to look up the package of the same name and use its
+                                    # providers. This is as good as we can do without edge info.
+                                    pkg_class = spack.repo.path.get_pkg_class(dep.name)
+                                    spec = spack.spec.Spec(f"{dep.name}@{dep.version}")
+                                    pkg = pkg_class(spec)
+
+                                virtuals = pkg.virtuals_provided
+
+                            except spack.repo.UnknownPackageError:
+                                # Skip virtual node constriants for renamed/deleted packages,
+                                # so their binaries can still be installed.
+                                # NOTE: with current specs (which lack edge attributes) this
+                                # can allow concretizations with two providers, but it's unlikely.
+                                continue
+
+                            # Don't concretize with two providers of the same virtual.
+                            # See above for exception for unknown packages.
+                            # TODO: we will eventually record provider information on edges,
+                            # TODO: which avoids the need for the package lookup above.
+                            for virtual in virtuals:
                                 clauses.append(fn.attr("virtual_node", virtual.name))
                                 clauses.append(fn.provider(dep.name, virtual.name))
 
@@ -1697,10 +1722,6 @@ class Body(object):
 
     def build_version_dict(self, possible_pkgs):
         """Declare any versions in specs not declared in packages."""
-        self.declared_versions = collections.defaultdict(list)
-        self.possible_versions = collections.defaultdict(set)
-        self.deprecated_versions = collections.defaultdict(set)
-
         packages_yaml = spack.config.get("packages")
         packages_yaml = _normalize_packages_yaml(packages_yaml)
         for pkg_name in possible_pkgs:
@@ -1734,13 +1755,47 @@ def key_fn(item):
             # All the preferred version from packages.yaml, versions in external
             # specs will be computed later
             version_preferences = packages_yaml.get(pkg_name, {}).get("version", [])
-            for idx, v in enumerate(version_preferences):
-                # v can be a string so force it into an actual version for comparisons
-                ver = vn.Version(v)
+            version_defs = []
+            pkg_class = spack.repo.path.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
+            for vstr in version_preferences:
+                v = vn.ver(vstr)
+                if isinstance(v, vn.GitVersion):
+                    version_defs.append(v)
+                else:
+                    satisfying_versions = self._check_for_defined_matching_versions(pkg_class, v)
+                    # Amongst all defined versions satisfying this specific
+                    # preference, the highest-numbered version is the
+                    # most-preferred: therefore sort satisfying versions
+                    # from greatest to least
+                    version_defs.extend(sorted(satisfying_versions, reverse=True))
+
+            for weight, vdef in enumerate(llnl.util.lang.dedupe(version_defs)):
                 self.declared_versions[pkg_name].append(
-                    DeclaredVersion(version=ver, idx=idx, origin=Provenance.PACKAGES_YAML)
+                    DeclaredVersion(version=vdef, idx=weight, origin=Provenance.PACKAGES_YAML)
                 )
-                self.possible_versions[pkg_name].add(ver)
+                self.possible_versions[pkg_name].add(vdef)
+
+    def _check_for_defined_matching_versions(self, pkg_class, v):
+        """Given a version specification (which may be a concrete version,
+        range, etc.), determine if any package.py version declarations
+        or externals define a version which satisfies it.
+
+        This is primarily for determining whether a version request (e.g.
+        version preferences, which should not themselves define versions)
+        refers to a defined version.
+
+        This function raises an exception if no satisfying versions are
+        found.
+        """
+        pkg_name = pkg_class.name
+        satisfying_versions = list(x for x in pkg_class.versions if x.satisfies(v))
+        satisfying_versions.extend(x for x in self.possible_versions[pkg_name] if x.satisfies(v))
+        if not satisfying_versions:
+            raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+                "Preference for version {0} does not match any version"
+                " defined for {1} (in its package.py or any external)".format(str(v), pkg_name)
+            )
+        return satisfying_versions
 
     def add_concrete_versions_from_specs(self, specs, origin):
         """Add concrete versions to possible versions from lists of CLI/dev specs."""
@@ -2173,14 +2228,6 @@ def setup(self, driver, specs, reuse=None):
         # get possible compilers
         self.possible_compilers = self.generate_possible_compilers(specs)
 
-        # traverse all specs and packages to build dict of possible versions
-        self.build_version_dict(possible)
-        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(specs, Provenance.SPEC)
-        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(dev_specs, Provenance.DEV_SPEC)
-
-        req_version_specs = _get_versioned_specs_from_pkg_requirements()
-        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(req_version_specs, Provenance.PACKAGE_REQUIREMENT)
-
         self.gen.h1("Concrete input spec definitions")
         self.define_concrete_input_specs(specs, possible)
 
@@ -2208,6 +2255,14 @@ def setup(self, driver, specs, reuse=None):
         self.provider_requirements()
         self.external_packages()
 
+        # traverse all specs and packages to build dict of possible versions
+        self.build_version_dict(possible)
+        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(specs, Provenance.SPEC)
+        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(dev_specs, Provenance.DEV_SPEC)
+
+        req_version_specs = self._get_versioned_specs_from_pkg_requirements()
+        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(req_version_specs, Provenance.PACKAGE_REQUIREMENT)
+
         self.gen.h1("Package Constraints")
         for pkg in sorted(self.pkgs):
             self.gen.h2("Package rules: %s" % pkg)
@@ -2254,55 +2309,78 @@ def literal_specs(self, specs):
         if self.concretize_everything:
             self.gen.fact(fn.concretize_everything())
 
+    def _get_versioned_specs_from_pkg_requirements(self):
+        """If package requirements mention versions that are not mentioned
+        elsewhere, then we need to collect those to mark them as possible
+        versions.
+        """
+        req_version_specs = list()
+        config = spack.config.get("packages")
+        for pkg_name, d in config.items():
+            if pkg_name == "all":
+                continue
+            if "require" in d:
+                req_version_specs.extend(self._specs_from_requires(pkg_name, d["require"]))
+        return req_version_specs
 
-def _get_versioned_specs_from_pkg_requirements():
-    """If package requirements mention versions that are not mentioned
-    elsewhere, then we need to collect those to mark them as possible
-    versions.
-    """
-    req_version_specs = list()
-    config = spack.config.get("packages")
-    for pkg_name, d in config.items():
-        if pkg_name == "all":
-            continue
-        if "require" in d:
-            req_version_specs.extend(_specs_from_requires(pkg_name, d["require"]))
-    return req_version_specs
-
-
-def _specs_from_requires(pkg_name, section):
-    if isinstance(section, str):
-        spec = spack.spec.Spec(section)
-        if not spec.name:
-            spec.name = pkg_name
-        extracted_specs = [spec]
-    else:
-        spec_strs = []
-        for spec_group in section:
-            if isinstance(spec_group, str):
-                spec_strs.append(spec_group)
-            else:
-                # Otherwise it is an object. The object can contain a single
-                # "spec" constraint, or a list of them with "any_of" or
-                # "one_of" policy.
-                if "spec" in spec_group:
-                    new_constraints = [spec_group["spec"]]
-                else:
-                    key = "one_of" if "one_of" in spec_group else "any_of"
-                    new_constraints = spec_group[key]
-                spec_strs.extend(new_constraints)
-
-        extracted_specs = []
-        for spec_str in spec_strs:
-            spec = spack.spec.Spec(spec_str)
+    def _specs_from_requires(self, pkg_name, section):
+        """Collect specs from requirements which define versions (i.e. those that
+        have a concrete version). Requirements can define *new* versions if
+        they are included as part of an equivalence (hash=number) but not
+        otherwise.
+        """
+        if isinstance(section, str):
+            spec = spack.spec.Spec(section)
             if not spec.name:
                 spec.name = pkg_name
-            extracted_specs.append(spec)
+            extracted_specs = [spec]
+        else:
+            spec_strs = []
+            for spec_group in section:
+                if isinstance(spec_group, str):
+                    spec_strs.append(spec_group)
+                else:
+                    # Otherwise it is an object. The object can contain a single
+                    # "spec" constraint, or a list of them with "any_of" or
+                    # "one_of" policy.
+                    if "spec" in spec_group:
+                        new_constraints = [spec_group["spec"]]
+                    else:
+                        key = "one_of" if "one_of" in spec_group else "any_of"
+                        new_constraints = spec_group[key]
+                    spec_strs.extend(new_constraints)
 
-    version_specs = [x for x in extracted_specs if x.versions.concrete]
-    for spec in version_specs:
-        spec.attach_git_version_lookup()
-    return version_specs
+            extracted_specs = []
+            for spec_str in spec_strs:
+                spec = spack.spec.Spec(spec_str)
+                if not spec.name:
+                    spec.name = pkg_name
+                extracted_specs.append(spec)
+
+        version_specs = []
+        for spec in extracted_specs:
+            if spec.versions.concrete:
+                # Note: this includes git versions
+                version_specs.append(spec)
+                continue
+
+            # Prefer spec's name if it exists, in case the spec is
+            # requiring a specific implementation inside of a virtual section
+            # e.g. packages:mpi:require:openmpi@4.0.1
+            pkg_class = spack.repo.path.get_pkg_class(spec.name or pkg_name)
+            satisfying_versions = self._check_for_defined_matching_versions(
+                pkg_class, spec.versions
+            )
+
+            # Version ranges ("@1.3" without the "=", "@1.2:1.4") and lists
+            # will end up here
+            ordered_satisfying_versions = sorted(satisfying_versions, reverse=True)
+            vspecs = list(spack.spec.Spec("@{0}".format(x)) for x in ordered_satisfying_versions)
+            version_specs.extend(vspecs)
+
+        for spec in version_specs:
+            spec.attach_git_version_lookup()
+        return version_specs
 
 
 class SpecBuilder(object):
@@ -2422,10 +2500,15 @@ def depends_on(self, pkg, dep, type):
         assert len(dependencies) < 2, msg
 
         if not dependencies:
-            self._specs[pkg].add_dependency_edge(self._specs[dep], deptypes=(type,))
+            self._specs[pkg].add_dependency_edge(self._specs[dep], deptypes=(type,), virtuals=())
         else:
             # TODO: This assumes that each solve unifies dependencies
-            dependencies[0].add_type(type)
+            dependencies[0].update_deptypes(deptypes=(type,))
+
+    def virtual_on_edge(self, pkg, provider, virtual):
+        dependencies = self._specs[pkg].edges_to_dependencies(name=provider)
+        assert len(dependencies) == 1
+        dependencies[0].update_virtuals((virtual,))
 
     def reorder_flags(self):
         """Order compiler flags on specs in predefined order.
@@ -2503,6 +2586,8 @@ def sort_fn(function_tuple):
             return (-2, 0)
         elif name == "external_spec_selected":
             return (0, 0)  # note out of order so this goes last
+        elif name == "virtual_on_edge":
+            return (1, 0)
         else:
             return (-1, 0)
 
@@ -2758,12 +2843,13 @@ class InternalConcretizerError(spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, provided, conflicts):
-        indented = ["  %s\n" % conflict for conflict in conflicts]
-        error_msg = "".join(indented)
-        msg = "Spack concretizer internal error. Please submit a bug report"
-        msg += "\n    Please include the command, environment if applicable,"
-        msg += "\n    and the following error message."
-        msg = "\n        %s is unsatisfiable, errors are:\n%s" % (provided, error_msg)
+        msg = (
+            "Spack concretizer internal error. Please submit a bug report and include the "
+            "command, environment if applicable and the following error message."
+            f"\n    {provided} is unsatisfiable, errors are:"
+        )
+
+        msg += "".join([f"\n    {conflict}" for conflict in conflicts])
 
         super(spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError, self).__init__(msg)
 

lib/spack/spack/solver/concretize.lp

@@ -300,6 +300,11 @@ attr("depends_on", Package, Provider, Type)
      provider(Provider, Virtual),
      not external(Package).
 
+attr("virtual_on_edge", Package, Provider, Virtual)
+  :- dependency_holds(Package, Virtual, Type),
+     provider(Provider, Virtual),
+     not external(Package).
+
 % dependencies on virtuals also imply that the virtual is a virtual node
 attr("virtual_node", Virtual)
   :- dependency_holds(Package, Virtual, Type),

lib/spack/spack/spec.py

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
 )
 
 #: specfile format version. Must increase monotonically
-SPECFILE_FORMAT_VERSION = 3
+SPECFILE_FORMAT_VERSION = 4
 
 
 def colorize_spec(spec):
@@ -679,6 +679,16 @@ def from_dict(d):
         d = d["compiler"]
         return CompilerSpec(d["name"], vn.VersionList.from_dict(d))
 
+    @property
+    def display_str(self):
+        """Equivalent to {compiler.name}{@compiler.version} for Specs, without extra
+        @= for readability."""
+        if self.concrete:
+            return f"{self.name}@{self.version}"
+        elif self.versions != vn.any_version:
+            return f"{self.name}@{self.versions}"
+        return self.name
+
     def __str__(self):
         out = self.name
         if self.versions and self.versions != vn.any_version:
@@ -704,47 +714,81 @@ class DependencySpec:
         parent: starting node of the edge
         spec: ending node of the edge.
         deptypes: list of strings, representing dependency relationships.
+        virtuals: virtual packages provided from child to parent node.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = "parent", "spec", "deptypes"
+    __slots__ = "parent", "spec", "parameters"
 
-    def __init__(self, parent: "Spec", spec: "Spec", *, deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        parent: "Spec",
+        spec: "Spec",
+        *,
+        deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument,
+        virtuals: Tuple[str, ...],
+    ):
         self.parent = parent
         self.spec = spec
-        self.deptypes = dp.canonical_deptype(deptypes)
+        self.parameters = {
+            "deptypes": dp.canonical_deptype(deptypes),
+            "virtuals": tuple(sorted(set(virtuals))),
+        }
 
-    def update_deptypes(self, deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument) -> bool:
-        deptypes = set(deptypes)
-        deptypes.update(self.deptypes)
-        deptypes = tuple(sorted(deptypes))
-        changed = self.deptypes != deptypes
+    @property
+    def deptypes(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+        return self.parameters["deptypes"]
 
-        self.deptypes = deptypes
-        return changed
+    @property
+    def virtuals(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+        return self.parameters["virtuals"]
+
+    def _update_edge_multivalued_property(
+        self, property_name: str, value: Tuple[str, ...]
+    ) -> bool:
+        current = self.parameters[property_name]
+        update = set(current) | set(value)
+        update = tuple(sorted(update))
+        changed = current != update
+
+        if not changed:
+            return False
+
+        self.parameters[property_name] = update
+        return True
+
+    def update_deptypes(self, deptypes: Tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
+        """Update the current dependency types"""
+        return self._update_edge_multivalued_property("deptypes", deptypes)
+
+    def update_virtuals(self, virtuals: Tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
+        """Update the list of provided virtuals"""
+        return self._update_edge_multivalued_property("virtuals", virtuals)
 
     def copy(self) -> "DependencySpec":
-        return DependencySpec(self.parent, self.spec, deptypes=self.deptypes)
-
-    def add_type(self, type: dp.DependencyArgument):
-        self.deptypes = dp.canonical_deptype(self.deptypes + dp.canonical_deptype(type))
+        """Return a copy of this edge"""
+        return DependencySpec(
+            self.parent, self.spec, deptypes=self.deptypes, virtuals=self.virtuals
+        )
 
     def _cmp_iter(self):
         yield self.parent.name if self.parent else None
         yield self.spec.name if self.spec else None
         yield self.deptypes
+        yield self.virtuals
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return "%s %s--> %s" % (
-            self.parent.name if self.parent else None,
-            self.deptypes,
-            self.spec.name if self.spec else None,
-        )
+        parent = self.parent.name if self.parent else None
+        child = self.spec.name if self.spec else None
+        return f"{parent} {self.deptypes}[virtuals={','.join(self.virtuals)}] --> {child}"
 
-    def canonical(self) -> Tuple[str, str, Tuple[str, ...]]:
-        return self.parent.dag_hash(), self.spec.dag_hash(), self.deptypes
+    def canonical(self) -> Tuple[str, str, Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]]:
+        return self.parent.dag_hash(), self.spec.dag_hash(), self.deptypes, self.virtuals
 
     def flip(self) -> "DependencySpec":
-        return DependencySpec(parent=self.spec, spec=self.parent, deptypes=self.deptypes)
+        """Flip the dependency, and drop virtual information"""
+        return DependencySpec(
+            parent=self.spec, spec=self.parent, deptypes=self.deptypes, virtuals=()
+        )
 
 
 class CompilerFlag(str):
@@ -1565,10 +1609,12 @@ def _set_compiler(self, compiler):
             )
         self.compiler = compiler
 
-    def _add_dependency(self, spec: "Spec", *, deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument):
+    def _add_dependency(
+        self, spec: "Spec", *, deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument, virtuals: Tuple[str, ...]
+    ):
         """Called by the parser to add another spec as a dependency."""
         if spec.name not in self._dependencies or not spec.name:
-            self.add_dependency_edge(spec, deptypes=deptypes)
+            self.add_dependency_edge(spec, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals)
             return
 
         # Keep the intersection of constraints when a dependency is added
@@ -1586,34 +1632,58 @@ def _add_dependency(self, spec: "Spec", *, deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument):
                 "Cannot depend on incompatible specs '%s' and '%s'" % (dspec.spec, spec)
             )
 
-    def add_dependency_edge(self, dependency_spec: "Spec", *, deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument):
+    def add_dependency_edge(
+        self,
+        dependency_spec: "Spec",
+        *,
+        deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument,
+        virtuals: Tuple[str, ...],
+    ):
         """Add a dependency edge to this spec.
 
         Args:
             dependency_spec: spec of the dependency
             deptypes: dependency types for this edge
+            virtuals: virtuals provided by this edge
         """
         deptypes = dp.canonical_deptype(deptypes)
 
         # Check if we need to update edges that are already present
         selected = self._dependencies.select(child=dependency_spec.name)
         for edge in selected:
+            has_errors, details = False, []
+            msg = f"cannot update the edge from {edge.parent.name} to {edge.spec.name}"
             if any(d in edge.deptypes for d in deptypes):
-                msg = (
-                    'cannot add a dependency on "{0.spec}" of {1} type '
-                    'when the "{0.parent}" has the edge {0!s} already'
+                has_errors = True
+                details.append(
+                    (
+                        f"{edge.parent.name} has already an edge matching any"
+                        f" of these types {str(deptypes)}"
+                    )
                 )
-                raise spack.error.SpecError(msg.format(edge, deptypes))
+
+            if any(v in edge.virtuals for v in virtuals):
+                has_errors = True
+                details.append(
+                    (
+                        f"{edge.parent.name} has already an edge matching any"
+                        f" of these virtuals {str(virtuals)}"
+                    )
+                )
+
+            if has_errors:
+                raise spack.error.SpecError(msg, "\n".join(details))
 
         for edge in selected:
             if id(dependency_spec) == id(edge.spec):
                 # If we are here, it means the edge object was previously added to
                 # both the parent and the child. When we update this object they'll
                 # both see the deptype modification.
-                edge.add_type(deptypes)
+                edge.update_deptypes(deptypes=deptypes)
+                edge.update_virtuals(virtuals=virtuals)
                 return
 
-        edge = DependencySpec(self, dependency_spec, deptypes=deptypes)
+        edge = DependencySpec(self, dependency_spec, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals)
         self._dependencies.add(edge)
         dependency_spec._dependents.add(edge)
 
@@ -1730,14 +1800,14 @@ def traverse_edges(self, **kwargs):
     def short_spec(self):
         """Returns a version of the spec with the dependencies hashed
         instead of completely enumerated."""
-        spec_format = "{name}{@version}{%compiler}"
+        spec_format = "{name}{@version}{%compiler.name}{@compiler.version}"
         spec_format += "{variants}{arch=architecture}{/hash:7}"
         return self.format(spec_format)
 
     @property
     def cshort_spec(self):
         """Returns an auto-colorized version of ``self.short_spec``."""
-        spec_format = "{name}{@version}{%compiler}"
+        spec_format = "{name}{@version}{%compiler.name}{@compiler.version}"
         spec_format += "{variants}{arch=architecture}{/hash:7}"
         return self.cformat(spec_format)
 
@@ -1886,12 +1956,12 @@ def lookup_hash(self):
         for node in self.traverse(root=False):
             if node.abstract_hash:
                 new = node._lookup_hash()
-                spec._add_dependency(new, deptypes=())
+                spec._add_dependency(new, deptypes=(), virtuals=())
 
         # reattach nodes that were not otherwise satisfied by new dependencies
         for node in self.traverse(root=False):
             if not any(n._satisfies(node) for n in spec.traverse()):
-                spec._add_dependency(node.copy(), deptypes=())
+                spec._add_dependency(node.copy(), deptypes=(), virtuals=())
 
         return spec
 
@@ -2026,8 +2096,14 @@ def to_node_dict(self, hash=ht.dag_hash):
                 name_tuple = ("name", name)
                 for dspec in edges_for_name:
                     hash_tuple = (hash.name, dspec.spec._cached_hash(hash))
-                    type_tuple = ("type", sorted(str(s) for s in dspec.deptypes))
-                    deps_list.append(syaml.syaml_dict([name_tuple, hash_tuple, type_tuple]))
+                    parameters_tuple = (
+                        "parameters",
+                        syaml.syaml_dict(
+                            (key, dspec.parameters[key]) for key in sorted(dspec.parameters)
+                        ),
+                    )
+                    ordered_entries = [name_tuple, hash_tuple, parameters_tuple]
+                    deps_list.append(syaml.syaml_dict(ordered_entries))
             d["dependencies"] = deps_list
 
         # Name is included in case this is replacing a virtual.
@@ -2351,7 +2427,7 @@ def spec_and_dependency_types(s):
                     dag_node, dependency_types = spec_and_dependency_types(s)
 
                 dependency_spec = spec_builder({dag_node: s_dependencies})
-                spec._add_dependency(dependency_spec, deptypes=dependency_types)
+                spec._add_dependency(dependency_spec, deptypes=dependency_types, virtuals=())
 
             return spec
 
@@ -2369,8 +2445,10 @@ def from_dict(data):
             spec = SpecfileV1.load(data)
         elif int(data["spec"]["_meta"]["version"]) == 2:
             spec = SpecfileV2.load(data)
-        else:
+        elif int(data["spec"]["_meta"]["version"]) == 3:
             spec = SpecfileV3.load(data)
+        else:
+            spec = SpecfileV4.load(data)
 
         # Any git version should
         for s in spec.traverse():
@@ -2519,6 +2597,7 @@ def _concretize_helper(self, concretizer, presets=None, visited=None):
     def _replace_with(self, concrete):
         """Replace this virtual spec with a concrete spec."""
         assert self.virtual
+        virtuals = (self.name,)
         for dep_spec in itertools.chain.from_iterable(self._dependents.values()):
             dependent = dep_spec.parent
             deptypes = dep_spec.deptypes
@@ -2529,7 +2608,11 @@ def _replace_with(self, concrete):
 
             # add the replacement, unless it is already a dep of dependent.
             if concrete.name not in dependent._dependencies:
-                dependent._add_dependency(concrete, deptypes=deptypes)
+                dependent._add_dependency(concrete, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals)
+            else:
+                dependent.edges_to_dependencies(name=concrete.name)[0].update_virtuals(
+                    virtuals=virtuals
+                )
 
     def _expand_virtual_packages(self, concretizer):
         """Find virtual packages in this spec, replace them with providers,
@@ -2789,11 +2872,11 @@ def inject_patches_variant(root):
         # Also record all patches required on dependencies by
         # depends_on(..., patch=...)
         for dspec in root.traverse_edges(deptype=all, cover="edges", root=False):
-            pkg_deps = dspec.parent.package_class.dependencies
-            if dspec.spec.name not in pkg_deps:
+            if dspec.spec.concrete:
                 continue
 
-            if dspec.spec.concrete:
+            pkg_deps = dspec.parent.package_class.dependencies
+            if dspec.spec.name not in pkg_deps:
                 continue
 
             patches = []
@@ -3170,7 +3253,9 @@ def _merge_dependency(self, dependency, visited, spec_deps, provider_index, test
 
         # If it's a virtual dependency, try to find an existing
         # provider in the spec, and merge that.
+        virtuals = ()
         if spack.repo.path.is_virtual_safe(dep.name):
+            virtuals = (dep.name,)
             visited.add(dep.name)
             provider = self._find_provider(dep, provider_index)
             if provider:
@@ -3226,7 +3311,7 @@ def _merge_dependency(self, dependency, visited, spec_deps, provider_index, test
         # Add merged spec to my deps and recurse
         spec_dependency = spec_deps[dep.name]
         if dep.name not in self._dependencies:
-            self._add_dependency(spec_dependency, deptypes=dependency.type)
+            self._add_dependency(spec_dependency, deptypes=dependency.type, virtuals=virtuals)
 
         changed |= spec_dependency._normalize_helper(visited, spec_deps, provider_index, tests)
         return changed
@@ -3563,15 +3648,20 @@ def _constrain_dependencies(self, other):
                 changed |= edges_from_name[0].update_deptypes(
                     other._dependencies[name][0].deptypes
                 )
+                changed |= edges_from_name[0].update_virtuals(
+                    other._dependencies[name][0].virtuals
+                )
 
         # Update with additional constraints from other spec
         # operate on direct dependencies only, because a concrete dep
         # represented by hash may have structure that needs to be preserved
         for name in other.direct_dep_difference(self):
             dep_spec_copy = other._get_dependency(name)
-            dep_copy = dep_spec_copy.spec
-            deptypes = dep_spec_copy.deptypes
-            self._add_dependency(dep_copy.copy(), deptypes=deptypes)
+            self._add_dependency(
+                dep_spec_copy.spec.copy(),
+                deptypes=dep_spec_copy.deptypes,
+                virtuals=dep_spec_copy.virtuals,
+            )
             changed = True
 
         return changed
@@ -3955,7 +4045,7 @@ def spid(spec):
                 new_specs[spid(edge.spec)] = edge.spec.copy(deps=False)
 
             new_specs[spid(edge.parent)].add_dependency_edge(
-                new_specs[spid(edge.spec)], deptypes=edge.deptypes
+                new_specs[spid(edge.spec)], deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
             )
 
     def copy(self, deps=True, **kwargs):
@@ -4323,7 +4413,7 @@ def write_attribute(spec, attribute, color):
 
                     if callable(current):
                         raise SpecFormatStringError("Attempted to format callable object")
-                    if not current:
+                    if current is None:
                         # We're not printing anything
                         return
 
@@ -4625,12 +4715,16 @@ def from_self(name, transitive):
             if name in self_nodes:
                 for edge in self[name].edges_to_dependencies():
                     dep_name = deps_to_replace.get(edge.spec, edge.spec).name
-                    nodes[name].add_dependency_edge(nodes[dep_name], deptypes=edge.deptypes)
+                    nodes[name].add_dependency_edge(
+                        nodes[dep_name], deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
+                    )
                 if any(dep not in self_nodes for dep in self[name]._dependencies):
                     nodes[name].build_spec = self[name].build_spec
             else:
                 for edge in other[name].edges_to_dependencies():
-                    nodes[name].add_dependency_edge(nodes[edge.spec.name], deptypes=edge.deptypes)
+                    nodes[name].add_dependency_edge(
+                        nodes[edge.spec.name], deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
+                    )
                 if any(dep not in other_nodes for dep in other[name]._dependencies):
                     nodes[name].build_spec = other[name].build_spec
 
@@ -4720,11 +4814,40 @@ def merge_abstract_anonymous_specs(*abstract_specs: Spec):
         # Update with additional constraints from other spec
         for name in current_spec_constraint.direct_dep_difference(merged_spec):
             edge = next(iter(current_spec_constraint.edges_to_dependencies(name)))
-            merged_spec._add_dependency(edge.spec.copy(), deptypes=edge.deptypes)
+            merged_spec._add_dependency(
+                edge.spec.copy(), deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
+            )
 
     return merged_spec
 
 
+def reconstruct_virtuals_on_edges(spec):
+    """Reconstruct virtuals on edges. Used to read from old DB and reindex.
+
+    Args:
+        spec: spec on which we want to reconstruct virtuals
+    """
+    # Collect all possible virtuals
+    possible_virtuals = set()
+    for node in spec.traverse():
+        try:
+            possible_virtuals.update({x for x in node.package.dependencies if Spec(x).virtual})
+        except Exception as e:
+            warnings.warn(f"cannot reconstruct virtual dependencies on package {node.name}: {e}")
+            continue
+
+    # Assume all incoming edges to provider are marked with virtuals=
+    for vspec in possible_virtuals:
+        try:
+            provider = spec[vspec]
+        except KeyError:
+            # Virtual not in the DAG
+            continue
+
+        for edge in provider.edges_from_dependents():
+            edge.update_virtuals([vspec])
+
+
 class SpecfileReaderBase:
     @classmethod
     def from_node_dict(cls, node):
@@ -4808,7 +4931,7 @@ def _load(cls, data):
 
         # Pass 0: Determine hash type
         for node in nodes:
-            for _, _, _, dhash_type in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(node):
+            for _, _, _, dhash_type, _ in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(node):
                 any_deps = True
                 if dhash_type:
                     hash_type = dhash_type
@@ -4839,8 +4962,10 @@ def _load(cls, data):
         # Pass 2: Finish construction of all DAG edges (including build specs)
         for node_hash, node in hash_dict.items():
             node_spec = node["node_spec"]
-            for _, dhash, dtypes, _ in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(node):
-                node_spec._add_dependency(hash_dict[dhash]["node_spec"], deptypes=dtypes)
+            for _, dhash, dtypes, _, virtuals in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(node):
+                node_spec._add_dependency(
+                    hash_dict[dhash]["node_spec"], deptypes=dtypes, virtuals=virtuals
+                )
             if "build_spec" in node.keys():
                 _, bhash, _ = cls.build_spec_from_node_dict(node, hash_type=hash_type)
                 node_spec._build_spec = hash_dict[bhash]["node_spec"]
@@ -4874,9 +4999,10 @@ def load(cls, data):
         for node in nodes:
             # get dependency dict from the node.
             name, data = cls.name_and_data(node)
-            for dname, _, dtypes, _ in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(data):
-                deps[name]._add_dependency(deps[dname], deptypes=dtypes)
+            for dname, _, dtypes, _, virtuals in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(data):
+                deps[name]._add_dependency(deps[dname], deptypes=dtypes, virtuals=virtuals)
 
+        reconstruct_virtuals_on_edges(result)
         return result
 
     @classmethod
@@ -4905,18 +5031,20 @@ def read_specfile_dep_specs(cls, deps, hash_type=ht.dag_hash.name):
                     if h.name in elt:
                         dep_hash, deptypes = elt[h.name], elt["type"]
                         hash_type = h.name
+                        virtuals = []
                         break
                 else:  # We never determined a hash type...
                     raise spack.error.SpecError("Couldn't parse dependency spec.")
             else:
                 raise spack.error.SpecError("Couldn't parse dependency types in spec.")
-            yield dep_name, dep_hash, list(deptypes), hash_type
+            yield dep_name, dep_hash, list(deptypes), hash_type, list(virtuals)
 
 
 class SpecfileV2(SpecfileReaderBase):
     @classmethod
     def load(cls, data):
         result = cls._load(data)
+        reconstruct_virtuals_on_edges(result)
         return result
 
     @classmethod
@@ -4950,7 +5078,7 @@ def read_specfile_dep_specs(cls, deps, hash_type=ht.dag_hash.name):
                     raise spack.error.SpecError("Couldn't parse dependency spec.")
             else:
                 raise spack.error.SpecError("Couldn't parse dependency types in spec.")
-            result.append((dep_name, dep_hash, list(deptypes), hash_type))
+            result.append((dep_name, dep_hash, list(deptypes), hash_type, list(virtuals)))
         return result
 
     @classmethod
@@ -4970,6 +5098,20 @@ class SpecfileV3(SpecfileV2):
     pass
 
 
+class SpecfileV4(SpecfileV2):
+    @classmethod
+    def extract_info_from_dep(cls, elt, hash):
+        dep_hash = elt[hash.name]
+        deptypes = elt["parameters"]["deptypes"]
+        hash_type = hash.name
+        virtuals = elt["parameters"]["virtuals"]
+        return dep_hash, deptypes, hash_type, virtuals
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load(cls, data):
+        return cls._load(data)
+
+
 class LazySpecCache(collections.defaultdict):
     """Cache for Specs that uses a spec_like as key, and computes lazily
     the corresponding value ``Spec(spec_like``.

lib/spack/spack/tengine.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 import itertools
 import textwrap
-from typing import List
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple
 
 import llnl.util.lang
 
@@ -66,17 +66,17 @@ def to_dict(self):
         return dict(d)
 
 
-def make_environment(dirs=None):
-    """Returns an configured environment for template rendering."""
+@llnl.util.lang.memoized
+def make_environment(dirs: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = None):
+    """Returns a configured environment for template rendering."""
+    # Import at this scope to avoid slowing Spack startup down
+    import jinja2
+
     if dirs is None:
         # Default directories where to search for templates
         builtins = spack.config.get("config:template_dirs", ["$spack/share/spack/templates"])
         extensions = spack.extensions.get_template_dirs()
-        dirs = [canonicalize_path(d) for d in itertools.chain(builtins, extensions)]
-
-    # avoid importing this at the top level as it's used infrequently and
-    # slows down startup a bit.
-    import jinja2
+        dirs = tuple(canonicalize_path(d) for d in itertools.chain(builtins, extensions))
 
     # Loader for the templates
     loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(dirs)

lib/spack/spack/test/bindist.py

@@ -115,9 +115,6 @@ def default_config(tmpdir, config_directory, monkeypatch, install_mockery_mutabl
 
     spack.config.config, old_config = cfg, spack.config.config
     spack.config.config.set("repos", [spack.paths.mock_packages_path])
-    # This is essential, otherwise the cache will create weird side effects
-    # that will compromise subsequent tests if compilers.yaml is modified
-    monkeypatch.setattr(spack.compilers, "_cache_config_file", [])
     njobs = spack.config.get("config:build_jobs")
     if not njobs:
         spack.config.set("config:build_jobs", 4, scope="user")
@@ -204,12 +201,12 @@ def test_default_rpaths_create_install_default_layout(mirror_dir):
     install_cmd("--no-cache", sy_spec.name)
 
     # Create a buildache
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-au", "-d", mirror_dir, cspec.name, sy_spec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-au", mirror_dir, cspec.name, sy_spec.name)
     # Test force overwrite create buildcache (-f option)
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-auf", "-d", mirror_dir, cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-auf", mirror_dir, cspec.name)
 
     # Create mirror index
-    buildcache_cmd("update-index", "-d", mirror_dir)
+    buildcache_cmd("update-index", mirror_dir)
     # List the buildcaches in the mirror
     buildcache_cmd("list", "-alv")
 
@@ -217,13 +214,13 @@ def test_default_rpaths_create_install_default_layout(mirror_dir):
     uninstall_cmd("-y", "--dependents", gspec.name)
 
     # Test installing from build caches
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-au", cspec.name, sy_spec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-u", cspec.name, sy_spec.name)
 
     # This gives warning that spec is already installed
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-au", cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-u", cspec.name)
 
     # Test overwrite install
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-afu", cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-fu", cspec.name)
 
     buildcache_cmd("keys", "-f")
     buildcache_cmd("list")
@@ -249,35 +246,10 @@ def test_default_rpaths_install_nondefault_layout(mirror_dir):
 
     # Install some packages with dependent packages
     # test install in non-default install path scheme
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-au", cspec.name, sy_spec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-u", cspec.name, sy_spec.name)
 
     # Test force install in non-default install path scheme
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-auf", cspec.name)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.requires_executables(*args)
-@pytest.mark.maybeslow
-@pytest.mark.nomockstage
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("default_config", "cache_directory", "install_dir_default_layout")
-def test_relative_rpaths_create_default_layout(mirror_dir):
-    """
-    Test the creation and installation of buildcaches with relative
-    rpaths into the default directory layout scheme.
-    """
-
-    gspec, cspec = Spec("garply").concretized(), Spec("corge").concretized()
-
-    # Install 'corge' without using a cache
-    install_cmd("--no-cache", cspec.name)
-
-    # Create build cache with relative rpaths
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-aur", "-d", mirror_dir, cspec.name)
-
-    # Create mirror index
-    buildcache_cmd("update-index", "-d", mirror_dir)
-
-    # Uninstall the package and deps
-    uninstall_cmd("-y", "--dependents", gspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-uf", cspec.name)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.requires_executables(*args)
@@ -294,19 +266,19 @@ def test_relative_rpaths_install_default_layout(mirror_dir):
     gspec, cspec = Spec("garply").concretized(), Spec("corge").concretized()
 
     # Install buildcache created with relativized rpaths
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-auf", cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-uf", cspec.name)
 
     # This gives warning that spec is already installed
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-auf", cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-uf", cspec.name)
 
     # Uninstall the package and deps
     uninstall_cmd("-y", "--dependents", gspec.name)
 
     # Install build cache
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-auf", cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-uf", cspec.name)
 
     # Test overwrite install
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-auf", cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-uf", cspec.name)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.requires_executables(*args)
@@ -323,7 +295,7 @@ def test_relative_rpaths_install_nondefault(mirror_dir):
     cspec = Spec("corge").concretized()
 
     # Test install in non-default install path scheme and relative path
-    buildcache_cmd("install", "-auf", cspec.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("install", "-uf", cspec.name)
 
 
 def test_push_and_fetch_keys(mock_gnupghome):
@@ -404,7 +376,7 @@ def test_spec_needs_rebuild(monkeypatch, tmpdir):
     install_cmd(s.name)
 
     # Put installed package in the buildcache
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, s.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", mirror_dir.strpath, s.name)
 
     rebuild = bindist.needs_rebuild(s, mirror_url)
 
@@ -433,8 +405,8 @@ def test_generate_index_missing(monkeypatch, tmpdir, mutable_config):
     install_cmd("--no-cache", s.name)
 
     # Create a buildcache and update index
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-uad", mirror_dir.strpath, s.name)
-    buildcache_cmd("update-index", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath)
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-ua", mirror_dir.strpath, s.name)
+    buildcache_cmd("update-index", mirror_dir.strpath)
 
     # Check package and dependency in buildcache
     cache_list = buildcache_cmd("list", "--allarch")
@@ -446,7 +418,7 @@ def test_generate_index_missing(monkeypatch, tmpdir, mutable_config):
     os.remove(*libelf_files)
 
     # Update index
-    buildcache_cmd("update-index", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath)
+    buildcache_cmd("update-index", mirror_dir.strpath)
 
     with spack.config.override("config:binary_index_ttl", 0):
         # Check dependency not in buildcache
@@ -522,10 +494,10 @@ def test_update_sbang(tmpdir, test_mirror):
     install_cmd("--no-cache", old_spec.name)
 
     # Create a buildcache with the installed spec.
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-d", mirror_dir, old_spec_hash_str)
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", mirror_dir, old_spec_hash_str)
 
     # Need to force an update of the buildcache index
-    buildcache_cmd("update-index", "-d", mirror_dir)
+    buildcache_cmd("update-index", mirror_dir)
 
     # Uninstall the original package.
     uninstall_cmd("-y", old_spec_hash_str)
@@ -541,7 +513,7 @@ def test_update_sbang(tmpdir, test_mirror):
         assert new_spec.dag_hash() == old_spec.dag_hash()
 
         # Install package from buildcache
-        buildcache_cmd("install", "-a", "-u", "-f", new_spec.name)
+        buildcache_cmd("install", "-u", "-f", new_spec.name)
 
         # Continue blowing away caches
         bindist.clear_spec_cache()

lib/spack/spack/test/build_system_guess.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-import sys
-
 import pytest
 
 import spack.cmd.create
@@ -12,8 +10,6 @@
 import spack.util.executable
 import spack.util.url as url_util
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="does not run on windows")
-
 
 @pytest.fixture(
     scope="function",

lib/spack/spack/test/ci.py

@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def make_build_job(name, deps, stage, use_artifact_buildcache, optimize, use_dep
     def make_rebuild_index_job(use_artifact_buildcache, optimize, use_dependencies):
         result = {
             "stage": "stage-rebuild-index",
-            "script": "spack buildcache update-index --mirror-url s3://mirror",
+            "script": "spack buildcache update-index s3://mirror",
             "tags": ["tag-0", "tag-1"],
             "image": {"name": "spack/centos7", "entrypoint": [""]},
             "after_script": ['rm -rf "./spack"'],

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/build_env.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 import pickle
+import sys
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -39,7 +40,10 @@ def test_dump(tmpdir):
     with tmpdir.as_cwd():
         build_env("--dump", _out_file, "zlib")
         with open(_out_file) as f:
-            assert any(line.startswith("PATH=") for line in f.readlines())
+            if sys.platform == "win32":
+                assert any(line.startswith('set "PATH=') for line in f.readlines())
+            else:
+                assert any(line.startswith("PATH=") for line in f.readlines())
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("config", "mock_packages", "working_env")

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def tests_buildcache_create(install_mockery, mock_fetch, monkeypatch, tmpdir):
     pkg = "trivial-install-test-package"
     install(pkg)
 
-    buildcache("push", "-d", str(tmpdir), "--unsigned", pkg)
+    buildcache("push", "--unsigned", str(tmpdir), pkg)
 
     spec = Spec(pkg).concretized()
     tarball_path = spack.binary_distribution.tarball_path_name(spec, ".spack")
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def tests_buildcache_create_env(
         add(pkg)
         install()
 
-        buildcache("push", "-d", str(tmpdir), "--unsigned")
+        buildcache("push", "--unsigned", str(tmpdir))
 
     spec = Spec(pkg).concretized()
     tarball_path = spack.binary_distribution.tarball_path_name(spec, ".spack")
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ def test_buildcache_create_fails_on_noargs(tmpdir):
     """Ensure that buildcache create fails when given no args or
     environment."""
     with pytest.raises(spack.main.SpackCommandError):
-        buildcache("push", "-d", str(tmpdir), "--unsigned")
+        buildcache("push", "--unsigned", str(tmpdir))
 
 
 def test_buildcache_create_fail_on_perm_denied(install_mockery, mock_fetch, monkeypatch, tmpdir):
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def test_buildcache_create_fail_on_perm_denied(install_mockery, mock_fetch, monk
 
     tmpdir.chmod(0)
     with pytest.raises(OSError) as error:
-        buildcache("push", "-d", str(tmpdir), "--unsigned", "trivial-install-test-package")
+        buildcache("push", "--unsigned", str(tmpdir), "trivial-install-test-package")
     assert error.value.errno == errno.EACCES
     tmpdir.chmod(0o700)
 
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ def test_update_key_index(
     # Put installed package in the buildcache, which, because we're signing
     # it, should result in the public key getting pushed to the buildcache
     # as well.
-    buildcache("push", "-a", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, s.name)
+    buildcache("push", "-a", mirror_dir.strpath, s.name)
 
     # Now make sure that when we pass the "--keys" argument to update-index
     # it causes the index to get update.
-    buildcache("update-index", "--keys", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath)
+    buildcache("update-index", "--keys", mirror_dir.strpath)
 
     key_dir_list = os.listdir(os.path.join(mirror_dir.strpath, "build_cache", "_pgp"))
 
@@ -213,27 +213,25 @@ def verify_mirror_contents():
     # Install a package and put it in the buildcache
     s = Spec(out_env_pkg).concretized()
     install(s.name)
-    buildcache("push", "-u", "-f", "-a", "--mirror-url", src_mirror_url, s.name)
+    buildcache("push", "-u", "-f", "-a", src_mirror_url, s.name)
 
     env("create", "test")
     with ev.read("test"):
         add(in_env_pkg)
         install()
-        buildcache("push", "-u", "-f", "-a", "--mirror-url", src_mirror_url, in_env_pkg)
+        buildcache("push", "-u", "-f", "-a", src_mirror_url, in_env_pkg)
 
         # Now run the spack buildcache sync command with all the various options
         # for specifying mirrors
 
         # Use urls to specify mirrors
-        buildcache(
-            "sync", "--src-mirror-url", src_mirror_url, "--dest-mirror-url", dest_mirror_url
-        )
+        buildcache("sync", src_mirror_url, dest_mirror_url)
 
         verify_mirror_contents()
         shutil.rmtree(dest_mirror_dir)
 
         # Use local directory paths to specify fs locations
-        buildcache("sync", "--src-directory", src_mirror_dir, "--dest-directory", dest_mirror_dir)
+        buildcache("sync", src_mirror_dir, dest_mirror_dir)
 
         verify_mirror_contents()
         shutil.rmtree(dest_mirror_dir)
@@ -242,7 +240,7 @@ def verify_mirror_contents():
         mirror("add", "src", src_mirror_url)
         mirror("add", "dest", dest_mirror_url)
 
-        buildcache("sync", "--src-mirror-name", "src", "--dest-mirror-name", "dest")
+        buildcache("sync", "src", "dest")
 
         verify_mirror_contents()
 
@@ -260,7 +258,7 @@ def test_buildcache_create_install(
     pkg = "trivial-install-test-package"
     install(pkg)
 
-    buildcache("push", "-d", str(tmpdir), "--unsigned", pkg)
+    buildcache("push", "--unsigned", str(tmpdir), pkg)
 
     spec = Spec(pkg).concretized()
     tarball_path = spack.binary_distribution.tarball_path_name(spec, ".spack")
@@ -324,12 +322,12 @@ def fake_push(node, push_url, options):
 
     monkeypatch.setattr(spack.binary_distribution, "push_or_raise", fake_push)
 
-    buildcache_create_args = ["create", "-d", str(tmpdir), "--unsigned"]
+    buildcache_create_args = ["create", "--unsigned"]
 
     if things_to_install != "":
         buildcache_create_args.extend(["--only", things_to_install])
 
-    buildcache_create_args.extend([slash_hash])
+    buildcache_create_args.extend([str(tmpdir), slash_hash])
 
     buildcache(*buildcache_create_args)
 

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/ci.py

@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ def test_ci_nothing_to_rebuild(
     )
 
     install_cmd("archive-files")
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-a", "-f", "-u", "--mirror-url", mirror_url, "archive-files")
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-a", "-f", "-u", mirror_url, "archive-files")
 
     filename = str(tmpdir.join("spack.yaml"))
     with open(filename, "w") as f:
@@ -1155,8 +1155,8 @@ def test_ci_generate_mirror_override(
         second_ci_yaml = str(tmpdir.join(".gitlab-ci-2.yml"))
         with ev.read("test"):
             install_cmd()
-            buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "--mirror-url", mirror_url, "patchelf")
-            buildcache_cmd("update-index", "--mirror-url", mirror_url, output=str)
+            buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", mirror_url, "patchelf")
+            buildcache_cmd("update-index", mirror_url, output=str)
 
             # This generate should not trigger a rebuild of patchelf, since it's in
             # the main mirror referenced in the environment.
@@ -1297,7 +1297,7 @@ def test_push_mirror_contents(
             mirror_cmd("rm", "test-ci")
 
             # Test generating buildcache index while we have bin mirror
-            buildcache_cmd("update-index", "--mirror-url", mirror_url)
+            buildcache_cmd("update-index", mirror_url)
             index_path = os.path.join(buildcache_path, "index.json")
             with open(index_path) as idx_fd:
                 index_object = json.load(idx_fd)
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@ def test_ci_rebuild_index(
                 ypfd.write(spec_json)
 
             install_cmd("--add", "--keep-stage", "-f", json_path)
-            buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", "--mirror-url", mirror_url, "callpath")
+            buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", mirror_url, "callpath")
             ci_cmd("rebuild-index")
 
             buildcache_path = os.path.join(mirror_dir.strpath, "build_cache")
@@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ def test_ci_generate_bootstrap_prune_dag(
     install_cmd("gcc@=12.2.0%gcc@10.2.1")
 
     # Put installed compiler in the buildcache
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, "gcc@12.2.0%gcc@10.2.1")
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", mirror_dir.strpath, "gcc@12.2.0%gcc@10.2.1")
 
     # Now uninstall the compiler
     uninstall_cmd("-y", "gcc@12.2.0%gcc@10.2.1")
@@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@ def test_ci_generate_bootstrap_prune_dag(
     install_cmd("--no-check-signature", "b%gcc@=12.2.0")
 
     # Put spec built with installed compiler in the buildcache
-    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, "b%gcc@12.2.0")
+    buildcache_cmd("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", mirror_dir.strpath, "b%gcc@12.2.0")
 
     # Now uninstall the spec
     uninstall_cmd("-y", "b%gcc@12.2.0")

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/compiler.py

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-import llnl.util.filesystem
-
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.main
 import spack.version
@@ -18,124 +16,8 @@
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def mock_compiler_version():
-    return "4.5.3"
-
-
-@pytest.fixture()
-def mock_compiler_dir(tmpdir, mock_compiler_version):
-    """Return a directory containing a fake, but detectable compiler."""
-
-    tmpdir.ensure("bin", dir=True)
-    bin_dir = tmpdir.join("bin")
-
-    gcc_path = bin_dir.join("gcc")
-    gxx_path = bin_dir.join("g++")
-    gfortran_path = bin_dir.join("gfortran")
-
-    gcc_path.write(
-        """\
-#!/bin/sh
-
-for arg in "$@"; do
-    if [ "$arg" = -dumpversion ]; then
-        echo '%s'
-    fi
-done
-"""
-        % mock_compiler_version
-    )
-
-    # Create some mock compilers in the temporary directory
-    llnl.util.filesystem.set_executable(str(gcc_path))
-    gcc_path.copy(gxx_path, mode=True)
-    gcc_path.copy(gfortran_path, mode=True)
-
-    return str(tmpdir)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32",
-    reason="Cannot execute bash \
-                                                     script on Windows",
-)
-@pytest.mark.regression("11678,13138")
-def test_compiler_find_without_paths(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, tmpdir):
-    with tmpdir.as_cwd():
-        with open("gcc", "w") as f:
-            f.write(
-                """\
-#!/bin/sh
-echo "0.0.0"
-"""
-            )
-        os.chmod("gcc", 0o700)
-
-    os.environ["PATH"] = str(tmpdir)
-    output = compiler("find", "--scope=site")
-
-    assert "gcc" in output
-
-
-@pytest.mark.regression("17589")
-def test_compiler_find_no_apple_gcc(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, tmpdir):
-    with tmpdir.as_cwd():
-        # make a script to emulate apple gcc's version args
-        with open("gcc", "w") as f:
-            f.write(
-                """\
-#!/bin/sh
-if [ "$1" = "-dumpversion" ]; then
-    echo "4.2.1"
-elif [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
-    echo "Configured with: --prefix=/dummy"
-    echo "Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)"
-    echo "Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.7.0"
-    echo "Thread model: posix"
-    echo "InstalledDir: /dummy"
-else
-    echo "clang: error: no input files"
-fi
-"""
-            )
-        os.chmod("gcc", 0o700)
-
-    os.environ["PATH"] = str(tmpdir)
-    output = compiler("find", "--scope=site")
-
-    assert "gcc" not in output
-
-
-def test_compiler_remove(mutable_config, mock_packages):
-    assert spack.spec.CompilerSpec("gcc@=4.5.0") in spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs()
-    args = spack.util.pattern.Bunch(all=True, compiler_spec="gcc@4.5.0", add_paths=[], scope=None)
-    spack.cmd.compiler.compiler_remove(args)
-    assert spack.spec.CompilerSpec("gcc@=4.5.0") not in spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32",
-    reason="Cannot execute bash \
-                                                     script on Windows",
-)
-def test_compiler_add(mutable_config, mock_packages, mock_compiler_dir, mock_compiler_version):
-    # Compilers available by default.
-    old_compilers = set(spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs())
-
-    args = spack.util.pattern.Bunch(
-        all=None, compiler_spec=None, add_paths=[mock_compiler_dir], scope=None
-    )
-    spack.cmd.compiler.compiler_find(args)
-
-    # Ensure new compiler is in there
-    new_compilers = set(spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs())
-    new_compiler = new_compilers - old_compilers
-    assert any(c.version == spack.version.Version(mock_compiler_version) for c in new_compiler)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture
-def clangdir(tmpdir):
-    """Create a directory with some dummy compiler scripts in it.
+def compilers_dir(mock_executable):
+    """Create a directory with some mock compiler scripts in it.
 
     Scripts are:
       - clang
@@ -145,11 +27,9 @@ def clangdir(tmpdir):
       - gfortran-8
 
     """
-    with tmpdir.as_cwd():
-        with open("clang", "w") as f:
-            f.write(
-                """\
-#!/bin/sh
+    clang_path = mock_executable(
+        "clang",
+        output="""
 if [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
     echo "clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)"
     echo "Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.7.0"
@@ -159,12 +39,11 @@ def clangdir(tmpdir):
     echo "clang: error: no input files"
     exit 1
 fi
-"""
-            )
-        shutil.copy("clang", "clang++")
+""",
+    )
+    shutil.copy(clang_path, clang_path.parent / "clang++")
 
-        gcc_script = """\
-#!/bin/sh
+    gcc_script = """
 if [ "$1" = "-dumpversion" ]; then
     echo "8"
 elif [ "$1" = "-dumpfullversion" ]; then
@@ -178,120 +57,187 @@ def clangdir(tmpdir):
     exit 1
 fi
 """
-        with open("gcc-8", "w") as f:
-            f.write(gcc_script.format("gcc", "gcc-8"))
-        with open("g++-8", "w") as f:
-            f.write(gcc_script.format("g++", "g++-8"))
-        with open("gfortran-8", "w") as f:
-            f.write(gcc_script.format("GNU Fortran", "gfortran-8"))
-        os.chmod("clang", 0o700)
-        os.chmod("clang++", 0o700)
-        os.chmod("gcc-8", 0o700)
-        os.chmod("g++-8", 0o700)
-        os.chmod("gfortran-8", 0o700)
+    mock_executable("gcc-8", output=gcc_script.format("gcc", "gcc-8"))
+    mock_executable("g++-8", output=gcc_script.format("g++", "g++-8"))
+    mock_executable("gfortran-8", output=gcc_script.format("GNU Fortran", "gfortran-8"))
 
-    yield tmpdir
+    return clang_path.parent
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32",
-    reason="Cannot execute bash \
-                                                     script on Windows",
-)
-@pytest.mark.regression("17590")
-def test_compiler_find_mixed_suffixes(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, clangdir):
-    """Ensure that we'll mix compilers with different suffixes when necessary."""
-    os.environ["PATH"] = str(clangdir)
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Cannot execute bash script on Windows")
+@pytest.mark.regression("11678,13138")
+def test_compiler_find_without_paths(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, mock_executable):
+    """Tests that 'spack compiler find' looks into PATH by default, if no specific path
+    is given.
+    """
+    gcc_path = mock_executable("gcc", output='echo "0.0.0"')
+
+    os.environ["PATH"] = str(gcc_path.parent)
     output = compiler("find", "--scope=site")
 
-    assert "clang@=11.0.0" in output
-    assert "gcc@=8.4.0" in output
+    assert "gcc" in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.regression("17589")
+def test_compiler_find_no_apple_gcc(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, mock_executable):
+    """Tests that Spack won't mistake Apple's GCC as a "real" GCC, since it's really
+    Clang with a few tweaks.
+    """
+    gcc_path = mock_executable(
+        "gcc",
+        output="""
+if [ "$1" = "-dumpversion" ]; then
+    echo "4.2.1"
+elif [ "$1" = "--version" ]; then
+    echo "Configured with: --prefix=/dummy"
+    echo "Apple clang version 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.16)"
+    echo "Target: x86_64-apple-darwin18.7.0"
+    echo "Thread model: posix"
+    echo "InstalledDir: /dummy"
+else
+    echo "clang: error: no input files"
+fi
+""",
+    )
+
+    os.environ["PATH"] = str(gcc_path.parent)
+    output = compiler("find", "--scope=site")
+
+    assert "gcc" not in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.regression("37996")
+def test_compiler_remove(mutable_config, mock_packages):
+    """Tests that we can remove a compiler from configuration."""
+    assert spack.spec.CompilerSpec("gcc@=4.5.0") in spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs()
+    args = spack.util.pattern.Bunch(all=True, compiler_spec="gcc@4.5.0", add_paths=[], scope=None)
+    spack.cmd.compiler.compiler_remove(args)
+    assert spack.spec.CompilerSpec("gcc@=4.5.0") not in spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.regression("37996")
+def test_removing_compilers_from_multiple_scopes(mutable_config, mock_packages):
+    # Duplicate "site" scope into "user" scope
+    site_config = spack.config.get("compilers", scope="site")
+    spack.config.set("compilers", site_config, scope="user")
+
+    assert spack.spec.CompilerSpec("gcc@=4.5.0") in spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs()
+    args = spack.util.pattern.Bunch(all=True, compiler_spec="gcc@4.5.0", add_paths=[], scope=None)
+    spack.cmd.compiler.compiler_remove(args)
+    assert spack.spec.CompilerSpec("gcc@=4.5.0") not in spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Cannot execute bash script on Windows")
+def test_compiler_add(mutable_config, mock_packages, mock_executable):
+    """Tests that we can add a compiler to configuration."""
+    expected_version = "4.5.3"
+    gcc_path = mock_executable(
+        "gcc",
+        output=f"""\
+for arg in "$@"; do
+    if [ "$arg" = -dumpversion ]; then
+        echo '{expected_version}'
+    fi
+done
+""",
+    )
+    bin_dir = gcc_path.parent
+    root_dir = bin_dir.parent
+
+    compilers_before_find = set(spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs())
+    args = spack.util.pattern.Bunch(
+        all=None, compiler_spec=None, add_paths=[str(root_dir)], scope=None
+    )
+    spack.cmd.compiler.compiler_find(args)
+    compilers_after_find = set(spack.compilers.all_compiler_specs())
+
+    compilers_added_by_find = compilers_after_find - compilers_before_find
+    assert len(compilers_added_by_find) == 1
+    new_compiler = compilers_added_by_find.pop()
+    assert new_compiler.version == spack.version.Version(expected_version)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Cannot execute bash script on Windows")
+@pytest.mark.regression("17590")
+def test_compiler_find_mixed_suffixes(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, compilers_dir):
+    """Ensure that we'll mix compilers with different suffixes when necessary."""
+    os.environ["PATH"] = str(compilers_dir)
+    output = compiler("find", "--scope=site")
+
+    assert "clang@11.0.0" in output
+    assert "gcc@8.4.0" in output
 
     config = spack.compilers.get_compiler_config("site", False)
     clang = next(c["compiler"] for c in config if c["compiler"]["spec"] == "clang@=11.0.0")
     gcc = next(c["compiler"] for c in config if c["compiler"]["spec"] == "gcc@=8.4.0")
 
-    gfortran_path = str(clangdir.join("gfortran-8"))
+    gfortran_path = str(compilers_dir / "gfortran-8")
 
     assert clang["paths"] == {
-        "cc": str(clangdir.join("clang")),
-        "cxx": str(clangdir.join("clang++")),
+        "cc": str(compilers_dir / "clang"),
+        "cxx": str(compilers_dir / "clang++"),
         # we only auto-detect mixed clang on macos
         "f77": gfortran_path if sys.platform == "darwin" else None,
         "fc": gfortran_path if sys.platform == "darwin" else None,
     }
 
     assert gcc["paths"] == {
-        "cc": str(clangdir.join("gcc-8")),
-        "cxx": str(clangdir.join("g++-8")),
+        "cc": str(compilers_dir / "gcc-8"),
+        "cxx": str(compilers_dir / "g++-8"),
         "f77": gfortran_path,
         "fc": gfortran_path,
     }
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32",
-    reason="Cannot execute bash \
-                                                     script on Windows",
-)
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Cannot execute bash script on Windows")
 @pytest.mark.regression("17590")
-def test_compiler_find_prefer_no_suffix(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, clangdir):
+def test_compiler_find_prefer_no_suffix(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, compilers_dir):
     """Ensure that we'll pick 'clang' over 'clang-gpu' when there is a choice."""
-    with clangdir.as_cwd():
-        shutil.copy("clang", "clang-gpu")
-        shutil.copy("clang++", "clang++-gpu")
-        os.chmod("clang-gpu", 0o700)
-        os.chmod("clang++-gpu", 0o700)
+    clang_path = compilers_dir / "clang"
+    shutil.copy(clang_path, clang_path.parent / "clang-gpu")
+    shutil.copy(clang_path, clang_path.parent / "clang++-gpu")
 
-    os.environ["PATH"] = str(clangdir)
+    os.environ["PATH"] = str(compilers_dir)
     output = compiler("find", "--scope=site")
 
-    assert "clang@=11.0.0" in output
-    assert "gcc@=8.4.0" in output
+    assert "clang@11.0.0" in output
+    assert "gcc@8.4.0" in output
 
     config = spack.compilers.get_compiler_config("site", False)
     clang = next(c["compiler"] for c in config if c["compiler"]["spec"] == "clang@=11.0.0")
 
-    assert clang["paths"]["cc"] == str(clangdir.join("clang"))
-    assert clang["paths"]["cxx"] == str(clangdir.join("clang++"))
+    assert clang["paths"]["cc"] == str(compilers_dir / "clang")
+    assert clang["paths"]["cxx"] == str(compilers_dir / "clang++")
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(
-    sys.platform == "win32",
-    reason="Cannot execute bash \
-                                                     script on Windows",
-)
-def test_compiler_find_path_order(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, clangdir):
-    """Ensure that we find compilers that come first in the PATH first"""
-
-    with clangdir.as_cwd():
-        os.mkdir("first_in_path")
-        shutil.copy("gcc-8", "first_in_path/gcc-8")
-        shutil.copy("g++-8", "first_in_path/g++-8")
-        shutil.copy("gfortran-8", "first_in_path/gfortran-8")
-
-    # the first_in_path folder should be searched first
-    os.environ["PATH"] = "{0}:{1}".format(str(clangdir.join("first_in_path")), str(clangdir))
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Cannot execute bash script on Windows")
+def test_compiler_find_path_order(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, compilers_dir):
+    """Ensure that we look for compilers in the same order as PATH, when there are duplicates"""
+    new_dir = compilers_dir / "first_in_path"
+    new_dir.mkdir()
+    for name in ("gcc-8", "g++-8", "gfortran-8"):
+        shutil.copy(compilers_dir / name, new_dir / name)
+    # Set PATH to have the new folder searched first
+    os.environ["PATH"] = "{}:{}".format(str(new_dir), str(compilers_dir))
 
     compiler("find", "--scope=site")
 
     config = spack.compilers.get_compiler_config("site", False)
-
     gcc = next(c["compiler"] for c in config if c["compiler"]["spec"] == "gcc@=8.4.0")
-
     assert gcc["paths"] == {
-        "cc": str(clangdir.join("first_in_path", "gcc-8")),
-        "cxx": str(clangdir.join("first_in_path", "g++-8")),
-        "f77": str(clangdir.join("first_in_path", "gfortran-8")),
-        "fc": str(clangdir.join("first_in_path", "gfortran-8")),
+        "cc": str(new_dir / "gcc-8"),
+        "cxx": str(new_dir / "g++-8"),
+        "f77": str(new_dir / "gfortran-8"),
+        "fc": str(new_dir / "gfortran-8"),
     }
 
 
-def test_compiler_list_empty(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, clangdir):
-    # Spack should not automatically search for compilers when listing them and none
-    # are available. And when stdout is not a tty like in tests, there should be no
-    # output and no error exit code.
-    os.environ["PATH"] = str(clangdir)
+def test_compiler_list_empty(no_compilers_yaml, working_env, compilers_dir):
+    """Spack should not automatically search for compilers when listing them and none are
+    available. And when stdout is not a tty like in tests, there should be no output and
+    no error exit code.
+    """
+    os.environ["PATH"] = str(compilers_dir)
     out = compiler("list")
     assert not out
     assert compiler.returncode == 0

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/develop.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def check_develop(self, env, spec, path=None):
         assert dev_specs_entry["spec"] == str(spec)
 
         # check yaml representation
-        yaml = ev.config_dict(env.manifest)
+        yaml = env.manifest[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
         assert spec.name in yaml["develop"]
         yaml_entry = yaml["develop"][spec.name]
         assert yaml_entry["spec"] == str(spec)

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/env.py

@@ -390,6 +390,19 @@ def test_remove_after_concretize():
     assert not any(s.name == "mpileaks" for s in env_specs)
 
 
+def test_remove_before_concretize():
+    e = ev.create("test")
+    e.unify = True
+
+    e.add("mpileaks")
+    e.concretize()
+
+    e.remove("mpileaks")
+    e.concretize()
+
+    assert not list(e.concretized_specs())
+
+
 def test_remove_command():
     env("create", "test")
     assert "test" in env("list")
@@ -906,7 +919,7 @@ def test_env_config_precedence(environment_from_manifest):
   mpileaks:
     version: ["2.2"]
   libelf:
-    version: ["0.8.11"]
+    version: ["0.8.10"]
 """
         )
 
@@ -2389,6 +2402,21 @@ def test_env_activate_default_view_root_unconditional(mutable_mock_env_path):
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.regression("38510")
+def test_concretize_separately_abstract_hash(install_mockery, mock_fetch):
+    """Check that a root can have no name if it has a hash."""
+    s = Spec("trivial-install-test-package").concretized()
+    install(str(s))
+
+    e = ev.create("test")
+    e.unify = False
+
+    e.add(f"/{s.dag_hash()}")
+    e.concretize()
+
+    assert list(e.concretized_specs()) == [(Spec(f"/{s.dag_hash()}"), s)]
+
+
 def test_concretize_user_specs_together():
     e = ev.create("coconcretization")
     e.unify = True
@@ -2404,7 +2432,11 @@ def test_concretize_user_specs_together():
     # Concretize a second time using 'mpich2' as the MPI provider
     e.remove("mpich")
     e.add("mpich2")
-    e.concretize()
+
+    # Concretizing without invalidating the concrete spec for mpileaks fails
+    with pytest.raises(spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError):
+        e.concretize()
+    e.concretize(force=True)
 
     assert all("mpich2" in spec for _, spec in e.concretized_specs())
     assert all("mpich" not in spec for _, spec in e.concretized_specs())
@@ -2435,7 +2467,7 @@ def test_duplicate_packages_raise_when_concretizing_together():
     e.add("mpich")
 
     with pytest.raises(
-        spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError, match=r"relax the concretizer strictness"
+        spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError, match=r"You could consider setting `concretizer:unify`"
     ):
         e.concretize()
 
@@ -2671,7 +2703,7 @@ def test_modules_relative_to_views(environment_from_manifest, install_mockery, m
 
         spec = e.specs_by_hash[e.concretized_order[0]]
         view_prefix = e.default_view.get_projection_for_spec(spec)
-        modules_glob = "%s/modules/**/*" % e.path
+        modules_glob = "%s/modules/**/*/*" % e.path
         modules = glob.glob(modules_glob)
         assert len(modules) == 1
         module = modules[0]
@@ -2707,12 +2739,12 @@ def test_multiple_modules_post_env_hook(environment_from_manifest, install_mocke
 
         spec = e.specs_by_hash[e.concretized_order[0]]
         view_prefix = e.default_view.get_projection_for_spec(spec)
-        modules_glob = "%s/modules/**/*" % e.path
+        modules_glob = "%s/modules/**/*/*" % e.path
         modules = glob.glob(modules_glob)
         assert len(modules) == 1
         module = modules[0]
 
-        full_modules_glob = "%s/full_modules/**/*" % e.path
+        full_modules_glob = "%s/full_modules/**/*/*" % e.path
         full_modules = glob.glob(full_modules_glob)
         assert len(full_modules) == 1
         full_module = full_modules[0]
@@ -3295,3 +3327,22 @@ def test_environment_created_in_users_location(mutable_config, tmpdir):
     assert dir_name in out
     assert env_dir in ev.root(dir_name)
     assert os.path.isdir(os.path.join(env_dir, dir_name))
+
+
+def test_environment_created_from_lockfile_has_view(mock_packages, tmpdir):
+    """When an env is created from a lockfile, a view should be generated for it"""
+    env_a = str(tmpdir.join("a"))
+    env_b = str(tmpdir.join("b"))
+
+    # Create an environment and install a package in it
+    env("create", "-d", env_a)
+    with ev.Environment(env_a):
+        add("libelf")
+        install("--fake")
+
+    # Create another environment from the lockfile of the first environment
+    env("create", "-d", env_b, os.path.join(env_a, "spack.lock"))
+
+    # Make sure the view was created
+    with ev.Environment(env_b) as e:
+        assert os.path.isdir(e.view_path_default)

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/external.py

@@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ def define_plat_exe(exe):
 
 def test_find_external_single_package(mock_executable, executables_found, _platform_executables):
     pkgs_to_check = [spack.repo.path.get_pkg_class("cmake")]
-    executables_found(
-        {mock_executable("cmake", output="echo cmake version 1.foo"): define_plat_exe("cmake")}
-    )
+    cmake_path = mock_executable("cmake", output="echo cmake version 1.foo")
+    executables_found({str(cmake_path): define_plat_exe("cmake")})
 
     pkg_to_entries = spack.detection.by_executable(pkgs_to_check)
 
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ def test_find_external_two_instances_same_package(
         "cmake", output="echo cmake version 3.17.2", subdir=("base2", "bin")
     )
     cmake_exe = define_plat_exe("cmake")
-    executables_found({cmake_path1: cmake_exe, cmake_path2: cmake_exe})
+    executables_found({str(cmake_path1): cmake_exe, str(cmake_path2): cmake_exe})
 
     pkg_to_entries = spack.detection.by_executable(pkgs_to_check)
 
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ def test_get_executables(working_env, mock_executable):
     cmake_path1 = mock_executable("cmake", output="echo cmake version 1.foo")
     path_to_exe = spack.detection.executables_in_path([os.path.dirname(cmake_path1)])
     cmake_exe = define_plat_exe("cmake")
-    assert path_to_exe[cmake_path1] == cmake_exe
+    assert path_to_exe[str(cmake_path1)] == cmake_exe
 
 
 external = SpackCommand("external")
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ def test_packages_yaml_format(mock_executable, mutable_config, monkeypatch, _pla
     assert "extra_attributes" in external_gcc
     extra_attributes = external_gcc["extra_attributes"]
     assert "prefix" not in extra_attributes
-    assert extra_attributes["compilers"]["c"] == gcc_exe
+    assert extra_attributes["compilers"]["c"] == str(gcc_exe)
 
 
 def test_overriding_prefix(mock_executable, mutable_config, monkeypatch, _platform_executables):

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/find.py

@@ -357,3 +357,18 @@ def test_find_loaded(database, working_env):
     output = find("--loaded")
     expected = find()
     assert output == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.regression("37712")
+def test_environment_with_version_range_in_compiler_doesnt_fail(tmp_path):
+    """Tests that having an active environment with a root spec containing a compiler constrained
+    by a version range (i.e. @X.Y rather the single version than @=X.Y) doesn't result in an error
+    when invoking "spack find".
+    """
+    test_environment = ev.create_in_dir(tmp_path)
+    test_environment.add("zlib %gcc@12.1.0")
+    test_environment.write()
+
+    with test_environment:
+        output = find()
+    assert "zlib%gcc@12.1.0" in output

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/graph.py

@@ -3,16 +3,12 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-import sys
-
 import pytest
 
 from spack.main import SpackCommand, SpackCommandError
 
 graph = SpackCommand("graph")
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="does not run on windows")
-
 
 @pytest.mark.db
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_packages", "database")

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/info.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 import argparse
-import sys
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -13,8 +12,6 @@
 
 info = SpackCommand("info")
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Not yet implemented on Windows")
-
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
 def parser():

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/install.py

@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ def test_compiler_bootstrap_from_binary_mirror(
     install("gcc@=10.2.0")
 
     # Put installed compiler in the buildcache
-    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, "gcc@10.2.0")
+    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", mirror_dir.strpath, "gcc@10.2.0")
 
     # Now uninstall the compiler
     uninstall("-y", "gcc@10.2.0")
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ def install_use_buildcache(opt):
 
     # Populate the buildcache
     install(package_name)
-    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, package_name, dependency_name)
+    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", mirror_dir.strpath, package_name, dependency_name)
 
     # Uninstall the all of the packages for clean slate
     uninstall("-y", "-a")

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/mark.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-import sys
-
 import pytest
 
 import spack.store
@@ -15,8 +13,6 @@
 install = SpackCommand("install")
 uninstall = SpackCommand("uninstall")
 
-pytestmark = pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="does not run on windows")
-
 
 @pytest.mark.db
 def test_mark_mode_required(mutable_database):

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/mirror.py

@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ def test_mirror_destroy(
 
     # Put a binary package in a buildcache
     install("--no-cache", spec_name)
-    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, spec_name)
+    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", mirror_dir.strpath, spec_name)
 
     contents = os.listdir(mirror_dir.strpath)
     assert "build_cache" in contents
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def test_mirror_destroy(
 
     assert not os.path.exists(mirror_dir.strpath)
 
-    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", "-d", mirror_dir.strpath, spec_name)
+    buildcache("push", "-u", "-a", "-f", mirror_dir.strpath, spec_name)
 
     contents = os.listdir(mirror_dir.strpath)
     assert "build_cache" in contents

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/spec.py

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ def _parse_types(string):
 
 
 def test_spec_deptypes_nodes():
-    output = spec("--types", "--cover", "nodes", "dt-diamond")
+    output = spec("--types", "--cover", "nodes", "--no-install-status", "dt-diamond")
     types = _parse_types(output)
 
     assert types["dt-diamond"] == ["    "]
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def test_spec_deptypes_nodes():
 
 
 def test_spec_deptypes_edges():
-    output = spec("--types", "--cover", "edges", "dt-diamond")
+    output = spec("--types", "--cover", "edges", "--no-install-status", "dt-diamond")
     types = _parse_types(output)
 
     assert types["dt-diamond"] == ["    "]

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/test.py

@@ -319,3 +319,17 @@ def test_report_filename_for_cdash(install_mockery_mutable_config, mock_fetch):
     spack.cmd.common.arguments.sanitize_reporter_options(args)
     filename = spack.cmd.test.report_filename(args, suite)
     assert filename != "https://blahblah/submit.php?project=debugging"
+
+
+def test_test_output_multiple_specs(
+    mock_test_stage, mock_packages, mock_archive, mock_fetch, install_mockery_mutable_config
+):
+    """Ensure proper reporting for suite with skipped, failing, and passed tests."""
+    install("test-error", "simple-standalone-test@0.9", "simple-standalone-test@1.0")
+    out = spack_test("run", "test-error", "simple-standalone-test", fail_on_error=False)
+
+    # Note that a spec with passing *and* skipped tests is still considered
+    # to have passed at this level. If you want to see the spec-specific
+    # part result summaries, you'll have to look at the "test-out.txt" files
+    # for each spec.
+    assert "1 failed, 2 passed of 3 specs" in out

lib/spack/spack/test/concretize.py

@@ -337,8 +337,6 @@ def test_compiler_flags_differ_identical_compilers(self):
 
         # Get the compiler that matches the spec (
         compiler = spack.compilers.compiler_for_spec("clang@=12.2.0", spec.architecture)
-        # Clear cache for compiler config since it has its own cache mechanism outside of config
-        spack.compilers._cache_config_file = []
 
         # Configure spack to have two identical compilers with different flags
         default_dict = spack.compilers._to_dict(compiler)
@@ -2137,7 +2135,7 @@ def test_compiler_with_custom_non_numeric_version(self, mock_executable):
             {
                 "compiler": {
                     "spec": "gcc@foo",
-                    "paths": {"cc": gcc_path, "cxx": gcc_path, "f77": None, "fc": None},
+                    "paths": {"cc": str(gcc_path), "cxx": str(gcc_path), "f77": None, "fc": None},
                     "operating_system": "debian6",
                     "modules": [],
                 }
@@ -2172,3 +2170,14 @@ def test_concretization_with_compilers_supporting_target_any(self):
         with spack.config.override("compilers", compiler_configuration):
             s = spack.spec.Spec("a").concretized()
         assert s.satisfies("%gcc@12.1.0")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("spec_str", ["mpileaks", "mpileaks ^mpich"])
+    def test_virtuals_are_annotated_on_edges(self, spec_str, default_mock_concretization):
+        """Tests that information on virtuals is annotated on DAG edges"""
+        spec = default_mock_concretization(spec_str)
+        mpi_provider = spec["mpi"].name
+
+        edges = spec.edges_to_dependencies(name=mpi_provider)
+        assert len(edges) == 1 and edges[0].virtuals == ("mpi",)
+        edges = spec.edges_to_dependencies(name="callpath")
+        assert len(edges) == 1 and edges[0].virtuals == ()

lib/spack/spack/test/concretize_preferences.py

@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ def test_preferred_versions(self):
         assert spec.version == Version("2.2")
 
     def test_preferred_versions_mixed_version_types(self):
-        update_packages("mixedversions", "version", ["2.0"])
+        if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
+            pytest.skip("This behavior is not enforced for the old concretizer")
+        update_packages("mixedversions", "version", ["=2.0"])
         spec = concretize("mixedversions")
         assert spec.version == Version("2.0")
 
@@ -228,6 +230,29 @@ def test_preferred(self):
         spec.concretize()
         assert spec.version == Version("3.5.0")
 
+    def test_preferred_undefined_raises(self):
+        """Preference should not specify an undefined version"""
+        if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
+            pytest.xfail("This behavior is not enforced for the old concretizer")
+
+        update_packages("python", "version", ["3.5.0.1"])
+        spec = Spec("python")
+        with pytest.raises(spack.config.ConfigError):
+            spec.concretize()
+
+    def test_preferred_truncated(self):
+        """Versions without "=" are treated as version ranges: if there is
+        a satisfying version defined in the package.py, we should use that
+        (don't define a new version).
+        """
+        if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
+            pytest.skip("This behavior is not enforced for the old concretizer")
+
+        update_packages("python", "version", ["3.5"])
+        spec = Spec("python")
+        spec.concretize()
+        assert spec.satisfies("@3.5.1")
+
     def test_develop(self):
         """Test concretization with develop-like versions"""
         spec = Spec("develop-test")

lib/spack/spack/test/concretize_requirements.py

@@ -66,6 +66,28 @@ class V(Package):
 )
 
 
+_pkgt = (
+    "t",
+    """\
+class T(Package):
+    version('2.1')
+    version('2.0')
+
+    depends_on('u', when='@2.1:')
+""",
+)
+
+
+_pkgu = (
+    "u",
+    """\
+class U(Package):
+    version('1.1')
+    version('1.0')
+""",
+)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def create_test_repo(tmpdir, mutable_config):
     repo_path = str(tmpdir)
@@ -79,7 +101,7 @@ def create_test_repo(tmpdir, mutable_config):
         )
 
     packages_dir = tmpdir.join("packages")
-    for pkg_name, pkg_str in [_pkgx, _pkgy, _pkgv]:
+    for pkg_name, pkg_str in [_pkgx, _pkgy, _pkgv, _pkgt, _pkgu]:
         pkg_dir = packages_dir.ensure(pkg_name, dir=True)
         pkg_file = pkg_dir.join("package.py")
         with open(str(pkg_file), "w") as f:
@@ -144,6 +166,45 @@ def test_requirement_isnt_optional(concretize_scope, test_repo):
         Spec("x@1.1").concretize()
 
 
+def test_require_undefined_version(concretize_scope, test_repo):
+    """If a requirement specifies a numbered version that isn't in
+    the associated package.py and isn't part of a Git hash
+    equivalence (hash=number), then Spack should raise an error
+    (it is assumed this is a typo, and raising the error here
+    avoids a likely error when Spack attempts to fetch the version).
+    """
+    if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
+        pytest.skip("Original concretizer does not support configuration requirements")
+
+    conf_str = """\
+packages:
+  x:
+    require: "@1.2"
+"""
+    update_packages_config(conf_str)
+    with pytest.raises(spack.config.ConfigError):
+        Spec("x").concretize()
+
+
+def test_require_truncated(concretize_scope, test_repo):
+    """A requirement specifies a version range, with satisfying
+    versions defined in the package.py. Make sure we choose one
+    of the defined versions (vs. allowing the requirement to
+    define a new version).
+    """
+    if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
+        pytest.skip("Original concretizer does not support configuration requirements")
+
+    conf_str = """\
+packages:
+  x:
+    require: "@1"
+"""
+    update_packages_config(conf_str)
+    xspec = Spec("x").concretized()
+    assert xspec.satisfies("@1.1")
+
+
 def test_git_user_supplied_reference_satisfaction(
     concretize_scope, test_repo, mock_git_version_info, monkeypatch
 ):
@@ -220,6 +281,40 @@ def test_requirement_adds_new_version(
     assert s1.version.ref == a_commit_hash
 
 
+def test_requirement_adds_version_satisfies(
+    concretize_scope, test_repo, mock_git_version_info, monkeypatch
+):
+    """Make sure that new versions added by requirements are factored into
+    conditions. In this case create a new version that satisfies a
+    depends_on condition and make sure it is triggered (i.e. the
+    dependency is added).
+    """
+    if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
+        pytest.skip("Original concretizer does not support configuration" " requirements")
+
+    repo_path, filename, commits = mock_git_version_info
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        spack.package_base.PackageBase, "git", path_to_file_url(repo_path), raising=False
+    )
+
+    # Sanity check: early version of T does not include U
+    s0 = Spec("t@2.0").concretized()
+    assert not ("u" in s0)
+
+    conf_str = """\
+packages:
+  t:
+    require: "@{0}=2.2"
+""".format(
+        commits[0]
+    )
+    update_packages_config(conf_str)
+
+    s1 = Spec("t").concretized()
+    assert "u" in s1
+    assert s1.satisfies("@2.2")
+
+
 def test_requirement_adds_git_hash_version(
     concretize_scope, test_repo, mock_git_version_info, monkeypatch
 ):
@@ -272,8 +367,11 @@ def test_requirement_adds_multiple_new_versions(
 def test_preference_adds_new_version(
     concretize_scope, test_repo, mock_git_version_info, monkeypatch
 ):
+    """Normally a preference cannot define a new version, but that constraint
+    is ignored if the version is a Git hash-based version.
+    """
     if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
-        pytest.skip("Original concretizer does not support configuration requirements")
+        pytest.skip("Original concretizer does not enforce this constraint for preferences")
 
     repo_path, filename, commits = mock_git_version_info
     monkeypatch.setattr(
@@ -296,6 +394,29 @@ def test_preference_adds_new_version(
     assert not s3.satisfies("@2.3")
 
 
+def test_external_adds_new_version_that_is_preferred(concretize_scope, test_repo):
+    """Test that we can use a version, not declared in package recipe, as the
+    preferred version if that version appears in an external spec.
+    """
+    if spack.config.get("config:concretizer") == "original":
+        pytest.skip("Original concretizer does not enforce this constraint for preferences")
+
+    conf_str = """\
+packages:
+  y:
+    version: ["2.7"]
+    externals:
+    - spec: y@2.7 # Not defined in y
+      prefix: /fake/nonexistent/path/
+    buildable: false
+"""
+    update_packages_config(conf_str)
+
+    spec = Spec("x").concretized()
+    assert spec["y"].satisfies("@2.7")
+    assert spack.version.Version("2.7") not in spec["y"].package.versions
+
+
 def test_requirement_is_successfully_applied(concretize_scope, test_repo):
     """If a simple requirement can be satisfied, make sure the
     concretization succeeds and the requirement spec is applied.

lib/spack/spack/test/conftest.py

@@ -1669,22 +1669,21 @@ def clear_directive_functions():
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def mock_executable(tmpdir):
+def mock_executable(tmp_path):
     """Factory to create a mock executable in a temporary directory that
     output a custom string when run.
     """
-    import jinja2
-
     shebang = "#!/bin/sh\n" if sys.platform != "win32" else "@ECHO OFF"
 
     def _factory(name, output, subdir=("bin",)):
-        f = tmpdir.ensure(*subdir, dir=True).join(name)
+        executable_dir = tmp_path.joinpath(*subdir)
+        executable_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        executable_path = executable_dir / name
         if sys.platform == "win32":
-            f += ".bat"
-        t = jinja2.Template("{{ shebang }}{{ output }}\n")
-        f.write(t.render(shebang=shebang, output=output))
-        f.chmod(0o755)
-        return str(f)
+            executable_path = executable_dir / (name + ".bat")
+        executable_path.write_text(f"{ shebang }{ output }\n")
+        executable_path.chmod(0o755)
+        return executable_path
 
     return _factory
 

lib/spack/spack/test/data/modules/lmod/complex_hierarchy.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ lmod:
   hash_length: 0
 
   core_compilers:
-    - 'clang@3.3'
+    - 'clang@12.0.0'
 
   core_specs:
     - 'mpich@3.0.1'

lib/spack/spack/test/data/modules/lmod/core_compilers.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+enable:
+  - lmod
+lmod:
+  core_compilers:
+    - 'clang@12.0.0'

lib/spack/spack/test/data/modules/lmod/core_compilers_at_equal.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+enable:
+  - lmod
+lmod:
+  core_compilers:
+    - 'clang@=12.0.0'

lib/spack/spack/test/data/unparse/amdfftw.txt

@@ -31,194 +31,164 @@ class Amdfftw(FftwBase):
     Example : spack install amdfftw precision=float
     """
 
-    _name = 'amdfftw'
+    _name = "amdfftw"
     homepage = "https://developer.amd.com/amd-aocl/fftw/"
     url = "https://github.com/amd/amd-fftw/archive/3.0.tar.gz"
     git = "https://github.com/amd/amd-fftw.git"
 
-    maintainers = ['amd-toolchain-support']
+    maintainers("amd-toolchain-support")
 
-    version('3.1', sha256='3e777f3acef13fa1910db097e818b1d0d03a6a36ef41186247c6ab1ab0afc132')
-    version('3.0.1', sha256='87030c6bbb9c710f0a64f4f306ba6aa91dc4b182bb804c9022b35aef274d1a4c')
-    version('3.0', sha256='a69deaf45478a59a69f77c4f7e9872967f1cfe996592dd12beb6318f18ea0bcd')
-    version('2.2', sha256='de9d777236fb290c335860b458131678f75aa0799c641490c644c843f0e246f8')
+    version("3.1", sha256="3e777f3acef13fa1910db097e818b1d0d03a6a36ef41186247c6ab1ab0afc132")
+    version("3.0.1", sha256="87030c6bbb9c710f0a64f4f306ba6aa91dc4b182bb804c9022b35aef274d1a4c")
+    version("3.0", sha256="a69deaf45478a59a69f77c4f7e9872967f1cfe996592dd12beb6318f18ea0bcd")
+    version("2.2", sha256="de9d777236fb290c335860b458131678f75aa0799c641490c644c843f0e246f8")
 
-    variant('shared', default=True,
-            description='Builds a shared version of the library')
-    variant('openmp', default=True,
-            description='Enable OpenMP support')
-    variant('threads', default=False,
-            description='Enable SMP threads support')
-    variant('debug', default=False,
-            description='Builds a debug version of the library')
+    variant("shared", default=True, description="Builds a shared version of the library")
+    variant("openmp", default=True, description="Enable OpenMP support")
+    variant("threads", default=False, description="Enable SMP threads support")
+    variant("debug", default=False, description="Builds a debug version of the library")
     variant(
-        'amd-fast-planner',
+        "amd-fast-planner",
         default=False,
-        description='Option to reduce the planning time without much'
-                    'tradeoff in the performance. It is supported for'
-                    'Float and double precisions only.')
+        description="Option to reduce the planning time without much"
+        "tradeoff in the performance. It is supported for"
+        "Float and double precisions only.",
+    )
+    variant("amd-top-n-planner", default=False, description="Build with amd-top-n-planner support")
     variant(
-        'amd-top-n-planner',
-        default=False,
-        description='Build with amd-top-n-planner support')
-    variant(
-        'amd-mpi-vader-limit',
-        default=False,
-        description='Build with amd-mpi-vader-limit support')
-    variant(
-        'static',
-        default=False,
-        description='Build with static suppport')
-    variant(
-        'amd-trans',
-        default=False,
-        description='Build with amd-trans suppport')
-    variant(
-        'amd-app-opt',
-        default=False,
-        description='Build with amd-app-opt suppport')
+        "amd-mpi-vader-limit", default=False, description="Build with amd-mpi-vader-limit support"
+    )
+    variant("static", default=False, description="Build with static suppport")
+    variant("amd-trans", default=False, description="Build with amd-trans suppport")
+    variant("amd-app-opt", default=False, description="Build with amd-app-opt suppport")
 
-    depends_on('texinfo')
+    depends_on("texinfo")
 
-    provides('fftw-api@3', when='@2:')
+    provides("fftw-api@3", when="@2:")
 
     conflicts(
-        'precision=quad',
-        when='@2.2 %aocc',
-        msg='Quad precision is not supported by AOCC clang version 2.2')
+        "precision=quad",
+        when="@2.2 %aocc",
+        msg="Quad precision is not supported by AOCC clang version 2.2",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+debug',
-        when='@2.2 %aocc',
-        msg='debug mode is not supported by AOCC clang version 2.2')
+        "+debug", when="@2.2 %aocc", msg="debug mode is not supported by AOCC clang version 2.2"
+    )
+    conflicts("%gcc@:7.2", when="@2.2:", msg="GCC version above 7.2 is required for AMDFFTW")
     conflicts(
-        '%gcc@:7.2',
-        when='@2.2:',
-        msg='GCC version above 7.2 is required for AMDFFTW')
+        "+amd-fast-planner ", when="+mpi", msg="mpi thread is not supported with amd-fast-planner"
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-fast-planner ',
-        when='+mpi',
-        msg='mpi thread is not supported with amd-fast-planner')
+        "+amd-fast-planner", when="@2.2", msg="amd-fast-planner is supported from 3.0 onwards"
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-fast-planner',
-        when='@2.2',
-        msg='amd-fast-planner is supported from 3.0 onwards')
+        "+amd-fast-planner",
+        when="precision=quad",
+        msg="Quad precision is not supported with amd-fast-planner",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-fast-planner',
-        when='precision=quad',
-        msg='Quad precision is not supported with amd-fast-planner')
+        "+amd-fast-planner",
+        when="precision=long_double",
+        msg="long_double precision is not supported with amd-fast-planner",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-fast-planner',
-        when='precision=long_double',
-        msg='long_double precision is not supported with amd-fast-planner')
+        "+amd-top-n-planner",
+        when="@:3.0.0",
+        msg="amd-top-n-planner is supported from 3.0.1 onwards",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-top-n-planner',
-        when='@:3.0.0',
-        msg='amd-top-n-planner is supported from 3.0.1 onwards')
+        "+amd-top-n-planner",
+        when="precision=long_double",
+        msg="long_double precision is not supported with amd-top-n-planner",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-top-n-planner',
-        when='precision=long_double',
-        msg='long_double precision is not supported with amd-top-n-planner')
+        "+amd-top-n-planner",
+        when="precision=quad",
+        msg="Quad precision is not supported with amd-top-n-planner",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-top-n-planner',
-        when='precision=quad',
-        msg='Quad precision is not supported with amd-top-n-planner')
+        "+amd-top-n-planner",
+        when="+amd-fast-planner",
+        msg="amd-top-n-planner cannot be used with amd-fast-planner",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-top-n-planner',
-        when='+amd-fast-planner',
-        msg='amd-top-n-planner cannot be used with amd-fast-planner')
+        "+amd-top-n-planner", when="+threads", msg="amd-top-n-planner works only for single thread"
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-top-n-planner',
-        when='+threads',
-        msg='amd-top-n-planner works only for single thread')
+        "+amd-top-n-planner", when="+mpi", msg="mpi thread is not supported with amd-top-n-planner"
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-top-n-planner',
-        when='+mpi',
-        msg='mpi thread is not supported with amd-top-n-planner')
+        "+amd-top-n-planner",
+        when="+openmp",
+        msg="openmp thread is not supported with amd-top-n-planner",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-top-n-planner',
-        when='+openmp',
-        msg='openmp thread is not supported with amd-top-n-planner')
+        "+amd-mpi-vader-limit",
+        when="@:3.0.0",
+        msg="amd-mpi-vader-limit is supported from 3.0.1 onwards",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-mpi-vader-limit',
-        when='@:3.0.0',
-        msg='amd-mpi-vader-limit is supported from 3.0.1 onwards')
+        "+amd-mpi-vader-limit",
+        when="precision=quad",
+        msg="Quad precision is not supported with amd-mpi-vader-limit",
+    )
+    conflicts("+amd-trans", when="+threads", msg="amd-trans works only for single thread")
+    conflicts("+amd-trans", when="+mpi", msg="mpi thread is not supported with amd-trans")
+    conflicts("+amd-trans", when="+openmp", msg="openmp thread is not supported with amd-trans")
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-mpi-vader-limit',
-        when='precision=quad',
-        msg='Quad precision is not supported with amd-mpi-vader-limit')
+        "+amd-trans",
+        when="precision=long_double",
+        msg="long_double precision is not supported with amd-trans",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-trans',
-        when='+threads',
-        msg='amd-trans works only for single thread')
+        "+amd-trans", when="precision=quad", msg="Quad precision is not supported with amd-trans"
+    )
+    conflicts("+amd-app-opt", when="@:3.0.1", msg="amd-app-opt is supported from 3.1 onwards")
+    conflicts("+amd-app-opt", when="+mpi", msg="mpi thread is not supported with amd-app-opt")
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-trans',
-        when='+mpi',
-        msg='mpi thread is not supported with amd-trans')
+        "+amd-app-opt",
+        when="precision=long_double",
+        msg="long_double precision is not supported with amd-app-opt",
+    )
     conflicts(
-        '+amd-trans',
-        when='+openmp',
-        msg='openmp thread is not supported with amd-trans')
-    conflicts(
-        '+amd-trans',
-        when='precision=long_double',
-        msg='long_double precision is not supported with amd-trans')
-    conflicts(
-        '+amd-trans',
-        when='precision=quad',
-        msg='Quad precision is not supported with amd-trans')
-    conflicts(
-        '+amd-app-opt',
-        when='@:3.0.1',
-        msg='amd-app-opt is supported from 3.1 onwards')
-    conflicts(
-        '+amd-app-opt',
-        when='+mpi',
-        msg='mpi thread is not supported with amd-app-opt')
-    conflicts(
-        '+amd-app-opt',
-        when='precision=long_double',
-        msg='long_double precision is not supported with amd-app-opt')
-    conflicts(
-        '+amd-app-opt',
-        when='precision=quad',
-        msg='Quad precision is not supported with amd-app-opt')
+        "+amd-app-opt",
+        when="precision=quad",
+        msg="Quad precision is not supported with amd-app-opt",
+    )
 
     def configure(self, spec, prefix):
         """Configure function"""
         # Base options
-        options = [
-            '--prefix={0}'.format(prefix),
-            '--enable-amd-opt'
-        ]
+        options = ["--prefix={0}".format(prefix), "--enable-amd-opt"]
 
         # Check if compiler is AOCC
-        if '%aocc' in spec:
-            options.append('CC={0}'.format(os.path.basename(spack_cc)))
-            options.append('FC={0}'.format(os.path.basename(spack_fc)))
-            options.append('F77={0}'.format(os.path.basename(spack_fc)))
+        if "%aocc" in spec:
+            options.append("CC={0}".format(os.path.basename(spack_cc)))
+            options.append("FC={0}".format(os.path.basename(spack_fc)))
+            options.append("F77={0}".format(os.path.basename(spack_fc)))
 
-        if '+debug' in spec:
-            options.append('--enable-debug')
+        if "+debug" in spec:
+            options.append("--enable-debug")
 
-        if '+mpi' in spec:
-            options.append('--enable-mpi')
-            options.append('--enable-amd-mpifft')
+        if "+mpi" in spec:
+            options.append("--enable-mpi")
+            options.append("--enable-amd-mpifft")
         else:
-            options.append('--disable-mpi')
-            options.append('--disable-amd-mpifft')
+            options.append("--disable-mpi")
+            options.append("--disable-amd-mpifft")
 
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('shared'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('openmp'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('threads'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('amd-fast-planner'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('amd-top-n-planner'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('amd-mpi-vader-limit'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('static'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('amd-trans'))
-        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable('amd-app-opt'))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("shared"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("openmp"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("threads"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("amd-fast-planner"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("amd-top-n-planner"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("amd-mpi-vader-limit"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("static"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("amd-trans"))
+        options.extend(self.enable_or_disable("amd-app-opt"))
 
         if not self.compiler.f77 or not self.compiler.fc:
-            options.append('--disable-fortran')
+            options.append("--disable-fortran")
 
         # Cross compilation is supported in amd-fftw by making use of target
         # variable to set AMD_ARCH configure option.
@@ -226,17 +196,16 @@ class Amdfftw(FftwBase):
         # use target variable to set appropriate -march option in AMD_ARCH.
         arch = spec.architecture
         options.append(
-            'AMD_ARCH={0}'.format(
-                arch.target.optimization_flags(
-                    spec.compiler).split('=')[-1]))
+            "AMD_ARCH={0}".format(arch.target.optimization_flags(spec.compiler).split("=")[-1])
+        )
 
         # Specific SIMD support.
         # float and double precisions are supported
-        simd_features = ['sse2', 'avx', 'avx2']
+        simd_features = ["sse2", "avx", "avx2"]
 
         simd_options = []
         for feature in simd_features:
-            msg = '--enable-{0}' if feature in spec.target else '--disable-{0}'
+            msg = "--enable-{0}" if feature in spec.target else "--disable-{0}"
             simd_options.append(msg.format(feature))
 
         # When enabling configure option "--enable-amd-opt", do not use the
@@ -246,20 +215,19 @@ class Amdfftw(FftwBase):
         # Double is the default precision, for all the others we need
         # to enable the corresponding option.
         enable_precision = {
-            'float': ['--enable-float'],
-            'double': None,
-            'long_double': ['--enable-long-double'],
-            'quad': ['--enable-quad-precision']
+            "float": ["--enable-float"],
+            "double": None,
+            "long_double": ["--enable-long-double"],
+            "quad": ["--enable-quad-precision"],
         }
 
         # Different precisions must be configured and compiled one at a time
-        configure = Executable('../configure')
+        configure = Executable("../configure")
         for precision in self.selected_precisions:
-
             opts = (enable_precision[precision] or []) + options[:]
 
             # SIMD optimizations are available only for float and double
-            if precision in ('float', 'double'):
+            if precision in ("float", "double"):
                 opts += simd_options
 
             with working_dir(precision, create=True):