mirrors: distinguish between source/binary mirror; simplify schema (#34523)

Allow the following formats:

```yaml
mirrors:
  name: <url>
```

```yaml
mirrors:
  name:
    url: s3://xyz
    access_pair: [x, y]
```

```yaml
mirrors:
  name:
    fetch: http://xyz
    push:
      url: s3://xyz
      access_pair: [x, y]
```

And reserve two new properties to indicate the mirror type (e.g.
mirror.spack.io is a source mirror, not a binary cache)

```yaml
mirrors:
  spack-public:
    source: true
    binary: false
    url: https://mirror.spack.io
```

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   # Run audits on all the packages in the built-in repository
   package-audits:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.operating_system }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        operating_system: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest"]
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
     - uses: actions/setup-python@bd6b4b6205c4dbad673328db7b31b7fab9e241c0 # @v2
@@ -41,4 +44,4 @@ jobs:
     - uses: codecov/codecov-action@eaaf4bedf32dbdc6b720b63067d99c4d77d6047d # @v2.1.0
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
       with:
-        flags: unittests,linux,audits
+        flags: unittests,audits

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@2b82ce82d56a2a04d2637cd93a637ae1b359c0a7 # @v1
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@16c0bc4a6e6ada2cfd8afd41d22d95379cf7c32a # @v1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4c0219f9ac95b02789c1075625400b2acbff50b1 # @v1
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
         uses: docker/login-action@465a07811f14bebb1938fbed4728c6a1ff8901fc # @v1

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,21 @@
+# v0.20.1 (2023-07-10)
+
+## Spack Bugfixes
+
+- Spec removed from an environment where not actually removed if `--force` was not given (#37877)
+- Speed-up module file generation (#37739)
+- Hotfix for a few recipes that treat CMake as a link dependency (#35816)
+- Fix re-running stand-alone test a second time, which was getting a trailing spurious failure (#37840)
+- Fixed reading JSON manifest on Cray, reporting non-concrete specs (#37909)
+- Fixed a few bugs when generating Dockerfiles from Spack (#37766,#37769)
+- Fixed a few long-standing bugs when generating module files (#36678,#38347,#38465,#38455)
+- Fixed issues with building Python extensions using an external Python (#38186)
+- Fixed compiler removal from command line (#38057)
+- Show external status as [e] (#33792)
+- Backported `archspec` fixes (#37793)
+- Improved a few error messages (#37791)
+
+
 # v0.20.0 (2023-05-21)
 
 `v0.20.0` is a major feature release.

bin/spack

@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ exit 1
 # Line above is a shell no-op, and ends a python multi-line comment.
 # The code above runs this file with our preferred python interpreter.
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import os.path
 import sys

etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml

@@ -216,10 +216,11 @@ config:
   # manipulation by unprivileged user (e.g. AFS)
   allow_sgid: true
 
-  # Whether to set the terminal title to display status information during
-  # building and installing packages. This gives information about Spack's
-  # current progress as well as the current and total number of packages.
-  terminal_title: false
+  # Whether to show status information during building and installing packages.
+  # This gives information about Spack's current progress as well as the current
+  # and total number of packages. Information is shown both in the terminal
+  # title and inline.
+  install_status: true
 
   # Number of seconds a buildcache's index.json is cached locally before probing
   # for updates, within a single Spack invocation. Defaults to 10 minutes.

etc/spack/defaults/mirrors.yaml

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 mirrors:
-  spack-public: https://mirror.spack.io
+  spack-public:
+    binary: false
+    url: https://mirror.spack.io

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/inteloneapipackage.rst

@@ -76,6 +76,53 @@ To build with with ``icx``, do ::
 
   spack install patchelf%oneapi
 
+
+Using oneAPI Spack environment
+-------------------------------
+
+In this example, we build lammps with ``icx`` using Spack environment for oneAPI packages created by Intel. The
+compilers are installed with Spack like in example above.
+
+Install the oneAPI compilers::
+
+  spack install intel-oneapi-compilers
+
+Add the compilers to your ``compilers.yaml`` so Spack can use them::
+
+  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64
+  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/linux/bin
+
+Verify that the compilers are available::
+
+  spack compiler list
+
+Clone `spack-configs <https://github.com/spack/spack-configs>`_ repo and activate Intel oneAPI CPU environment::
+
+  git clone https://github.com/spack/spack-configs
+  spack env activate spack-configs/INTEL/CPU
+  spack concretize -f
+
+`Intel oneAPI CPU environment <https://github.com/spack/spack-configs/blob/main/INTEL/CPU/spack.yaml>`_  contains applications tested and validated by Intel, this list is constantly extended. And currently it supports:
+
+- `GROMACS <https://www.gromacs.org/>`_
+- `HPCG <https://www.hpcg-benchmark.org/>`_
+- `HPL <https://netlib.org/benchmark/hpl/>`_
+- `LAMMPS <https://www.lammps.org/#gsc.tab=0>`_
+- `OpenFOAM <https://www.openfoam.com/>`_
+- `STREAM <https://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/>`_
+- `WRF <https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF>`_
+
+To build lammps with oneAPI compiler from this environment just run::
+
+  spack install lammps
+
+Compiled binaries can be find using::
+
+  spack cd -i lammps
+
+You can do the same for all other applications from this environment.
+
+
 Using oneAPI MPI to Satisfy a Virtual Dependence
 ------------------------------------------------------
 

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/sippackage.rst

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ arguments to the configure phase, you can use:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   def configure_args(self, spec, prefix):
+   def configure_args(self):
        return ['--no-python-dbus']
 
 

lib/spack/docs/conf.py

@@ -97,9 +97,7 @@ class PatchedPythonDomain(PythonDomain):
     def resolve_xref(self, env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode):
         if "refspecific" in node:
             del node["refspecific"]
-        return super(PatchedPythonDomain, self).resolve_xref(
-            env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode
-        )
+        return super().resolve_xref(env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode)
 
 
 #

lib/spack/docs/config_yaml.rst

@@ -292,12 +292,13 @@ It is also worth noting that:
          non_bindable_shared_objects = ["libinterface.so"]
 
 ----------------------
-``terminal_title``
+``install_status``
 ----------------------
 
-By setting this option to ``true``, Spack will update the terminal's title to
-provide information about its current progress as well as the current and
-total package numbers.
+When set to ``true``, Spack will show information about its current progress
+as well as the current and total package numbers. Progress is shown both
+in the terminal title and inline. Setting it to ``false`` will not show any
+progress information.
 
 To work properly, this requires your terminal to reset its title after
 Spack has finished its work, otherwise Spack's status information will

lib/spack/docs/module_file_support.rst

@@ -275,10 +275,12 @@ of the installed software. For instance, in the snippet below:
              set:
                BAR: 'bar'
          # This anonymous spec selects any package that
-         # depends on openmpi. The double colon at the
+         # depends on mpi. The double colon at the
          # end clears the set of rules that matched so far.
-         ^openmpi::
+         ^mpi::
            environment:
+             prepend_path:
+               PATH: '{^mpi.prefix}/bin'
              set:
                BAR: 'baz'
          # Selects any zlib package
@@ -293,7 +295,9 @@ of the installed software. For instance, in the snippet below:
              - FOOBAR
 
 you are instructing Spack to set the environment variable ``BAR=bar`` for every module,
-unless the associated spec satisfies ``^openmpi`` in which case ``BAR=baz``.
+unless the associated spec satisfies the abstract dependency ``^mpi`` in which case
+``BAR=baz``, and the directory containing the respective MPI executables is prepended
+to the ``PATH`` variable.
 In addition in any spec that satisfies ``zlib`` the value ``foo`` will be
 prepended to ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` and in any spec that satisfies ``zlib%gcc@4.8``
 the variable ``FOOBAR`` will be unset.

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Since v0.19, Spack supports  two ways of writing a package recipe. The most comm
 
        def url_for_version(self, version):
            if version >= Version("2.1.1"):
-               return super(Openjpeg, self).url_for_version(version)
+               return super().url_for_version(version)
            url_fmt = "https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg/archive/version.{0}.tar.gz"
            return url_fmt.format(version)
 
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ builder class explicitly. Using the same example as above, this reads:
 
        def url_for_version(self, version):
            if version >= Version("2.1.1"):
-               return super(Openjpeg, self).url_for_version(version)
+               return super().url_for_version(version)
            url_fmt = "https://github.com/uclouvain/openjpeg/archive/version.{0}.tar.gz"
            return url_fmt.format(version)
 

lib/spack/external/ctest_log_parser.py

@@ -65,9 +65,6 @@
 up to date with CTest, just make sure the ``*_matches`` and
 ``*_exceptions`` lists are kept up to date with CTest's build handler.
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
-from __future__ import division
-
 import re
 import math
 import multiprocessing
@@ -211,7 +208,7 @@
 ]
 
 
-class LogEvent(object):
+class LogEvent:
     """Class representing interesting events (e.g., errors) in a build log."""
     def __init__(self, text, line_no,
                  source_file=None, source_line_no=None,
@@ -348,7 +345,7 @@ def _parse_unpack(args):
     return _parse(*args)
 
 
-class CTestLogParser(object):
+class CTestLogParser:
     """Log file parser that extracts errors and warnings."""
     def __init__(self, profile=False):
         # whether to record timing information

lib/spack/llnl/util/argparsewriter.py

@@ -3,33 +3,42 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
+import abc
 import argparse
-import errno
 import io
 import re
 import sys
+from argparse import ArgumentParser
+from typing import IO, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
 
 
-class Command(object):
+class Command:
     """Parsed representation of a command from argparse.
 
-    This is a single command from an argparse parser. ``ArgparseWriter``
-    creates these and returns them from ``parse()``, and it passes one of
-    these to each call to ``format()`` so that we can take an action for
-    a single command.
-
-    Parts of a Command:
-      - prog: command name (str)
-      - description: command description (str)
-      - usage: command usage (str)
-      - positionals: list of positional arguments (list)
-      - optionals: list of optional arguments (list)
-      - subcommands: list of subcommand parsers (list)
+    This is a single command from an argparse parser. ``ArgparseWriter`` creates these and returns
+    them from ``parse()``, and it passes one of these to each call to ``format()`` so that we can
+    take an action for a single command.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, prog, description, usage, positionals, optionals, subcommands):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prog: str,
+        description: Optional[str],
+        usage: str,
+        positionals: Sequence[Tuple[str, str]],
+        optionals: Sequence[Tuple[Sequence[str], str, str]],
+        subcommands: Sequence[Tuple[ArgumentParser, str]],
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize a new Command instance.
+
+        Args:
+            prog: Program name.
+            description: Command description.
+            usage: Command usage.
+            positionals: List of positional arguments.
+            optionals: List of optional arguments.
+            subcommands: List of subcommand parsers.
+        """
         self.prog = prog
         self.description = description
         self.usage = usage
@@ -38,35 +47,34 @@ def __init__(self, prog, description, usage, positionals, optionals, subcommands
         self.subcommands = subcommands
 
 
-# NOTE: The only reason we subclass argparse.HelpFormatter is to get access
-# to self._expand_help(), ArgparseWriter is not intended to be used as a
-# formatter_class.
-class ArgparseWriter(argparse.HelpFormatter):
-    """Analyzes an argparse ArgumentParser for easy generation of help."""
+# NOTE: The only reason we subclass argparse.HelpFormatter is to get access to self._expand_help(),
+# ArgparseWriter is not intended to be used as a formatter_class.
+class ArgparseWriter(argparse.HelpFormatter, abc.ABC):
+    """Analyze an argparse ArgumentParser for easy generation of help."""
 
-    def __init__(self, prog, out=None, aliases=False):
-        """Initializes a new ArgparseWriter instance.
+    def __init__(self, prog: str, out: IO = sys.stdout, aliases: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Initialize a new ArgparseWriter instance.
 
-        Parameters:
-            prog (str): the program name
-            out (file object): the file to write to (default sys.stdout)
-            aliases (bool): whether or not to include subparsers for aliases
+        Args:
+            prog: Program name.
+            out: File object to write to.
+            aliases: Whether or not to include subparsers for aliases.
         """
-        super(ArgparseWriter, self).__init__(prog)
+        super().__init__(prog)
         self.level = 0
         self.prog = prog
-        self.out = sys.stdout if out is None else out
+        self.out = out
         self.aliases = aliases
 
-    def parse(self, parser, prog):
-        """Parses the parser object and returns the relavent components.
+    def parse(self, parser: ArgumentParser, prog: str) -> Command:
+        """Parse the parser object and return the relavent components.
 
-        Parameters:
-            parser (argparse.ArgumentParser): the parser
-            prog (str): the command name
+        Args:
+            parser: Command parser.
+            prog: Program name.
 
         Returns:
-            (Command) information about the command from the parser
+            Information about the command from the parser.
         """
         self.parser = parser
 
@@ -80,8 +88,7 @@ def parse(self, parser, prog):
         groups = parser._mutually_exclusive_groups
         usage = fmt._format_usage(None, actions, groups, "").strip()
 
-        # Go through actions and split them into optionals, positionals,
-        # and subcommands
+        # Go through actions and split them into optionals, positionals, and subcommands
         optionals = []
         positionals = []
         subcommands = []
@@ -98,7 +105,7 @@ def parse(self, parser, prog):
                     subcommands.append((subparser, subaction.dest))
 
                     # Look for aliases of the form 'name (alias, ...)'
-                    if self.aliases:
+                    if self.aliases and isinstance(subaction.metavar, str):
                         match = re.match(r"(.*) \((.*)\)", subaction.metavar)
                         if match:
                             aliases = match.group(2).split(", ")
@@ -113,28 +120,26 @@ def parse(self, parser, prog):
 
         return Command(prog, description, usage, positionals, optionals, subcommands)
 
-    def format(self, cmd):
-        """Returns the string representation of a single node in the
-        parser tree.
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def format(self, cmd: Command) -> str:
+        """Return the string representation of a single node in the parser tree.
 
-        Override this in subclasses to define how each subcommand
-        should be displayed.
+        Override this in subclasses to define how each subcommand should be displayed.
 
-        Parameters:
-            (Command): parsed information about a command or subcommand
+        Args:
+            cmd: Parsed information about a command or subcommand.
 
         Returns:
-            str: the string representation of this subcommand
+            String representation of this subcommand.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def _write(self, parser, prog, level=0):
-        """Recursively writes a parser.
+    def _write(self, parser: ArgumentParser, prog: str, level: int = 0) -> None:
+        """Recursively write a parser.
 
-        Parameters:
-            parser (argparse.ArgumentParser): the parser
-            prog (str): the command name
-            level (int): the current level
+        Args:
+            parser: Command parser.
+            prog: Program name.
+            level: Current level.
         """
         self.level = level
 
@@ -144,19 +149,17 @@ def _write(self, parser, prog, level=0):
         for subparser, prog in cmd.subcommands:
             self._write(subparser, prog, level=level + 1)
 
-    def write(self, parser):
+    def write(self, parser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
         """Write out details about an ArgumentParser.
 
         Args:
-            parser (argparse.ArgumentParser): the parser
+            parser: Command parser.
         """
         try:
             self._write(parser, self.prog)
-        except IOError as e:
+        except BrokenPipeError:
             # Swallow pipe errors
-            # Raises IOError in Python 2 and BrokenPipeError in Python 3
-            if e.errno != errno.EPIPE:
-                raise
+            pass
 
 
 _rst_levels = ["=", "-", "^", "~", ":", "`"]
@@ -165,21 +168,33 @@ def write(self, parser):
 class ArgparseRstWriter(ArgparseWriter):
     """Write argparse output as rst sections."""
 
-    def __init__(self, prog, out=None, aliases=False, rst_levels=_rst_levels):
-        """Create a new ArgparseRstWriter.
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        prog: str,
+        out: IO = sys.stdout,
+        aliases: bool = False,
+        rst_levels: Sequence[str] = _rst_levels,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize a new ArgparseRstWriter instance.
 
-        Parameters:
-            prog (str): program name
-            out (file object): file to write to
-            aliases (bool): whether or not to include subparsers for aliases
-            rst_levels (list of str): list of characters
-                for rst section headings
+        Args:
+            prog: Program name.
+            out: File object to write to.
+            aliases: Whether or not to include subparsers for aliases.
+            rst_levels: List of characters for rst section headings.
         """
-        out = sys.stdout if out is None else out
-        super(ArgparseRstWriter, self).__init__(prog, out, aliases)
+        super().__init__(prog, out, aliases)
         self.rst_levels = rst_levels
 
-    def format(self, cmd):
+    def format(self, cmd: Command) -> str:
+        """Return the string representation of a single node in the parser tree.
+
+        Args:
+            cmd: Parsed information about a command or subcommand.
+
+        Returns:
+            String representation of a node.
+        """
         string = io.StringIO()
         string.write(self.begin_command(cmd.prog))
 
@@ -205,7 +220,15 @@ def format(self, cmd):
 
         return string.getvalue()
 
-    def begin_command(self, prog):
+    def begin_command(self, prog: str) -> str:
+        """Text to print before a command.
+
+        Args:
+            prog: Program name.
+
+        Returns:
+            Text before a command.
+        """
         return """
 ----
 
@@ -218,10 +241,26 @@ def begin_command(self, prog):
             prog.replace(" ", "-"), prog, self.rst_levels[self.level] * len(prog)
         )
 
-    def description(self, description):
+    def description(self, description: str) -> str:
+        """Description of a command.
+
+        Args:
+            description: Command description.
+
+        Returns:
+            Description of a command.
+        """
         return description + "\n\n"
 
-    def usage(self, usage):
+    def usage(self, usage: str) -> str:
+        """Example usage of a command.
+
+        Args:
+            usage: Command usage.
+
+        Returns:
+            Usage of a command.
+        """
         return """\
 .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -231,10 +270,24 @@ def usage(self, usage):
             usage
         )
 
-    def begin_positionals(self):
+    def begin_positionals(self) -> str:
+        """Text to print before positional arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Positional arguments header.
+        """
         return "\n**Positional arguments**\n\n"
 
-    def positional(self, name, help):
+    def positional(self, name: str, help: str) -> str:
+        """Description of a positional argument.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Argument name.
+            help: Help text.
+
+        Returns:
+            Positional argument description.
+        """
         return """\
 {0}
   {1}
@@ -243,13 +296,32 @@ def positional(self, name, help):
             name, help
         )
 
-    def end_positionals(self):
+    def end_positionals(self) -> str:
+        """Text to print after positional arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Positional arguments footer.
+        """
         return ""
 
-    def begin_optionals(self):
+    def begin_optionals(self) -> str:
+        """Text to print before optional arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional arguments header.
+        """
         return "\n**Optional arguments**\n\n"
 
-    def optional(self, opts, help):
+    def optional(self, opts: str, help: str) -> str:
+        """Description of an optional argument.
+
+        Args:
+            opts: Optional argument.
+            help: Help text.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional argument description.
+        """
         return """\
 ``{0}``
   {1}
@@ -258,10 +330,23 @@ def optional(self, opts, help):
             opts, help
         )
 
-    def end_optionals(self):
+    def end_optionals(self) -> str:
+        """Text to print after optional arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Optional arguments footer.
+        """
         return ""
 
-    def begin_subcommands(self, subcommands):
+    def begin_subcommands(self, subcommands: Sequence[Tuple[ArgumentParser, str]]) -> str:
+        """Table with links to other subcommands.
+
+        Arguments:
+            subcommands: List of subcommands.
+
+        Returns:
+            Subcommand linking text.
+        """
         string = """
 **Subcommands**
 
@@ -280,29 +365,25 @@ def begin_subcommands(self, subcommands):
 class ArgparseCompletionWriter(ArgparseWriter):
     """Write argparse output as shell programmable tab completion functions."""
 
-    def format(self, cmd):
-        """Returns the string representation of a single node in the
-        parser tree.
+    def format(self, cmd: Command) -> str:
+        """Return the string representation of a single node in the parser tree.
 
-        Override this in subclasses to define how each subcommand
-        should be displayed.
-
-        Parameters:
-            (Command): parsed information about a command or subcommand
+        Args:
+            cmd: Parsed information about a command or subcommand.
 
         Returns:
-            str: the string representation of this subcommand
+            String representation of this subcommand.
         """
 
         assert cmd.optionals  # we should always at least have -h, --help
         assert not (cmd.positionals and cmd.subcommands)  # one or the other
 
         # We only care about the arguments/flags, not the help messages
-        positionals = []
+        positionals: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
         if cmd.positionals:
             positionals, _ = zip(*cmd.positionals)
         optionals, _, _ = zip(*cmd.optionals)
-        subcommands = []
+        subcommands: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
         if cmd.subcommands:
             _, subcommands = zip(*cmd.subcommands)
 
@@ -315,71 +396,73 @@ def format(self, cmd):
             + self.end_function(cmd.prog)
         )
 
-    def start_function(self, prog):
-        """Returns the syntax needed to begin a function definition.
+    def start_function(self, prog: str) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax needed to begin a function definition.
 
-        Parameters:
-            prog (str): the command name
+        Args:
+            prog: Program name.
 
         Returns:
-            str: the function definition beginning
+            Function definition beginning.
         """
         name = prog.replace("-", "_").replace(" ", "_")
         return "\n_{0}() {{".format(name)
 
-    def end_function(self, prog=None):
-        """Returns the syntax needed to end a function definition.
+    def end_function(self, prog: str) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax needed to end a function definition.
 
-        Parameters:
-            prog (str or None): the command name
+        Args:
+            prog: Program name
 
         Returns:
-            str: the function definition ending
+            Function definition ending.
         """
         return "}\n"
 
-    def body(self, positionals, optionals, subcommands):
-        """Returns the body of the function.
+    def body(
+        self, positionals: Sequence[str], optionals: Sequence[str], subcommands: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> str:
+        """Return the body of the function.
 
-        Parameters:
-            positionals (list): list of positional arguments
-            optionals (list): list of optional arguments
-            subcommands (list): list of subcommand parsers
+        Args:
+            positionals: List of positional arguments.
+            optionals: List of optional arguments.
+            subcommands: List of subcommand parsers.
 
         Returns:
-            str: the function body
+            Function body.
         """
         return ""
 
-    def positionals(self, positionals):
-        """Returns the syntax for reporting positional arguments.
+    def positionals(self, positionals: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax for reporting positional arguments.
 
-        Parameters:
-            positionals (list): list of positional arguments
+        Args:
+            positionals: List of positional arguments.
 
         Returns:
-            str: the syntax for positional arguments
+            Syntax for positional arguments.
         """
         return ""
 
-    def optionals(self, optionals):
-        """Returns the syntax for reporting optional flags.
+    def optionals(self, optionals: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax for reporting optional flags.
 
-        Parameters:
-            optionals (list): list of optional arguments
+        Args:
+            optionals: List of optional arguments.
 
         Returns:
-            str: the syntax for optional flags
+            Syntax for optional flags.
         """
         return ""
 
-    def subcommands(self, subcommands):
-        """Returns the syntax for reporting subcommands.
+    def subcommands(self, subcommands: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax for reporting subcommands.
 
-        Parameters:
-            subcommands (list): list of subcommand parsers
+        Args:
+            subcommands: List of subcommand parsers.
 
         Returns:
-            str: the syntax for subcommand parsers
+            Syntax for subcommand parsers
         """
         return ""

lib/spack/llnl/util/filesystem.py

@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ def groupid_to_group(x):
                 os.remove(backup_filename)
 
 
-class FileFilter(object):
+class FileFilter:
     """Convenience class for calling ``filter_file`` a lot."""
 
     def __init__(self, *filenames):
@@ -610,6 +610,8 @@ def chgrp(path, group, follow_symlinks=True):
         gid = grp.getgrnam(group).gr_gid
     else:
         gid = group
+    if os.stat(path).st_gid == gid:
+        return
     if follow_symlinks:
         os.chown(path, -1, gid)
     else:
@@ -1336,7 +1338,7 @@ def lexists_islink_isdir(path):
     return True, is_link, is_dir
 
 
-class BaseDirectoryVisitor(object):
+class BaseDirectoryVisitor:
     """Base class and interface for :py:func:`visit_directory_tree`."""
 
     def visit_file(self, root, rel_path, depth):
@@ -1890,7 +1892,7 @@ class HeaderList(FileList):
     include_regex = re.compile(r"(.*?)(\binclude\b)(.*)")
 
     def __init__(self, files):
-        super(HeaderList, self).__init__(files)
+        super().__init__(files)
 
         self._macro_definitions = []
         self._directories = None
@@ -1916,7 +1918,7 @@ def _default_directories(self):
         """Default computation of directories based on the list of
         header files.
         """
-        dir_list = super(HeaderList, self).directories
+        dir_list = super().directories
         values = []
         for d in dir_list:
             # If the path contains a subdirectory named 'include' then stop
@@ -2352,7 +2354,7 @@ def find_all_libraries(root, recursive=False):
     )
 
 
-class WindowsSimulatedRPath(object):
+class WindowsSimulatedRPath:
     """Class representing Windows filesystem rpath analog
 
     One instance of this class is associated with a package (only on Windows)

lib/spack/llnl/util/lang.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import division
-
 import collections.abc
 import contextlib
 import functools
@@ -768,10 +766,10 @@ def pretty_seconds(seconds):
 
 class RequiredAttributeError(ValueError):
     def __init__(self, message):
-        super(RequiredAttributeError, self).__init__(message)
+        super().__init__(message)
 
 
-class ObjectWrapper(object):
+class ObjectWrapper:
     """Base class that wraps an object. Derived classes can add new behavior
     while staying undercover.
 
@@ -798,7 +796,7 @@ def __init__(self, wrapped_object):
         self.__dict__ = wrapped_object.__dict__
 
 
-class Singleton(object):
+class Singleton:
     """Simple wrapper for lazily initialized singleton objects."""
 
     def __init__(self, factory):
@@ -845,7 +843,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         return repr(self.instance)
 
 
-class LazyReference(object):
+class LazyReference:
     """Lazily evaluated reference to part of a singleton."""
 
     def __init__(self, ref_function):
@@ -943,7 +941,7 @@ def _wrapper(args):
     return _wrapper
 
 
-class Devnull(object):
+class Devnull:
     """Null stream with less overhead than ``os.devnull``.
 
     See https://stackoverflow.com/a/2929954.
@@ -1060,7 +1058,7 @@ def __str__(self):
         return str(self.data)
 
 
-class GroupedExceptionHandler(object):
+class GroupedExceptionHandler:
     """A generic mechanism to coalesce multiple exceptions and preserve tracebacks."""
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -1091,7 +1089,7 @@ def grouped_message(self, with_tracebacks: bool = True) -> str:
         return "due to the following failures:\n{0}".format("\n".join(each_exception_message))
 
 
-class GroupedExceptionForwarder(object):
+class GroupedExceptionForwarder:
     """A contextmanager to capture exceptions and forward them to a
     GroupedExceptionHandler."""
 
@@ -1111,7 +1109,7 @@ def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
         return True
 
 
-class classproperty(object):
+class classproperty:
     """Non-data descriptor to evaluate a class-level property. The function that performs
     the evaluation is injected at creation time and take an instance (could be None) and
     an owner (i.e. the class that originated the instance)

lib/spack/llnl/util/link_tree.py

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 
 """LinkTree class for setting up trees of symbolic links."""
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import filecmp
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -287,7 +285,7 @@ def visit_symlinked_file(self, root, rel_path, depth):
         self.visit_file(root, rel_path, depth)
 
 
-class LinkTree(object):
+class LinkTree:
     """Class to create trees of symbolic links from a source directory.
 
     LinkTree objects are constructed with a source root.  Their
@@ -432,12 +430,12 @@ class MergeConflictError(Exception):
 
 class ConflictingSpecsError(MergeConflictError):
     def __init__(self, spec_1, spec_2):
-        super(MergeConflictError, self).__init__(spec_1, spec_2)
+        super().__init__(spec_1, spec_2)
 
 
 class SingleMergeConflictError(MergeConflictError):
     def __init__(self, path):
-        super(MergeConflictError, self).__init__("Package merge blocked by file: %s" % path)
+        super().__init__("Package merge blocked by file: %s" % path)
 
 
 class MergeConflictSummary(MergeConflictError):
@@ -452,4 +450,4 @@ def __init__(self, conflicts):
             msg += "\n    `{0}` and `{1}` both project to `{2}`".format(
                 conflict.src_a, conflict.src_b, conflict.dst
             )
-        super(MergeConflictSummary, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)

lib/spack/llnl/util/lock.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 true_fn = lambda: True
 
 
-class OpenFile(object):
+class OpenFile:
     """Record for keeping track of open lockfiles (with reference counting).
 
     There's really only one ``OpenFile`` per inode, per process, but we record the
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def __init__(self, fh):
         self.refs = 0
 
 
-class OpenFileTracker(object):
+class OpenFileTracker:
     """Track open lockfiles, to minimize number of open file descriptors.
 
     The ``fcntl`` locks that Spack uses are associated with an inode and a process.
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ def _attempts_str(wait_time, nattempts):
     return " after {} and {}".format(pretty_seconds(wait_time), attempts)
 
 
-class LockType(object):
+class LockType:
     READ = 0
     WRITE = 1
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ def is_valid(op):
         return op == LockType.READ or op == LockType.WRITE
 
 
-class Lock(object):
+class Lock:
     """This is an implementation of a filesystem lock using Python's lockf.
 
     In Python, ``lockf`` actually calls ``fcntl``, so this should work with
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ def _status_msg(self, locktype, status):
         )
 
 
-class LockTransaction(object):
+class LockTransaction:
     """Simple nested transaction context manager that uses a file lock.
 
     Arguments:
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ class LockDowngradeError(LockError):
 
     def __init__(self, path):
         msg = "Cannot downgrade lock from write to read on file: %s" % path
-        super(LockDowngradeError, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class LockLimitError(LockError):
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ class LockTimeoutError(LockError):
 
     def __init__(self, lock_type, path, time, attempts):
         fmt = "Timed out waiting for a {} lock after {}.\n    Made {} {} on file: {}"
-        super(LockTimeoutError, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             fmt.format(
                 lock_type,
                 pretty_seconds(time),
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ class LockUpgradeError(LockError):
 
     def __init__(self, path):
         msg = "Cannot upgrade lock from read to write on file: %s" % path
-        super(LockUpgradeError, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class LockPermissionError(LockError):
@@ -810,7 +810,7 @@ class LockROFileError(LockPermissionError):
 
     def __init__(self, path):
         msg = "Can't take write lock on read-only file: %s" % path
-        super(LockROFileError, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class CantCreateLockError(LockPermissionError):
@@ -819,4 +819,4 @@ class CantCreateLockError(LockPermissionError):
     def __init__(self, path):
         msg = "cannot create lock '%s': " % path
         msg += "file does not exist and location is not writable"
-        super(LockError, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/__init__.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import contextlib
 import io
 import os

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/colify.py

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 """
 Routines for printing columnar output.  See ``colify()`` for more information.
 """
-from __future__ import division, unicode_literals
-
 import io
 import os
 import sys

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/color.py

@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@
 
 To output an @, use '@@'.  To output a } inside braces, use '}}'.
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import re
 import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ class ColorParseError(Exception):
     """Raised when a color format fails to parse."""
 
     def __init__(self, message):
-        super(ColorParseError, self).__init__(message)
+        super().__init__(message)
 
 
 # Text styles for ansi codes
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ def color_when(value):
     set_color_when(old_value)
 
 
-class match_to_ansi(object):
+class match_to_ansi:
     def __init__(self, color=True, enclose=False):
         self.color = _color_when_value(color)
         self.enclose = enclose
@@ -321,7 +319,7 @@ def cescape(string):
     return string
 
 
-class ColorStream(object):
+class ColorStream:
     def __init__(self, stream, color=None):
         self._stream = stream
         self._color = color

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/log.py

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 
 """Utility classes for logging the output of blocks of code.
 """
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
-
 import atexit
 import ctypes
 import errno
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ def _strip(line):
     return _escape.sub("", line)
 
 
-class keyboard_input(object):
+class keyboard_input:
     """Context manager to disable line editing and echoing.
 
     Use this with ``sys.stdin`` for keyboard input, e.g.::
@@ -244,7 +242,7 @@ def __exit__(self, exc_type, exception, traceback):
                 signal.signal(signum, old_handler)
 
 
-class Unbuffered(object):
+class Unbuffered:
     """Wrapper for Python streams that forces them to be unbuffered.
 
     This is implemented by forcing a flush after each write.
@@ -289,7 +287,7 @@ def _file_descriptors_work(*streams):
         return False
 
 
-class FileWrapper(object):
+class FileWrapper:
     """Represents a file. Can be an open stream, a path to a file (not opened
     yet), or neither. When unwrapped, it returns an open file (or file-like)
     object.
@@ -331,7 +329,7 @@ def close(self):
             self.file.close()
 
 
-class MultiProcessFd(object):
+class MultiProcessFd:
     """Return an object which stores a file descriptor and can be passed as an
     argument to a function run with ``multiprocessing.Process``, such that
     the file descriptor is available in the subprocess."""
@@ -431,7 +429,7 @@ def log_output(*args, **kwargs):
         return nixlog(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
-class nixlog(object):
+class nixlog:
     """
     Under the hood, we spawn a daemon and set up a pipe between this
     process and the daemon.  The daemon writes our output to both the
@@ -752,7 +750,7 @@ def close(self):
                 os.close(self.saved_stream)
 
 
-class winlog(object):
+class winlog:
     """
     Similar to nixlog, with underlying
     functionality ported to support Windows.

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/pty.py

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 
 Note: The functionality in this module is unsupported on Windows
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import multiprocessing
 import os
 import re
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@
     pass
 
 
-class ProcessController(object):
+class ProcessController:
     """Wrapper around some fundamental process control operations.
 
     This allows one process (the controller) to drive another (the
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ def wait_running(self):
         self.wait(lambda: "T" not in self.proc_status())
 
 
-class PseudoShell(object):
+class PseudoShell:
     """Sets up controller and minion processes with a PTY.
 
     You can create a ``PseudoShell`` if you want to test how some

lib/spack/spack/abi.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 from spack.util.executable import Executable, ProcessError
 
 
-class ABI(object):
+class ABI:
     """This class provides methods to test ABI compatibility between specs.
     The current implementation is rather rough and could be improved."""
 

lib/spack/spack/audit.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def _search_duplicate_compilers(error_cls):
 GROUPS = collections.defaultdict(list)
 
 
-class Error(object):
+class Error:
     """Information on an error reported in a test."""
 
     def __init__(self, summary, details):
@@ -725,11 +725,22 @@ def _version_constraints_are_satisfiable_by_some_version_in_repo(pkgs, error_cls
 
             dependencies_to_check.extend([edge.spec for edge in dependency_data.values()])
 
+        host_architecture = spack.spec.ArchSpec.default_arch()
         for s in dependencies_to_check:
             dependency_pkg_cls = None
             try:
                 dependency_pkg_cls = spack.repo.path.get_pkg_class(s.name)
-                assert any(v.intersects(s.versions) for v in list(dependency_pkg_cls.versions))
+                # Some packages have hacks that might cause failures on some platform
+                # Allow to explicitly set conditions to skip version checks in that case
+                skip_conditions = getattr(dependency_pkg_cls, "skip_version_audit", [])
+                skip_version_check = False
+                for condition in skip_conditions:
+                    if host_architecture.satisfies(spack.spec.Spec(condition).architecture):
+                        skip_version_check = True
+                        break
+                assert skip_version_check or any(
+                    v.intersects(s.versions) for v in list(dependency_pkg_cls.versions)
+                )
             except Exception:
                 summary = (
                     "{0}: dependency on {1} cannot be satisfied " "by known versions of {1.name}"

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ def __init__(self, errors):
         else:
             err = errors[0]
             self.message = "{0}: {1}".format(err.__class__.__name__, str(err))
-        super(FetchCacheError, self).__init__(self.message)
+        super().__init__(self.message)
 
 
 class ListMirrorSpecsError(spack.error.SpackError):
     """Raised when unable to retrieve list of specs from the mirror"""
 
 
-class BinaryCacheIndex(object):
+class BinaryCacheIndex:
     """
     The BinaryCacheIndex tracks what specs are available on (usually remote)
     binary caches.
@@ -317,9 +317,9 @@ def update(self, with_cooldown=False):
         from each configured mirror and stored locally (both in memory and
         on disk under ``_index_cache_root``)."""
         self._init_local_index_cache()
-
-        mirrors = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection()
-        configured_mirror_urls = [m.fetch_url for m in mirrors.values()]
+        configured_mirror_urls = [
+            m.fetch_url for m in spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(binary=True).values()
+        ]
         items_to_remove = []
         spec_cache_clear_needed = False
         spec_cache_regenerate_needed = not self._mirrors_for_spec
@@ -517,9 +517,7 @@ class NoOverwriteException(spack.error.SpackError):
     """Raised when a file would be overwritten"""
 
     def __init__(self, file_path):
-        super(NoOverwriteException, self).__init__(
-            f"Refusing to overwrite the following file: {file_path}"
-        )
+        super().__init__(f"Refusing to overwrite the following file: {file_path}")
 
 
 class NoGpgException(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -528,7 +526,7 @@ class NoGpgException(spack.error.SpackError):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, msg):
-        super(NoGpgException, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class NoKeyException(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -537,7 +535,7 @@ class NoKeyException(spack.error.SpackError):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, msg):
-        super(NoKeyException, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class PickKeyException(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -548,7 +546,7 @@ class PickKeyException(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self, keys):
         err_msg = "Multiple keys available for signing\n%s\n" % keys
         err_msg += "Use spack buildcache create -k <key hash> to pick a key."
-        super(PickKeyException, self).__init__(err_msg)
+        super().__init__(err_msg)
 
 
 class NoVerifyException(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -565,7 +563,7 @@ class NoChecksumException(spack.error.SpackError):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, path, size, contents, algorithm, expected, computed):
-        super(NoChecksumException, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             f"{algorithm} checksum failed for {path}",
             f"Expected {expected} but got {computed}. "
             f"File size = {size} bytes. Contents = {contents!r}",
@@ -578,7 +576,7 @@ class NewLayoutException(spack.error.SpackError):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, msg):
-        super(NewLayoutException, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class UnsignedPackageException(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -1467,8 +1465,9 @@ def download_tarball(spec, unsigned=False, mirrors_for_spec=None):
            "signature_verified": "true-if-binary-pkg-was-already-verified"
        }
     """
-    if not spack.mirror.MirrorCollection():
-        tty.die("Please add a spack mirror to allow " + "download of pre-compiled packages.")
+    configured_mirrors = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(binary=True).values()
+    if not configured_mirrors:
+        tty.die("Please add a spack mirror to allow download of pre-compiled packages.")
 
     tarball = tarball_path_name(spec, ".spack")
     specfile_prefix = tarball_name(spec, ".spec")
@@ -1485,11 +1484,7 @@ def download_tarball(spec, unsigned=False, mirrors_for_spec=None):
     # we need was in an un-indexed mirror.  No need to check any
     # mirror for the spec twice though.
     try_first = [i["mirror_url"] for i in mirrors_for_spec] if mirrors_for_spec else []
-    try_next = [
-        i.fetch_url
-        for i in spack.mirror.MirrorCollection().values()
-        if i.fetch_url not in try_first
-    ]
+    try_next = [i.fetch_url for i in configured_mirrors if i.fetch_url not in try_first]
 
     for url in try_first + try_next:
         mirrors_to_try.append(
@@ -1982,7 +1977,9 @@ def try_direct_fetch(spec, mirrors=None):
     specfile_is_signed = False
     found_specs = []
 
-    for mirror in spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors=mirrors).values():
+    binary_mirrors = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors=mirrors, binary=True).values()
+
+    for mirror in binary_mirrors:
         buildcache_fetch_url_json = url_util.join(
             mirror.fetch_url, _build_cache_relative_path, specfile_name
         )
@@ -2045,7 +2042,7 @@ def get_mirrors_for_spec(spec=None, mirrors_to_check=None, index_only=False):
     if spec is None:
         return []
 
-    if not spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors=mirrors_to_check):
+    if not spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors=mirrors_to_check, binary=True):
         tty.debug("No Spack mirrors are currently configured")
         return {}
 
@@ -2084,7 +2081,7 @@ def clear_spec_cache():
 
 def get_keys(install=False, trust=False, force=False, mirrors=None):
     """Get pgp public keys available on mirror with suffix .pub"""
-    mirror_collection = mirrors or spack.mirror.MirrorCollection()
+    mirror_collection = mirrors or spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(binary=True)
 
     if not mirror_collection:
         tty.die("Please add a spack mirror to allow " + "download of build caches.")
@@ -2245,7 +2242,7 @@ def check_specs_against_mirrors(mirrors, specs, output_file=None):
 
     """
     rebuilds = {}
-    for mirror in spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors).values():
+    for mirror in spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors, binary=True).values():
         tty.debug("Checking for built specs at {0}".format(mirror.fetch_url))
 
         rebuild_list = []
@@ -2289,7 +2286,7 @@ def _download_buildcache_entry(mirror_root, descriptions):
 
 
 def download_buildcache_entry(file_descriptions, mirror_url=None):
-    if not mirror_url and not spack.mirror.MirrorCollection():
+    if not mirror_url and not spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(binary=True):
         tty.die(
             "Please provide or add a spack mirror to allow " + "download of buildcache entries."
         )
@@ -2298,7 +2295,7 @@ def download_buildcache_entry(file_descriptions, mirror_url=None):
         mirror_root = os.path.join(mirror_url, _build_cache_relative_path)
         return _download_buildcache_entry(mirror_root, file_descriptions)
 
-    for mirror in spack.mirror.MirrorCollection().values():
+    for mirror in spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(binary=True).values():
         mirror_root = os.path.join(mirror.fetch_url, _build_cache_relative_path)
 
         if _download_buildcache_entry(mirror_root, file_descriptions):
@@ -2337,7 +2334,7 @@ def download_single_spec(concrete_spec, destination, mirror_url=None):
     return download_buildcache_entry(files_to_fetch, mirror_url)
 
 
-class BinaryCacheQuery(object):
+class BinaryCacheQuery:
     """Callable object to query if a spec is in a binary cache"""
 
     def __init__(self, all_architectures):

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class MakeExecutable(Executable):
 
     def __init__(self, name, jobs, **kwargs):
         supports_jobserver = kwargs.pop("supports_jobserver", True)
-        super(MakeExecutable, self).__init__(name, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, **kwargs)
         self.supports_jobserver = supports_jobserver
         self.jobs = jobs
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
             if jobs_env_jobs is not None:
                 kwargs["extra_env"] = {jobs_env: str(jobs_env_jobs)}
 
-        return super(MakeExecutable, self).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
+        return super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
 def _on_cray():
@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ class ChildError(InstallError):
     build_errors = [("spack.util.executable", "ProcessError")]
 
     def __init__(self, msg, module, classname, traceback_string, log_name, log_type, context):
-        super(ChildError, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
         self.module = module
         self.name = classname
         self.traceback = traceback_string

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cached_cmake.py

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def initconfig(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
 
     @property
     def std_cmake_args(self):
-        args = super(CachedCMakeBuilder, self).std_cmake_args
+        args = super().std_cmake_args
         args.extend(["-C", self.cache_path])
         return args
 

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py

@@ -296,8 +296,46 @@ def std_args(pkg, generator=None):
                 define("CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH", spack.build_environment.get_cmake_prefix_path(pkg)),
             ]
         )
+
         return args
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def define_cuda_architectures(pkg):
+        """Returns the str ``-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES:STRING=(expanded cuda_arch)``.
+
+        ``cuda_arch`` is variant composed of a list of target CUDA architectures and
+        it is declared in the cuda package.
+
+        This method is no-op for cmake<3.18 and when ``cuda_arch`` variant is not set.
+
+        """
+        cmake_flag = str()
+        if "cuda_arch" in pkg.spec.variants and pkg.spec.satisfies("^cmake@3.18:"):
+            cmake_flag = CMakeBuilder.define(
+                "CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES", pkg.spec.variants["cuda_arch"].value
+            )
+
+        return cmake_flag
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def define_hip_architectures(pkg):
+        """Returns the str ``-DCMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES:STRING=(expanded amdgpu_target)``.
+
+        ``amdgpu_target`` is variant composed of a list of the target HIP
+        architectures and it is declared in the rocm package.
+
+        This method is no-op for cmake<3.18 and when ``amdgpu_target`` variant is
+        not set.
+
+        """
+        cmake_flag = str()
+        if "amdgpu_target" in pkg.spec.variants and pkg.spec.satisfies("^cmake@3.21:"):
+            cmake_flag = CMakeBuilder.define(
+                "CMAKE_HIP_ARCHITECTURES", pkg.spec.variants["amdgpu_target"].value
+            )
+
+        return cmake_flag
+
     @staticmethod
     def define(cmake_var, value):
         """Return a CMake command line argument that defines a variable.

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/oneapi.py

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def libs(self):
         return find_libraries("*", root=lib_path, shared=True, recursive=True)
 
 
-class IntelOneApiStaticLibraryList(object):
+class IntelOneApiStaticLibraryList:
     """Provides ld_flags when static linking is needed
 
     Oneapi puts static and dynamic libraries in the same directory, so

lib/spack/spack/builder.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def create(pkg):
     return _BUILDERS[id(pkg)]
 
 
-class _PhaseAdapter(object):
+class _PhaseAdapter:
     def __init__(self, builder, phase_fn):
         self.builder = builder
         self.phase_fn = phase_fn
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class hierarchy (look at AspellDictPackage for an example of that)
     # package. The semantic should be the same as the method in the base builder were still
     # present in the base class of the package.
 
-    class _ForwardToBaseBuilder(object):
+    class _ForwardToBaseBuilder:
         def __init__(self, wrapped_pkg_object, root_builder):
             self.wrapped_package_object = wrapped_pkg_object
             self.root_builder = root_builder
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ def __init__(self, pkg):
             # Attribute containing the package wrapped in dispatcher with a `__getattr__`
             # method that will forward certain calls to the default builder.
             self.pkg_with_dispatcher = _ForwardToBaseBuilder(pkg, root_builder=self)
-            super(Adapter, self).__init__(pkg)
+            super().__init__(pkg)
 
         # These two methods don't follow the (self, spec, prefix) signature of phases nor
         # the (self) signature of methods, so they are added explicitly to avoid using a
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ def __new__(mcs, name, bases, attr_dict):
         return super(_PackageAdapterMeta, mcs).__new__(mcs, name, bases, attr_dict)
 
 
-class InstallationPhase(object):
+class InstallationPhase:
     """Manages a single phase of the installation.
 
     This descriptor stores at creation time the name of the method it should
@@ -530,9 +530,9 @@ def setup_build_environment(self, env):
                 modifications to be applied when the package is built. Package authors
                 can call methods on it to alter the build environment.
         """
-        if not hasattr(super(Builder, self), "setup_build_environment"):
+        if not hasattr(super(), "setup_build_environment"):
             return
-        super(Builder, self).setup_build_environment(env)
+        super().setup_build_environment(env)
 
     def setup_dependent_build_environment(self, env, dependent_spec):
         """Sets up the build environment of packages that depend on this one.
@@ -563,9 +563,9 @@ def setup_dependent_build_environment(self, env, dependent_spec):
                 the dependent's state. Note that *this* package's spec is
                 available as ``self.spec``
         """
-        if not hasattr(super(Builder, self), "setup_dependent_build_environment"):
+        if not hasattr(super(), "setup_dependent_build_environment"):
             return
-        super(Builder, self).setup_dependent_build_environment(env, dependent_spec)
+        super().setup_dependent_build_environment(env, dependent_spec)
 
     def __getitem__(self, idx):
         key = self.phases[idx]

lib/spack/spack/caches.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def _fetch_cache():
     return spack.fetch_strategy.FsCache(path)
 
 
-class MirrorCache(object):
+class MirrorCache:
     def __init__(self, root, skip_unstable_versions):
         self.root = os.path.abspath(root)
         self.skip_unstable_versions = skip_unstable_versions

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 PushResult = namedtuple("PushResult", "success url")
 
 
-class TemporaryDirectory(object):
+class TemporaryDirectory:
     def __init__(self):
         self.temporary_directory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ def _print_staging_summary(spec_labels, stages, mirrors_to_check, rebuild_decisi
     if not stages:
         return
 
-    mirrors = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors=mirrors_to_check)
+    mirrors = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(mirrors=mirrors_to_check, binary=True)
     tty.msg("Checked the following mirrors for binaries:")
     for m in mirrors.values():
         tty.msg("  {0}".format(m.fetch_url))
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ def _unpack_script(script_section, op=_noop):
     return script
 
 
-class RebuildDecision(object):
+class RebuildDecision:
     def __init__(self):
         self.rebuild = True
         self.mirrors = []
@@ -1257,20 +1257,11 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
 
         output_object["stages"] = stage_names
 
-        # Capture the version of spack used to generate the pipeline, transform it
-        # into a value that can be passed to "git checkout", and save it in a
-        # global yaml variable
+        # Capture the version of Spack used to generate the pipeline, that can be
+        # passed to `git checkout` for version consistency. If we aren't in a Git
+        # repository, presume we are a Spack release and use the Git tag instead.
         spack_version = spack.main.get_version()
-        version_to_clone = None
-        v_match = re.match(r"^\d+\.\d+\.\d+$", spack_version)
-        if v_match:
-            version_to_clone = "v{0}".format(v_match.group(0))
-        else:
-            v_match = re.match(r"^[^-]+-[^-]+-([a-f\d]+)$", spack_version)
-            if v_match:
-                version_to_clone = v_match.group(1)
-            else:
-                version_to_clone = spack_version
+        version_to_clone = spack.main.get_spack_commit() or f"v{spack.spack_version}"
 
         output_object["variables"] = {
             "SPACK_ARTIFACTS_ROOT": rel_artifacts_root,
@@ -2128,7 +2119,7 @@ def run_standalone_tests(**kwargs):
     tty.debug("spack test exited {0}".format(exit_code))
 
 
-class CDashHandler(object):
+class CDashHandler:
     """
     Class for managing CDash data and processing.
     """

lib/spack/spack/cmd/__init__.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import os
 import re
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ def get_command(cmd_name):
     return getattr(get_module(cmd_name), pname)
 
 
-class _UnquotedFlags(object):
+class _UnquotedFlags:
     """Use a heuristic in `.extract()` to detect whether the user is trying to set
     multiple flags like the docker ENV attribute allows (e.g. 'cflags=-Os -pipe').
 
@@ -547,7 +545,7 @@ class PythonNameError(spack.error.SpackError):
 
     def __init__(self, name):
         self.name = name
-        super(PythonNameError, self).__init__("{0} is not a permissible Python name.".format(name))
+        super().__init__("{0} is not a permissible Python name.".format(name))
 
 
 class CommandNameError(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -555,9 +553,7 @@ class CommandNameError(spack.error.SpackError):
 
     def __init__(self, name):
         self.name = name
-        super(CommandNameError, self).__init__(
-            "{0} is not a permissible Spack command name.".format(name)
-        )
+        super().__init__("{0} is not a permissible Spack command name.".format(name))
 
 
 ########################################

lib/spack/spack/cmd/arch.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import collections
 
 import archspec.cpu

lib/spack/spack/cmd/blame.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
     subparser.add_argument(
         "package_or_file",
-        help="name of package to show contributions for, " "or path to a file in the spack repo",
+        help="name of package to show contributions for, or path to a file in the spack repo",
     )
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/bootstrap.py

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os.path
 import shutil
 import tempfile

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     subparsers = subparser.add_subparsers(help="buildcache sub-commands")
 
     push = subparsers.add_parser("push", aliases=["create"], help=push_fn.__doc__)
-    push.add_argument("-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="overwrite tarball if it exists.")
+    push.add_argument("-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="overwrite tarball if it exists")
     push.add_argument(
         "-u", "--unsigned", action="store_true", help="push unsigned buildcache tarballs"
     )
@@ -53,42 +53,37 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         action="store_true",
         help="allow install root string in binary files after RPATH substitution",
     )
-    push.add_argument(
-        "-k", "--key", metavar="key", type=str, default=None, help="Key for signing."
-    )
-    push.add_argument("mirror", type=str, help="Mirror name, path, or URL.")
+    push.add_argument("-k", "--key", metavar="key", type=str, default=None, help="key for signing")
+    push.add_argument("mirror", type=str, help="mirror name, path, or URL")
     push.add_argument(
         "--update-index",
         "--rebuild-index",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="Regenerate buildcache index after building package(s)",
+        help="regenerate buildcache index after building package(s)",
     )
     push.add_argument(
-        "--spec-file", default=None, help="Create buildcache entry for spec from json or yaml file"
+        "--spec-file", default=None, help="create buildcache entry for spec from json or yaml file"
     )
     push.add_argument(
         "--only",
         default="package,dependencies",
         dest="things_to_install",
         choices=["package", "dependencies"],
-        help=(
-            "Select the buildcache mode. the default is to"
-            " build a cache for the package along with all"
-            " its dependencies. Alternatively, one can"
-            " decide to build a cache for only the package"
-            " or only the dependencies"
-        ),
+        help="select the buildcache mode\n\n"
+        "the default is to build a cache for the package along with all its dependencies. "
+        "alternatively, one can decide to build a cache for only the package or only the "
+        "dependencies",
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(push, ["specs"])
     push.set_defaults(func=push_fn)
 
     install = subparsers.add_parser("install", help=install_fn.__doc__)
     install.add_argument(
-        "-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="overwrite install directory if it exists."
+        "-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="overwrite install directory if it exists"
     )
     install.add_argument(
-        "-m", "--multiple", action="store_true", help="allow all matching packages "
+        "-m", "--multiple", action="store_true", help="allow all matching packages"
     )
     install.add_argument(
         "-u",
@@ -142,11 +137,11 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "-m",
         "--mirror-url",
         default=None,
-        help="Override any configured mirrors with this mirror URL",
+        help="override any configured mirrors with this mirror URL",
     )
 
     check.add_argument(
-        "-o", "--output-file", default=None, help="File where rebuild info should be written"
+        "-o", "--output-file", default=None, help="file where rebuild info should be written"
     )
 
     # used to construct scope arguments below
@@ -162,13 +157,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
 
     check.add_argument(
-        "-s", "--spec", default=None, help="Check single spec instead of release specs file"
+        "-s", "--spec", default=None, help="check single spec instead of release specs file"
     )
 
     check.add_argument(
         "--spec-file",
         default=None,
-        help=("Check single spec from json or yaml file instead of release specs file"),
+        help="check single spec from json or yaml file instead of release specs file",
     )
 
     check.set_defaults(func=check_fn)
@@ -176,15 +171,15 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     # Download tarball and specfile
     download = subparsers.add_parser("download", help=download_fn.__doc__)
     download.add_argument(
-        "-s", "--spec", default=None, help="Download built tarball for spec from mirror"
+        "-s", "--spec", default=None, help="download built tarball for spec from mirror"
     )
     download.add_argument(
         "--spec-file",
         default=None,
-        help=("Download built tarball for spec (from json or yaml file) from mirror"),
+        help="download built tarball for spec (from json or yaml file) from mirror",
     )
     download.add_argument(
-        "-p", "--path", default=None, help="Path to directory where tarball should be downloaded"
+        "-p", "--path", default=None, help="path to directory where tarball should be downloaded"
     )
     download.set_defaults(func=download_fn)
 
@@ -193,52 +188,52 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "get-buildcache-name", help=get_buildcache_name_fn.__doc__
     )
     getbuildcachename.add_argument(
-        "-s", "--spec", default=None, help="Spec string for which buildcache name is desired"
+        "-s", "--spec", default=None, help="spec string for which buildcache name is desired"
     )
     getbuildcachename.add_argument(
         "--spec-file",
         default=None,
-        help=("Path to spec json or yaml file for which buildcache name is desired"),
+        help="path to spec json or yaml file for which buildcache name is desired",
     )
     getbuildcachename.set_defaults(func=get_buildcache_name_fn)
 
     # Given the root spec, save the yaml of the dependent spec to a file
     savespecfile = subparsers.add_parser("save-specfile", help=save_specfile_fn.__doc__)
-    savespecfile.add_argument("--root-spec", default=None, help="Root spec of dependent spec")
+    savespecfile.add_argument("--root-spec", default=None, help="root spec of dependent spec")
     savespecfile.add_argument(
         "--root-specfile",
         default=None,
-        help="Path to json or yaml file containing root spec of dependent spec",
+        help="path to json or yaml file containing root spec of dependent spec",
     )
     savespecfile.add_argument(
         "-s",
         "--specs",
         default=None,
-        help="List of dependent specs for which saved yaml is desired",
+        help="list of dependent specs for which saved yaml is desired",
     )
     savespecfile.add_argument(
-        "--specfile-dir", default=None, help="Path to directory where spec yamls should be saved"
+        "--specfile-dir", default=None, help="path to directory where spec yamls should be saved"
     )
     savespecfile.set_defaults(func=save_specfile_fn)
 
     # Sync buildcache entries from one mirror to another
     sync = subparsers.add_parser("sync", help=sync_fn.__doc__)
     sync.add_argument(
-        "--manifest-glob", help="A quoted glob pattern identifying copy manifest files"
+        "--manifest-glob", help="a quoted glob pattern identifying copy manifest files"
     )
     sync.add_argument(
         "src_mirror",
         metavar="source mirror",
         type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url,
         nargs="?",
-        help="Source mirror name, path, or URL",
+        help="source mirror name, path, or URL",
     )
     sync.add_argument(
         "dest_mirror",
         metavar="destination mirror",
         type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url,
         nargs="?",
-        help="Destination mirror name, path, or URL",
+        help="destination mirror name, path, or URL",
     )
     sync.set_defaults(func=sync_fn)
 
@@ -247,14 +242,14 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "update-index", aliases=["rebuild-index"], help=update_index_fn.__doc__
     )
     update_index.add_argument(
-        "mirror", type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url, help="Destination mirror name, path, or URL"
+        "mirror", type=arguments.mirror_name_or_url, help="destination mirror name, path, or URL"
     )
     update_index.add_argument(
         "-k",
         "--keys",
         default=False,
         action="store_true",
-        help="If provided, key index will be updated as well as package index",
+        help="if provided, key index will be updated as well as package index",
     )
     update_index.set_defaults(func=update_index_fn)
 
@@ -411,9 +406,7 @@ def keys_fn(args):
 
 
 def preview_fn(args):
-    """analyze an installed spec and reports whether executables
-    and libraries are relocatable
-    """
+    """analyze an installed spec and reports whether executables and libraries are relocatable"""
     constraints = spack.cmd.parse_specs(args.specs)
     specs = spack.store.find(constraints, multiple=True)
 
@@ -425,11 +418,11 @@ def preview_fn(args):
 
 
 def check_fn(args):
-    """Check specs (either a single spec from --spec, or else the full set
-    of release specs) against remote binary mirror(s) to see if any need
-    to be rebuilt.  This command uses the process exit code to indicate
-    its result, specifically, if the exit code is non-zero, then at least
-    one of the indicated specs needs to be rebuilt.
+    """check specs against remote binary mirror(s) to see if any need to be rebuilt
+
+    either a single spec from --spec, or else the full set of release specs. this command uses the
+    process exit code to indicate its result, specifically, if the exit code is non-zero, then at
+    least one of the indicated specs needs to be rebuilt
     """
     if args.spec or args.spec_file:
         specs = [_concrete_spec_from_args(args)]
@@ -460,10 +453,12 @@ def check_fn(args):
 
 
 def download_fn(args):
-    """Download buildcache entry from a remote mirror to local folder.  This
-    command uses the process exit code to indicate its result, specifically,
-    a non-zero exit code indicates that the command failed to download at
-    least one of the required buildcache components."""
+    """download buildcache entry from a remote mirror to local folder
+
+    this command uses the process exit code to indicate its result, specifically, a non-zero exit
+    code indicates that the command failed to download at least one of the required buildcache
+    components
+    """
     if not args.spec and not args.spec_file:
         tty.msg("No specs provided, exiting.")
         return
@@ -480,19 +475,18 @@ def download_fn(args):
 
 
 def get_buildcache_name_fn(args):
-    """Get name (prefix) of buildcache entries for this spec"""
+    """get name (prefix) of buildcache entries for this spec"""
     spec = _concrete_spec_from_args(args)
     buildcache_name = bindist.tarball_name(spec, "")
     print("{0}".format(buildcache_name))
 
 
 def save_specfile_fn(args):
-    """Get full spec for dependencies, relative to root spec, and write them
-    to files in the specified output directory.  Uses exit code to signal
-    success or failure.  An exit code of zero means the command was likely
-    successful.  If any errors or exceptions are encountered, or if expected
-    command-line arguments are not provided, then the exit code will be
-    non-zero.
+    """get full spec for dependencies and write them to files in the specified output directory
+
+    uses exit code to signal success or failure. an exit code of zero means the command was likely
+    successful. if any errors or exceptions are encountered, or if expected command-line arguments
+    are not provided, then the exit code will be non-zero
     """
     if not args.root_spec and not args.root_specfile:
         tty.msg("No root spec provided, exiting.")
@@ -546,12 +540,9 @@ def copy_buildcache_file(src_url, dest_url, local_path=None):
 
 
 def sync_fn(args):
-    """Syncs binaries (and associated metadata) from one mirror to another.
-    Requires an active environment in order to know which specs to sync.
+    """sync binaries (and associated metadata) from one mirror to another
 
-    Args:
-        src (str): Source mirror URL
-        dest (str): Destination mirror URL
+    requires an active environment in order to know which specs to sync
     """
     if args.manifest_glob:
         manifest_copy(glob.glob(args.manifest_glob))
@@ -639,7 +630,7 @@ def update_index(mirror: spack.mirror.Mirror, update_keys=False):
 
 
 def update_index_fn(args):
-    """Update a buildcache index."""
+    """update a buildcache index"""
     update_index(args.mirror, update_keys=args.keys)
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/checksum.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import sys
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/ci.py

@@ -47,40 +47,36 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     generate.add_argument(
         "--output-file",
         default=None,
-        help="""pathname for the generated gitlab ci yaml file
-  Path to the file where generated jobs file should
-be written. Default is .gitlab-ci.yml in the root of
-the repository.""",
+        help="pathname for the generated gitlab ci yaml file\n\n"
+        "path to the file where generated jobs file should be written. "
+        "default is .gitlab-ci.yml in the root of the repository",
     )
     generate.add_argument(
         "--copy-to",
         default=None,
-        help="""path to additional directory for job files
-  This option provides an absolute path to a directory
-where the generated jobs yaml file should be copied.
-Default is not to copy.""",
+        help="path to additional directory for job files\n\n"
+        "this option provides an absolute path to a directory where the generated "
+        "jobs yaml file should be copied. default is not to copy",
     )
     generate.add_argument(
         "--optimize",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="""(Experimental) optimize the gitlab yaml file for size
-  Run the generated document through a series of
-optimization passes designed to reduce the size
-of the generated file.""",
+        help="(experimental) optimize the gitlab yaml file for size\n\n"
+        "run the generated document through a series of optimization passes "
+        "designed to reduce the size of the generated file",
     )
     generate.add_argument(
         "--dependencies",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="(Experimental) disable DAG scheduling; use " ' "plain" dependencies.',
+        help="(experimental) disable DAG scheduling (use 'plain' dependencies)",
     )
     generate.add_argument(
         "--buildcache-destination",
         default=None,
-        help="Override the mirror configured in the environment (spack.yaml) "
-        + "in order to push binaries from the generated pipeline to a "
-        + "different location.",
+        help="override the mirror configured in the environment\n\n"
+        "allows for pushing binaries from the generated pipeline to a different location",
     )
     prune_group = generate.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     prune_group.add_argument(
@@ -88,45 +84,37 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         action="store_true",
         dest="prune_dag",
         default=True,
-        help="""skip up-to-date specs
-  Do not generate jobs for specs that are up-to-date
-on the mirror.""",
+        help="skip up-to-date specs\n\n"
+        "do not generate jobs for specs that are up-to-date on the mirror",
     )
     prune_group.add_argument(
         "--no-prune-dag",
         action="store_false",
         dest="prune_dag",
         default=True,
-        help="""process up-to-date specs
-  Generate jobs for specs even when they are up-to-date
-on the mirror.""",
+        help="process up-to-date specs\n\n"
+        "generate jobs for specs even when they are up-to-date on the mirror",
     )
     generate.add_argument(
         "--check-index-only",
         action="store_true",
         dest="index_only",
         default=False,
-        help="""only check spec state from buildcache indices
-  Spack always checks specs against configured binary
-mirrors, regardless of the DAG pruning option.
-  If enabled, Spack will assume all remote buildcache
-indices are up-to-date when assessing whether the spec
-on the mirror, if present, is up-to-date. This has the
-benefit of reducing pipeline generation time but at the
-potential cost of needlessly rebuilding specs when the
-indices are outdated.
-  If not enabled, Spack will fetch remote spec files
-directly to assess whether the spec on the mirror is
-up-to-date.""",
+        help="only check spec state from buildcache indices\n\n"
+        "Spack always checks specs against configured binary mirrors, regardless of the DAG "
+        "pruning option. if enabled, Spack will assume all remote buildcache indices are "
+        "up-to-date when assessing whether the spec on the mirror, if present, is up-to-date. "
+        "this has the benefit of reducing pipeline generation time but at the potential cost of "
+        "needlessly rebuilding specs when the indices are outdated. if not enabled, Spack will "
+        "fetch remote spec files directly to assess whether the spec on the mirror is up-to-date",
     )
     generate.add_argument(
         "--artifacts-root",
         default=None,
-        help="""path to the root of the artifacts directory
-  If provided, concrete environment files (spack.yaml,
-spack.lock) will be generated under this directory.
-Their location will be passed to generated child jobs
-through the SPACK_CONCRETE_ENVIRONMENT_PATH variable.""",
+        help="path to the root of the artifacts directory\n\n"
+        "if provided, concrete environment files (spack.yaml, spack.lock) will be generated under "
+        "this directory. their location will be passed to generated child jobs through the "
+        "SPACK_CONCRETE_ENVIRONMENT_PATH variable",
     )
     generate.set_defaults(func=ci_generate)
 
@@ -150,13 +138,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--tests",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="""run stand-alone tests after the build""",
+        help="run stand-alone tests after the build",
     )
     rebuild.add_argument(
         "--fail-fast",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="""stop stand-alone tests after the first failure""",
+        help="stop stand-alone tests after the first failure",
     )
     rebuild.set_defaults(func=ci_rebuild)
 
@@ -166,10 +154,10 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         description=deindent(ci_reproduce.__doc__),
         help=spack.cmd.first_line(ci_reproduce.__doc__),
     )
-    reproduce.add_argument("job_url", help="Url of job artifacts bundle")
+    reproduce.add_argument("job_url", help="URL of job artifacts bundle")
     reproduce.add_argument(
         "--working-dir",
-        help="Where to unpack artifacts",
+        help="where to unpack artifacts",
         default=os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "ci_reproduction"),
     )
 
@@ -177,12 +165,12 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
 
 def ci_generate(args):
-    """Generate jobs file from a CI-aware spack file.
+    """generate jobs file from a CI-aware spack file
 
-    If you want to report the results on CDash, you will need to set
-    the SPACK_CDASH_AUTH_TOKEN before invoking this command. The
-    value must be the CDash authorization token needed to create a
-    build group and register all generated jobs under it."""
+    if you want to report the results on CDash, you will need to set the SPACK_CDASH_AUTH_TOKEN
+    before invoking this command. the value must be the CDash authorization token needed to create
+    a build group and register all generated jobs under it
+    """
     env = spack.cmd.require_active_env(cmd_name="ci generate")
 
     output_file = args.output_file
@@ -223,10 +211,11 @@ def ci_generate(args):
 
 
 def ci_reindex(args):
-    """Rebuild the buildcache index for the remote mirror.
+    """rebuild the buildcache index for the remote mirror
 
-    Use the active, gitlab-enabled environment to rebuild the buildcache
-    index for the associated mirror."""
+    use the active, gitlab-enabled environment to rebuild the buildcache index for the associated
+    mirror
+    """
     env = spack.cmd.require_active_env(cmd_name="ci rebuild-index")
     yaml_root = env.manifest[ev.TOP_LEVEL_KEY]
 
@@ -242,10 +231,11 @@ def ci_reindex(args):
 
 
 def ci_rebuild(args):
-    """Rebuild a spec if it is not on the remote mirror.
+    """rebuild a spec if it is not on the remote mirror
 
-    Check a single spec against the remote mirror, and rebuild it from
-    source if the mirror does not contain the hash."""
+    check a single spec against the remote mirror, and rebuild it from source if the mirror does
+    not contain the hash
+    """
     env = spack.cmd.require_active_env(cmd_name="ci rebuild")
 
     # Make sure the environment is "gitlab-enabled", or else there's nothing
@@ -606,7 +596,7 @@ def ci_rebuild(args):
     )
     reports_dir = fs.join_path(os.getcwd(), "cdash_report")
     if args.tests and broken_tests:
-        tty.warn("Unable to run stand-alone tests since listed in " "ci's 'broken-tests-packages'")
+        tty.warn("Unable to run stand-alone tests since listed in ci's 'broken-tests-packages'")
         if cdash_handler:
             msg = "Package is listed in ci's broken-tests-packages"
             cdash_handler.report_skipped(job_spec, reports_dir, reason=msg)
@@ -649,7 +639,7 @@ def ci_rebuild(args):
                     tty.warn("No recognized test results reporting option")
 
         else:
-            tty.warn("Unable to run stand-alone tests due to unsuccessful " "installation")
+            tty.warn("Unable to run stand-alone tests due to unsuccessful installation")
             if cdash_handler:
                 msg = "Failed to install the package"
                 cdash_handler.report_skipped(job_spec, reports_dir, reason=msg)
@@ -728,10 +718,11 @@ def ci_rebuild(args):
 
 
 def ci_reproduce(args):
-    """Generate instructions for reproducing the spec rebuild job.
+    """generate instructions for reproducing the spec rebuild job
 
-    Artifacts of the provided gitlab pipeline rebuild job's URL will be
-    used to derive instructions for reproducing the build locally."""
+    artifacts of the provided gitlab pipeline rebuild job's URL will be used to derive
+    instructions for reproducing the build locally
+    """
     job_url = args.job_url
     work_dir = args.working_dir
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/clone.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def get_origin_info(remote):
         )
     except ProcessError:
         origin_url = _SPACK_UPSTREAM
-        tty.warn("No git repository found; " "using default upstream URL: %s" % origin_url)
+        tty.warn("No git repository found; using default upstream URL: %s" % origin_url)
     return (origin_url.strip(), branch.strip())
 
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def clone(parser, args):
     files_in_the_way = os.listdir(prefix)
     if files_in_the_way:
         tty.die(
-            "There are already files there! " "Delete these files before boostrapping spack.",
+            "There are already files there! Delete these files before boostrapping spack.",
             *files_in_the_way,
         )
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/commands.py

@@ -3,17 +3,22 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import copy
 import os
 import re
 import sys
+from argparse import ArgumentParser, Namespace
+from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Dict, Sequence, Set
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.argparsewriter import ArgparseCompletionWriter, ArgparseRstWriter, ArgparseWriter
+from llnl.util.argparsewriter import (
+    ArgparseCompletionWriter,
+    ArgparseRstWriter,
+    ArgparseWriter,
+    Command,
+)
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
@@ -27,12 +32,12 @@
 
 
 #: list of command formatters
-formatters = {}
+formatters: Dict[str, Callable[[Namespace, IO], None]] = {}
 
 
 #: standard arguments for updating completion scripts
 #: we iterate through these when called with --update-completion
-update_completion_args = {
+update_completion_args: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {
     "bash": {
         "aliases": True,
         "format": "bash",
@@ -42,13 +47,25 @@
 }
 
 
-def formatter(func):
-    """Decorator used to register formatters"""
+def formatter(func: Callable[[Namespace, IO], None]) -> Callable[[Namespace, IO], None]:
+    """Decorator used to register formatters.
+
+    Args:
+        func: Formatting function.
+
+    Returns:
+        The same function.
+    """
     formatters[func.__name__] = func
     return func
 
 
-def setup_parser(subparser):
+def setup_parser(subparser: ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    """Set up the argument parser.
+
+    Args:
+        subparser: Preliminary argument parser.
+    """
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--update-completion",
         action="store_true",
@@ -91,18 +108,34 @@ class SpackArgparseRstWriter(ArgparseRstWriter):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        prog,
-        out=None,
-        aliases=False,
-        documented_commands=[],
-        rst_levels=["-", "-", "^", "~", ":", "`"],
+        prog: str,
+        out: IO = sys.stdout,
+        aliases: bool = False,
+        documented_commands: Set[str] = set(),
+        rst_levels: Sequence[str] = ["-", "-", "^", "~", ":", "`"],
     ):
-        out = sys.stdout if out is None else out
-        super(SpackArgparseRstWriter, self).__init__(prog, out, aliases, rst_levels)
+        """Initialize a new SpackArgparseRstWriter instance.
+
+        Args:
+            prog: Program name.
+            out: File object to write to.
+            aliases: Whether or not to include subparsers for aliases.
+            documented_commands: Set of commands with additional documentation.
+            rst_levels: List of characters for rst section headings.
+        """
+        super().__init__(prog, out, aliases, rst_levels)
         self.documented = documented_commands
 
-    def usage(self, *args):
-        string = super(SpackArgparseRstWriter, self).usage(*args)
+    def usage(self, usage: str) -> str:
+        """Example usage of a command.
+
+        Args:
+            usage: Command usage.
+
+        Returns:
+            Usage of a command.
+        """
+        string = super().usage(usage)
 
         cmd = self.parser.prog.replace(" ", "-")
         if cmd in self.documented:
@@ -112,11 +145,21 @@ def usage(self, *args):
 
 
 class SubcommandWriter(ArgparseWriter):
-    def format(self, cmd):
+    """Write argparse output as a list of subcommands."""
+
+    def format(self, cmd: Command) -> str:
+        """Return the string representation of a single node in the parser tree.
+
+        Args:
+            cmd: Parsed information about a command or subcommand.
+
+        Returns:
+            String representation of this subcommand.
+        """
         return "    " * self.level + cmd.prog + "\n"
 
 
-_positional_to_subroutine = {
+_positional_to_subroutine: Dict[str, str] = {
     "package": "_all_packages",
     "spec": "_all_packages",
     "filter": "_all_packages",
@@ -138,7 +181,19 @@ def format(self, cmd):
 class BashCompletionWriter(ArgparseCompletionWriter):
     """Write argparse output as bash programmable tab completion."""
 
-    def body(self, positionals, optionals, subcommands):
+    def body(
+        self, positionals: Sequence[str], optionals: Sequence[str], subcommands: Sequence[str]
+    ) -> str:
+        """Return the body of the function.
+
+        Args:
+            positionals: List of positional arguments.
+            optionals: List of optional arguments.
+            subcommands: List of subcommand parsers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Function body.
+        """
         if positionals:
             return """
     if $list_options
@@ -168,7 +223,15 @@ def body(self, positionals, optionals, subcommands):
                 self.optionals(optionals)
             )
 
-    def positionals(self, positionals):
+    def positionals(self, positionals: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax for reporting positional arguments.
+
+        Args:
+            positionals: List of positional arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Syntax for positional arguments.
+        """
         # If match found, return function name
         for positional in positionals:
             for key, value in _positional_to_subroutine.items():
@@ -178,22 +241,49 @@ def positionals(self, positionals):
         # If no matches found, return empty list
         return 'SPACK_COMPREPLY=""'
 
-    def optionals(self, optionals):
+    def optionals(self, optionals: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax for reporting optional flags.
+
+        Args:
+            optionals: List of optional arguments.
+
+        Returns:
+            Syntax for optional flags.
+        """
         return 'SPACK_COMPREPLY="{0}"'.format(" ".join(optionals))
 
-    def subcommands(self, subcommands):
+    def subcommands(self, subcommands: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+        """Return the syntax for reporting subcommands.
+
+        Args:
+            subcommands: List of subcommand parsers.
+
+        Returns:
+            Syntax for subcommand parsers
+        """
         return 'SPACK_COMPREPLY="{0}"'.format(" ".join(subcommands))
 
 
 @formatter
-def subcommands(args, out):
+def subcommands(args: Namespace, out: IO) -> None:
+    """Hierarchical tree of subcommands.
+
+    args:
+        args: Command-line arguments.
+        out: File object to write to.
+    """
     parser = spack.main.make_argument_parser()
     spack.main.add_all_commands(parser)
     writer = SubcommandWriter(parser.prog, out, args.aliases)
     writer.write(parser)
 
 
-def rst_index(out):
+def rst_index(out: IO) -> None:
+    """Generate an index of all commands.
+
+    Args:
+        out: File object to write to.
+    """
     out.write("\n")
 
     index = spack.main.index_commands()
@@ -221,13 +311,19 @@ def rst_index(out):
 
 
 @formatter
-def rst(args, out):
+def rst(args: Namespace, out: IO) -> None:
+    """ReStructuredText documentation of subcommands.
+
+    args:
+        args: Command-line arguments.
+        out: File object to write to.
+    """
     # create a parser with all commands
     parser = spack.main.make_argument_parser()
     spack.main.add_all_commands(parser)
 
     # extract cross-refs of the form `_cmd-spack-<cmd>:` from rst files
-    documented_commands = set()
+    documented_commands: Set[str] = set()
     for filename in args.rst_files:
         with open(filename) as f:
             for line in f:
@@ -245,7 +341,13 @@ def rst(args, out):
 
 
 @formatter
-def names(args, out):
+def names(args: Namespace, out: IO) -> None:
+    """Simple list of top-level commands.
+
+    args:
+        args: Command-line arguments.
+        out: File object to write to.
+    """
     commands = copy.copy(spack.cmd.all_commands())
 
     if args.aliases:
@@ -255,7 +357,13 @@ def names(args, out):
 
 
 @formatter
-def bash(args, out):
+def bash(args: Namespace, out: IO) -> None:
+    """Bash tab-completion script.
+
+    args:
+        args: Command-line arguments.
+        out: File object to write to.
+    """
     parser = spack.main.make_argument_parser()
     spack.main.add_all_commands(parser)
 
@@ -263,7 +371,13 @@ def bash(args, out):
     writer.write(parser)
 
 
-def prepend_header(args, out):
+def prepend_header(args: Namespace, out: IO) -> None:
+    """Prepend header text at the beginning of a file.
+
+    Args:
+        args: Command-line arguments.
+        out: File object to write to.
+    """
     if not args.header:
         return
 
@@ -271,10 +385,14 @@ def prepend_header(args, out):
         out.write(header.read())
 
 
-def _commands(parser, args):
+def _commands(parser: ArgumentParser, args: Namespace) -> None:
     """This is the 'regular' command, which can be called multiple times.
 
     See ``commands()`` below for ``--update-completion`` handling.
+
+    Args:
+        parser: Argument parser.
+        args: Command-line arguments.
     """
     formatter = formatters[args.format]
 
@@ -296,12 +414,15 @@ def _commands(parser, args):
         formatter(args, sys.stdout)
 
 
-def update_completion(parser, args):
+def update_completion(parser: ArgumentParser, args: Namespace) -> None:
     """Iterate through the shells and update the standard completion files.
 
     This is a convenience method to avoid calling this command many
     times, and to simplify completion update for developers.
 
+    Args:
+        parser: Argument parser.
+        args: Command-line arguments.
     """
     for shell, shell_args in update_completion_args.items():
         for attr, value in shell_args.items():
@@ -309,14 +430,20 @@ def update_completion(parser, args):
         _commands(parser, args)
 
 
-def commands(parser, args):
+def commands(parser: ArgumentParser, args: Namespace) -> None:
+    """Main function that calls formatter functions.
+
+    Args:
+        parser: Argument parser.
+        args: Command-line arguments.
+    """
     if args.update_completion:
         if args.format != "names" or any([args.aliases, args.update, args.header]):
             tty.die("--update-completion can only be specified alone.")
 
         # this runs the command multiple times with different arguments
-        return update_completion(parser, args)
+        update_completion(parser, args)
 
     else:
         # run commands normally
-        return _commands(parser, args)
+        _commands(parser, args)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def recurse_dependents():
         "--dependents",
         action="store_true",
         dest="dependents",
-        help="also uninstall any packages that depend on the ones given " "via command line",
+        help="also uninstall any packages that depend on the ones given via command line",
     )
 
 
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ def deptype():
         "--deptype",
         action=DeptypeAction,
         default=dep.all_deptypes,
-        help="comma-separated list of deptypes to traverse\ndefault=%s"
+        help="comma-separated list of deptypes to traverse\n\ndefault=%s"
         % ",".join(dep.all_deptypes),
     )
 
@@ -350,9 +350,9 @@ def install_status():
         "--install-status",
         action="store_true",
         default=True,
-        help="show install status of packages. packages can be: "
+        help="show install status of packages\n\npackages can be: "
         "installed [+], missing and needed by an installed package [-], "
-        "installed in and upstream instance [^], "
+        "installed in an upstream instance [^], "
         "or not installed (no annotation)",
     )
 
@@ -393,24 +393,23 @@ def add_cdash_args(subparser, add_help):
     cdash_help = {}
     if add_help:
         cdash_help["upload-url"] = "CDash URL where reports will be uploaded"
-        cdash_help[
-            "build"
-        ] = """The name of the build that will be reported to CDash.
-Defaults to spec of the package to operate on."""
-        cdash_help[
-            "site"
-        ] = """The site name that will be reported to CDash.
-Defaults to current system hostname."""
-        cdash_help[
-            "track"
-        ] = """Results will be reported to this group on CDash.
-Defaults to Experimental."""
-        cdash_help[
-            "buildstamp"
-        ] = """Instead of letting the CDash reporter prepare the
-buildstamp which, when combined with build name, site and project,
-uniquely identifies the build, provide this argument to identify
-the build yourself.  Format: %%Y%%m%%d-%%H%%M-[cdash-track]"""
+        cdash_help["build"] = (
+            "name of the build that will be reported to CDash\n\n"
+            "defaults to spec of the package to operate on"
+        )
+        cdash_help["site"] = (
+            "site name that will be reported to CDash\n\n" "defaults to current system hostname"
+        )
+        cdash_help["track"] = (
+            "results will be reported to this group on CDash\n\n" "defaults to Experimental"
+        )
+        cdash_help["buildstamp"] = (
+            "use custom buildstamp\n\n"
+            "instead of letting the CDash reporter prepare the "
+            "buildstamp which, when combined with build name, site and project, "
+            "uniquely identifies the build, provide this argument to identify "
+            "the build yourself. format: %%Y%%m%%d-%%H%%M-[cdash-track]"
+        )
     else:
         cdash_help["upload-url"] = argparse.SUPPRESS
         cdash_help["build"] = argparse.SUPPRESS
@@ -479,7 +478,7 @@ def __init__(
         # substituting '_' for ':'.
         dest = dest.replace(":", "_")
 
-        super(ConfigSetAction, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             option_strings=option_strings,
             dest=dest,
             nargs=0,
@@ -542,16 +541,16 @@ def add_s3_connection_args(subparser, add_help):
         "--s3-access-key-id", help="ID string to use to connect to this S3 mirror"
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "--s3-access-key-secret", help="Secret string to use to connect to this S3 mirror"
+        "--s3-access-key-secret", help="secret string to use to connect to this S3 mirror"
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "--s3-access-token", help="Access Token to use to connect to this S3 mirror"
+        "--s3-access-token", help="access token to use to connect to this S3 mirror"
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--s3-profile", help="S3 profile name to use to connect to this S3 mirror", default=None
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "--s3-endpoint-url", help="Endpoint URL to use to connect to this S3 mirror"
+        "--s3-endpoint-url", help="endpoint URL to use to connect to this S3 mirror"
     )
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/env_utility.py

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import os
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/compiler.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import sys
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/concretize.py

@@ -14,18 +14,16 @@
 
 def setup_parser(subparser):
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="Re-concretize even if already concretized."
+        "-f", "--force", action="store_true", help="re-concretize even if already concretized"
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--test",
         default=None,
         choices=["root", "all"],
-        help="""Concretize with test dependencies. When 'root' is chosen, test
-dependencies are only added for the environment's root specs. When 'all' is
-chosen, test dependencies are enabled for all packages in the environment.""",
+        help="concretize with test dependencies of only root packages or all packages",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-q", "--quiet", action="store_true", help="Don't print concretized specs"
+        "-q", "--quiet", action="store_true", help="don't print concretized specs"
     )
 
     spack.cmd.common.arguments.add_concretizer_args(subparser)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/config.py

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import collections
 import os
 import shutil
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     get_parser = sp.add_parser("get", help="print configuration values")
     get_parser.add_argument(
         "section",
-        help="configuration section to print. " "options: %(choices)s",
+        help="configuration section to print\n\noptions: %(choices)s",
         nargs="?",
         metavar="section",
         choices=spack.config.section_schemas,
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
     blame_parser.add_argument(
         "section",
-        help="configuration section to print. " "options: %(choices)s",
+        help="configuration section to print\n\noptions: %(choices)s",
         metavar="section",
         choices=spack.config.section_schemas,
     )
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     edit_parser = sp.add_parser("edit", help="edit configuration file")
     edit_parser.add_argument(
         "section",
-        help="configuration section to edit. " "options: %(choices)s",
+        help="configuration section to edit\n\noptions: %(choices)s",
         metavar="section",
         nargs="?",
         choices=spack.config.section_schemas,
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     add_parser.add_argument(
         "path",
         nargs="?",
-        help="colon-separated path to config that should be added," " e.g. 'config:default:true'",
+        help="colon-separated path to config that should be added, e.g. 'config:default:true'",
     )
     add_parser.add_argument("-f", "--file", help="file from which to set all config values")
 
@@ -90,7 +88,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--local",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="Set packages preferences based on local installs, rather " "than upstream.",
+        help="set packages preferences based on local installs, rather than upstream",
     )
 
     remove_parser = sp.add_parser("remove", aliases=["rm"], help="remove configuration parameters")
@@ -159,7 +157,7 @@ def config_get(args):
             tty.die("environment has no %s file" % ev.manifest_name)
 
     else:
-        tty.die("`spack config get` requires a section argument " "or an active environment.")
+        tty.die("`spack config get` requires a section argument or an active environment.")
 
 
 def config_blame(args):
@@ -182,7 +180,7 @@ def config_edit(args):
         # If we aren't editing a spack.yaml file, get config path from scope.
         scope, section = _get_scope_and_section(args)
         if not scope and not section:
-            tty.die("`spack config edit` requires a section argument " "or an active environment.")
+            tty.die("`spack config edit` requires a section argument or an active environment.")
         config_file = spack.config.config.get_config_filename(scope, section)
 
     if args.print_file:
@@ -376,7 +374,7 @@ def config_revert(args):
 
     proceed = True
     if not args.yes_to_all:
-        msg = "The following scopes will be restored from the corresponding" " backup files:\n"
+        msg = "The following scopes will be restored from the corresponding backup files:\n"
         for entry in to_be_restored:
             msg += "\t[scope={0.scope}, bkp={0.bkp}]\n".format(entry)
         msg += "This operation cannot be undone."

lib/spack/spack/cmd/containerize.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import spack.container
 import spack.container.images
 
-description = "creates recipes to build images for different" " container runtimes"
+description = "creates recipes to build images for different container runtimes"
 section = "container"
 level = "long"
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import re
 import urllib.parse
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ class {class_name}({base_class_name}):
 '''
 
 
-class BundlePackageTemplate(object):
+class BundlePackageTemplate:
     """
     Provides the default values to be used for a bundle package file template.
     """
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ def install(self, spec, prefix):
     url_line = '    url = "{url}"'
 
     def __init__(self, name, url, versions):
-        super(PackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, versions)
+        super().__init__(name, versions)
 
         self.url_def = self.url_line.format(url=url)
 
@@ -200,7 +198,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, url, *args, **kwargs):
             # Make it more obvious that we are renaming the package
             tty.msg("Changing package name from {0} to lua-{0}".format(name))
             name = "lua-{0}".format(name)
-        super(LuaPackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class MesonPackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
@@ -308,7 +306,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, url, *args, **kwargs):
             tty.msg("Changing package name from {0} to rkt-{0}".format(name))
             name = "rkt-{0}".format(name)
         self.body_def = self.body_def.format(name[4:])
-        super(RacketPackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class PythonPackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
@@ -400,7 +398,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, url, *args, **kwargs):
                 + self.url_line
             )
 
-        super(PythonPackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class RPackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
@@ -439,7 +437,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, url, *args, **kwargs):
         if bioc:
             self.url_line = '    url = "{0}"\n' '    bioc = "{1}"'.format(url, r_name)
 
-        super(RPackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, url, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class PerlmakePackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
@@ -466,7 +464,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, *args, **kwargs):
             tty.msg("Changing package name from {0} to perl-{0}".format(name))
             name = "perl-{0}".format(name)
 
-        super(PerlmakePackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class PerlbuildPackageTemplate(PerlmakePackageTemplate):
@@ -499,7 +497,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, *args, **kwargs):
             tty.msg("Changing package name from {0} to octave-{0}".format(name))
             name = "octave-{0}".format(name)
 
-        super(OctavePackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class RubyPackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
@@ -527,7 +525,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, *args, **kwargs):
             tty.msg("Changing package name from {0} to ruby-{0}".format(name))
             name = "ruby-{0}".format(name)
 
-        super(RubyPackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class MakefilePackageTemplate(PackageTemplate):
@@ -572,7 +570,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, *args, **kwargs):
             tty.msg("Changing package name from {0} to py-{0}".format(name))
             name = "py-{0}".format(name)
 
-        super(SIPPackageTemplate, self).__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(name, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 templates = {
@@ -614,7 +612,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--template",
         metavar="TEMPLATE",
         choices=sorted(templates.keys()),
-        help="build system template to use. options: %(choices)s",
+        help="build system template to use\n\noptions: %(choices)s",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-r", "--repo", help="path to a repository where the package should be created"
@@ -622,7 +620,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-N",
         "--namespace",
-        help="specify a namespace for the package. must be the namespace of "
+        help="specify a namespace for the package\n\nmust be the namespace of "
         "a repository registered with Spack",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
@@ -880,7 +878,7 @@ def get_build_system(template, url, guesser):
         # Use whatever build system the guesser detected
         selected_template = guesser.build_system
         if selected_template == "generic":
-            tty.warn("Unable to detect a build system. " "Using a generic package template.")
+            tty.warn("Unable to detect a build system. Using a generic package template.")
         else:
             msg = "This package looks like it uses the {0} build system"
             tty.msg(msg.format(selected_template))

lib/spack/spack/cmd/debug.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import platform
 import re

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dependencies.py

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--installed",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="List installed dependencies of an installed spec, "
-        "instead of possible dependencies of a package.",
+        help="list installed dependencies of an installed spec "
+        "instead of possible dependencies of a package",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-t",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dependents.py

@@ -25,15 +25,15 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--installed",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="List installed dependents of an installed spec, "
-        "instead of possible dependents of a package.",
+        help="list installed dependents of an installed spec "
+        "instead of possible dependents of a package",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-t",
         "--transitive",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="Show all transitive dependents.",
+        help="show all transitive dependents",
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["spec"])
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/deprecate.py

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 It is up to the user to ensure binary compatibility between the deprecated
 installation and its deprecator.
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import os
 
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@
 from spack.database import InstallStatuses
 from spack.error import SpackError
 
-description = "Replace one package with another via symlinks"
+description = "replace one package with another via symlinks"
 section = "admin"
 level = "long"
 
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         action="store_true",
         default=True,
         dest="dependencies",
-        help="Deprecate dependencies (default)",
+        help="deprecate dependencies (default)",
     )
     deps.add_argument(
         "-D",
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         action="store_false",
         default=True,
         dest="dependencies",
-        help="Do not deprecate dependencies",
+        help="do not deprecate dependencies",
     )
 
     install = sp.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
         dest="install",
-        help="Concretize and install deprecator spec",
+        help="concretize and install deprecator spec",
     )
     install.add_argument(
         "-I",
@@ -74,7 +72,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         action="store_false",
         default=False,
         dest="install",
-        help="Deprecator spec must already be installed (default)",
+        help="deprecator spec must already be installed (default)",
     )
 
     sp.add_argument(
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         type=str,
         default="soft",
         choices=["soft", "hard"],
-        help="Type of filesystem link to use for deprecation (default soft)",
+        help="type of filesystem link to use for deprecation (default soft)",
     )
 
     sp.add_argument(

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dev_build.py

@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--source-path",
         dest="source_path",
         default=None,
-        help="path to source directory. defaults to the current directory",
+        help="path to source directory (defaults to the current directory)",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-i",
         "--ignore-dependencies",
         action="store_true",
         dest="ignore_deps",
-        help="don't try to install dependencies of requested packages",
+        help="do not try to install dependencies of requested packages",
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["no_checksum", "deprecated"])
     subparser.add_argument(
@@ -55,16 +55,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         type=str,
         dest="shell",
         default=None,
-        help="drop into a build environment in a new shell, e.g. bash, zsh",
+        help="drop into a build environment in a new shell, e.g., bash",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--test",
         default=None,
         choices=["root", "all"],
-        help="""If 'root' is chosen, run package tests during
-installation for top-level packages (but skip tests for dependencies).
-if 'all' is chosen, run package tests during installation for all
-packages. If neither are chosen, don't run tests for any packages.""",
+        help="run tests on only root packages or all packages",
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["spec"])
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/develop.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 
 def setup_parser(subparser):
-    subparser.add_argument("-p", "--path", help="Source location of package")
+    subparser.add_argument("-p", "--path", help="source location of package")
 
     clone_group = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
     clone_group.add_argument(
@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         action="store_false",
         dest="clone",
         default=None,
-        help="Do not clone. The package already exists at the source path",
+        help="do not clone, the package already exists at the source path",
     )
     clone_group.add_argument(
         "--clone",
         action="store_true",
         dest="clone",
         default=None,
-        help="Clone the package even if the path already exists",
+        help="clone the package even if the path already exists",
     )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-f", "--force", help="Remove any files or directories that block cloning source code"
+        "-f", "--force", help="remove any files or directories that block cloning source code"
     )
 
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["spec"])

lib/spack/spack/cmd/diff.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
         dest="dump_json",
-        help="Dump json output instead of pretty printing.",
+        help="dump json output instead of pretty printing",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--first",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/edit.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         dest="path",
         action="store_const",
         const=spack.paths.build_systems_path,
-        help="Edit the build system with the supplied name.",
+        help="edit the build system with the supplied name",
     )
     excl_args.add_argument(
         "-c",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def env_activate_setup_parser(subparser):
         dest="with_view",
         const=True,
         default=True,
-        help="update PATH etc. with associated view",
+        help="update PATH, etc., with associated view",
     )
     view_options.add_argument(
         "-V",
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ def env_activate_setup_parser(subparser):
         dest="with_view",
         const=False,
         default=True,
-        help="do not update PATH etc. with associated view",
+        help="do not update PATH, etc., with associated view",
     )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ def env_activate(args):
 
     # Error out when -e, -E, -D flags are given, cause they are ambiguous.
     if args.env or args.no_env or args.env_dir:
-        tty.die("Calling spack env activate with --env, --env-dir and --no-env " "is ambiguous")
+        tty.die("Calling spack env activate with --env, --env-dir and --no-env is ambiguous")
 
     env_name_or_dir = args.activate_env or args.dir
 
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ def env_deactivate(args):
 
     # Error out when -e, -E, -D flags are given, cause they are ambiguous.
     if args.env or args.no_env or args.env_dir:
-        tty.die("Calling spack env deactivate with --env, --env-dir and --no-env " "is ambiguous")
+        tty.die("Calling spack env deactivate with --env, --env-dir and --no-env is ambiguous")
 
     if ev.active_environment() is None:
         tty.die("No environment is currently active.")
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ def env_create_setup_parser(subparser):
         "envfile",
         nargs="?",
         default=None,
-        help="either a lockfile (must end with '.json' or '.lock') or a manifest file.",
+        help="either a lockfile (must end with '.json' or '.lock') or a manifest file",
     )
 
 
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ def env_list(args):
     colify(color_names, indent=4)
 
 
-class ViewAction(object):
+class ViewAction:
     regenerate = "regenerate"
     enable = "enable"
     disable = "disable"
@@ -608,16 +608,16 @@ def env_depfile_setup_parser(subparser):
         "--make-target-prefix",
         default=None,
         metavar="TARGET",
-        help="prefix Makefile targets (and variables) with <TARGET>/<name>. By default "
+        help="prefix Makefile targets (and variables) with <TARGET>/<name>\n\nby default "
         "the absolute path to the directory makedeps under the environment metadata dir is "
-        "used. Can be set to an empty string --make-prefix ''.",
+        "used. can be set to an empty string --make-prefix ''",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--make-disable-jobserver",
         default=True,
         action="store_false",
         dest="jobserver",
-        help="disable POSIX jobserver support.",
+        help="disable POSIX jobserver support",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--use-buildcache",
@@ -625,8 +625,8 @@ def env_depfile_setup_parser(subparser):
         type=arguments.use_buildcache,
         default="package:auto,dependencies:auto",
         metavar="[{auto,only,never},][package:{auto,only,never},][dependencies:{auto,only,never}]",
-        help="When using `only`, redundant build dependencies are pruned from the DAG. "
-        "This flag is passed on to the generated spack install commands.",
+        help="when using `only`, redundant build dependencies are pruned from the DAG\n\n"
+        "this flag is passed on to the generated spack install commands",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-o",
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ def env_depfile_setup_parser(subparser):
         "--generator",
         default="make",
         choices=("make",),
-        help="specify the depfile type. Currently only make is supported.",
+        help="specify the depfile type\n\ncurrently only make is supported",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         metavar="specs",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/extensions.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 def setup_parser(subparser):
     subparser.epilog = (
-        "If called without argument returns " "the list of all valid extendable packages"
+        "If called without argument returns the list of all valid extendable packages"
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["long", "very_long"])
     subparser.add_argument(

lib/spack/spack/cmd/external.py

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import errno
 import os
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--path",
         default=None,
         action="append",
-        help="Alternative search paths for finding externals. May be repeated",
+        help="one or more alternative search paths for finding externals",
     )
     find_parser.add_argument(
         "--scope",
@@ -68,10 +66,8 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
     read_cray_manifest = sp.add_parser(
         "read-cray-manifest",
-        help=(
-            "consume a Spack-compatible description of externally-installed "
-            "packages, including dependency relationships"
-        ),
+        help="consume a Spack-compatible description of externally-installed packages, including "
+        "dependency relationships",
     )
     read_cray_manifest.add_argument(
         "--file", default=None, help="specify a location other than the default"
@@ -94,7 +90,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     read_cray_manifest.add_argument(
         "--fail-on-error",
         action="store_true",
-        help=("if a manifest file cannot be parsed, fail and report the " "full stack trace"),
+        help="if a manifest file cannot be parsed, fail and report the full stack trace",
     )
 
 
@@ -113,14 +109,14 @@ def external_find(args):
             # For most exceptions, just print a warning and continue.
             # Note that KeyboardInterrupt does not subclass Exception
             # (so CTRL-C will terminate the program as expected).
-            skip_msg = "Skipping manifest and continuing with other external " "checks"
+            skip_msg = "Skipping manifest and continuing with other external checks"
             if (isinstance(e, IOError) or isinstance(e, OSError)) and e.errno in [
                 errno.EPERM,
                 errno.EACCES,
             ]:
                 # The manifest file does not have sufficient permissions enabled:
                 # print a warning and keep going
-                tty.warn("Unable to read manifest due to insufficient " "permissions.", skip_msg)
+                tty.warn("Unable to read manifest due to insufficient permissions.", skip_msg)
             else:
                 tty.warn("Unable to read manifest, unexpected error: {0}".format(str(e)), skip_msg)
 
@@ -170,7 +166,7 @@ def external_find(args):
     )
     if new_entries:
         path = spack.config.config.get_config_filename(args.scope, "packages")
-        msg = "The following specs have been detected on this system " "and added to {0}"
+        msg = "The following specs have been detected on this system and added to {0}"
         tty.msg(msg.format(path))
         spack.cmd.display_specs(new_entries)
     else:
@@ -238,7 +234,7 @@ def _collect_and_consume_cray_manifest_files(
             if fail_on_error:
                 raise
             else:
-                tty.warn("Failure reading manifest file: {0}" "\n\t{1}".format(path, str(e)))
+                tty.warn("Failure reading manifest file: {0}\n\t{1}".format(path, str(e)))
 
 
 def external_list(args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/fetch.py

@@ -51,9 +51,7 @@ def fetch(parser, args):
             else:
                 specs = env.all_specs()
             if specs == []:
-                tty.die(
-                    "No uninstalled specs in environment. Did you " "run `spack concretize` yet?"
-                )
+                tty.die("No uninstalled specs in environment. Did you run `spack concretize` yet?")
         else:
             tty.die("fetch requires at least one spec argument")
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/find.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import copy
 import sys
 
@@ -32,6 +30,14 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         default=None,
         help="output specs with the specified format string",
     )
+    format_group.add_argument(
+        "-H",
+        "--hashes",
+        action="store_const",
+        dest="format",
+        const="{/hash}",
+        help="same as '--format {/hash}'; use with xargs or $()",
+    )
     format_group.add_argument(
         "--json",
         action="store_true",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/gpg.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         metavar="DEST",
         type=str,
         dest="secret",
-        help="export the private key to a file.",
+        help="export the private key to a file",
     )
     create.set_defaults(func=gpg_create)
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     export = subparsers.add_parser("export", help=gpg_export.__doc__)
     export.add_argument("location", type=str, help="where to export keys")
     export.add_argument(
-        "keys", nargs="*", help="the keys to export; " "all public keys if unspecified"
+        "keys", nargs="*", help="the keys to export (all public keys if unspecified)"
     )
     export.add_argument("--secret", action="store_true", help="export secret keys")
     export.set_defaults(func=gpg_export)
@@ -99,29 +99,29 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--directory",
         metavar="directory",
         type=str,
-        help="local directory where keys will be published.",
+        help="local directory where keys will be published",
     )
     output.add_argument(
         "-m",
         "--mirror-name",
         metavar="mirror-name",
         type=str,
-        help="name of the mirror where " + "keys will be published.",
+        help="name of the mirror where keys will be published",
     )
     output.add_argument(
         "--mirror-url",
         metavar="mirror-url",
         type=str,
-        help="URL of the mirror where " + "keys will be published.",
+        help="URL of the mirror where keys will be published",
     )
     publish.add_argument(
         "--rebuild-index",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help=("Regenerate buildcache key index " "after publishing key(s)"),
+        help="regenerate buildcache key index after publishing key(s)",
     )
     publish.add_argument(
-        "keys", nargs="*", help="the keys to publish; " "all public keys if unspecified"
+        "keys", nargs="*", help="keys to publish (all public keys if unspecified)"
     )
     publish.set_defaults(func=gpg_publish)
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def gpg_create(args):
 
 
 def gpg_export(args):
-    """export a gpg key, optionally including secret key."""
+    """export a gpg key, optionally including secret key"""
     keys = args.keys
     if not keys:
         keys = spack.util.gpg.signing_keys()
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def gpg_sign(args):
         elif not keys:
             raise RuntimeError("no signing keys are available")
         else:
-            raise RuntimeError("multiple signing keys are available; " "please choose one")
+            raise RuntimeError("multiple signing keys are available; please choose one")
     output = args.output
     if not output:
         output = args.spec[0] + ".asc"
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ def gpg_publish(args):
         url = spack.util.url.path_to_file_url(args.directory)
         mirror = spack.mirror.Mirror(url, url)
     elif args.mirror_name:
-        mirror = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection().lookup(args.mirror_name)
+        mirror = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(binary=True).lookup(args.mirror_name)
     elif args.mirror_url:
         mirror = spack.mirror.Mirror(args.mirror_url, args.mirror_url)
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/info.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import textwrap
 from itertools import zip_longest
 
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ def variant(s):
     return spack.spec.enabled_variant_color + s + plain_format
 
 
-class VariantFormatter(object):
+class VariantFormatter:
     def __init__(self, variants):
         self.variants = variants
         self.headers = ("Name [Default]", "When", "Allowed values", "Description")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/install.py

@@ -75,10 +75,9 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         default="package,dependencies",
         dest="things_to_install",
         choices=["package", "dependencies"],
-        help="""select the mode of installation.
-the default is to install the package along with all its dependencies.
-alternatively one can decide to install only the package or only
-the dependencies""",
+        help="select the mode of installation\n\n"
+        "default is to install the package along with all its dependencies. "
+        "alternatively, one can decide to install only the package or only the dependencies",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-u",
@@ -143,12 +142,11 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         type=arguments.use_buildcache,
         default="package:auto,dependencies:auto",
         metavar="[{auto,only,never},][package:{auto,only,never},][dependencies:{auto,only,never}]",
-        help="""select the mode of buildcache for the 'package' and 'dependencies'.
-Default: package:auto,dependencies:auto
-- `auto` behaves like --use-cache
-- `only` behaves like --cache-only
-- `never` behaves like --no-cache
-""",
+        help="select the mode of buildcache for the 'package' and 'dependencies'\n\n"
+        "default: package:auto,dependencies:auto\n\n"
+        "- `auto` behaves like --use-cache\n"
+        "- `only` behaves like --cache-only\n"
+        "- `never` behaves like --no-cache",
     )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
@@ -156,8 +154,8 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         action="store_true",
         dest="include_build_deps",
         default=False,
-        help="""include build deps when installing from cache,
-which is useful for CI pipeline troubleshooting""",
+        help="include build deps when installing from cache, "
+        "useful for CI pipeline troubleshooting",
     )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
@@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         dest="install_verbose",
         help="display verbose build output while installing",
     )
-    subparser.add_argument("--fake", action="store_true", help="fake install for debug purposes.")
+    subparser.add_argument("--fake", action="store_true", help="fake install for debug purposes")
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--only-concrete",
         action="store_true",
@@ -199,14 +197,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--add",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="""(with environment) add spec to the environment as a root.""",
+        help="(with environment) add spec to the environment as a root",
     )
     updateenv_group.add_argument(
         "--no-add",
         action="store_false",
         dest="add",
-        help="""(with environment) do not add spec to the environment as a
-root (the default behavior).""",
+        help="(with environment) do not add spec to the environment as a root",
     )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
@@ -216,7 +213,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         default=[],
         dest="specfiles",
         metavar="SPEC_YAML_FILE",
-        help="install from file. Read specs to install from .yaml files",
+        help="read specs to install from .yaml files",
     )
 
     cd_group = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
@@ -227,19 +224,12 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--test",
         default=None,
         choices=["root", "all"],
-        help="""If 'root' is chosen, run package tests during
-installation for top-level packages (but skip tests for dependencies).
-if 'all' is chosen, run package tests during installation for all
-packages. If neither are chosen, don't run tests for any packages.""",
+        help="run tests on only root packages or all packages",
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["log_format"])
+    subparser.add_argument("--log-file", default=None, help="filename for the log file")
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "--log-file",
-        default=None,
-        help="filename for the log file. if not passed a default will be used",
-    )
-    subparser.add_argument(
-        "--help-cdash", action="store_true", help="Show usage instructions for CDash reporting"
+        "--help-cdash", action="store_true", help="show usage instructions for CDash reporting"
     )
     arguments.add_cdash_args(subparser, False)
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["yes_to_all", "spec"])
@@ -280,7 +270,7 @@ def require_user_confirmation_for_overwrite(concrete_specs, args):
     display_args = {"long": True, "show_flags": True, "variants": True}
 
     if installed:
-        tty.msg("The following package specs will be " "reinstalled:\n")
+        tty.msg("The following package specs will be reinstalled:\n")
         spack.cmd.display_specs(installed, **display_args)
 
     not_installed = list(filter(lambda x: x not in installed, concrete_specs))

lib/spack/spack/cmd/license.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import re
 from collections import defaultdict
@@ -102,7 +100,7 @@ def list_files(args):
 ]
 
 
-class LicenseError(object):
+class LicenseError:
     def __init__(self):
         self.error_counts = defaultdict(int)
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/list.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import division, print_function
-
 import argparse
 import fnmatch
 import json

lib/spack/spack/cmd/load.py

@@ -66,10 +66,9 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         default="package,dependencies",
         dest="things_to_load",
         choices=["package", "dependencies"],
-        help="""select whether to load the package and its dependencies
-the default is to load the package and all dependencies
-alternatively one can decide to load only the package or only
-the dependencies""",
+        help="select whether to load the package and its dependencies\n\n"
+        "the default is to load the package and all dependencies. alternatively, "
+        "one can decide to load only the package or only the dependencies",
     )
 
     subparser.add_argument(

lib/spack/spack/cmd/location.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
@@ -57,13 +55,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     directories.add_argument(
         "--source-dir",
         action="store_true",
-        help="source directory for a spec " "(requires it to be staged first)",
+        help="source directory for a spec (requires it to be staged first)",
     )
     directories.add_argument(
         "-b",
         "--build-dir",
         action="store_true",
-        help="build directory for a spec " "(requires it to be staged first)",
+        help="build directory for a spec (requires it to be staged first)",
     )
     directories.add_argument(
         "-e",
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ def location(parser, args):
     # source dir remains, which requires the spec to be staged
     if not pkg.stage.expanded:
         tty.die(
-            "Source directory does not exist yet. " "Run this to create it:",
+            "Source directory does not exist yet. Run this to create it:",
             "spack stage " + " ".join(args.spec),
         )
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/maintainers.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 from collections import defaultdict
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/make_installer.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def line_to_rtf(str):
 def setup_parser(subparser):
     spack_source_group = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
     spack_source_group.add_argument(
-        "-v", "--spack-version", default="", help="download given spack version e.g. 0.16.0"
+        "-v", "--spack-version", default="", help="download given spack version"
     )
     spack_source_group.add_argument(
         "-s", "--spack-source", default="", help="full path to spack source"
@@ -49,9 +49,8 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "-g",
         "--git-installer-verbosity",
         default="",
-        choices=set(["SILENT", "VERYSILENT"]),
-        help="Level of verbosity provided by bundled Git Installer.\
-             Default is fully verbose",
+        choices=["SILENT", "VERYSILENT"],
+        help="level of verbosity provided by bundled git installer (default is fully verbose)",
         required=False,
         action="store",
         dest="git_verbosity",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mark.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import sys
 
 from llnl.util import tty
@@ -37,10 +35,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--all",
         action="store_true",
         dest="all",
-        help="Mark ALL installed packages that match each "
-        "supplied spec. If you `mark --all libelf`,"
-        " ALL versions of `libelf` are marked. If no spec is "
-        "supplied, all installed packages will be marked.",
+        help="mark ALL installed packages that match each supplied spec",
     )
     exim = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
     exim.add_argument(
@@ -48,14 +43,14 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--explicit",
         action="store_true",
         dest="explicit",
-        help="Mark packages as explicitly installed.",
+        help="mark packages as explicitly installed",
     )
     exim.add_argument(
         "-i",
         "--implicit",
         action="store_true",
         dest="implicit",
-        help="Mark packages as implicitly installed.",
+        help="mark packages as implicitly installed",
     )
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mirror.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 from spack.error import SpackError
-from spack.util.spack_yaml import syaml_dict
 
 description = "manage mirrors (source and binary)"
 section = "config"
@@ -55,13 +54,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
     create_parser.add_argument(
         "--exclude-specs",
-        help="specs which Spack should not try to add to a mirror" " (specified on command line)",
+        help="specs which Spack should not try to add to a mirror (specified on command line)",
     )
 
     create_parser.add_argument(
         "--skip-unstable-versions",
         action="store_true",
-        help="don't cache versions unless they identify a stable (unchanging)" " source code",
+        help="don't cache versions unless they identify a stable (unchanging) source code",
     )
     create_parser.add_argument(
         "-D", "--dependencies", action="store_true", help="also fetch all dependencies"
@@ -104,6 +103,15 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         default=spack.config.default_modify_scope(),
         help="configuration scope to modify",
     )
+    add_parser.add_argument(
+        "--type",
+        action="append",
+        choices=("binary", "source"),
+        help=(
+            "specify the mirror type: for both binary "
+            "and source use `--type binary --type source` (default)"
+        ),
+    )
     arguments.add_s3_connection_args(add_parser, False)
     # Remove
     remove_parser = sp.add_parser("remove", aliases=["rm"], help=mirror_remove.__doc__)
@@ -120,8 +128,12 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     set_url_parser = sp.add_parser("set-url", help=mirror_set_url.__doc__)
     set_url_parser.add_argument("name", help="mnemonic name for mirror", metavar="mirror")
     set_url_parser.add_argument("url", help="url of mirror directory from 'spack mirror create'")
-    set_url_parser.add_argument(
-        "--push", action="store_true", help="set only the URL used for uploading new packages"
+    set_url_push_or_fetch = set_url_parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
+    set_url_push_or_fetch.add_argument(
+        "--push", action="store_true", help="set only the URL used for uploading"
+    )
+    set_url_push_or_fetch.add_argument(
+        "--fetch", action="store_true", help="set only the URL used for downloading"
     )
     set_url_parser.add_argument(
         "--scope",
@@ -132,6 +144,35 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
     arguments.add_s3_connection_args(set_url_parser, False)
 
+    # Set
+    set_parser = sp.add_parser("set", help=mirror_set.__doc__)
+    set_parser.add_argument("name", help="mnemonic name for mirror", metavar="mirror")
+    set_parser_push_or_fetch = set_parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=False)
+    set_parser_push_or_fetch.add_argument(
+        "--push", action="store_true", help="modify just the push connection details"
+    )
+    set_parser_push_or_fetch.add_argument(
+        "--fetch", action="store_true", help="modify just the fetch connection details"
+    )
+    set_parser.add_argument(
+        "--type",
+        action="append",
+        choices=("binary", "source"),
+        help=(
+            "specify the mirror type: for both binary "
+            "and source use `--type binary --type source`"
+        ),
+    )
+    set_parser.add_argument("--url", help="url of mirror directory from 'spack mirror create'")
+    set_parser.add_argument(
+        "--scope",
+        choices=scopes,
+        metavar=scopes_metavar,
+        default=spack.config.default_modify_scope(),
+        help="configuration scope to modify",
+    )
+    arguments.add_s3_connection_args(set_parser, False)
+
     # List
     list_parser = sp.add_parser("list", help=mirror_list.__doc__)
     list_parser.add_argument(
@@ -144,105 +185,85 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
 
 def mirror_add(args):
-    """Add a mirror to Spack."""
+    """add a mirror to Spack"""
     if (
         args.s3_access_key_id
         or args.s3_access_key_secret
         or args.s3_access_token
         or args.s3_profile
         or args.s3_endpoint_url
+        or args.type
     ):
         connection = {"url": args.url}
         if args.s3_access_key_id and args.s3_access_key_secret:
-            connection["access_pair"] = (args.s3_access_key_id, args.s3_access_key_secret)
+            connection["access_pair"] = [args.s3_access_key_id, args.s3_access_key_secret]
         if args.s3_access_token:
             connection["access_token"] = args.s3_access_token
         if args.s3_profile:
             connection["profile"] = args.s3_profile
         if args.s3_endpoint_url:
             connection["endpoint_url"] = args.s3_endpoint_url
-        mirror = spack.mirror.Mirror(fetch_url=connection, push_url=connection, name=args.name)
+        if args.type:
+            connection["binary"] = "binary" in args.type
+            connection["source"] = "source" in args.type
+        mirror = spack.mirror.Mirror(connection, name=args.name)
     else:
         mirror = spack.mirror.Mirror(args.url, name=args.name)
     spack.mirror.add(mirror, args.scope)
 
 
 def mirror_remove(args):
-    """Remove a mirror by name."""
+    """remove a mirror by name"""
     spack.mirror.remove(args.name, args.scope)
 
 
-def mirror_set_url(args):
-    """Change the URL of a mirror."""
-    url = args.url
+def _configure_mirror(args):
     mirrors = spack.config.get("mirrors", scope=args.scope)
-    if not mirrors:
-        mirrors = syaml_dict()
 
     if args.name not in mirrors:
-        tty.die("No mirror found with name %s." % args.name)
+        tty.die(f"No mirror found with name {args.name}.")
 
-    entry = mirrors[args.name]
-    key_values = ["s3_access_key_id", "s3_access_token", "s3_profile"]
+    entry = spack.mirror.Mirror(mirrors[args.name], args.name)
+    direction = "fetch" if args.fetch else "push" if args.push else None
+    changes = {}
+    if args.url:
+        changes["url"] = args.url
+    if args.s3_access_key_id and args.s3_access_key_secret:
+        changes["access_pair"] = [args.s3_access_key_id, args.s3_access_key_secret]
+    if args.s3_access_token:
+        changes["access_token"] = args.s3_access_token
+    if args.s3_profile:
+        changes["profile"] = args.s3_profile
+    if args.s3_endpoint_url:
+        changes["endpoint_url"] = args.s3_endpoint_url
 
-    if any(value for value in key_values if value in args):
-        incoming_data = {
-            "url": url,
-            "access_pair": (args.s3_access_key_id, args.s3_access_key_secret),
-            "access_token": args.s3_access_token,
-            "profile": args.s3_profile,
-            "endpoint_url": args.s3_endpoint_url,
-        }
-    try:
-        fetch_url = entry["fetch"]
-        push_url = entry["push"]
-    except TypeError:
-        fetch_url, push_url = entry, entry
+    # argparse cannot distinguish between --binary and --no-binary when same dest :(
+    # notice that set-url does not have these args, so getattr
+    if getattr(args, "type", None):
+        changes["binary"] = "binary" in args.type
+        changes["source"] = "source" in args.type
 
-    changes_made = False
+    changed = entry.update(changes, direction)
 
-    if args.push:
-        if isinstance(push_url, dict):
-            changes_made = changes_made or push_url != incoming_data
-            push_url = incoming_data
-        else:
-            changes_made = changes_made or push_url != url
-            push_url = url
-    else:
-        if isinstance(push_url, dict):
-            changes_made = changes_made or push_url != incoming_data or push_url != incoming_data
-            fetch_url, push_url = incoming_data, incoming_data
-        else:
-            changes_made = changes_made or push_url != url
-            fetch_url, push_url = url, url
-
-    items = [
-        (
-            (n, u)
-            if n != args.name
-            else (
-                (n, {"fetch": fetch_url, "push": push_url})
-                if fetch_url != push_url
-                else (n, {"fetch": fetch_url, "push": fetch_url})
-            )
-        )
-        for n, u in mirrors.items()
-    ]
-
-    mirrors = syaml_dict(items)
-    spack.config.set("mirrors", mirrors, scope=args.scope)
-
-    if changes_made:
-        tty.msg(
-            "Changed%s url or connection information for mirror %s."
-            % ((" (push)" if args.push else ""), args.name)
-        )
+    if changed:
+        mirrors[args.name] = entry.to_dict()
+        spack.config.set("mirrors", mirrors, scope=args.scope)
     else:
         tty.msg("No changes made to mirror %s." % args.name)
 
 
+def mirror_set(args):
+    """Configure the connection details of a mirror"""
+    _configure_mirror(args)
+
+
+def mirror_set_url(args):
+    """Change the URL of a mirror."""
+    _configure_mirror(args)
+
+
 def mirror_list(args):
-    """Print out available mirrors to the console."""
+    """print out available mirrors to the console"""
 
     mirrors = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(scope=args.scope)
     if not mirrors:
@@ -395,9 +416,7 @@ def process_mirror_stats(present, mirrored, error):
 
 
 def mirror_create(args):
-    """Create a directory to be used as a spack mirror, and fill it with
-    package archives.
-    """
+    """create a directory to be used as a spack mirror, and fill it with package archives"""
     if args.specs and args.all:
         raise SpackError(
             "cannot specify specs on command line if you chose to mirror all specs with '--all'"
@@ -470,7 +489,7 @@ def create_mirror_for_all_specs_inside_environment(path, skip_unstable_versions,
 
 
 def mirror_destroy(args):
-    """Given a url, recursively delete everything under it."""
+    """given a url, recursively delete everything under it"""
     mirror_url = None
 
     if args.mirror_name:
@@ -490,6 +509,7 @@ def mirror(parser, args):
         "remove": mirror_remove,
         "rm": mirror_remove,
         "set-url": mirror_set_url,
+        "set": mirror_set,
         "list": mirror_list,
     }
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/__init__.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         action="store",
         dest="module_set_name",
         default="default",
-        help="Named module set to use from modules configuration.",
+        help="named module set to use from modules configuration",
     )
     sp = subparser.add_subparsers(metavar="SUBCOMMAND", dest="subparser_name")
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/lmod.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def add_command(parser, command_dict):
 
 
 def setdefault(module_type, specs, args):
-    """Set the default module file, when multiple are present"""
+    """set the default module file, when multiple are present"""
     # For details on the underlying mechanism see:
     #
     # https://lmod.readthedocs.io/en/latest/060_locating.html#marking-a-version-as-default

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/tcl.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def add_command(parser, command_dict):
 
 
 def setdefault(module_type, specs, args):
-    """Set the default module file, when multiple are present"""
+    """set the default module file, when multiple are present"""
     # Currently, accepts only a single matching spec
     spack.cmd.modules.one_spec_or_raise(specs)
     spec = specs[0]

lib/spack/spack/cmd/pkg.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import itertools
 import os
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--type",
         action="store",
         default="C",
-        help="Types of changes to show (A: added, R: removed, " "C: changed); default is 'C'",
+        help="types of changes to show (A: added, R: removed, C: changed); default is 'C'",
     )
 
     rm_parser = sp.add_parser("removed", help=pkg_removed.__doc__)
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--canonical",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="dump canonical source as used by package hash.",
+        help="dump canonical source as used by package hash",
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(source_parser, ["spec"])
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/providers.py

@@ -17,9 +17,7 @@
 
 
 def setup_parser(subparser):
-    subparser.epilog = (
-        "If called without argument returns " "the list of all valid virtual packages"
-    )
+    subparser.epilog = "If called without argument returns the list of all valid virtual packages"
     subparser.add_argument(
         "virtual_package", nargs="*", help="find packages that provide this virtual package"
     )

lib/spack/spack/cmd/python.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import code
 import os

lib/spack/spack/cmd/repo.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 import sys
 
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     create_parser.add_argument("directory", help="directory to create the repo in")
     create_parser.add_argument(
         "namespace",
-        help="namespace to identify packages in the repository. " "defaults to the directory name",
+        help="namespace to identify packages in the repository (defaults to the directory name)",
         nargs="?",
     )
     create_parser.add_argument(
@@ -38,10 +36,8 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         action="store",
         dest="subdir",
         default=spack.repo.packages_dir_name,
-        help=(
-            "subdirectory to store packages in the repository."
-            " Default 'packages'. Use an empty string for no subdirectory."
-        ),
+        help="subdirectory to store packages in the repository\n\n"
+        "default 'packages'. use an empty string for no subdirectory",
     )
 
     # List
@@ -80,14 +76,14 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
 
 def repo_create(args):
-    """Create a new package repository."""
+    """create a new package repository"""
     full_path, namespace = spack.repo.create_repo(args.directory, args.namespace, args.subdir)
     tty.msg("Created repo with namespace '%s'." % namespace)
     tty.msg("To register it with spack, run this command:", "spack repo add %s" % full_path)
 
 
 def repo_add(args):
-    """Add a package source to Spack's configuration."""
+    """add a package source to Spack's configuration"""
     path = args.path
 
     # real_path is absolute and handles substitution.
@@ -118,7 +114,7 @@ def repo_add(args):
 
 
 def repo_remove(args):
-    """Remove a repository from Spack's configuration."""
+    """remove a repository from Spack's configuration"""
     repos = spack.config.get("repos", scope=args.scope)
     namespace_or_path = args.namespace_or_path
 
@@ -148,7 +144,7 @@ def repo_remove(args):
 
 
 def repo_list(args):
-    """Show registered repositories and their namespaces."""
+    """show registered repositories and their namespaces"""
     roots = spack.config.get("repos", scope=args.scope)
     repos = []
     for r in roots:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/resource.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty

lib/spack/spack/cmd/solve.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import re
 import sys
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--show",
         action="store",
         default="opt,solutions",
-        help="select outputs: comma-separated list of: \n"
+        help="select outputs\n\ncomma-separated list of:\n"
         "  asp          asp program text\n"
         "  opt          optimization criteria for best model\n"
         "  output       raw clingo output\n"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/spec.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import sys
 
 import llnl.util.lang as lang

lib/spack/spack/cmd/style.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def is_package(f):
 
 
 #: decorator for adding tools to the list
-class tool(object):
+class tool:
     def __init__(self, name, required=False):
         self.name = name
         self.required = required

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tags.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import spack.store
 import spack.tag
 
-description = "Show package tags and associated packages"
+description = "show package tags and associated packages"
 section = "basic"
 level = "long"
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/test.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 import fnmatch
 import os
@@ -37,39 +35,35 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "run", description=test_run.__doc__, help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_run.__doc__)
     )
 
-    alias_help_msg = "Provide an alias for this test-suite"
-    alias_help_msg += " for subsequent access."
-    run_parser.add_argument("--alias", help=alias_help_msg)
+    run_parser.add_argument(
+        "--alias", help="provide an alias for this test-suite for subsequent access"
+    )
 
     run_parser.add_argument(
         "--fail-fast",
         action="store_true",
-        help="Stop tests for each package after the first failure.",
+        help="stop tests for each package after the first failure",
     )
     run_parser.add_argument(
-        "--fail-first", action="store_true", help="Stop after the first failed package."
+        "--fail-first", action="store_true", help="stop after the first failed package"
     )
     run_parser.add_argument(
-        "--externals", action="store_true", help="Test packages that are externally installed."
+        "--externals", action="store_true", help="test packages that are externally installed"
     )
     run_parser.add_argument(
         "-x",
         "--explicit",
         action="store_true",
-        help="Only test packages that are explicitly installed.",
+        help="only test packages that are explicitly installed",
     )
     run_parser.add_argument(
-        "--keep-stage", action="store_true", help="Keep testing directory for debugging"
+        "--keep-stage", action="store_true", help="keep testing directory for debugging"
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(run_parser, ["log_format"])
-    run_parser.add_argument(
-        "--log-file",
-        default=None,
-        help="filename for the log file. if not passed a default will be used",
-    )
+    run_parser.add_argument("--log-file", default=None, help="filename for the log file")
     arguments.add_cdash_args(run_parser, False)
     run_parser.add_argument(
-        "--help-cdash", action="store_true", help="Show usage instructions for CDash reporting"
+        "--help-cdash", action="store_true", help="show usage instructions for CDash reporting"
     )
 
     cd_group = run_parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
@@ -98,7 +92,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     find_parser.add_argument(
         "filter",
         nargs=argparse.REMAINDER,
-        help="optional case-insensitive glob patterns to filter results.",
+        help="optional case-insensitive glob patterns to filter results",
     )
 
     # Status
@@ -106,7 +100,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "status", description=test_status.__doc__, help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_status.__doc__)
     )
     status_parser.add_argument(
-        "names", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="Test suites for which to print status"
+        "names", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="test suites for which to print status"
     )
 
     # Results
@@ -144,15 +138,15 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(remove_parser, ["yes_to_all"])
     remove_parser.add_argument(
-        "names", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="Test suites to remove from test stage"
+        "names", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="test suites to remove from test stage"
     )
 
 
 def test_run(args):
-    """Run tests for the specified installed packages.
+    """run tests for the specified installed packages
 
-    If no specs are listed, run tests for all packages in the current
-    environment or all installed packages if there is no active environment.
+    if no specs are listed, run tests for all packages in the current
+    environment or all installed packages if there is no active environment
     """
     if args.alias:
         suites = spack.install_test.get_named_test_suites(args.alias)
@@ -233,7 +227,7 @@ def create_reporter(args, specs_to_test, test_suite):
 
 
 def test_list(args):
-    """List installed packages with available tests."""
+    """list installed packages with available tests"""
     tagged = set(spack.repo.path.packages_with_tags(*args.tag)) if args.tag else set()
 
     def has_test_and_tags(pkg_class):
@@ -265,10 +259,10 @@ def has_test_and_tags(pkg_class):
 
 
 def test_find(args):  # TODO: merge with status (noargs)
-    """Find tests that are running or have available results.
+    """find tests that are running or have available results
 
-    Displays aliases for tests that have them, otherwise test suite content
-    hashes."""
+    displays aliases for tests that have them, otherwise test suite content hashes
+    """
     test_suites = spack.install_test.get_all_test_suites()
 
     # Filter tests by filter argument
@@ -304,7 +298,7 @@ def match(t, f):
 
 
 def test_status(args):
-    """Get the current status for the specified Spack test suite(s)."""
+    """get the current status for the specified Spack test suite(s)"""
     if args.names:
         test_suites = []
         for name in args.names:
@@ -389,7 +383,7 @@ def _report_suite_results(test_suite, args, constraints):
 
 
 def test_results(args):
-    """Get the results from Spack test suite(s) (default all)."""
+    """get the results from Spack test suite(s) (default all)"""
     if args.names:
         try:
             sep_index = args.names.index("--")
@@ -416,12 +410,13 @@ def test_results(args):
 
 
 def test_remove(args):
-    """Remove results from Spack test suite(s) (default all).
+    """remove results from Spack test suite(s) (default all)
 
-    If no test suite is listed, remove results for all suites.
+    if no test suite is listed, remove results for all suites.
 
-    Removed tests can no longer be accessed for results or status, and will not
-    appear in `spack test list` results."""
+    removed tests can no longer be accessed for results or status, and will not
+    appear in `spack test list` results
+    """
     if args.names:
         test_suites = []
         for name in args.names:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tutorial.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import os.path
 import shutil
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/uninstall.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import sys
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional
 
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "--force",
         action="store_true",
         dest="force",
-        help="remove regardless of whether other packages or environments " "depend on this one",
+        help="remove regardless of whether other packages or environments depend on this one",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--remove",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unit_test.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import division, print_function
-
 import argparse
 import collections
 import io

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unload.py

@@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-a", "--all", action="store_true", help="unload all loaded Spack packages."
+        "-a", "--all", action="store_true", help="unload all loaded Spack packages"
     )
 
 
 def unload(parser, args):
-    """Unload spack packages from the user environment."""
+    """unload spack packages from the user environment"""
     if args.specs and args.all:
         raise spack.error.SpackError(
-            "Cannot specify specs on command line" " when unloading all specs with '--all'"
+            "Cannot specify specs on command line when unloading all specs with '--all'"
         )
 
     hashes = os.environ.get(uenv.spack_loaded_hashes_var, "").split(":")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/url.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import division, print_function
-
 import urllib.parse
 from collections import defaultdict
 
@@ -290,7 +288,7 @@ def url_stats(args):
     # dictionary of issue type -> package -> descriptions
     issues = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: []))
 
-    class UrlStats(object):
+    class UrlStats:
         def __init__(self):
             self.total = 0
             self.schemes = defaultdict(lambda: 0)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/verify.py

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import argparse
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
@@ -12,7 +10,7 @@
 import spack.store
 import spack.verify
 
-description = "Check that all spack packages are on disk as installed"
+description = "check that all spack packages are on disk as installed"
 section = "admin"
 level = "long"
 
@@ -21,14 +19,14 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     setup_parser.parser = subparser
 
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-l", "--local", action="store_true", help="Verify only locally installed packages"
+        "-l", "--local", action="store_true", help="verify only locally installed packages"
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-j", "--json", action="store_true", help="Ouptut json-formatted errors"
+        "-j", "--json", action="store_true", help="ouptut json-formatted errors"
     )
-    subparser.add_argument("-a", "--all", action="store_true", help="Verify all packages")
+    subparser.add_argument("-a", "--all", action="store_true", help="verify all packages")
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "specs_or_files", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="Specs or files to verify"
+        "specs_or_files", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="specs or files to verify"
     )
 
     type = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
@@ -39,7 +37,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         const="specs",
         dest="type",
         default="specs",
-        help="Treat entries as specs (default)",
+        help="treat entries as specs (default)",
     )
     type.add_argument(
         "-f",
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         const="files",
         dest="type",
         default="specs",
-        help="Treat entries as absolute filenames. Cannot be used with '-a'",
+        help="treat entries as absolute filenames\n\ncannot be used with '-a'",
     )
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/versions.py

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import sys
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     output.add_argument(
         "--safe-only",
         action="store_true",
-        help="[deprecated] only list safe versions " "of the package",
+        help="[deprecated] only list safe versions of the package",
     )
     output.add_argument(
         "-r", "--remote", action="store_true", help="only list remote versions of the package"
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         "-n",
         "--new",
         action="store_true",
-        help="only list remote versions newer than " "the latest checksummed version",
+        help="only list remote versions newer than the latest checksummed version",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-c", "--concurrency", default=32, type=int, help="number of concurrent requests"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/view.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 from spack.filesystem_view import YamlFilesystemView, view_func_parser
 from spack.util import spack_yaml as s_yaml
 
-description = "project packages to a compact naming scheme on the filesystem."
+description = "project packages to a compact naming scheme on the filesystem"
 section = "environments"
 level = "short"
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         "--verbose",
         action="store_true",
         default=False,
-        help="If not verbose only warnings/errors will be printed.",
+        help="if not verbose only warnings/errors will be printed",
     )
     sp.add_argument(
         "-e",
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         "--dependencies",
         choices=["true", "false", "yes", "no"],
         default="true",
-        help="Link/remove/list dependencies.",
+        help="link/remove/list dependencies",
     )
 
     ssp = sp.add_subparsers(metavar="ACTION", dest="action")
@@ -137,12 +137,11 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
         if cmd in ("symlink", "hardlink", "copy"):
             # invalid for remove/statlink, for those commands the view needs to
             # already know its own projections.
-            help_msg = "Initialize view using projections from file."
             act.add_argument(
                 "--projection-file",
                 dest="projection_file",
                 type=spack.cmd.extant_file,
-                help=help_msg,
+                help="initialize view using projections from file",
             )
 
         if cmd == "remove":
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ def setup_parser(sp):
             act.add_argument(
                 "--no-remove-dependents",
                 action="store_true",
-                help="Do not remove dependents of specified specs.",
+                help="do not remove dependents of specified specs",
             )
 
             # with all option, spec is an optional argument

lib/spack/spack/compiler.py

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ def in_system_subdirectory(path):
     return any(path_contains_subdirectory(path, x) for x in system_dirs)
 
 
-class Compiler(object):
+class Compiler:
     """This class encapsulates a Spack "compiler", which includes C,
     C++, and Fortran compilers.  Subclasses should implement
     support for specific compilers, their possible names, arguments,
@@ -673,17 +673,17 @@ class CompilerAccessError(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self, compiler, paths):
         msg = "Compiler '%s' has executables that are missing" % compiler.spec
         msg += " or are not executable: %s" % paths
-        super(CompilerAccessError, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class InvalidCompilerError(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self):
-        super(InvalidCompilerError, self).__init__("Compiler has no executables.")
+        super().__init__("Compiler has no executables.")
 
 
 class UnsupportedCompilerFlag(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self, compiler, feature, flag_name, ver_string=None):
-        super(UnsupportedCompilerFlag, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             "{0} ({1}) does not support {2} (as compiler.{3}).".format(
                 compiler.name, ver_string if ver_string else compiler.version, feature, flag_name
             ),

lib/spack/spack/compilers/__init__.py

@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ def compiler_specs_for_arch(arch_spec, scope=None):
     return [c.spec for c in compilers_for_arch(arch_spec, scope)]
 
 
-class CacheReference(object):
+class CacheReference:
     """This acts as a hashable reference to any object (regardless of whether
     the object itself is hashable) and also prevents the object from being
     garbage-collected (so if two CacheReference objects are equal, they
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ def compiler_for_spec(compiler_spec, arch_spec):
     if len(compilers) < 1:
         raise NoCompilerForSpecError(compiler_spec, arch_spec.os)
     if len(compilers) > 1:
-        msg = "Multiple definitions of compiler %s" % compiler_spec
+        msg = "Multiple definitions of compiler %s " % compiler_spec
         msg += "for architecture %s:\n %s" % (arch_spec, compilers)
         tty.debug(msg)
     return compilers[0]
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ def name_matches(name, name_list):
 
 class InvalidCompilerConfigurationError(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self, compiler_spec):
-        super(InvalidCompilerConfigurationError, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             'Invalid configuration for [compiler "%s"]: ' % compiler_spec,
             "Compiler configuration must contain entries for all compilers: %s"
             % _path_instance_vars,
@@ -829,19 +829,17 @@ def __init__(self, compiler_spec):
 
 class NoCompilersError(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self):
-        super(NoCompilersError, self).__init__("Spack could not find any compilers!")
+        super().__init__("Spack could not find any compilers!")
 
 
 class UnknownCompilerError(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self, compiler_name):
-        super(UnknownCompilerError, self).__init__(
-            "Spack doesn't support the requested compiler: {0}".format(compiler_name)
-        )
+        super().__init__("Spack doesn't support the requested compiler: {0}".format(compiler_name))
 
 
 class NoCompilerForSpecError(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self, compiler_spec, target):
-        super(NoCompilerForSpecError, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             "No compilers for operating system %s satisfy spec %s" % (target, compiler_spec)
         )
 
@@ -860,11 +858,9 @@ def __init__(self, compiler_spec, arch_spec):
             + " in the following files:\n\t"
             + "\n\t".join(duplicate_msg(x, y) for x, y in duplicate_table)
         )
-        super(CompilerDuplicateError, self).__init__(msg)
+        super().__init__(msg)
 
 
 class CompilerSpecInsufficientlySpecificError(spack.error.SpackError):
     def __init__(self, compiler_spec):
-        super(CompilerSpecInsufficientlySpecificError, self).__init__(
-            "Multiple compilers satisfy spec %s" % compiler_spec
-        )
+        super().__init__("Multiple compilers satisfy spec %s" % compiler_spec)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/apple_clang.py

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def setup_custom_environment(self, pkg, env):
         the 'DEVELOPER_DIR' environment variables to cause the xcrun and
         related tools to use this Xcode.app.
         """
-        super(AppleClang, self).setup_custom_environment(pkg, env)
+        super().setup_custom_environment(pkg, env)
 
         if not pkg.use_xcode:
             # if we do it for all packages, we get into big troubles with MPI:

lib/spack/spack/compilers/cce.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class Cce(Compiler):
     """Cray compiler environment compiler."""
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super(Cce, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         # For old cray compilers on module based systems we replace
         # ``version_argument`` with the old value. Cannot be a property
         # as the new value is used in classmethods for path-based detection

lib/spack/spack/compilers/msvc.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class Msvc(Compiler):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         new_pth = [pth if pth else get_valid_fortran_pth(args[0].version) for pth in args[3]]
         args[3][:] = new_pth
-        super(Msvc, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         if os.getenv("ONEAPI_ROOT"):
             # If this found, it sets all the vars
             self.setvarsfile = os.path.join(os.getenv("ONEAPI_ROOT"), "setvars.bat")

lib/spack/spack/concretize.py

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 TODO: make this customizable and allow users to configure
       concretization  policies.
 """
-from __future__ import print_function
-
 import functools
 import platform
 import tempfile
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@
 
 
 @functools.total_ordering
-class reverse_order(object):
+class reverse_order:
     """Helper for creating key functions.
 
     This is a wrapper that inverts the sense of the natural
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ def __lt__(self, other):
         return other.value < self.value
 
 
-class Concretizer(object):
+class Concretizer:
     """You can subclass this class to override some of the default
     concretization strategies, or you can override all of them.
     """
@@ -794,9 +792,7 @@ def __init__(self, arch, available_os_targets):
             " operating systems and targets:\n\t" + "\n\t".join(available_os_target_strs)
         )
 
-        super(NoCompilersForArchError, self).__init__(
-            err_msg, "Run 'spack compiler find' to add compilers."
-        )
+        super().__init__(err_msg, "Run 'spack compiler find' to add compilers.")
 
 
 class UnavailableCompilerVersionError(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -808,7 +804,7 @@ def __init__(self, compiler_spec, arch=None):
         if arch:
             err_msg += " for operating system {0} and target {1}.".format(arch.os, arch.target)
 
-        super(UnavailableCompilerVersionError, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             err_msg,
             "Run 'spack compiler find' to add compilers or "
             "'spack compilers' to see which compilers are already recognized"
@@ -821,7 +817,7 @@ class NoValidVersionError(spack.error.SpackError):
     particular spec."""
 
     def __init__(self, spec):
-        super(NoValidVersionError, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             "There are no valid versions for %s that match '%s'" % (spec.name, spec.versions)
         )
 
@@ -832,7 +828,7 @@ class InsufficientArchitectureInfoError(spack.error.SpackError):
     system"""
 
     def __init__(self, spec, archs):
-        super(InsufficientArchitectureInfoError, self).__init__(
+        super().__init__(
             "Cannot determine necessary architecture information for '%s': %s"
             % (spec.name, str(archs))
         )
@@ -848,4 +844,4 @@ def __init__(self, spec):
             "The spec\n    '%s'\n    is configured as not buildable, "
             "and no matching external installs were found"
         )
-        super(NoBuildError, self).__init__(msg % spec)
+        super().__init__(msg % spec)