grass: Update spec for gdal dependency (#38396)

* CI: add details about built spec to ci job variables

Co-authored-by: Alec Scott <alec@bcs.sh>
Co-authored-by: Alec Scott <hi@alecbcs.com>

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         operating_system: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{inputs.python_version}}

.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison bison-devel libstdc++-static
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
               bzip2 curl file g++ gcc gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup repo
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install cmake bison@2.7 tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           set -ex
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup repo
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
               bzip2 curl file g++ gcc patchelf gfortran git gzip \
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
               gawk
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ jobs:
           # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
           sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ jobs:
           # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
           sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'spack/spack'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
 
       - name: Set Container Tag Normal (Nightly)
         run: |
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload Dockerfile
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@0b7f8abb1508181956e8e162db84b466c27e18ce
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@a8a3f3ad30e3422c9c7b888a15615d19a852ae32
         with:
           name: dockerfiles
           path: dockerfiles
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@2b82ce82d56a2a04d2637cd93a637ae1b359c0a7 # @v1
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4c0219f9ac95b02789c1075625400b2acbff50b1 # @v1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@885d1462b80bc1c1c7f0b00334ad271f09369c55 # @v1
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
         uses: docker/login-action@465a07811f14bebb1938fbed4728c6a1ff8901fc # @v1
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build & Deploy ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@2eb1c1961a95fc15694676618e422e8ba1d63825 # @v2
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@0a97817b6ade9f46837855d676c4cca3a2471fc9 # @v2
         with:
           context: dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.dockerfile[1] }}

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
       core: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.core }}
       packages: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.packages }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0

.github/workflows/nightly-win-builds.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   build-paraview-deps:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
           on_develop: false
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # @v2
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
   shell:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # @v2
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
     - name: Setup repo and non-root user
       run: |
           git --version
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
   clingo-cffi:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # @v2
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         python-version: ["3.10"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # @v2

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
   validate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
   style:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1 # @v2
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-      - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9 # @v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac # @v2
       - name: Setup repo and non-root user
         run: |
           git --version

.github/workflows/windows_python.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
   unit-tests:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
   unit-tests-cmd:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
   build-abseil:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@c85c95e3d7251135ab7dc9ce3241c5835cc595a9
+    - uses: actions/checkout@3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@61a6322f88396a6271a6ee3565807d608ecaddd1
@@ -75,6 +75,5 @@ jobs:
     - name: Build Test
       run: |
         spack compiler find
-        spack external find cmake
-        spack external find ninja
+        spack -d external find cmake ninja
         spack -d install abseil-cpp

SECURITY.md

@@ -2,24 +2,26 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-We provide security updates for the following releases.
+We provide security updates for `develop` and for the last two
+stable (`0.x`) release series of Spack. Security updates will be
+made available as patch (`0.x.1`, `0.x.2`, etc.) releases.
+
 For more on Spack's release structure, see
 [`README.md`](https://github.com/spack/spack#releases).
 
-
-| Version | Supported          |
-| ------- | ------------------ |
-| develop | :white_check_mark: |
-| 0.19.x  | :white_check_mark: |
-| 0.18.x  | :white_check_mark: |
-
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 
-To report a vulnerability or other security
-issue, email maintainers@spack.io.
+You can report a vulnerability using GitHub's private reporting
+feature:
 
-You can expect to hear back within two days.
-If your security issue is accepted, we will do
-our best to release a fix within a week. If
-fixing the issue will take longer than this,
-we will discuss timeline options with you.
+1. Go to [github.com/spack/spack/security](https://github.com/spack/spack/security).
+2. Click "Report a vulnerability" in the upper right corner of that page.
+3. Fill out the form and submit your draft security advisory.
+
+More details are available in
+[GitHub's docs](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/security-advisories/guidance-on-reporting-and-writing/privately-reporting-a-security-vulnerability).
+
+You can expect to hear back about security issues within two days.
+If your security issue is accepted, we will do our best to release
+a fix within a week. If fixing the issue will take longer than
+this, we will discuss timeline options with you.

bin/spack.bat

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 ::
 @echo off
 
-set spack=%SPACK_ROOT%\bin\spack
+set spack="%SPACK_ROOT%"\bin\spack
 
 ::#######################################################################
 :: This is a wrapper around the spack command that forwards calls to

bin/spack.ps1

@@ -39,12 +39,26 @@ function Read-SpackArgs {
     return $SpackCMD_params, $SpackSubCommand, $SpackSubCommandArgs
 }
 
+function Set-SpackEnv {
+    # This method is responsible
+    # for processing the return from $(spack <command>)
+    # which are returned as System.Object[]'s containing
+    # a list of env commands
+    # Invoke-Expression can only handle one command at a time
+    # so we iterate over the list to invoke the env modification
+    # expressions one at a time
+    foreach($envop in $args[0]){
+        Invoke-Expression $envop
+    }
+}
+
+
 function Invoke-SpackCD {
     if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackSubCommandArgs) {
-        python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack cd -h
+        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" cd -h
     }
     else {
-        $LOC = $(python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack location $SpackSubCommandArgs)
+        $LOC = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" location $SpackSubCommandArgs)
         if (($NULL -ne $LOC)){
             if ( Test-Path -Path $LOC){
                 Set-Location $LOC
@@ -61,7 +75,7 @@ function Invoke-SpackCD {
 
 function Invoke-SpackEnv {
     if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackSubCommandArgs[0]) {
-        python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack env -h
+        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env -h
     }
     else {
         $SubCommandSubCommand = $SpackSubCommandArgs[0]
@@ -69,46 +83,46 @@ function Invoke-SpackEnv {
         switch ($SubCommandSubCommand) {
             "activate" {
                 if (Compare-CommonArgs $SubCommandSubCommandArgs) {
-                    python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
+                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
                 }
                 elseif ([bool]($SubCommandSubCommandArgs.Where({$_ -eq "--pwsh"}))) {
-                    python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
+                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
                 }
                 elseif (!$SubCommandSubCommandArgs) {
-                    python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
+                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
                 }
                 else {
-                    $SpackEnv = $(python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params env activate "--pwsh" $SubCommandSubCommandArgs)
-                    $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand($SpackEnv)
+                    $SpackEnv = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params env activate "--pwsh" $SubCommandSubCommandArgs)
+                    Set-SpackEnv $SpackEnv
                 }
             }
             "deactivate" {
                 if ([bool]($SubCommandSubCommandArgs.Where({$_ -eq "--pwsh"}))) {
-                    python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack env deactivate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
+                    python"$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env deactivate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
                 }
                 elseif($SubCommandSubCommandArgs) {
-                    python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack env deactivate -h
+                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env deactivate -h
                 }
                 else {
-                    $SpackEnv = $(python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params env deactivate --pwsh)
-                    $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand($SpackEnv)
+                    $SpackEnv = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params env deactivate "--pwsh")
+                    Set-SpackEnv $SpackEnv
                 }
             }
-            default {python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs}
+            default {python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs}
         }
     }
 }
 
 function Invoke-SpackLoad {
     if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackSubCommandArgs) {
-        python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
+        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
     }
     elseif ([bool]($SpackSubCommandArgs.Where({($_ -eq "--pwsh") -or ($_ -eq "--list")}))) {
-        python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
+        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
     }
     else {
-        $SpackEnv = $(python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand "--pwsh" $SpackSubCommandArgs)
-        $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand($SpackEnv)
+        $SpackEnv = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand "--pwsh" $SpackSubCommandArgs)
+        Set-SpackEnv $SpackEnv
     }
 }
 
@@ -116,7 +130,7 @@ function Invoke-SpackLoad {
 $SpackCMD_params, $SpackSubCommand, $SpackSubCommandArgs = Read-SpackArgs $args
 
 if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackCMD_params) {
-    python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
+    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
     exit $LASTEXITCODE
 }
 
@@ -128,5 +142,5 @@ switch($SpackSubCommand)
     "env"    {Invoke-SpackEnv}
     "load"   {Invoke-SpackLoad}
     "unload" {Invoke-SpackLoad}
-    default  {python $Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs}
+    default  {python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs}
 }

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/bundlepackage.rst

@@ -9,9 +9,32 @@
 Bundle
 ------
 
-``BundlePackage`` represents a set of packages that are expected to work well
-together, such as a collection of commonly used software libraries.  The
-associated software is specified as bundle dependencies.
+``BundlePackage`` represents a set of packages that are expected to work
+well together, such as a collection of commonly used software libraries.
+The associated software is specified as dependencies.
+
+If it makes sense, variants, conflicts, and requirements can be added to
+the package. :ref:`Variants <variants>` ensure that common build options
+are consistent across the packages supporting them.  :ref:`Conflicts
+and requirements <packaging_conflicts>` prevent attempts to build with known
+bugs or limitations.
+
+For example, if ``MyBundlePackage`` is known to only build on ``linux``,
+it could use the ``require`` directive as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    require("platform=linux", msg="MyBundlePackage only builds on linux")
+
+Spack has a number of built-in bundle packages, such as:
+
+* `AmdAocl <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amd-aocl/package.py>`_
+* `EcpProxyApps <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ecp-proxy-apps/package.py>`_
+* `Libc <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/libc/package.py>`_
+* `Xsdk <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/xsdk/package.py>`_
+
+where ``Xsdk`` also inherits from ``CudaPackage`` and ``RocmPackage`` and
+``Libc`` is a virtual bundle package for the C standard library.
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^

lib/spack/docs/conf.py

@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ def setup(sphinx):
     # Spack classes that intersphinx is unable to resolve
     ("py:class", "spack.version.StandardVersion"),
     ("py:class", "spack.spec.DependencySpec"),
+    ("py:class", "spack.spec.InstallStatus"),
     ("py:class", "spack.spec.SpecfileReaderBase"),
     ("py:class", "spack.install_test.Pb"),
 ]

lib/spack/docs/gpu_configuration.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+.. Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+==========================
+Using External GPU Support
+==========================
+
+Many packages come with a ``+cuda`` or ``+rocm`` variant. With no added
+configuration Spack will download and install the needed components.
+It may be preferable to use existing system support: the following sections
+help with using a system installation of GPU libraries.
+
+-----------------------------------
+Using an External ROCm Installation
+-----------------------------------
+
+Spack breaks down ROCm into many separate component packages. The following
+is an example ``packages.yaml`` that organizes a consistent set of ROCm
+components for use by dependent packages:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     all:
+       compiler: [rocmcc@=5.3.0]
+       variants: amdgpu_target=gfx90a
+     hip:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: hip@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/hip
+     hsa-rocr-dev:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: hsa-rocr-dev@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
+     llvm-amdgpu:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: llvm-amdgpu@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/llvm/
+     comgr:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: comgr@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
+     hipsparse:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: hipsparse@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
+     hipblas:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: hipblas@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
+     rocblas:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: rocblas@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
+     rocprim:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: rocprim@5.3.0
+         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/rocprim/
+
+This is in combination with the following compiler definition:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   compilers:
+   - compiler:
+       spec: rocmcc@=5.3.0
+       paths:
+         cc: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/bin/amdclang
+         cxx: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/bin/amdclang++
+         f77: null
+         fc: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/bin/amdflang
+       operating_system: rhel8
+       target: x86_64
+
+This includes the following considerations:
+
+- Each of the listed externals specifies ``buildable: false`` to force Spack
+  to use only the externals we defined.
+- ``spack external find`` can automatically locate some of the ``hip``/``rocm``
+  packages, but not all of them, and furthermore not in a manner that
+  guarantees a complementary set if multiple ROCm installations are available.
+- The ``prefix`` is the same for several components, but note that others
+  require listing one of the subdirectories as a prefix.
+
+-----------------------------------
+Using an External CUDA Installation
+-----------------------------------
+
+CUDA is split into fewer components and is simpler to specify:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     all:
+       variants:
+       - cuda_arch=70
+     cuda:
+       buildable: false
+       externals:
+       - spec: cuda@11.0.2
+         prefix: /opt/cuda/cuda-11.0.2/
+
+where ``/opt/cuda/cuda-11.0.2/lib/`` contains ``libcudart.so``.

lib/spack/docs/index.rst

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ or refer to the full manual below.
    extensions
    pipelines
    signing
+   gpu_configuration
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -363,6 +363,42 @@ one of these::
 If Spack finds none of these variables set, it will look for ``vim``, ``vi``, ``emacs``,
 ``nano``, and ``notepad``, in that order.
 
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Bundling software
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If you have a collection of software expected to work well together with
+no source code of its own, you can create a :ref:`BundlePackage <bundlepackage>`.
+Examples where bundle packages can be useful include defining suites of
+applications (e.g, `EcpProxyApps
+<https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ecp-proxy-apps/package.py>`_), commonly used libraries
+(e.g., `AmdAocl <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amd-aocl/package.py>`_),
+and software development kits (e.g., `EcpDataVisSdk <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ecp-data-vis-sdk/package.py>`_).
+
+These versioned packages primarily consist of dependencies on the associated
+software packages. They can include :ref:`variants <variants>` to ensure
+common build options are consistently applied to dependencies. Known build
+failures, such as not building on a platform or when certain compilers or
+variants are used, can be flagged with :ref:`conflicts <packaging_conflicts>`.
+Build requirements, such as only building with specific compilers, can similarly
+be flagged with :ref:`requires <packaging_conflicts>`.
+
+The ``spack create --template bundle`` command will create a skeleton
+``BundlePackage`` ``package.py`` for you:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack create --template bundle --name coolsdk
+
+Now you can fill in the basic package documentation, version(s), and software
+package dependencies along with any other relevant customizations.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Remember that bundle packages have no software of their own so there
+   is nothing to download.
+
+
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Non-downloadable software
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -610,7 +646,16 @@ add a line like this in the package class:
        version("8.2.0", md5="1c9f62f0778697a09d36121ead88e08e")
        version("8.1.2", md5="d47dd09ed7ae6e7fd6f9a816d7f5fdf6")
 
-Versions should be listed in descending order, from newest to oldest.
+.. note::
+
+   By convention, we list versions in descending order, from newest to oldest.
+
+.. note::
+
+   :ref:`Bundle packages  <bundlepackage>` do not have source code so
+   there is nothing to fetch. Consequently, their version directives
+   consist solely of the version name (e.g., ``version("202309")``).
+
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Date Versions
@@ -2678,7 +2723,7 @@ Conflicts and requirements
 --------------------------
 
 Sometimes packages have known bugs, or limitations, that would prevent them
-to build e.g. against other dependencies or with certain compilers. Spack
+from building e.g. against other dependencies or with certain compilers. Spack
 makes it possible to express such constraints with the ``conflicts`` directive.
 
 Adding the following to a package:
@@ -4773,17 +4818,17 @@ For example, running:
 
 results in spack checking that the installation created the following **file**:
 
-* ``self.prefix/bin/reframe``
+* ``self.prefix.bin.reframe``
 
 and the following **directories**:
 
-* ``self.prefix/bin``
-* ``self.prefix/config``
-* ``self.prefix/docs``
-* ``self.prefix/reframe``
-* ``self.prefix/tutorials``
-* ``self.prefix/unittests``
-* ``self.prefix/cscs-checks``
+* ``self.prefix.bin``
+* ``self.prefix.config``
+* ``self.prefix.docs``
+* ``self.prefix.reframe``
+* ``self.prefix.tutorials``
+* ``self.prefix.unittests``
+* ``self.prefix.cscs-checks``
 
 If **any** of these paths are missing, then Spack considers the installation
 to have failed.
@@ -4927,7 +4972,7 @@ installed executable. The check is implemented as follows:
        @on_package_attributes(run_tests=True)
        def check_list(self):
             with working_dir(self.stage.source_path):
-                reframe = Executable(join_path(self.prefix, "bin", "reframe"))
+                reframe = Executable(self.prefix.bin.reframe)
                 reframe("-l")
 
 .. warning::
@@ -5147,8 +5192,8 @@ embedded test parts.
            for example in ["ex1", "ex2"]:
                with test_part(
                    self,
-                   "test_example_{0}".format(example),
-                   purpose="run installed {0}".format(example),
+                   f"test_example_{example}",
+                   purpose=f"run installed {example}",
                 ):
                     exe = which(join_path(self.prefix.bin, example))
                     exe()
@@ -5226,11 +5271,10 @@ Below illustrates using this feature to compile an example.
            ...
            cxx = which(os.environ["CXX"])
            cxx(
-               "-L{0}".format(self.prefix.lib),
-               "-I{0}".format(self.prefix.include),
-               "{0}.cpp".format(exe),
-               "-o",
-               exe
+               f"-L{self.prefix.lib}",
+               f"-I{self.prefix.include}",
+               f"{exe}.cpp",
+               "-o", exe
            )
            cxx_example = which(exe)
            cxx_example()
@@ -5247,14 +5291,14 @@ Saving build-time files
     We highly recommend re-using build-time test sources and pared down
     input files for testing installed software. These files are easier
     to keep synchronized with software capabilities since they reside
-    within the software's repository. 
-    
+    within the software's repository.
+
     If that is not possible, you can add test-related files to the package
     repository (see :ref:`adding custom files <cache_custom_files>`). It
     will be important to maintain them so they work across listed or supported
     versions of the package.
 
-You can use the ``cache_extra_test_sources`` method to copy directories
+You can use the ``cache_extra_test_sources`` helper to copy directories
 and or files from the source build stage directory to the package's
 installation directory.
 
@@ -5262,10 +5306,15 @@ The signature for ``cache_extra_test_sources`` is:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   def cache_extra_test_sources(self, srcs):
+   def cache_extra_test_sources(pkg, srcs):
+
+where each argument has the following meaning:
+
+* ``pkg`` is an instance of the package for the spec under test.
+
+* ``srcs`` is a string *or* a list of strings corresponding to the
+  paths of subdirectories and or files needed for stand-alone testing.
 
-where ``srcs`` is a string *or* a list of strings corresponding to the
-paths of subdirectories and or files needed for stand-alone testing. 
 The paths must be relative to the staged source directory. Contents of
 subdirectories and files are copied to a special test cache subdirectory
 of the installation prefix. They are automatically copied to the appropriate
@@ -5286,21 +5335,18 @@ and using ``foo.c`` in a test method is illustrated below.
            srcs = ["tests",
                    join_path("examples", "foo.c"),
                    join_path("examples", "bar.c")]
-           self.cache_extra_test_sources(srcs)
+           cache_extra_test_sources(self, srcs)
 
        def test_foo(self):
            exe = "foo"
-           src_dir = join_path(
-               self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir, "examples"
-           )
+           src_dir = self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir.examples
            with working_dir(src_dir):
                cc = which(os.environ["CC"])
                cc(
-                   "-L{0}".format(self.prefix.lib),
-                   "-I{0}".format(self.prefix.include),
-                   "{0}.c".format(exe),
-                   "-o",
-                   exe
+                   f"-L{self.prefix.lib}",
+                   f"-I{self.prefix.include}",
+                   f"{exe}.c",
+                   "-o", exe
                )
                foo = which(exe)
                foo()
@@ -5326,9 +5372,9 @@ the files using the ``self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir`` property.
 In our example above, test methods can use the following paths to reference
 the copy of each entry listed in ``srcs``, respectively:
 
-* ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir, "tests")``
-* ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir, "examples", "foo.c")``
-* ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir, "examples", "bar.c")``
+* ``self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir.tests``
+* ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir.examples, "foo.c")``
+* ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir.examples, "bar.c")``
 
 .. admonition:: Library packages should build stand-alone tests
 
@@ -5347,7 +5393,7 @@ the copy of each entry listed in ``srcs``, respectively:
     If one or more of the copied files needs to be modified to reference
     the installed software, it is recommended that those changes be made
     to the cached files **once** in the ``copy_test_sources`` method and
-    ***after** the call to ``self.cache_extra_test_sources()``. This will
+    ***after** the call to ``cache_extra_test_sources()``. This will
     reduce the amount of unnecessary work in the test method **and** avoid
     problems testing in shared instances and facility deployments.
 
@@ -5394,7 +5440,7 @@ property as shown below.
            """build and run custom-example"""
            data_dir = self.test_suite.current_test_data_dir
            exe = "custom-example"
-           src = datadir.join("{0}.cpp".format(exe))
+           src = datadir.join(f"{exe}.cpp")
            ...
            # TODO: Build custom-example using src and exe
            ...
@@ -5410,7 +5456,7 @@ Reading expected output from a file
 
 The helper function ``get_escaped_text_output`` is available for packages
 to retrieve and properly format the text from a file that contains the
-expected output from running an executable that may contain special 
+expected output from running an executable that may contain special
 characters.
 
 The signature for ``get_escaped_text_output`` is:
@@ -5444,7 +5490,7 @@ added to the package's ``test`` subdirectory.
                db_filename, ".dump", output=str.split, error=str.split
            )
            for exp in expected:
-               assert re.search(exp, out), "Expected '{0}' in output".format(exp)
+               assert re.search(exp, out), f"Expected '{exp}' in output"
 
 If the file was instead copied from the ``tests`` subdirectory of the staged
 source code, the path would be obtained as shown below.
@@ -5457,7 +5503,7 @@ source code, the path would be obtained as shown below.
            db_filename = test_cache_dir.join("packages.db")
 
 Alternatively, if the file was copied to the ``share/tests`` subdirectory
-as part of the installation process, the test could access the path as 
+as part of the installation process, the test could access the path as
 follows:
 
 .. code-block:: python
@@ -5494,9 +5540,12 @@ Invoking the method is the equivalent of:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
+   errors = []
    for check in expected:
        if not re.search(check, actual):
-           raise RuntimeError("Expected '{0}' in output '{1}'".format(check, actual))
+           errors.append(f"Expected '{check}' in output '{actual}'")
+   if errors:
+       raise RuntimeError("\n ".join(errors))
 
 
 .. _accessing-files:
@@ -5536,7 +5585,7 @@ repository, and installation.
      - ``self.test_suite.test_dir_for_spec(self.spec)``
    * - Current Spec's Build-time Files
      - ``self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir``
-     - ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir, "examples", "foo.c")``
+     - ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_cache_dir.examples, "foo.c")``
    * - Current Spec's Custom Test Files
      - ``self.test_suite.current_test_data_dir``
      - ``join_path(self.test_suite.current_test_data_dir, "hello.f90")``
@@ -5551,7 +5600,7 @@ Inheriting stand-alone tests
 Stand-alone tests defined in parent (.e.g., :ref:`build-systems`) and
 virtual (e.g., :ref:`virtual-dependencies`) packages are executed by
 packages that inherit from or provide interface implementations for those
-packages, respectively. 
+packages, respectively.
 
 The table below summarizes the stand-alone tests that will be executed along
 with those implemented in the package itself.
@@ -5621,7 +5670,7 @@ for ``openmpi``:
    SKIPPED: test_version_oshcc: oshcc is not installed
    ...
    ==> [2023-03-10-16:04:02.215227] Completed testing
-   ==> [2023-03-10-16:04:02.215597] 
+   ==> [2023-03-10-16:04:02.215597]
    ======================== SUMMARY: openmpi-4.1.4-ubmrigj ========================
    Openmpi::test_bin_mpirun .. PASSED
    Openmpi::test_bin_ompi_info .. PASSED
@@ -6071,7 +6120,7 @@ in the extra attributes can implement this method like this:
    @classmethod
    def validate_detected_spec(cls, spec, extra_attributes):
        """Check that "compilers" is in the extra attributes."""
-       msg = ("the extra attribute "compilers" must be set for "
+       msg = ("the extra attribute 'compilers' must be set for "
               "the detected spec '{0}'".format(spec))
        assert "compilers" in extra_attributes, msg
 

lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-sphinx==7.2.2
+sphinx==7.2.6
 sphinxcontrib-programoutput==0.17
 sphinx_design==0.5.0
 sphinx-rtd-theme==1.3.0
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ python-levenshtein==0.21.1
 docutils==0.18.1
 pygments==2.16.1
 urllib3==2.0.4
-pytest==7.4.0
+pytest==7.4.2
 isort==5.12.0
-black==23.7.0
+black==23.9.1
 flake8==6.1.0
 mypy==1.5.1

lib/spack/external/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 * Homepage: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/archspec
 * Usage: Labeling, comparison and detection of microarchitectures
-* Version: 0.2.1 (commit 9e1117bd8a2f0581bced161f2a2e8d6294d0300b)
+* Version: 0.2.1 (commit df43a1834460bf94516136951c4729a3100603ec)
 
 astunparse
 ----------------

lib/spack/external/archspec/__init__.py

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 """Init file to avoid namespace packages"""
-__version__ = "0.2.0"
+__version__ = "0.2.1"

lib/spack/external/archspec/cpu/microarchitecture.py

@@ -79,14 +79,18 @@ def __init__(self, name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation=0):
         self.features = features
         self.compilers = compilers
         self.generation = generation
+        # Cache the ancestor computation
+        self._ancestors = None
 
     @property
     def ancestors(self):
         """All the ancestors of this microarchitecture."""
-        value = self.parents[:]
-        for parent in self.parents:
-            value.extend(a for a in parent.ancestors if a not in value)
-        return value
+        if self._ancestors is None:
+            value = self.parents[:]
+            for parent in self.parents:
+                value.extend(a for a in parent.ancestors if a not in value)
+            self._ancestors = value
+        return self._ancestors
 
     def _to_set(self):
         """Returns a set of the nodes in this microarchitecture DAG."""

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures.json

@@ -145,6 +145,13 @@
             "flags": "-march={name} -mtune=generic -mcx16 -msahf -mpopcnt -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2 -mssse3"
           }
         ],
+        "intel": [
+          {
+            "versions": "16.0:",
+            "name": "corei7",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune=generic -mpopcnt"
+          }
+        ],
         "oneapi": [
           {
             "versions": "2021.2.0:",
@@ -217,6 +224,13 @@
             "flags": "-march={name} -mtune=generic -mcx16 -msahf -mpopcnt -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2 -mssse3 -mavx -mavx2 -mbmi -mbmi2 -mf16c -mfma -mlzcnt -mmovbe -mxsave"
           }
         ],
+        "intel": [
+          {
+            "versions": "16.0:",
+            "name": "core-avx2",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name} -fma -mf16c"
+          }
+        ],
         "oneapi": [
           {
             "versions": "2021.2.0:",
@@ -300,6 +314,13 @@
             "flags": "-march={name} -mtune=generic -mcx16 -msahf -mpopcnt -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2 -mssse3 -mavx -mavx2 -mbmi -mbmi2 -mf16c -mfma -mlzcnt -mmovbe -mxsave -mavx512f -mavx512bw -mavx512cd -mavx512dq -mavx512vl"
           }
         ],
+        "intel": [
+            {
+            "versions": "16.0:",
+            "name": "skylake-avx512",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
+            }
+        ],
         "oneapi": [
           {
             "versions": "2021.2.0:",
@@ -1412,6 +1433,92 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    "sapphirerapids": {
+      "from": [
+        "icelake"
+      ],
+      "vendor": "GenuineIntel",
+      "features": [
+        "mmx",
+        "sse",
+        "sse2",
+        "ssse3",
+        "sse4_1",
+        "sse4_2",
+        "popcnt",
+        "aes",
+        "pclmulqdq",
+        "avx",
+        "rdrand",
+        "f16c",
+        "movbe",
+        "fma",
+        "avx2",
+        "bmi1",
+        "bmi2",
+        "rdseed",
+        "adx",
+        "clflushopt",
+        "xsavec",
+        "xsaveopt",
+        "avx512f",
+        "avx512vl",
+        "avx512bw",
+        "avx512dq",
+        "avx512cd",
+        "avx512vbmi",
+        "avx512ifma",
+        "sha_ni",
+        "clwb",
+        "rdpid",
+        "gfni",
+        "avx512_vbmi2",
+        "avx512_vpopcntdq",
+        "avx512_bitalg",
+        "avx512_vnni",
+        "vpclmulqdq",
+        "vaes",
+        "avx512_bf16",
+        "cldemote",
+        "movdir64b",
+        "movdiri",
+        "pdcm",
+        "serialize",
+        "waitpkg"
+      ],
+      "compilers": {
+        "gcc": [
+          {
+            "versions": "11.0:",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
+          }
+        ],
+        "clang": [
+          {
+            "versions": "12.0:",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
+          }
+        ],
+        "intel": [
+          {
+            "versions": "2021.2:",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
+          }
+        ],
+        "oneapi": [
+          {
+            "versions": "2021.2:",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
+          }
+        ],
+        "dpcpp": [
+          {
+              "versions": "2021.2:",
+            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     "k10": {
       "from": ["x86_64"],
       "vendor": "AuthenticAMD",
@@ -2065,8 +2172,6 @@
         "pku",
         "gfni",
         "flush_l1d",
-        "erms",
-        "avic",
         "avx512f",
         "avx512dq",
         "avx512ifma",
@@ -2083,12 +2188,12 @@
       "compilers": {
         "gcc": [
           {
-            "versions": "10.3:13.0",
+            "versions": "10.3:12.2",
             "name": "znver3",
             "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name} -mavx512f -mavx512dq -mavx512ifma -mavx512cd -mavx512bw -mavx512vl -mavx512vbmi -mavx512vbmi2 -mavx512vnni -mavx512bitalg"
           },
           {
-            "versions": "13.1:",
+            "versions": "12.3:",
             "name": "znver4",
             "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
           }

lib/spack/llnl/url.py

@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+"""URL primitives that just require Python standard library."""
+import itertools
+import os.path
+import re
+from typing import Optional, Set, Tuple
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit, urlunsplit
+
+# Archive extensions allowed in Spack
+PREFIX_EXTENSIONS = ("tar", "TAR")
+EXTENSIONS = ("gz", "bz2", "xz", "Z")
+NO_TAR_EXTENSIONS = ("zip", "tgz", "tbz2", "tbz", "txz")
+
+# Add PREFIX_EXTENSIONS and EXTENSIONS last so that .tar.gz is matched *before* .tar or .gz
+ALLOWED_ARCHIVE_TYPES = (
+    tuple(".".join(ext) for ext in itertools.product(PREFIX_EXTENSIONS, EXTENSIONS))
+    + PREFIX_EXTENSIONS
+    + EXTENSIONS
+    + NO_TAR_EXTENSIONS
+)
+CONTRACTION_MAP = {"tgz": "tar.gz", "txz": "tar.xz", "tbz": "tar.bz2", "tbz2": "tar.bz2"}
+
+
+def find_list_urls(url: str) -> Set[str]:
+    r"""Find good list URLs for the supplied URL.
+
+    By default, returns the dirname of the archive path.
+
+    Provides special treatment for the following websites, which have a
+    unique list URL different from the dirname of the download URL:
+
+    =========  =======================================================
+    GitHub     https://github.com/<repo>/<name>/releases
+    GitLab     https://gitlab.\*/<repo>/<name>/tags
+    BitBucket  https://bitbucket.org/<repo>/<name>/downloads/?tab=tags
+    CRAN       https://\*.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/<name>
+    PyPI       https://pypi.org/simple/<name>/
+    LuaRocks   https://luarocks.org/modules/<repo>/<name>
+    =========  =======================================================
+
+    Note: this function is called by `spack versions`, `spack checksum`,
+    and `spack create`, but not by `spack fetch` or `spack install`.
+
+    Parameters:
+        url (str): The download URL for the package
+
+    Returns:
+        set: One or more list URLs for the package
+    """
+
+    url_types = [
+        # GitHub
+        # e.g. https://github.com/llnl/callpath/archive/v1.0.1.tar.gz
+        (r"(.*github\.com/[^/]+/[^/]+)", lambda m: m.group(1) + "/releases"),
+        # GitLab API endpoint
+        # e.g. https://gitlab.dkrz.de/api/v4/projects/k202009%2Flibaec/repository/archive.tar.gz?sha=v1.0.2
+        (
+            r"(.*gitlab[^/]+)/api/v4/projects/([^/]+)%2F([^/]+)",
+            lambda m: m.group(1) + "/" + m.group(2) + "/" + m.group(3) + "/tags",
+        ),
+        # GitLab non-API endpoint
+        # e.g. https://gitlab.dkrz.de/k202009/libaec/uploads/631e85bcf877c2dcaca9b2e6d6526339/libaec-1.0.0.tar.gz
+        (r"(.*gitlab[^/]+/(?!api/v4/projects)[^/]+/[^/]+)", lambda m: m.group(1) + "/tags"),
+        # BitBucket
+        # e.g. https://bitbucket.org/eigen/eigen/get/3.3.3.tar.bz2
+        (r"(.*bitbucket.org/[^/]+/[^/]+)", lambda m: m.group(1) + "/downloads/?tab=tags"),
+        # CRAN
+        # e.g. https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Rcpp_0.12.9.tar.gz
+        # e.g. https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/rgl_0.98.1.tar.gz
+        (
+            r"(.*\.r-project\.org/src/contrib)/([^_]+)",
+            lambda m: m.group(1) + "/Archive/" + m.group(2),
+        ),
+        # PyPI
+        # e.g. https://pypi.io/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.19.4.zip
+        # e.g. https://www.pypi.io/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.19.4.zip
+        # e.g. https://pypi.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.19.4.zip
+        # e.g. https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.19.4.zip
+        # e.g. https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/source/n/numpy/numpy-1.19.4.zip
+        # e.g. https://pypi.io/packages/py2.py3/o/opencensus-context/opencensus_context-0.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
+        (
+            r"(?:pypi|pythonhosted)[^/]+/packages/[^/]+/./([^/]+)",
+            lambda m: "https://pypi.org/simple/" + m.group(1) + "/",
+        ),
+        # LuaRocks
+        # e.g. https://luarocks.org/manifests/gvvaughan/lpeg-1.0.2-1.src.rock
+        # e.g. https://luarocks.org/manifests/openresty/lua-cjson-2.1.0-1.src.rock
+        (
+            r"luarocks[^/]+/(?:modules|manifests)/(?P<org>[^/]+)/"
+            + r"(?P<name>.+?)-[0-9.-]*\.src\.rock",
+            lambda m: "https://luarocks.org/modules/"
+            + m.group("org")
+            + "/"
+            + m.group("name")
+            + "/",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    list_urls = {os.path.dirname(url)}
+
+    for pattern, fun in url_types:
+        match = re.search(pattern, url)
+        if match:
+            list_urls.add(fun(match))
+
+    return list_urls
+
+
+def strip_query_and_fragment(url: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+    """Strips query and fragment from a url, then returns the base url and the suffix.
+
+    Args:
+        url: URL to be stripped
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: when there is any error parsing the URL
+    """
+    components = urlsplit(url)
+    stripped = components[:3] + (None, None)
+
+    query, frag = components[3:5]
+    suffix = ""
+    if query:
+        suffix += "?" + query
+    if frag:
+        suffix += "#" + frag
+
+    return urlunsplit(stripped), suffix
+
+
+SOURCEFORGE_RE = re.compile(r"(.*(?:sourceforge\.net|sf\.net)/.*)(/download)$")
+
+
+def split_url_on_sourceforge_suffix(url: str) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    """If the input is a sourceforge URL, returns base URL and "/download" suffix. Otherwise,
+    returns the input URL and an empty string.
+    """
+    match = SOURCEFORGE_RE.search(url)
+    if match is not None:
+        return match.groups()
+    return url, ""
+
+
+def has_extension(path_or_url: str, ext: str) -> bool:
+    """Returns true if the extension in input is present in path, false otherwise."""
+    prefix, _ = split_url_on_sourceforge_suffix(path_or_url)
+    if not ext.startswith(r"\."):
+        ext = rf"\.{ext}$"
+
+    if re.search(ext, prefix):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
+def extension_from_path(path_or_url: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Tries to match an allowed archive extension to the input. Returns the first match,
+    or None if no match was found.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: if the input is None
+    """
+    if path_or_url is None:
+        raise ValueError("Can't call extension() on None")
+
+    for t in ALLOWED_ARCHIVE_TYPES:
+        if has_extension(path_or_url, t):
+            return t
+    return None
+
+
+def remove_extension(path_or_url: str, *, extension: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the input with the extension removed"""
+    suffix = rf"\.{extension}$"
+    return re.sub(suffix, "", path_or_url)
+
+
+def check_and_remove_ext(path: str, *, extension: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the input path with the extension removed, if the extension is present in path.
+    Otherwise, returns the input unchanged.
+    """
+    if not has_extension(path, extension):
+        return path
+    path, _ = split_url_on_sourceforge_suffix(path)
+    return remove_extension(path, extension=extension)
+
+
+def strip_extension(path_or_url: str, *, extension: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+    """If a path contains the extension in input, returns the path stripped of the extension.
+    Otherwise, returns the input path.
+
+    If extension is None, attempts to strip any allowed extension from path.
+    """
+    if extension is None:
+        for t in ALLOWED_ARCHIVE_TYPES:
+            if has_extension(path_or_url, ext=t):
+                extension = t
+                break
+        else:
+            return path_or_url
+
+    return check_and_remove_ext(path_or_url, extension=extension)
+
+
+def split_url_extension(url: str) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    """Some URLs have a query string, e.g.:
+
+    1. https://github.com/losalamos/CLAMR/blob/packages/PowerParser_v2.0.7.tgz?raw=true
+    2. http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/cassandra/1.2.0/apache-cassandra-1.2.0-rc2-bin.tar.gz
+    3. https://gitlab.kitware.com/vtk/vtk/repository/archive.tar.bz2?ref=v7.0.0
+
+    In (1), the query string needs to be stripped to get at the
+    extension, but in (2) & (3), the filename is IN a single final query
+    argument.
+
+    This strips the URL into three pieces: ``prefix``, ``ext``, and ``suffix``.
+    The suffix contains anything that was stripped off the URL to
+    get at the file extension.  In (1), it will be ``'?raw=true'``, but
+    in (2), it will be empty. In (3) the suffix is a parameter that follows
+    after the file extension, e.g.:
+
+    1. ``('https://github.com/losalamos/CLAMR/blob/packages/PowerParser_v2.0.7', '.tgz', '?raw=true')``
+    2. ``('http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/cassandra/1.2.0/apache-cassandra-1.2.0-rc2-bin', '.tar.gz', None)``
+    3. ``('https://gitlab.kitware.com/vtk/vtk/repository/archive', '.tar.bz2', '?ref=v7.0.0')``
+    """
+    # Strip off sourceforge download suffix.
+    # e.g. https://sourceforge.net/projects/glew/files/glew/2.0.0/glew-2.0.0.tgz/download
+    prefix, suffix = split_url_on_sourceforge_suffix(url)
+
+    ext = extension_from_path(prefix)
+    if ext is not None:
+        prefix = strip_extension(prefix)
+        return prefix, ext, suffix
+
+    try:
+        prefix, suf = strip_query_and_fragment(prefix)
+    except ValueError:
+        # FIXME: tty.debug("Got error parsing path %s" % path)
+        # Ignore URL parse errors here
+        return url, ""
+
+    ext = extension_from_path(prefix)
+    prefix = strip_extension(prefix)
+    suffix = suf + suffix
+    if ext is None:
+        ext = ""
+
+    return prefix, ext, suffix
+
+
+def strip_version_suffixes(path_or_url: str) -> str:
+    """Some tarballs contain extraneous information after the version:
+
+    * ``bowtie2-2.2.5-source``
+    * ``libevent-2.0.21-stable``
+    * ``cuda_8.0.44_linux.run``
+
+    These strings are not part of the version number and should be ignored.
+    This function strips those suffixes off and returns the remaining string.
+    The goal is that the version is always the last thing in ``path``:
+
+    * ``bowtie2-2.2.5``
+    * ``libevent-2.0.21``
+    * ``cuda_8.0.44``
+
+    Args:
+        path_or_url: The filename or URL for the package
+
+    Returns:
+        The ``path`` with any extraneous suffixes removed
+    """
+    # NOTE: This could be done with complicated regexes in parse_version_offset
+    # NOTE: The problem is that we would have to add these regexes to the end
+    # NOTE: of every single version regex. Easier to just strip them off
+    # NOTE: permanently
+
+    suffix_regexes = [
+        # Download type
+        r"[Ii]nstall",
+        r"all",
+        r"code",
+        r"[Ss]ources?",
+        r"file",
+        r"full",
+        r"single",
+        r"with[a-zA-Z_-]+",
+        r"rock",
+        r"src(_0)?",
+        r"public",
+        r"bin",
+        r"binary",
+        r"run",
+        r"[Uu]niversal",
+        r"jar",
+        r"complete",
+        r"dynamic",
+        r"oss",
+        r"gem",
+        r"tar",
+        r"sh",
+        # Download version
+        r"release",
+        r"bin",
+        r"stable",
+        r"[Ff]inal",
+        r"rel",
+        r"orig",
+        r"dist",
+        r"\+",
+        # License
+        r"gpl",
+        # Arch
+        # Needs to come before and after OS, appears in both orders
+        r"ia32",
+        r"intel",
+        r"amd64",
+        r"linux64",
+        r"x64",
+        r"64bit",
+        r"x86[_-]64",
+        r"i586_64",
+        r"x86",
+        r"i[36]86",
+        r"ppc64(le)?",
+        r"armv?(7l|6l|64)",
+        # Other
+        r"cpp",
+        r"gtk",
+        r"incubating",
+        # OS
+        r"[Ll]inux(_64)?",
+        r"LINUX",
+        r"[Uu]ni?x",
+        r"[Ss]un[Oo][Ss]",
+        r"[Mm]ac[Oo][Ss][Xx]?",
+        r"[Oo][Ss][Xx]",
+        r"[Dd]arwin(64)?",
+        r"[Aa]pple",
+        r"[Ww]indows",
+        r"[Ww]in(64|32)?",
+        r"[Cc]ygwin(64|32)?",
+        r"[Mm]ingw",
+        r"centos",
+        # Arch
+        # Needs to come before and after OS, appears in both orders
+        r"ia32",
+        r"intel",
+        r"amd64",
+        r"linux64",
+        r"x64",
+        r"64bit",
+        r"x86[_-]64",
+        r"i586_64",
+        r"x86",
+        r"i[36]86",
+        r"ppc64(le)?",
+        r"armv?(7l|6l|64)?",
+        # PyPI
+        r"[._-]py[23].*\.whl",
+        r"[._-]cp[23].*\.whl",
+        r"[._-]win.*\.exe",
+    ]
+
+    for regex in suffix_regexes:
+        # Remove the suffix from the end of the path
+        # This may be done multiple times
+        path_or_url = re.sub(r"[._-]?" + regex + "$", "", path_or_url)
+
+    return path_or_url
+
+
+def expand_contracted_extension(extension: str) -> str:
+    """Returns the expanded version of a known contracted extension.
+
+    This function maps extensions like ".tgz" to ".tar.gz". On unknown extensions,
+    return the input unmodified.
+    """
+    extension = extension.strip(".")
+    return CONTRACTION_MAP.get(extension, extension)
+
+
+def expand_contracted_extension_in_path(
+    path_or_url: str, *, extension: Optional[str] = None
+) -> str:
+    """Returns the input path or URL with any contraction extension expanded.
+
+    Args:
+        path_or_url: path or URL to be expanded
+        extension: if specified, only attempt to expand that extension
+    """
+    extension = extension or extension_from_path(path_or_url)
+    if extension is None:
+        return path_or_url
+
+    expanded = expand_contracted_extension(extension)
+    if expanded != extension:
+        return re.sub(rf"{extension}", rf"{expanded}", path_or_url)
+    return path_or_url
+
+
+def compression_ext_from_compressed_archive(extension: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Returns compression extension for a compressed archive"""
+    extension = expand_contracted_extension(extension)
+    for ext in [*EXTENSIONS]:
+        if ext in extension:
+            return ext
+    return None
+
+
+def strip_compression_extension(path_or_url: str, ext: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+    """Strips the compression extension from the input, and returns it. For instance,
+    "foo.tgz" becomes "foo.tar".
+
+    If no extension is given, try a default list of extensions.
+
+    Args:
+        path_or_url: input to be stripped
+        ext: if given, extension to be stripped
+    """
+    if not extension_from_path(path_or_url):
+        return path_or_url
+
+    expanded_path = expand_contracted_extension_in_path(path_or_url)
+    candidates = [ext] if ext is not None else EXTENSIONS
+    for current_extension in candidates:
+        modified_path = check_and_remove_ext(expanded_path, extension=current_extension)
+        if modified_path != expanded_path:
+            return modified_path
+    return expanded_path
+
+
+def allowed_archive(path_or_url: str) -> bool:
+    """Returns true if the input is a valid archive, False otherwise."""
+    return (
+        False if not path_or_url else any(path_or_url.endswith(t) for t in ALLOWED_ARCHIVE_TYPES)
+    )
+
+
+def determine_url_file_extension(path: str) -> str:
+    """This returns the type of archive a URL refers to.  This is
+    sometimes confusing because of URLs like:
+
+    (1) https://github.com/petdance/ack/tarball/1.93_02
+
+    Where the URL doesn't actually contain the filename.  We need
+    to know what type it is so that we can appropriately name files
+    in mirrors.
+    """
+    match = re.search(r"github.com/.+/(zip|tar)ball/", path)
+    if match:
+        if match.group(1) == "zip":
+            return "zip"
+        elif match.group(1) == "tar":
+            return "tar.gz"
+
+    prefix, ext, suffix = split_url_extension(path)
+    return ext

lib/spack/llnl/util/filesystem.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import itertools
 import numbers
 import os
+import pathlib
 import posixpath
 import re
 import shutil
@@ -18,11 +19,13 @@
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from itertools import accumulate
 from typing import Callable, Iterable, List, Match, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
+import llnl.util.symlink
 from llnl.util import tty
 from llnl.util.lang import dedupe, memoized
-from llnl.util.symlink import islink, symlink
+from llnl.util.symlink import islink, readlink, resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link, symlink
 
 from spack.util.executable import Executable, which
 from spack.util.path import path_to_os_path, system_path_filter
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@ def _nop(args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
             pass
 
         # follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)
-        follow = follow_symlinks or not (os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst))
+        follow = follow_symlinks or not (islink(src) and islink(dst))
         if follow:
             # use the real function if it exists
             def lookup(name):
@@ -169,7 +172,7 @@ def rename(src, dst):
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         # Windows path existence checks will sometimes fail on junctions/links/symlinks
         # so check for that case
-        if os.path.exists(dst) or os.path.islink(dst):
+        if os.path.exists(dst) or islink(dst):
             os.remove(dst)
     os.rename(src, dst)
 
@@ -566,7 +569,7 @@ def set_install_permissions(path):
     # If this points to a file maintained in a Spack prefix, it is assumed that
     # this function will be invoked on the target. If the file is outside a
     # Spack-maintained prefix, the permissions should not be modified.
-    if os.path.islink(path):
+    if islink(path):
         return
     if os.path.isdir(path):
         os.chmod(path, 0o755)
@@ -635,7 +638,7 @@ def chmod_x(entry, perms):
 @system_path_filter
 def copy_mode(src, dest):
     """Set the mode of dest to that of src unless it is a link."""
-    if os.path.islink(dest):
+    if islink(dest):
         return
     src_mode = os.stat(src).st_mode
     dest_mode = os.stat(dest).st_mode
@@ -721,26 +724,12 @@ def install(src, dest):
     copy(src, dest, _permissions=True)
 
 
-@system_path_filter
-def resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link(link):
-    """
-    os.path.isdir uses os.path.exists, which for links will check
-    the existence of the link target. If the link target is relative to
-    the link, we need to construct a pathname that is valid from
-    our cwd (which may not be the same as the link's directory)
-    """
-    target = os.readlink(link)
-    if os.path.isabs(target):
-        return target
-    link_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(link))
-    return os.path.join(link_dir, target)
-
-
 @system_path_filter
 def copy_tree(
     src: str,
     dest: str,
     symlinks: bool = True,
+    allow_broken_symlinks: bool = sys.platform != "win32",
     ignore: Optional[Callable[[str], bool]] = None,
     _permissions: bool = False,
 ):
@@ -763,6 +752,8 @@ def copy_tree(
         src (str): the directory to copy
         dest (str): the destination directory
         symlinks (bool): whether or not to preserve symlinks
+        allow_broken_symlinks (bool): whether or not to allow broken (dangling) symlinks,
+            On Windows, setting this to True will raise an exception. Defaults to true on unix.
         ignore (typing.Callable): function indicating which files to ignore
         _permissions (bool): for internal use only
 
@@ -770,6 +761,8 @@ def copy_tree(
         IOError: if *src* does not match any files or directories
         ValueError: if *src* is a parent directory of *dest*
     """
+    if allow_broken_symlinks and sys.platform == "win32":
+        raise llnl.util.symlink.SymlinkError("Cannot allow broken symlinks on Windows!")
     if _permissions:
         tty.debug("Installing {0} to {1}".format(src, dest))
     else:
@@ -783,6 +776,11 @@ def copy_tree(
     if not files:
         raise IOError("No such file or directory: '{0}'".format(src))
 
+    # For Windows hard-links and junctions, the source path must exist to make a symlink. Add
+    # all symlinks to this list while traversing the tree, then when finished, make all
+    # symlinks at the end.
+    links = []
+
     for src in files:
         abs_src = os.path.abspath(src)
         if not abs_src.endswith(os.path.sep):
@@ -805,7 +803,7 @@ def copy_tree(
             ignore=ignore,
             follow_nonexisting=True,
         ):
-            if os.path.islink(s):
+            if islink(s):
                 link_target = resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link(s)
                 if symlinks:
                     target = os.readlink(s)
@@ -819,7 +817,9 @@ def escaped_path(path):
                             tty.debug("Redirecting link {0} to {1}".format(target, new_target))
                             target = new_target
 
-                    symlink(target, d)
+                    links.append((target, d, s))
+                    continue
+
                 elif os.path.isdir(link_target):
                     mkdirp(d)
                 else:
@@ -834,9 +834,17 @@ def escaped_path(path):
                 set_install_permissions(d)
                 copy_mode(s, d)
 
+    for target, d, s in links:
+        symlink(target, d, allow_broken_symlinks=allow_broken_symlinks)
+        if _permissions:
+            set_install_permissions(d)
+            copy_mode(s, d)
+
 
 @system_path_filter
-def install_tree(src, dest, symlinks=True, ignore=None):
+def install_tree(
+    src, dest, symlinks=True, ignore=None, allow_broken_symlinks=sys.platform != "win32"
+):
     """Recursively install an entire directory tree rooted at *src*.
 
     Same as :py:func:`copy_tree` with the addition of setting proper
@@ -847,12 +855,21 @@ def install_tree(src, dest, symlinks=True, ignore=None):
         dest (str): the destination directory
         symlinks (bool): whether or not to preserve symlinks
         ignore (typing.Callable): function indicating which files to ignore
+        allow_broken_symlinks (bool): whether or not to allow broken (dangling) symlinks,
+            On Windows, setting this to True will raise an exception.
 
     Raises:
         IOError: if *src* does not match any files or directories
         ValueError: if *src* is a parent directory of *dest*
     """
-    copy_tree(src, dest, symlinks=symlinks, ignore=ignore, _permissions=True)
+    copy_tree(
+        src,
+        dest,
+        symlinks=symlinks,
+        allow_broken_symlinks=allow_broken_symlinks,
+        ignore=ignore,
+        _permissions=True,
+    )
 
 
 @system_path_filter
@@ -1256,7 +1273,12 @@ def traverse_tree(
     Keyword Arguments:
         order (str): Whether to do pre- or post-order traversal. Accepted
             values are 'pre' and 'post'
-        ignore (typing.Callable): function indicating which files to ignore
+        ignore (typing.Callable): function indicating which files to ignore. This will also
+            ignore symlinks if they point to an ignored file (regardless of whether the symlink
+            is explicitly ignored); note this only supports one layer of indirection (i.e. if
+            you have x -> y -> z, and z is ignored but x/y are not, then y would be ignored
+            but not x). To avoid this, make sure the ignore function also ignores the symlink
+            paths too.
         follow_nonexisting (bool): Whether to descend into directories in
             ``src`` that do not exit in ``dest``. Default is True
         follow_links (bool): Whether to descend into symlinks in ``src``
@@ -1283,11 +1305,24 @@ def traverse_tree(
         dest_child = os.path.join(dest_path, f)
         rel_child = os.path.join(rel_path, f)
 
+        # If the source path is a link and the link's source is ignored, then ignore the link too,
+        # but only do this if the ignore is defined.
+        if ignore is not None:
+            if islink(source_child) and not follow_links:
+                target = readlink(source_child)
+                all_parents = accumulate(target.split(os.sep), lambda x, y: os.path.join(x, y))
+                if any(map(ignore, all_parents)):
+                    tty.warn(
+                        f"Skipping {source_path} because the source or a part of the source's "
+                        f"path is included in the ignores."
+                    )
+                    continue
+
         # Treat as a directory
         # TODO: for symlinks, os.path.isdir looks for the link target. If the
         # target is relative to the link, then that may not resolve properly
         # relative to our cwd - see resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link
-        if os.path.isdir(source_child) and (follow_links or not os.path.islink(source_child)):
+        if os.path.isdir(source_child) and (follow_links or not islink(source_child)):
             # When follow_nonexisting isn't set, don't descend into dirs
             # in source that do not exist in dest
             if follow_nonexisting or os.path.exists(dest_child):
@@ -1313,7 +1348,11 @@ def traverse_tree(
 
 def lexists_islink_isdir(path):
     """Computes the tuple (lexists(path), islink(path), isdir(path)) in a minimal
-    number of stat calls."""
+    number of stat calls on unix. Use os.path and symlink.islink methods for windows."""
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        if not os.path.lexists(path):
+            return False, False, False
+        return os.path.lexists(path), islink(path), os.path.isdir(path)
     # First try to lstat, so we know if it's a link or not.
     try:
         lst = os.lstat(path)
@@ -1528,7 +1567,7 @@ def remove_if_dead_link(path):
     Parameters:
         path (str): The potential dead link
     """
-    if os.path.islink(path) and not os.path.exists(path):
+    if islink(path) and not os.path.exists(path):
         os.unlink(path)
 
 
@@ -1587,7 +1626,7 @@ def remove_linked_tree(path):
         kwargs["onerror"] = readonly_file_handler(ignore_errors=True)
 
     if os.path.exists(path):
-        if os.path.islink(path):
+        if islink(path):
             shutil.rmtree(os.path.realpath(path), **kwargs)
             os.unlink(path)
         else:
@@ -2388,7 +2427,7 @@ def library_dependents(self):
         """
         Set of directories where package binaries/libraries are located.
         """
-        return set([self.pkg.prefix.bin]) | self._additional_library_dependents
+        return set([pathlib.Path(self.pkg.prefix.bin)]) | self._additional_library_dependents
 
     def add_library_dependent(self, *dest):
         """
@@ -2401,9 +2440,9 @@ def add_library_dependent(self, *dest):
         """
         for pth in dest:
             if os.path.isfile(pth):
-                self._additional_library_dependents.add(os.path.dirname)
+                self._additional_library_dependents.add(pathlib.Path(pth).parent)
             else:
-                self._additional_library_dependents.add(pth)
+                self._additional_library_dependents.add(pathlib.Path(pth))
 
     @property
     def rpaths(self):
@@ -2416,7 +2455,7 @@ def rpaths(self):
             dependent_libs.extend(list(find_all_shared_libraries(path, recursive=True)))
         for extra_path in self._addl_rpaths:
             dependent_libs.extend(list(find_all_shared_libraries(extra_path, recursive=True)))
-        return set(dependent_libs)
+        return set([pathlib.Path(x) for x in dependent_libs])
 
     def add_rpath(self, *paths):
         """
@@ -2432,7 +2471,7 @@ def add_rpath(self, *paths):
         """
         self._addl_rpaths = self._addl_rpaths | set(paths)
 
-    def _link(self, path, dest_dir):
+    def _link(self, path: pathlib.Path, dest_dir: pathlib.Path):
         """Perform link step of simulated rpathing, installing
         simlinks of file in path to the dest_dir
         location. This method deliberately prevents
@@ -2440,27 +2479,35 @@ def _link(self, path, dest_dir):
         This is because it is both meaningless from an rpath
         perspective, and will cause an error when Developer
         mode is not enabled"""
-        file_name = os.path.basename(path)
-        dest_file = os.path.join(dest_dir, file_name)
-        if os.path.exists(dest_dir) and not dest_file == path:
+
+        def report_already_linked():
+            # We have either already symlinked or we are encoutering a naming clash
+            # either way, we don't want to overwrite existing libraries
+            already_linked = islink(str(dest_file))
+            tty.debug(
+                "Linking library %s to %s failed, " % (str(path), str(dest_file))
+                + "already linked."
+                if already_linked
+                else "library with name %s already exists at location %s."
+                % (str(file_name), str(dest_dir))
+            )
+
+        file_name = path.name
+        dest_file = dest_dir / file_name
+        if not dest_file.exists() and dest_dir.exists() and not dest_file == path:
             try:
-                symlink(path, dest_file)
+                symlink(str(path), str(dest_file))
             # For py2 compatibility, we have to catch the specific Windows error code
             # associate with trying to create a file that already exists (winerror 183)
+            # Catch OSErrors missed by the SymlinkError checks
             except OSError as e:
                 if sys.platform == "win32" and (e.winerror == 183 or e.errno == errno.EEXIST):
-                    # We have either already symlinked or we are encoutering a naming clash
-                    # either way, we don't want to overwrite existing libraries
-                    already_linked = islink(dest_file)
-                    tty.debug(
-                        "Linking library %s to %s failed, " % (path, dest_file) + "already linked."
-                        if already_linked
-                        else "library with name %s already exists at location %s."
-                        % (file_name, dest_dir)
-                    )
-                    pass
+                    report_already_linked()
                 else:
                     raise e
+            # catch errors we raise ourselves from Spack
+            except llnl.util.symlink.AlreadyExistsError:
+                report_already_linked()
 
     def establish_link(self):
         """
@@ -2693,7 +2740,7 @@ def remove_directory_contents(dir):
     """Remove all contents of a directory."""
     if os.path.exists(dir):
         for entry in [os.path.join(dir, entry) for entry in os.listdir(dir)]:
-            if os.path.isfile(entry) or os.path.islink(entry):
+            if os.path.isfile(entry) or islink(entry):
                 os.unlink(entry)
             else:
                 shutil.rmtree(entry)

lib/spack/llnl/util/symlink.py

@@ -2,77 +2,190 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-import errno
 import os
+import re
 import shutil
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from os.path import exists, join
 
-from llnl.util import lang
+from llnl.util import lang, tty
+
+from spack.error import SpackError
+from spack.util.path import system_path_filter
 
 if sys.platform == "win32":
     from win32file import CreateHardLink
 
+is_windows = sys.platform == "win32"
 
-def symlink(real_path, link_path):
-    """
-    Create a symbolic link.
 
-    On Windows, use junctions if os.symlink fails.
+def symlink(source_path: str, link_path: str, allow_broken_symlinks: bool = not is_windows):
     """
-    if sys.platform != "win32":
-        os.symlink(real_path, link_path)
-    elif _win32_can_symlink():
-        # Windows requires target_is_directory=True when the target is a dir.
-        os.symlink(real_path, link_path, target_is_directory=os.path.isdir(real_path))
-    else:
-        try:
-            # Try to use junctions
-            _win32_junction(real_path, link_path)
-        except OSError as e:
-            if e.errno == errno.EEXIST:
-                # EEXIST error indicates that file we're trying to "link"
-                # is already present, don't bother trying to copy which will also fail
-                # just raise
-                raise
+    Create a link.
+
+    On non-Windows and Windows with System Administrator
+    privleges this will be a normal symbolic link via
+    os.symlink.
+
+    On Windows without privledges the link will be a
+    junction for a directory and a hardlink for a file.
+    On Windows the various link types are:
+
+    Symbolic Link: A link to a file or directory on the
+    same or different volume (drive letter) or even to
+    a remote file or directory (using UNC in its path).
+    Need System Administrator privileges to make these.
+
+    Hard Link: A link to a file on the same volume (drive
+    letter) only. Every file (file's data) has at least 1
+    hard link (file's name). But when this method creates
+    a new hard link there will be 2. Deleting all hard
+    links effectively deletes the file. Don't need System
+    Administrator privileges.
+
+    Junction: A link to a directory on the same or different
+    volume (drive letter) but not to a remote directory. Don't
+    need System Administrator privileges.
+
+    Parameters:
+        source_path (str): The real file or directory that the link points to.
+            Must be absolute OR relative to the link.
+        link_path (str): The path where the link will exist.
+        allow_broken_symlinks (bool): On Linux or Mac, don't raise an exception if the source_path
+            doesn't exist. This will still raise an exception on Windows.
+    """
+    source_path = os.path.normpath(source_path)
+    win_source_path = source_path
+    link_path = os.path.normpath(link_path)
+
+    # Never allow broken links on Windows.
+    if sys.platform == "win32" and allow_broken_symlinks:
+        raise ValueError("allow_broken_symlinks parameter cannot be True on Windows.")
+
+    if not allow_broken_symlinks:
+        # Perform basic checks to make sure symlinking will succeed
+        if os.path.lexists(link_path):
+            raise AlreadyExistsError(
+                f"Link path ({link_path}) already exists. Cannot create link."
+            )
+
+        if not os.path.exists(source_path):
+            if os.path.isabs(source_path) and not allow_broken_symlinks:
+                # An absolute source path that does not exist will result in a broken link.
+                raise SymlinkError(
+                    f"Source path ({source_path}) is absolute but does not exist. Resulting "
+                    f"link would be broken so not making link."
+                )
             else:
-                # If all else fails, fall back to copying files
-                shutil.copyfile(real_path, link_path)
+                # os.symlink can create a link when the given source path is relative to
+                # the link path. Emulate this behavior and check to see if the source exists
+                # relative to the link path ahead of link creation to prevent broken
+                # links from being made.
+                link_parent_dir = os.path.dirname(link_path)
+                relative_path = os.path.join(link_parent_dir, source_path)
+                if os.path.exists(relative_path):
+                    # In order to work on windows, the source path needs to be modified to be
+                    # relative because hardlink/junction dont resolve relative paths the same
+                    # way as os.symlink. This is ignored on other operating systems.
+                    win_source_path = relative_path
+                elif not allow_broken_symlinks:
+                    raise SymlinkError(
+                        f"The source path ({source_path}) is not relative to the link path "
+                        f"({link_path}). Resulting link would be broken so not making link."
+                    )
+
+    # Create the symlink
+    if sys.platform == "win32" and not _windows_can_symlink():
+        _windows_create_link(win_source_path, link_path)
+    else:
+        os.symlink(source_path, link_path, target_is_directory=os.path.isdir(source_path))
 
 
-def islink(path):
-    return os.path.islink(path) or _win32_is_junction(path)
+def islink(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Override os.islink to give correct answer for spack logic.
+
+    For Non-Windows: a link can be determined with the os.path.islink method.
+    Windows-only methods will return false for other operating systems.
+
+    For Windows: spack considers symlinks, hard links, and junctions to
+    all be links, so if any of those are True, return True.
+
+    Args:
+        path (str): path to check if it is a link.
+
+    Returns:
+         bool - whether the path is any kind link or not.
+    """
+    return any([os.path.islink(path), _windows_is_junction(path), _windows_is_hardlink(path)])
 
 
-# '_win32' functions based on
-# https://github.com/Erotemic/ubelt/blob/master/ubelt/util_links.py
-def _win32_junction(path, link):
-    # junctions require absolute paths
-    if not os.path.isabs(link):
-        link = os.path.abspath(link)
+def _windows_is_hardlink(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Determines if a path is a windows hard link. This is accomplished
+    by looking at the number of links using os.stat. A non-hard-linked file
+    will have a st_nlink value of 1, whereas a hard link will have a value
+    larger than 1. Note that both the original and hard-linked file will
+    return True because they share the same inode.
 
-    # os.symlink will fail if link exists, emulate the behavior here
-    if exists(link):
-        raise OSError(errno.EEXIST, "File  exists: %s -> %s" % (link, path))
+    Args:
+        path (str): Windows path to check for a hard link
 
-    if not os.path.isabs(path):
-        parent = os.path.join(link, os.pardir)
-        path = os.path.join(parent, path)
-        path = os.path.abspath(path)
+    Returns:
+         bool - Whether the path is a hard link or not.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32" or os.path.islink(path) or not os.path.exists(path):
+        return False
 
-    CreateHardLink(link, path)
+    return os.stat(path).st_nlink > 1
+
+
+def _windows_is_junction(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Determines if a path is a windows junction. A junction can be
+    determined using a bitwise AND operation between the file's
+    attribute bitmask and the known junction bitmask (0x400).
+
+    Args:
+        path (str): A non-file path
+
+    Returns:
+        bool - whether the path is a junction or not.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32" or os.path.islink(path) or os.path.isfile(path):
+        return False
+
+    import ctypes.wintypes
+
+    get_file_attributes = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetFileAttributesW  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    get_file_attributes.argtypes = (ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR,)
+    get_file_attributes.restype = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD
+
+    invalid_file_attributes = 0xFFFFFFFF
+    reparse_point = 0x400
+    file_attr = get_file_attributes(str(path))
+
+    if file_attr == invalid_file_attributes:
+        return False
+
+    return file_attr & reparse_point > 0
 
 
 @lang.memoized
-def _win32_can_symlink():
+def _windows_can_symlink() -> bool:
+    """
+    Determines if windows is able to make a symlink depending on
+    the system configuration and the level of the user's permissions.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        tty.warn("windows_can_symlink method can't be used on non-Windows OS.")
+        return False
+
     tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
 
-    dpath = join(tempdir, "dpath")
-    fpath = join(tempdir, "fpath.txt")
+    dpath = os.path.join(tempdir, "dpath")
+    fpath = os.path.join(tempdir, "fpath.txt")
 
-    dlink = join(tempdir, "dlink")
-    flink = join(tempdir, "flink.txt")
+    dlink = os.path.join(tempdir, "dlink")
+    flink = os.path.join(tempdir, "flink.txt")
 
     import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 
@@ -96,24 +209,140 @@ def _win32_can_symlink():
     return can_symlink_directories and can_symlink_files
 
 
-def _win32_is_junction(path):
+def _windows_create_link(source: str, link: str):
     """
-    Determines if a path is a win32 junction
+    Attempts to create a Hard Link or Junction as an alternative
+    to a symbolic link. This is called when symbolic links cannot
+    be created.
     """
-    if os.path.islink(path):
-        return False
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        raise SymlinkError("windows_create_link method can't be used on non-Windows OS.")
+    elif os.path.isdir(source):
+        _windows_create_junction(source=source, link=link)
+    elif os.path.isfile(source):
+        _windows_create_hard_link(path=source, link=link)
+    else:
+        raise SymlinkError(
+            f"Cannot create link from {source}. It is neither a file nor a directory."
+        )
 
-    if sys.platform == "win32":
-        import ctypes.wintypes
 
-        GetFileAttributes = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetFileAttributesW
-        GetFileAttributes.argtypes = (ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR,)
-        GetFileAttributes.restype = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD
+def _windows_create_junction(source: str, link: str):
+    """Duly verify that the path and link are eligible to create a junction,
+    then create the junction.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        raise SymlinkError("windows_create_junction method can't be used on non-Windows OS.")
+    elif not os.path.exists(source):
+        raise SymlinkError("Source path does not exist, cannot create a junction.")
+    elif os.path.lexists(link):
+        raise AlreadyExistsError("Link path already exists, cannot create a junction.")
+    elif not os.path.isdir(source):
+        raise SymlinkError("Source path is not a directory, cannot create a junction.")
 
-        INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES = 0xFFFFFFFF
-        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT = 0x400
+    import subprocess
 
-        res = GetFileAttributes(path)
-        return res != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES and bool(res & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT)
+    cmd = ["cmd", "/C", "mklink", "/J", link, source]
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    out, err = proc.communicate()
+    tty.debug(out.decode())
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        err = err.decode()
+        tty.error(err)
+        raise SymlinkError("Make junction command returned a non-zero return code.", err)
 
-    return False
+
+def _windows_create_hard_link(path: str, link: str):
+    """Duly verify that the path and link are eligible to create a hard
+    link, then create the hard link.
+    """
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        raise SymlinkError("windows_create_hard_link method can't be used on non-Windows OS.")
+    elif not os.path.exists(path):
+        raise SymlinkError(f"File path {path} does not exist. Cannot create hard link.")
+    elif os.path.lexists(link):
+        raise AlreadyExistsError(f"Link path ({link}) already exists. Cannot create hard link.")
+    elif not os.path.isfile(path):
+        raise SymlinkError(f"File path ({link}) is not a file. Cannot create hard link.")
+    else:
+        tty.debug(f"Creating hard link {link} pointing to {path}")
+        CreateHardLink(link, path)
+
+
+def readlink(path: str):
+    """Spack utility to override of os.readlink method to work cross platform"""
+    if _windows_is_hardlink(path):
+        return _windows_read_hard_link(path)
+    elif _windows_is_junction(path):
+        return _windows_read_junction(path)
+    else:
+        return os.readlink(path)
+
+
+def _windows_read_hard_link(link: str) -> str:
+    """Find all of the files that point to the same inode as the link"""
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        raise SymlinkError("Can't read hard link on non-Windows OS.")
+    link = os.path.abspath(link)
+    fsutil_cmd = ["fsutil", "hardlink", "list", link]
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(fsutil_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
+    out, err = proc.communicate()
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        raise SymlinkError(f"An error occurred while reading hard link: {err.decode()}")
+
+    # fsutil response does not include the drive name, so append it back to each linked file.
+    drive, link_tail = os.path.splitdrive(os.path.abspath(link))
+    links = set([os.path.join(drive, p) for p in out.decode().splitlines()])
+    links.remove(link)
+    if len(links) == 1:
+        return links.pop()
+    elif len(links) > 1:
+        # TODO: How best to handle the case where 3 or more paths point to a single inode?
+        raise SymlinkError(f"Found multiple paths pointing to the same inode {links}")
+    else:
+        raise SymlinkError("Cannot determine hard link source path.")
+
+
+def _windows_read_junction(link: str):
+    """Find the path that a junction points to."""
+    if sys.platform != "win32":
+        raise SymlinkError("Can't read junction on non-Windows OS.")
+
+    link = os.path.abspath(link)
+    link_basename = os.path.basename(link)
+    link_parent = os.path.dirname(link)
+    fsutil_cmd = ["dir", "/a:l", link_parent]
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(fsutil_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
+    out, err = proc.communicate()
+    if proc.returncode != 0:
+        raise SymlinkError(f"An error occurred while reading junction: {err.decode()}")
+    matches = re.search(rf"<JUNCTION>\s+{link_basename} \[(.*)]", out.decode())
+    if matches:
+        return matches.group(1)
+    else:
+        raise SymlinkError("Could not find junction path.")
+
+
+@system_path_filter
+def resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link(link):
+    """
+    os.path.isdir uses os.path.exists, which for links will check
+    the existence of the link target. If the link target is relative to
+    the link, we need to construct a pathname that is valid from
+    our cwd (which may not be the same as the link's directory)
+    """
+    target = readlink(link)
+    if os.path.isabs(target):
+        return target
+    link_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(link))
+    return os.path.join(link_dir, target)
+
+
+class SymlinkError(SpackError):
+    """Exception class for errors raised while creating symlinks,
+    junctions and hard links
+    """
+
+
+class AlreadyExistsError(SymlinkError):
+    """Link path already exists."""

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import io
 import itertools
 import json
-import multiprocessing.pool
 import os
 import re
 import shutil
@@ -49,6 +48,7 @@
 import spack.util.gpg
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
+import spack.util.timer as timer
 import spack.util.url as url_util
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 from spack.caches import misc_cache_location
@@ -876,32 +876,18 @@ def _read_specs_and_push_index(file_list, read_method, cache_prefix, db, temp_di
         db: A spack database used for adding specs and then writing the index.
         temp_dir (str): Location to write index.json and hash for pushing
         concurrency (int): Number of parallel processes to use when fetching
-
-    Return:
-        None
     """
+    for file in file_list:
+        contents = read_method(file)
+        # Need full spec.json name or this gets confused with index.json.
+        if file.endswith(".json.sig"):
+            specfile_json = Spec.extract_json_from_clearsig(contents)
+            fetched_spec = Spec.from_dict(specfile_json)
+        elif file.endswith(".json"):
+            fetched_spec = Spec.from_json(contents)
+        else:
+            continue
 
-    def _fetch_spec_from_mirror(spec_url):
-        spec_file_contents = read_method(spec_url)
-
-        if spec_file_contents:
-            # Need full spec.json name or this gets confused with index.json.
-            if spec_url.endswith(".json.sig"):
-                specfile_json = Spec.extract_json_from_clearsig(spec_file_contents)
-                return Spec.from_dict(specfile_json)
-            if spec_url.endswith(".json"):
-                return Spec.from_json(spec_file_contents)
-
-    tp = multiprocessing.pool.ThreadPool(processes=concurrency)
-    try:
-        fetched_specs = tp.map(
-            llnl.util.lang.star(_fetch_spec_from_mirror), [(f,) for f in file_list]
-        )
-    finally:
-        tp.terminate()
-        tp.join()
-
-    for fetched_spec in fetched_specs:
         db.add(fetched_spec, None)
         db.mark(fetched_spec, "in_buildcache", True)
 
@@ -1813,10 +1799,11 @@ def _tar_strip_component(tar: tarfile.TarFile, prefix: str):
                 m.linkname = m.linkname[result.end() :]
 
 
-def extract_tarball(spec, download_result, unsigned=False, force=False):
+def extract_tarball(spec, download_result, unsigned=False, force=False, timer=timer.NULL_TIMER):
     """
     extract binary tarball for given package into install area
     """
+    timer.start("extract")
     if os.path.exists(spec.prefix):
         if force:
             shutil.rmtree(spec.prefix)
@@ -1896,7 +1883,9 @@ def extract_tarball(spec, download_result, unsigned=False, force=False):
 
     os.remove(tarfile_path)
     os.remove(specfile_path)
+    timer.stop("extract")
 
+    timer.start("relocate")
     try:
         relocate_package(spec)
     except Exception as e:
@@ -1917,6 +1906,7 @@ def extract_tarball(spec, download_result, unsigned=False, force=False):
         if os.path.exists(filename):
             os.remove(filename)
         _delete_staged_downloads(download_result)
+    timer.stop("relocate")
 
 
 def _ensure_common_prefix(tar: tarfile.TarFile) -> str:

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/core.py

@@ -476,16 +476,16 @@ def ensure_executables_in_path_or_raise(
 def _add_externals_if_missing() -> None:
     search_list = [
         # clingo
-        spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("cmake"),
-        spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("bison"),
+        "cmake",
+        "bison",
         # GnuPG
-        spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("gawk"),
+        "gawk",
         # develop deps
-        spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("git"),
+        "git",
     ]
     if IS_WINDOWS:
-        search_list.append(spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("winbison"))
-    externals = spack.detection.by_executable(search_list)
+        search_list.append("winbison")
+    externals = spack.detection.by_path(search_list)
     # System git is typically deprecated, so mark as non-buildable to force it as external
     non_buildable_externals = {k: externals.pop(k) for k in ("git",) if k in externals}
     spack.detection.update_configuration(externals, scope="bootstrap", buildable=True)

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/environment.py

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 
 from llnl.util import tty
 
-import spack.build_environment
 import spack.environment
 import spack.tengine
+import spack.util.cpus
 import spack.util.executable
 from spack.environment import depfile
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def _install_with_depfile(self) -> None:
             "-C",
             str(self.environment_root()),
             "-j",
-            str(spack.build_environment.determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=True)),
+            str(spack.util.cpus.determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=True)),
             **kwargs,
         )
 

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 from spack.error import NoHeadersError, NoLibrariesError
 from spack.install_test import spack_install_test_log
 from spack.installer import InstallError
-from spack.util.cpus import cpus_available
+from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.environment import (
     SYSTEM_DIRS,
     EnvironmentModifications,
@@ -537,39 +537,6 @@ def update_compiler_args_for_dep(dep):
     env.set(SPACK_RPATH_DIRS, ":".join(rpath_dirs))
 
 
-def determine_number_of_jobs(
-    parallel=False, command_line=None, config_default=None, max_cpus=None
-):
-    """
-    Packages that require sequential builds need 1 job. Otherwise we use the
-    number of jobs set on the command line. If not set, then we use the config
-    defaults (which is usually set through the builtin config scope), but we
-    cap to the number of CPUs available to avoid oversubscription.
-
-    Parameters:
-        parallel (bool or None): true when package supports parallel builds
-        command_line (int or None): command line override
-        config_default (int or None): config default number of jobs
-        max_cpus (int or None): maximum number of CPUs available. When None, this
-            value is automatically determined.
-    """
-    if not parallel:
-        return 1
-
-    if command_line is None and "command_line" in spack.config.scopes():
-        command_line = spack.config.get("config:build_jobs", scope="command_line")
-
-    if command_line is not None:
-        return command_line
-
-    max_cpus = max_cpus or cpus_available()
-
-    # in some rare cases _builtin config may not be set, so default to max 16
-    config_default = config_default or spack.config.get("config:build_jobs", 16)
-
-    return min(max_cpus, config_default)
-
-
 def set_module_variables_for_package(pkg):
     """Populate the Python module of a package with some useful global names.
     This makes things easier for package writers.

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py

@@ -274,7 +274,6 @@ def std_args(pkg, generator=None):
             generator,
             define("CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX", pathlib.Path(pkg.prefix).as_posix()),
             define("CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE", build_type),
-            define("BUILD_TESTING", pkg.run_tests),
         ]
 
         # CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION only exists for CMake >= 3.9
@@ -451,7 +450,6 @@ def cmake_args(self):
 
             * CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
             * CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE
-            * BUILD_TESTING
 
         which will be set automatically.
         """

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cuda.py

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def cuda_flags(arch_list):
         conflicts("%pgi@:15.3,15.5:", when="+cuda ^cuda@7.5 target=x86_64:")
         conflicts("%pgi@:16.2,16.0:16.3", when="+cuda ^cuda@8 target=x86_64:")
         conflicts("%pgi@:15,18:", when="+cuda ^cuda@9.0:9.1 target=x86_64:")
-        conflicts("%pgi@:16,19:", when="+cuda ^cuda@9.2.88:10 target=x86_64:")
+        conflicts("%pgi@:16,19:", when="+cuda ^cuda@9.2.88:10.0 target=x86_64:")
         conflicts("%pgi@:17,20:", when="+cuda ^cuda@10.1.105:10.2.89 target=x86_64:")
         conflicts("%pgi@:17,21:", when="+cuda ^cuda@11.0.2:11.1.0 target=x86_64:")
         conflicts("%clang@:3.4", when="+cuda ^cuda@:7.5 target=x86_64:")

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/nmake.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def makefile_root(self):
         return self.stage.source_path
 
     @property
-    def nmakefile_name(self):
+    def makefile_name(self):
         """Name of the current makefile. This is currently an empty value.
         If a project defines this value, it will be used with the /f argument
         to provide nmake an explicit makefile. This is usefule in scenarios where
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ def build(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
         """Run "nmake" on the build targets specified by the builder."""
         opts = self.std_nmake_args
         opts += self.nmake_args()
-        if self.nmakefile_name:
-            opts.append("/f {}".format(self.nmakefile_name))
+        if self.makefile_name:
+            opts.append("/F{}".format(self.makefile_name))
         with fs.working_dir(self.build_directory):
             inspect.getmodule(self.pkg).nmake(
                 *opts, *self.build_targets, ignore_quotes=self.ignore_quotes
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ def install(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
         opts = self.std_nmake_args
         opts += self.nmake_args()
         opts += self.nmake_install_args()
-        if self.nmakefile_name:
-            opts.append("/f {}".format(self.nmakefile_name))
+        if self.makefile_name:
+            opts.append("/F{}".format(self.makefile_name))
         opts.append(self.define("PREFIX", prefix))
         with fs.working_dir(self.build_directory):
             inspect.getmodule(self.pkg).nmake(

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/python.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 import spack.builder
 import spack.config
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.detection
 import spack.multimethod
 import spack.package_base
@@ -226,7 +227,48 @@ def update_external_dependencies(self, extendee_spec=None):
 
                     python.external_path = self.spec.external_path
                     python._mark_concrete()
-            self.spec.add_dependency_edge(python, deptypes=("build", "link", "run"), virtuals=())
+            self.spec.add_dependency_edge(python, depflag=dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN, virtuals=())
+
+    def get_external_python_for_prefix(self):
+        """
+        For an external package that extends python, find the most likely spec for the python
+        it depends on.
+
+        First search: an "installed" external that shares a prefix with this package
+        Second search: a configured external that shares a prefix with this package
+        Third search: search this prefix for a python package
+
+        Returns:
+          spack.spec.Spec: The external Spec for python most likely to be compatible with self.spec
+        """
+        python_externals_installed = [
+            s for s in spack.store.STORE.db.query("python") if s.prefix == self.spec.external_path
+        ]
+        if python_externals_installed:
+            return python_externals_installed[0]
+
+        python_external_config = spack.config.get("packages:python:externals", [])
+        python_externals_configured = [
+            spack.spec.parse_with_version_concrete(item["spec"])
+            for item in python_external_config
+            if item["prefix"] == self.spec.external_path
+        ]
+        if python_externals_configured:
+            return python_externals_configured[0]
+
+        python_externals_detection = spack.detection.by_path(
+            ["python"], path_hints=[self.spec.external_path]
+        )
+
+        python_externals_detected = [
+            d.spec
+            for d in python_externals_detection.get("python", [])
+            if d.prefix == self.spec.external_path
+        ]
+        if python_externals_detected:
+            return python_externals_detected[0]
+
+        raise StopIteration("No external python could be detected for %s to depend on" % self.spec)
 
 
 class PythonPackage(PythonExtension):
@@ -273,47 +315,6 @@ def list_url(cls):
             name = cls.pypi.split("/")[0]
             return "https://pypi.org/simple/" + name + "/"
 
-    def get_external_python_for_prefix(self):
-        """
-        For an external package that extends python, find the most likely spec for the python
-        it depends on.
-
-        First search: an "installed" external that shares a prefix with this package
-        Second search: a configured external that shares a prefix with this package
-        Third search: search this prefix for a python package
-
-        Returns:
-          spack.spec.Spec: The external Spec for python most likely to be compatible with self.spec
-        """
-        python_externals_installed = [
-            s for s in spack.store.STORE.db.query("python") if s.prefix == self.spec.external_path
-        ]
-        if python_externals_installed:
-            return python_externals_installed[0]
-
-        python_external_config = spack.config.get("packages:python:externals", [])
-        python_externals_configured = [
-            spack.spec.parse_with_version_concrete(item["spec"])
-            for item in python_external_config
-            if item["prefix"] == self.spec.external_path
-        ]
-        if python_externals_configured:
-            return python_externals_configured[0]
-
-        python_externals_detection = spack.detection.by_executable(
-            [spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("python")], path_hints=[self.spec.external_path]
-        )
-
-        python_externals_detected = [
-            d.spec
-            for d in python_externals_detection.get("python", [])
-            if d.prefix == self.spec.external_path
-        ]
-        if python_externals_detected:
-            return python_externals_detected[0]
-
-        raise StopIteration("No external python could be detected for %s to depend on" % self.spec)
-
     @property
     def headers(self):
         """Discover header files in platlib."""

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/racket.py

@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.builder
-from spack.build_environment import SPACK_NO_PARALLEL_MAKE, determine_number_of_jobs
+from spack.build_environment import SPACK_NO_PARALLEL_MAKE
 from spack.directives import build_system, extends, maintainers
 from spack.package_base import PackageBase
+from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.environment import env_flag
 from spack.util.executable import Executable, ProcessError
 
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ def install(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
                 "--copy",
                 "-i",
                 "-j",
-                str(determine_number_of_jobs(parallel)),
+                str(determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=parallel)),
                 "--",
                 os.getcwd(),
             ]

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ def append_dep(s, d):
         dependencies.append({"spec": s, "depends": d})
 
     for spec in spec_list:
-        for s in spec.traverse(deptype=all):
+        for s in spec.traverse(deptype="all"):
             if s.external:
                 tty.msg("Will not stage external pkg: {0}".format(s))
                 continue
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def append_dep(s, d):
             skey = _spec_deps_key(s)
             spec_labels[skey] = s
 
-            for d in s.dependencies(deptype=all):
+            for d in s.dependencies(deptype="all"):
                 dkey = _spec_deps_key(d)
                 if d.external:
                     tty.msg("Will not stage external dep: {0}".format(d))
@@ -1029,13 +1029,18 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
             job_vars = job_object.setdefault("variables", {})
             job_vars["SPACK_JOB_SPEC_DAG_HASH"] = release_spec_dag_hash
             job_vars["SPACK_JOB_SPEC_PKG_NAME"] = release_spec.name
+            job_vars["SPACK_JOB_SPEC_PKG_VERSION"] = release_spec.format("{version}")
+            job_vars["SPACK_JOB_SPEC_COMPILER_NAME"] = release_spec.format("{compiler.name}")
+            job_vars["SPACK_JOB_SPEC_COMPILER_VERSION"] = release_spec.format("{compiler.version}")
+            job_vars["SPACK_JOB_SPEC_ARCH"] = release_spec.format("{architecture}")
+            job_vars["SPACK_JOB_SPEC_VARIANTS"] = release_spec.format("{variants}")
 
             job_object["needs"] = []
             if spec_label in dependencies:
                 if enable_artifacts_buildcache:
                     # Get dependencies transitively, so they're all
                     # available in the artifacts buildcache.
-                    dep_jobs = [d for d in release_spec.traverse(deptype=all, root=False)]
+                    dep_jobs = [d for d in release_spec.traverse(deptype="all", root=False)]
                 else:
                     # In this case, "needs" is only used for scheduling
                     # purposes, so we only get the direct dependencies.

lib/spack/spack/cmd/__init__.py

@@ -342,9 +342,9 @@ def iter_groups(specs, indent, all_headers):
             print()
 
         header = "%s{%s} / %s{%s}" % (
-            spack.spec.architecture_color,
+            spack.spec.ARCHITECTURE_COLOR,
             architecture if architecture else "no arch",
-            spack.spec.compiler_color,
+            spack.spec.COMPILER_COLOR,
             f"{compiler.display_str}" if compiler else "no compiler",
         )
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import spack.cmd.common.arguments as arguments
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
+import spack.error
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.relocate
 import spack.repo
@@ -78,6 +79,11 @@ def setup_parser(subparser: argparse.ArgumentParser):
         "Alternatively, one can decide to build a cache for only the package or only the "
         "dependencies",
     )
+    push.add_argument(
+        "--fail-fast",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="stop pushing on first failure (default is best effort)",
+    )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(push, ["specs"])
     push.set_defaults(func=push_fn)
 
@@ -296,6 +302,7 @@ def push_fn(args):
         tty.info(f"Selected {len(specs)} specs to push to {url}")
 
     skipped = []
+    failed = []
 
     # tty printing
     color = clr.get_color_when()
@@ -326,11 +333,17 @@ def push_fn(args):
         except bindist.NoOverwriteException:
             skipped.append(format_spec(spec))
 
+        # Catch any other exception unless the fail fast option is set
+        except Exception as e:
+            if args.fail_fast or isinstance(e, (bindist.PickKeyException, bindist.NoKeyException)):
+                raise
+            failed.append((format_spec(spec), e))
+
     if skipped:
         if len(specs) == 1:
             tty.info("The spec is already in the buildcache. Use --force to overwrite it.")
         elif len(skipped) == len(specs):
-            tty.info("All specs are already in the buildcache. Use --force to overwite them.")
+            tty.info("All specs are already in the buildcache. Use --force to overwrite them.")
         else:
             tty.info(
                 "The following {} specs were skipped as they already exist in the buildcache:\n"
@@ -340,6 +353,17 @@ def push_fn(args):
                 )
             )
 
+    if failed:
+        if len(failed) == 1:
+            raise failed[0][1]
+
+        raise spack.error.SpackError(
+            f"The following {len(failed)} errors occurred while pushing specs to the buildcache",
+            "\n".join(
+                elide_list([f"    {spec}: {e.__class__.__name__}: {e}" for spec, e in failed], 5)
+            ),
+        )
+
 
 def install_fn(args):
     """install from a binary package"""

lib/spack/spack/cmd/ci.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.util.gpg as gpg_util
+import spack.util.timer as timer
 import spack.util.url as url_util
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 
@@ -253,6 +254,8 @@ def ci_rebuild(args):
     check a single spec against the remote mirror, and rebuild it from source if the mirror does
     not contain the hash
     """
+    rebuild_timer = timer.Timer()
+
     env = spack.cmd.require_active_env(cmd_name="ci rebuild")
 
     # Make sure the environment is "gitlab-enabled", or else there's nothing
@@ -736,6 +739,14 @@ def ci_rebuild(args):
 
         print(reproduce_msg)
 
+    rebuild_timer.stop()
+    try:
+        with open("install_timers.json", "w") as timelog:
+            extra_attributes = {"name": ".ci-rebuild"}
+            rebuild_timer.write_json(timelog, extra_attributes=extra_attributes)
+    except Exception as e:
+        tty.debug(str(e))
+
     # Tie job success/failure to the success/failure of building the spec
     return install_exit_code
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/commands.py

@@ -812,6 +812,9 @@ def bash(args: Namespace, out: IO) -> None:
     parser = spack.main.make_argument_parser()
     spack.main.add_all_commands(parser)
 
+    aliases = ";".join(f"{key}:{val}" for key, val in spack.main.aliases.items())
+    out.write(f'SPACK_ALIASES="{aliases}"\n\n')
+
     writer = BashCompletionWriter(parser.prog, out, args.aliases)
     writer.write(parser)
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
-import spack.dependency as dep
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.modules
@@ -114,16 +114,13 @@ def __call__(self, parser, namespace, jobs, option_string):
 
 
 class DeptypeAction(argparse.Action):
-    """Creates a tuple of valid dependency types from a deptype argument."""
+    """Creates a flag of valid dependency types from a deptype argument."""
 
     def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
-        deptype = dep.all_deptypes
-        if values:
-            deptype = tuple(x.strip() for x in values.split(","))
-            if deptype == ("all",):
-                deptype = "all"
-            deptype = dep.canonical_deptype(deptype)
-
+        if not values or values == "all":
+            deptype = dt.ALL
+        else:
+            deptype = dt.canonicalize(values.split(","))
         setattr(namespace, self.dest, deptype)
 
 
@@ -285,9 +282,8 @@ def deptype():
     return Args(
         "--deptype",
         action=DeptypeAction,
-        default=dep.all_deptypes,
-        help="comma-separated list of deptypes to traverse\n\ndefault=%s"
-        % ",".join(dep.all_deptypes),
+        default=dt.ALL,
+        help="comma-separated list of deptypes to traverse (default=%s)" % ",".join(dt.ALL_TYPES),
     )
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/env_utility.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import spack.build_environment as build_environment
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.cmd.common.arguments as arguments
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.paths
 import spack.spec
@@ -46,9 +47,9 @@ def __init__(self, context="build"):
             raise ValueError("context can only be build or test")
 
         if context == "build":
-            self.direct_deps = ("build", "link", "run")
+            self.direct_deps = dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN
         else:
-            self.direct_deps = ("build", "test", "link", "run")
+            self.direct_deps = dt.BUILD | dt.TEST | dt.LINK | dt.RUN
 
         self.has_uninstalled_deps = False
 
@@ -71,8 +72,8 @@ def accept(self, item):
     def neighbors(self, item):
         # Direct deps: follow build & test edges.
         # Transitive deps: follow link / run.
-        deptypes = self.direct_deps if item.depth == 0 else ("link", "run")
-        return item.edge.spec.edges_to_dependencies(deptype=deptypes)
+        depflag = self.direct_deps if item.depth == 0 else dt.LINK | dt.RUN
+        return item.edge.spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=depflag)
 
 
 def emulate_env_utility(cmd_name, context, args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/compiler.py

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def compiler_list(args):
         os_str = os
         if target:
             os_str += "-%s" % target
-        cname = "%s{%s} %s" % (spack.spec.compiler_color, name, os_str)
+        cname = "%s{%s} %s" % (spack.spec.COMPILER_COLOR, name, os_str)
         tty.hline(colorize(cname), char="-")
         colify(reversed(sorted(c.spec.display_str for c in compilers)))
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py

@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ def get_versions(args, name):
     if args.url is not None and args.template != "bundle" and valid_url:
         # Find available versions
         try:
-            url_dict = spack.util.web.find_versions_of_archive(args.url)
+            url_dict = spack.url.find_versions_of_archive(args.url)
         except UndetectableVersionError:
             # Use fake versions
             tty.warn("Couldn't detect version in: {0}".format(args.url))

lib/spack/spack/cmd/dependencies.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def dependencies(parser, args):
             spec,
             transitive=args.transitive,
             expand_virtuals=args.expand_virtuals,
-            deptype=args.deptype,
+            depflag=args.deptype,
         )
 
         if spec.name in dependencies:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -239,6 +239,13 @@ def env_deactivate_setup_parser(subparser):
         const="bat",
         help="print bat commands to activate the environment",
     )
+    shells.add_argument(
+        "--pwsh",
+        action="store_const",
+        dest="shell",
+        const="pwsh",
+        help="print pwsh commands to activate the environment",
+    )
 
 
 def env_deactivate(args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/external.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import errno
 import os
 import sys
+from typing import List, Optional
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 import llnl.util.tty.colify as colify
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     find_parser.add_argument(
         "--all", action="store_true", help="search for all packages that Spack knows about"
     )
-    spack.cmd.common.arguments.add_common_arguments(find_parser, ["tags"])
+    spack.cmd.common.arguments.add_common_arguments(find_parser, ["tags", "jobs"])
     find_parser.add_argument("packages", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER)
     find_parser.epilog = (
         'The search is by default on packages tagged with the "build-tools" or '
@@ -120,46 +121,23 @@ def external_find(args):
             else:
                 tty.warn("Unable to read manifest, unexpected error: {0}".format(str(e)), skip_msg)
 
-    # If the user didn't specify anything, search for build tools by default
-    if not args.tags and not args.all and not args.packages:
-        args.tags = ["core-packages", "build-tools"]
+    # Outside the Cray manifest, the search is done by tag for performance reasons,
+    # since tags are cached.
 
     # If the user specified both --all and --tag, then --all has precedence
-    if args.all and args.tags:
-        args.tags = []
+    if args.all or args.packages:
+        # Each detectable package has at least the detectable tag
+        args.tags = ["detectable"]
+    elif not args.tags:
+        # If the user didn't specify anything, search for build tools by default
+        args.tags = ["core-packages", "build-tools"]
 
-    # Construct the list of possible packages to be detected
-    pkg_cls_to_check = []
-
-    # Add the packages that have been required explicitly
-    if args.packages:
-        pkg_cls_to_check = [spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg) for pkg in args.packages]
-        if args.tags:
-            allowed = set(spack.repo.PATH.packages_with_tags(*args.tags))
-            pkg_cls_to_check = [x for x in pkg_cls_to_check if x.name in allowed]
-
-    if args.tags and not pkg_cls_to_check:
-        # If we arrived here we didn't have any explicit package passed
-        # as argument, which means to search all packages.
-        # Since tags are cached it's much faster to construct what we need
-        # to search directly, rather than filtering after the fact
-        pkg_cls_to_check = [
-            spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-            for tag in args.tags
-            for pkg_name in spack.repo.PATH.packages_with_tags(tag)
-        ]
-        pkg_cls_to_check = list(set(pkg_cls_to_check))
-
-    # If the list of packages is empty, search for every possible package
-    if not args.tags and not pkg_cls_to_check:
-        pkg_cls_to_check = list(spack.repo.PATH.all_package_classes())
-
-    # If the user specified any packages to exclude from external find, add them here
-    if args.exclude:
-        pkg_cls_to_check = [pkg for pkg in pkg_cls_to_check if pkg.name not in args.exclude]
-
-    detected_packages = spack.detection.by_executable(pkg_cls_to_check, path_hints=args.path)
-    detected_packages.update(spack.detection.by_library(pkg_cls_to_check, path_hints=args.path))
+    candidate_packages = packages_to_search_for(
+        names=args.packages, tags=args.tags, exclude=args.exclude
+    )
+    detected_packages = spack.detection.by_path(
+        candidate_packages, path_hints=args.path, max_workers=args.jobs
+    )
 
     new_entries = spack.detection.update_configuration(
         detected_packages, scope=args.scope, buildable=not args.not_buildable
@@ -173,6 +151,19 @@ def external_find(args):
         tty.msg("No new external packages detected")
 
 
+def packages_to_search_for(
+    *, names: Optional[List[str]], tags: List[str], exclude: Optional[List[str]]
+):
+    result = []
+    for current_tag in tags:
+        result.extend(spack.repo.PATH.packages_with_tags(current_tag))
+    if names:
+        result = [x for x in result if x in names]
+    if exclude:
+        result = [x for x in result if x not in exclude]
+    return result
+
+
 def external_read_cray_manifest(args):
     _collect_and_consume_cray_manifest_files(
         manifest_file=args.file,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/graph.py

@@ -74,19 +74,19 @@ def graph(parser, args):
 
     if args.static:
         args.dot = True
-        static_graph_dot(specs, deptype=args.deptype)
+        static_graph_dot(specs, depflag=args.deptype)
         return
 
     if args.dot:
         builder = SimpleDAG()
         if args.color:
             builder = DAGWithDependencyTypes()
-        graph_dot(specs, builder=builder, deptype=args.deptype)
+        graph_dot(specs, builder=builder, depflag=args.deptype)
         return
 
     # ascii is default: user doesn't need to provide it explicitly
     debug = spack.config.get("config:debug")
-    graph_ascii(specs[0], debug=debug, deptype=args.deptype)
+    graph_ascii(specs[0], debug=debug, depflag=args.deptype)
     for spec in specs[1:]:
         print()  # extra line bt/w independent graphs
         graph_ascii(spec, debug=debug)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/info.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd.common.arguments as arguments
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.fetch_strategy as fs
 import spack.install_test
 import spack.repo
@@ -64,11 +65,11 @@ def section_title(s):
 
 
 def version(s):
-    return spack.spec.version_color + s + plain_format
+    return spack.spec.VERSION_COLOR + s + plain_format
 
 
 def variant(s):
-    return spack.spec.enabled_variant_color + s + plain_format
+    return spack.spec.ENABLED_VARIANT_COLOR + s + plain_format
 
 
 class VariantFormatter:
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ def print_dependencies(pkg):
     for deptype in ("build", "link", "run"):
         color.cprint("")
         color.cprint(section_title("%s Dependencies:" % deptype.capitalize()))
-        deps = sorted(pkg.dependencies_of_type(deptype))
+        deps = sorted(pkg.dependencies_of_type(dt.flag_from_string(deptype)))
         if deps:
             colify(deps, indent=4)
         else:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/list.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd.common.arguments as arguments
-import spack.dependency
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.repo
 from spack.version import VersionList
 
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ def rows_for_ncols(elts, ncols):
 
 def get_dependencies(pkg):
     all_deps = {}
-    for deptype in spack.dependency.all_deptypes:
-        deps = pkg.dependencies_of_type(deptype)
+    for deptype in dt.ALL_TYPES:
+        deps = pkg.dependencies_of_type(dt.flag_from_string(deptype))
         all_deps[deptype] = [d for d in deps]
 
     return all_deps
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ def head(n, span_id, title, anchor=None):
             out.write("\n")
             out.write("</dd>\n")
 
-        for deptype in spack.dependency.all_deptypes:
-            deps = pkg_cls.dependencies_of_type(deptype)
+        for deptype in dt.ALL_TYPES:
+            deps = pkg_cls.dependencies_of_type(dt.flag_from_string(deptype))
             if deps:
                 out.write("<dt>%s Dependencies:</dt>\n" % deptype.capitalize())
                 out.write("<dd>\n")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/load.py

@@ -52,6 +52,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         const="bat",
         help="print bat commands to load the package",
     )
+    shells.add_argument(
+        "--pwsh",
+        action="store_const",
+        dest="shell",
+        const="pwsh",
+        help="print pwsh commands to load the package",
+    )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
         "--first",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mirror.py

@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ def mirror_create(args):
         )
 
     # When no directory is provided, the source dir is used
-    path = args.directory or spack.caches.FETCH_CACHE_location()
+    path = args.directory or spack.caches.fetch_cache_location()
 
     if args.all and not ev.active_environment():
         create_mirror_for_all_specs(

lib/spack/spack/cmd/solve.py

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def solve(parser, args):
     # these are the same options as `spack spec`
     install_status_fn = spack.spec.Spec.install_status
 
-    fmt = spack.spec.display_format
+    fmt = spack.spec.DISPLAY_FORMAT
     if args.namespaces:
         fmt = "{namespace}." + fmt
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/spec.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 def spec(parser, args):
     install_status_fn = spack.spec.Spec.install_status
 
-    fmt = spack.spec.display_format
+    fmt = spack.spec.DISPLAY_FORMAT
     if args.namespaces:
         fmt = "{namespace}." + fmt
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unload.py

@@ -51,6 +51,13 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         const="bat",
         help="print bat commands to load the package",
     )
+    shells.add_argument(
+        "--pwsh",
+        action="store_const",
+        dest="shell",
+        const="pwsh",
+        help="print pwsh commands to load the package",
+    )
 
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-a", "--all", action="store_true", help="unload all loaded Spack packages"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/url.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import spack.fetch_strategy as fs
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
+import spack.url
 import spack.util.crypto as crypto
 from spack.url import (
     UndetectableNameError,
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@
     substitution_offsets,
 )
 from spack.util.naming import simplify_name
-from spack.util.web import find_versions_of_archive
 
 description = "debugging tool for url parsing"
 section = "developer"
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def url_parse(args):
     if args.spider:
         print()
         tty.msg("Spidering for versions:")
-        versions = find_versions_of_archive(url)
+        versions = spack.url.find_versions_of_archive(url)
 
         if not versions:
             print("  Found no versions for {0}".format(name))

lib/spack/spack/compilers/gcc.py

@@ -99,6 +99,28 @@ def cxx17_flag(self):
         else:
             return "-std=c++17"
 
+    @property
+    def cxx20_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < Version("8.0"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C++20 standard", "cxx20_flag", "< 8.0"
+            )
+        elif self.real_version < Version("11.0"):
+            return "-std=c++2a"
+        else:
+            return "-std=c++20"
+
+    @property
+    def cxx23_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < Version("11.0"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C++23 standard", "cxx23_flag", "< 11.0"
+            )
+        elif self.real_version < Version("14.0"):
+            return "-std=c++2b"
+        else:
+            return "-std=c++23"
+
     @property
     def c99_flag(self):
         if self.real_version < Version("4.5"):

lib/spack/spack/compilers/msvc.py

@@ -29,6 +29,90 @@
 }
 
 
+class CmdCall:
+    """Compose a call to `cmd` for an ordered series of cmd commands/scripts"""
+
+    def __init__(self, *cmds):
+        if not cmds:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                """Attempting to run commands from CMD without specifying commands.
+                Please add commands to be run."""
+            )
+        self._cmds = cmds
+
+    def __call__(self):
+        out = subprocess.check_output(self.cmd_line, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)  # novermin
+        return out.decode("utf-16le", errors="replace")  # novermin
+
+    @property
+    def cmd_line(self):
+        base_call = "cmd /u /c "
+        commands = " && ".join([x.command_str() for x in self._cmds])
+        # If multiple commands are being invoked by a single subshell
+        # they must be encapsulated by a double quote. Always double
+        # quote to be sure of proper handling
+        # cmd will properly resolve nested double quotes as needed
+        #
+        # `set`` writes out the active env to the subshell stdout,
+        # and in this context we are always trying to obtain env
+        # state so it should always be appended
+        return base_call + f'"{commands} && set"'
+
+
+class VarsInvocation:
+    def __init__(self, script):
+        self._script = script
+
+    def command_str(self):
+        return f'"{self._script}"'
+
+    @property
+    def script(self):
+        return self._script
+
+
+class VCVarsInvocation(VarsInvocation):
+    def __init__(self, script, arch, msvc_version):
+        super(VCVarsInvocation, self).__init__(script)
+        self._arch = arch
+        self._msvc_version = msvc_version
+
+    @property
+    def sdk_ver(self):
+        """Accessor for Windows SDK version property
+
+        Note: This property may not be set by
+        the calling context and as such this property will
+        return an empty string
+
+        This property will ONLY be set if the SDK package
+        is a dependency somewhere in the Spack DAG of the package
+        for which we are constructing an MSVC compiler env.
+        Otherwise this property should be unset to allow the VCVARS
+        script to use its internal heuristics to determine appropriate
+        SDK version
+        """
+        if getattr(self, "_sdk_ver", None):
+            return self._sdk_ver + ".0"
+        return ""
+
+    @sdk_ver.setter
+    def sdk_ver(self, val):
+        self._sdk_ver = val
+
+    @property
+    def arch(self):
+        return self._arch
+
+    @property
+    def vcvars_ver(self):
+        return f"-vcvars_ver={self._msvc_version}"
+
+    def command_str(self):
+        script = super(VCVarsInvocation, self).command_str()
+        return f"{script} {self.arch} {self.sdk_ver} {self.vcvars_ver}"
+
+
 def get_valid_fortran_pth(comp_ver):
     cl_ver = str(comp_ver)
     sort_fn = lambda fc_ver: StrictVersion(fc_ver)
@@ -75,22 +159,48 @@ class Msvc(Compiler):
     # file based on compiler executable path.
 
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        new_pth = [pth if pth else get_valid_fortran_pth(args[0].version) for pth in args[3]]
-        args[3][:] = new_pth
+        # This positional argument "paths" is later parsed and process by the base class
+        # via the call to `super` later in this method
+        paths = args[3]
+        # This positional argument "cspec" is also parsed and handled by the base class
+        # constructor
+        cspec = args[0]
+        new_pth = [pth if pth else get_valid_fortran_pth(cspec.version) for pth in paths]
+        paths[:] = new_pth
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        if os.getenv("ONEAPI_ROOT"):
+        # To use the MSVC compilers, VCVARS must be invoked
+        # VCVARS is located at a fixed location, referencable
+        # idiomatically by the following relative path from the
+        # compiler.
+        # Spack first finds the compilers via VSWHERE
+        # and stores their path, but their respective VCVARS
+        # file must be invoked before useage.
+        env_cmds = []
+        compiler_root = os.path.join(self.cc, "../../../../../../..")
+        vcvars_script_path = os.path.join(compiler_root, "Auxiliary", "Build", "vcvars64.bat")
+        # get current platform architecture and format for vcvars argument
+        arch = spack.platforms.real_host().default.lower()
+        arch = arch.replace("-", "_")
+        self.vcvars_call = VCVarsInvocation(vcvars_script_path, arch, self.msvc_version)
+        env_cmds.append(self.vcvars_call)
+        # Below is a check for a valid fortran path
+        # paths has c, cxx, fc, and f77 paths in that order
+        # paths[2] refers to the fc path and is a generic check
+        # for a fortran compiler
+        if paths[2]:
             # If this found, it sets all the vars
-            self.setvarsfile = os.path.join(os.getenv("ONEAPI_ROOT"), "setvars.bat")
-        else:
-            # To use the MSVC compilers, VCVARS must be invoked
-            # VCVARS is located at a fixed location, referencable
-            # idiomatically by the following relative path from the
-            # compiler.
-            # Spack first finds the compilers via VSWHERE
-            # and stores their path, but their respective VCVARS
-            # file must be invoked before useage.
-            self.setvarsfile = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.cc, "../../../../../../.."))
-            self.setvarsfile = os.path.join(self.setvarsfile, "Auxiliary", "Build", "vcvars64.bat")
+            oneapi_root = os.getenv("ONEAPI_ROOT")
+            oneapi_root_setvars = os.path.join(oneapi_root, "setvars.bat")
+            oneapi_version_setvars = os.path.join(
+                oneapi_root, "compiler", str(self.ifx_version), "env", "vars.bat"
+            )
+            # order matters here, the specific version env must be invoked first,
+            # otherwise it will be ignored if the root setvars sets up the oneapi
+            # env first
+            env_cmds.extend(
+                [VarsInvocation(oneapi_version_setvars), VarsInvocation(oneapi_root_setvars)]
+            )
+        self.msvc_compiler_environment = CmdCall(*env_cmds)
 
     @property
     def msvc_version(self):
@@ -119,16 +229,30 @@ def platform_toolset_ver(self):
         """
         return self.msvc_version[:2].joined.string[:3]
 
-    @property
-    def cl_version(self):
-        """Cl toolset version"""
+    def _compiler_version(self, compiler):
+        """Returns version object for given compiler"""
+        # ignore_errors below is true here due to ifx's
+        # non zero return code if it is not provided
+        # and input file
         return Version(
             re.search(
                 Msvc.version_regex,
-                spack.compiler.get_compiler_version_output(self.cc, version_arg=None),
+                spack.compiler.get_compiler_version_output(
+                    compiler, version_arg=None, ignore_errors=True
+                ),
             ).group(1)
         )
 
+    @property
+    def cl_version(self):
+        """Cl toolset version"""
+        return self._compiler_version(self.cc)
+
+    @property
+    def ifx_version(self):
+        """Ifx compiler version associated with this version of MSVC"""
+        return self._compiler_version(self.fc)
+
     @property
     def vs_root(self):
         # The MSVC install root is located at a fix level above the compiler
@@ -146,27 +270,12 @@ def setup_custom_environment(self, pkg, env):
         # output, sort into dictionary, use that to make the build
         # environment.
 
-        # get current platform architecture and format for vcvars argument
-        arch = spack.platforms.real_host().default.lower()
-        arch = arch.replace("-", "_")
         # vcvars can target specific sdk versions, force it to pick up concretized sdk
         # version, if needed by spec
-        sdk_ver = (
-            ""
-            if "win-sdk" not in pkg.spec or pkg.name == "win-sdk"
-            else pkg.spec["win-sdk"].version.string + ".0"
-        )
-        # provide vcvars with msvc version selected by concretization,
-        # not whatever it happens to pick up on the system (highest available version)
-        out = subprocess.check_output(  # novermin
-            'cmd /u /c "{}" {} {} {} && set'.format(
-                self.setvarsfile, arch, sdk_ver, "-vcvars_ver=%s" % self.msvc_version
-            ),
-            stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
-        )
-        if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
-            out = out.decode("utf-16le", errors="replace")  # novermin
+        if pkg.name != "win-sdk" and "win-sdk" in pkg.spec:
+            self.vcvars_call.sdk_ver = pkg.spec["win-sdk"].version.string
 
+        out = self.msvc_compiler_environment()
         int_env = dict(
             (key, value)
             for key, _, value in (line.partition("=") for line in out.splitlines())

lib/spack/spack/config.py

@@ -857,12 +857,12 @@ def add_from_file(filename, scope=None):
 def add(fullpath, scope=None):
     """Add the given configuration to the specified config scope.
     Add accepts a path. If you want to add from a filename, use add_from_file"""
-
     components = process_config_path(fullpath)
 
     has_existing_value = True
     path = ""
     override = False
+    value = syaml.load_config(components[-1])
     for idx, name in enumerate(components[:-1]):
         # First handle double colons in constructing path
         colon = "::" if override else ":" if path else ""
@@ -883,14 +883,14 @@ def add(fullpath, scope=None):
             existing = get_valid_type(path)
 
             # construct value from this point down
-            value = syaml.load_config(components[-1])
             for component in reversed(components[idx + 1 : -1]):
                 value = {component: value}
             break
 
+    if override:
+        path += "::"
+
     if has_existing_value:
-        path, _, value = fullpath.rpartition(":")
-        value = syaml.load_config(value)
         existing = get(path, scope=scope)
 
     # append values to lists
@@ -1231,11 +1231,17 @@ def they_are(t):
     return copy.copy(source)
 
 
-#
-# Process a path argument to config.set() that may contain overrides ('::' or
-# trailing ':')
-#
 def process_config_path(path):
+    """Process a path argument to config.set() that may contain overrides ('::' or
+    trailing ':')
+
+    Note: quoted value path components will be processed as a single value (escaping colons)
+        quoted path components outside of the value will be considered ill formed and will
+        raise.
+        e.g. `this:is:a:path:'value:with:colon'` will yield:
+
+            [this, is, a, path, value:with:colon]
+    """
     result = []
     if path.startswith(":"):
         raise syaml.SpackYAMLError("Illegal leading `:' in path `{0}'".format(path), "")
@@ -1263,6 +1269,17 @@ def process_config_path(path):
             front.append = True
 
         result.append(front)
+
+        quote = "['\"]"
+        not_quote = "[^'\"]"
+
+        if re.match(f"^{quote}", path):
+            m = re.match(rf"^({quote}{not_quote}+{quote})$", path)
+            if not m:
+                raise ValueError("Quotes indicate value, but there are additional path entries")
+            result.append(m.group(1))
+            break
+
     return result
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cray_manifest.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
 import spack.cmd
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.hash_types as hash_types
 import spack.platforms
@@ -158,13 +159,13 @@ def entries_to_specs(entries):
         dependencies = entry["dependencies"]
         for name, properties in dependencies.items():
             dep_hash = properties["hash"]
-            deptypes = properties["type"]
+            depflag = dt.canonicalize(properties["type"])
             if dep_hash in spec_dict:
                 if entry["hash"] not in spec_dict:
                     continue
                 parent_spec = spec_dict[entry["hash"]]
                 dep_spec = spec_dict[dep_hash]
-                parent_spec._add_dependency(dep_spec, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=())
+                parent_spec._add_dependency(dep_spec, depflag=depflag, virtuals=())
 
     for spec in spec_dict.values():
         spack.spec.reconstruct_virtuals_on_edges(spec)

lib/spack/spack/database.py

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 import time
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Generator, List, NamedTuple, Set, Type, Union
 
+import spack.deptypes as dt
+
 try:
     import uuid
 
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@
 
 #: Types of dependencies tracked by the database
 #: We store by DAG hash, so we track the dependencies that the DAG hash includes.
-_TRACKED_DEPENDENCIES = ht.dag_hash.deptype
+_TRACKED_DEPENDENCIES = ht.dag_hash.depflag
 
 #: Default list of fields written for each install record
 DEFAULT_INSTALL_RECORD_FIELDS = (
@@ -795,7 +797,7 @@ def _assign_dependencies(self, spec_reader, hash_key, installs, data):
                     tty.warn(msg)
                     continue
 
-                spec._add_dependency(child, deptypes=dtypes, virtuals=virtuals)
+                spec._add_dependency(child, depflag=dt.canonicalize(dtypes), virtuals=virtuals)
 
     def _read_from_file(self, filename):
         """Fill database from file, do not maintain old data.
@@ -1146,7 +1148,7 @@ def _add(
         # Retrieve optional arguments
         installation_time = installation_time or _now()
 
-        for edge in spec.edges_to_dependencies(deptype=_TRACKED_DEPENDENCIES):
+        for edge in spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=_TRACKED_DEPENDENCIES):
             if edge.spec.dag_hash() in self._data:
                 continue
             # allow missing build-only deps. This prevents excessive
@@ -1154,7 +1156,7 @@ def _add(
             # is missing a build dep; there's no need to install the
             # build dep's build dep first, and there's no need to warn
             # about it missing.
-            dep_allow_missing = allow_missing or edge.deptypes == ("build",)
+            dep_allow_missing = allow_missing or edge.depflag == dt.BUILD
             self._add(
                 edge.spec,
                 directory_layout,
@@ -1198,10 +1200,10 @@ def _add(
             self._data[key] = InstallRecord(new_spec, path, installed, ref_count=0, **extra_args)
 
             # Connect dependencies from the DB to the new copy.
-            for dep in spec.edges_to_dependencies(deptype=_TRACKED_DEPENDENCIES):
+            for dep in spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=_TRACKED_DEPENDENCIES):
                 dkey = dep.spec.dag_hash()
                 upstream, record = self.query_by_spec_hash(dkey)
-                new_spec._add_dependency(record.spec, deptypes=dep.deptypes, virtuals=dep.virtuals)
+                new_spec._add_dependency(record.spec, depflag=dep.depflag, virtuals=dep.virtuals)
                 if not upstream:
                     record.ref_count += 1
 
@@ -1371,7 +1373,13 @@ def deprecate(self, spec, deprecator):
             return self._deprecate(spec, deprecator)
 
     @_autospec
-    def installed_relatives(self, spec, direction="children", transitive=True, deptype="all"):
+    def installed_relatives(
+        self,
+        spec,
+        direction="children",
+        transitive=True,
+        deptype: Union[dt.DepFlag, dt.DepTypes] = dt.ALL,
+    ):
         """Return installed specs related to this one."""
         if direction not in ("parents", "children"):
             raise ValueError("Invalid direction: %s" % direction)

lib/spack/spack/dependency.py

@@ -3,64 +3,11 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 """Data structures that represent Spack's dependency relationships."""
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Dict, List
 
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.spec
 
-#: The types of dependency relationships that Spack understands.
-all_deptypes = ("build", "link", "run", "test")
-
-#: Default dependency type if none is specified
-default_deptype = ("build", "link")
-
-#: Type hint for the arguments accepting a dependency type
-DependencyArgument = Union[str, List[str], Tuple[str, ...]]
-
-
-def deptype_chars(*type_tuples: str) -> str:
-    """Create a string representing deptypes for many dependencies.
-
-    The string will be some subset of 'blrt', like 'bl ', 'b t', or
-    ' lr ' where each letter in 'blrt' stands for 'build', 'link',
-    'run', and 'test' (the dependency types).
-
-    For a single dependency, this just indicates that the dependency has
-    the indicated deptypes. For a list of dependnecies, this shows
-    whether ANY dpeendency in the list has the deptypes (so the deptypes
-    are merged).
-    """
-    types: Set[str] = set()
-    for t in type_tuples:
-        if t:
-            types.update(t)
-
-    return "".join(t[0] if t in types else " " for t in all_deptypes)
-
-
-def canonical_deptype(deptype: DependencyArgument) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
-    """Convert deptype to a canonical sorted tuple, or raise ValueError.
-
-    Args:
-        deptype: string representing dependency type, or a list/tuple of such strings.
-            Can also be the builtin function ``all`` or the string 'all', which result in
-            a tuple of all dependency types known to Spack.
-    """
-    if deptype in ("all", all):
-        return all_deptypes
-
-    elif isinstance(deptype, str):
-        if deptype not in all_deptypes:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid dependency type: %s" % deptype)
-        return (deptype,)
-
-    elif isinstance(deptype, (tuple, list, set)):
-        bad = [d for d in deptype if d not in all_deptypes]
-        if bad:
-            raise ValueError("Invalid dependency types: %s" % ",".join(str(t) for t in bad))
-        return tuple(sorted(set(deptype)))
-
-    raise ValueError("Invalid dependency type: %s" % repr(deptype))
-
 
 class Dependency:
     """Class representing metadata for a dependency on a package.
@@ -93,7 +40,7 @@ def __init__(
         self,
         pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase",
         spec: "spack.spec.Spec",
-        type: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = default_deptype,
+        depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.DEFAULT,
     ):
         """Create a new Dependency.
 
@@ -110,11 +57,7 @@ def __init__(
         # This dict maps condition specs to lists of Patch objects, just
         # as the patches dict on packages does.
         self.patches: Dict[spack.spec.Spec, "List[spack.patch.Patch]"] = {}
-
-        if type is None:
-            self.type = set(default_deptype)
-        else:
-            self.type = set(type)
+        self.depflag = depflag
 
     @property
     def name(self) -> str:
@@ -124,7 +67,7 @@ def name(self) -> str:
     def merge(self, other: "Dependency"):
         """Merge constraints, deptypes, and patches of other into self."""
         self.spec.constrain(other.spec)
-        self.type |= other.type
+        self.depflag |= other.depflag
 
         # concatenate patch lists, or just copy them in
         for cond, p in other.patches.items():
@@ -135,5 +78,5 @@ def merge(self, other: "Dependency"):
                 self.patches[cond] = other.patches[cond]
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        types = deptype_chars(*self.type)
+        types = dt.flag_to_chars(self.depflag)
         return f"<Dependency: {self.pkg.name} -> {self.spec} [{types}]>"

lib/spack/spack/deptypes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+"""Data structures that represent Spack's edge types."""
+
+from typing import Iterable, List, Tuple, Union
+
+#: Type hint for the low-level dependency input (enum.Flag is too slow)
+DepFlag = int
+
+#: Type hint for the high-level dependency input
+DepTypes = Union[str, List[str], Tuple[str, ...]]
+
+#: Individual dependency types
+DepType = str  # Python 3.8: Literal["build", "link", "run", "test"]
+
+# Flag values. NOTE: these values are not arbitrary, since hash computation imposes
+# the order (link, run, build, test) when depending on the same package multiple times,
+# and we rely on default integer comparison to sort dependency types.
+# New dependency types should be appended.
+LINK = 0b0001
+RUN = 0b0010
+BUILD = 0b0100
+TEST = 0b1000
+
+#: The types of dependency relationships that Spack understands.
+ALL_TYPES: Tuple[DepType, ...] = ("build", "link", "run", "test")
+
+#: Default dependency type if none is specified
+DEFAULT_TYPES: Tuple[DepType, ...] = ("build", "link")
+
+#: A flag with all dependency types set
+ALL: DepFlag = BUILD | LINK | RUN | TEST
+
+#: Default dependency type if none is specified
+DEFAULT: DepFlag = BUILD | LINK
+
+#: An iterator of all flag components
+ALL_FLAGS: Tuple[DepFlag, DepFlag, DepFlag, DepFlag] = (BUILD, LINK, RUN, TEST)
+
+
+def flag_from_string(s: str) -> DepFlag:
+    if s == "build":
+        return BUILD
+    elif s == "link":
+        return LINK
+    elif s == "run":
+        return RUN
+    elif s == "test":
+        return TEST
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid dependency type: {s}")
+
+
+def flag_from_strings(deptype: Iterable[str]) -> DepFlag:
+    """Transform an iterable of deptype strings into a flag."""
+    flag = 0
+    for deptype_str in deptype:
+        flag |= flag_from_string(deptype_str)
+    return flag
+
+
+def canonicalize(deptype: DepTypes) -> DepFlag:
+    """Convert deptype user input to a DepFlag, or raise ValueError.
+
+    Args:
+        deptype: string representing dependency type, or a list/tuple of such strings.
+            Can also be the builtin function ``all`` or the string 'all', which result in
+            a tuple of all dependency types known to Spack.
+    """
+    if deptype in ("all", all):
+        return ALL
+
+    if isinstance(deptype, str):
+        return flag_from_string(deptype)
+
+    if isinstance(deptype, (tuple, list, set)):
+        return flag_from_strings(deptype)
+
+    raise ValueError(f"Invalid dependency type: {deptype!r}")
+
+
+def flag_to_tuple(x: DepFlag) -> Tuple[DepType, ...]:
+    deptype: List[DepType] = []
+    if x & BUILD:
+        deptype.append("build")
+    if x & LINK:
+        deptype.append("link")
+    if x & RUN:
+        deptype.append("run")
+    if x & TEST:
+        deptype.append("test")
+    return tuple(deptype)
+
+
+def flag_to_string(x: DepFlag) -> DepType:
+    if x == BUILD:
+        return "build"
+    elif x == LINK:
+        return "link"
+    elif x == RUN:
+        return "run"
+    elif x == TEST:
+        return "test"
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid dependency type flag: {x}")
+
+
+def flag_to_chars(depflag: DepFlag) -> str:
+    """Create a string representing deptypes for many dependencies.
+
+    The string will be some subset of 'blrt', like 'bl ', 'b t', or
+    ' lr ' where each letter in 'blrt' stands for 'build', 'link',
+    'run', and 'test' (the dependency types).
+
+    For a single dependency, this just indicates that the dependency has
+    the indicated deptypes. For a list of dependnecies, this shows
+    whether ANY dpeendency in the list has the deptypes (so the deptypes
+    are merged)."""
+    return "".join(
+        t_str[0] if t_flag & depflag else " " for t_str, t_flag in zip(ALL_TYPES, ALL_FLAGS)
+    )

lib/spack/spack/detection/__init__.py

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 from .common import DetectedPackage, executable_prefix, update_configuration
-from .path import by_executable, by_library, executables_in_path
+from .path import by_path, executables_in_path
 
 __all__ = [
     "DetectedPackage",
-    "by_library",
-    "by_executable",
+    "by_path",
     "executables_in_path",
     "executable_prefix",
     "update_configuration",

lib/spack/spack/detection/common.py

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 The module also contains other functions that might be useful across different
 detection mechanisms.
 """
-import collections
 import glob
 import itertools
 import os
 import os.path
 import re
 import sys
+from typing import Dict, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 import llnl.util.tty
 
@@ -29,12 +29,28 @@
 import spack.util.spack_yaml
 import spack.util.windows_registry
 
-#: Information on a package that has been detected
-DetectedPackage = collections.namedtuple("DetectedPackage", ["spec", "prefix"])
+
+class DetectedPackage(NamedTuple):
+    """Information on a package that has been detected."""
+
+    #: Spec that was detected
+    spec: spack.spec.Spec
+    #: Prefix of the spec
+    prefix: str
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return DetectedPackage.restore, (str(self.spec), self.prefix, self.spec.extra_attributes)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def restore(
+        spec_str: str, prefix: str, extra_attributes: Optional[Dict[str, str]]
+    ) -> "DetectedPackage":
+        spec = spack.spec.Spec.from_detection(spec_str=spec_str, extra_attributes=extra_attributes)
+        return DetectedPackage(spec=spec, prefix=prefix)
 
 
-def _externals_in_packages_yaml():
-    """Return all the specs mentioned as externals in packages.yaml"""
+def _externals_in_packages_yaml() -> Set[spack.spec.Spec]:
+    """Returns all the specs mentioned as externals in packages.yaml"""
     packages_yaml = spack.config.get("packages")
     already_defined_specs = set()
     for pkg_name, package_configuration in packages_yaml.items():
@@ -43,7 +59,12 @@ def _externals_in_packages_yaml():
     return already_defined_specs
 
 
-def _pkg_config_dict(external_pkg_entries):
+ExternalEntryType = Union[str, Dict[str, str]]
+
+
+def _pkg_config_dict(
+    external_pkg_entries: List[DetectedPackage],
+) -> Dict[str, Union[bool, List[Dict[str, ExternalEntryType]]]]:
     """Generate a package specific config dict according to the packages.yaml schema.
 
     This does not generate the entire packages.yaml. For example, given some
@@ -65,7 +86,10 @@ def _pkg_config_dict(external_pkg_entries):
         if not _spec_is_valid(e.spec):
             continue
 
-        external_items = [("spec", str(e.spec)), ("prefix", e.prefix)]
+        external_items: List[Tuple[str, ExternalEntryType]] = [
+            ("spec", str(e.spec)),
+            ("prefix", e.prefix),
+        ]
         if e.spec.external_modules:
             external_items.append(("modules", e.spec.external_modules))
 
@@ -83,15 +107,14 @@ def _pkg_config_dict(external_pkg_entries):
     return pkg_dict
 
 
-def _spec_is_valid(spec):
+def _spec_is_valid(spec: spack.spec.Spec) -> bool:
     try:
         str(spec)
     except spack.error.SpackError:
-        # It is assumed here that we can at least extract the package name from
-        # the spec so we can look up the implementation of
-        # determine_spec_details
-        msg = "Constructed spec for {0} does not have a string representation"
-        llnl.util.tty.warn(msg.format(spec.name))
+        # It is assumed here that we can at least extract the package name from the spec so we
+        # can look up the implementation of determine_spec_details
+        msg = f"Constructed spec for {spec.name} does not have a string representation"
+        llnl.util.tty.warn(msg)
         return False
 
     try:
@@ -106,7 +129,7 @@ def _spec_is_valid(spec):
     return True
 
 
-def path_to_dict(search_paths):
+def path_to_dict(search_paths: List[str]):
     """Return dictionary[fullpath]: basename from list of paths"""
     path_to_lib = {}
     # Reverse order of search directories so that a lib in the first
@@ -124,7 +147,7 @@ def path_to_dict(search_paths):
     return path_to_lib
 
 
-def is_executable(file_path):
+def is_executable(file_path: str) -> bool:
     """Return True if the path passed as argument is that of an executable"""
     return os.path.isfile(file_path) and os.access(file_path, os.X_OK)
 
@@ -146,7 +169,7 @@ def _convert_to_iterable(single_val_or_multiple):
         return [x]
 
 
-def executable_prefix(executable_dir):
+def executable_prefix(executable_dir: str) -> str:
     """Given a directory where an executable is found, guess the prefix
     (i.e. the "root" directory of that installation) and return it.
 
@@ -167,12 +190,12 @@ def executable_prefix(executable_dir):
     return os.sep.join(components[:idx])
 
 
-def library_prefix(library_dir):
-    """Given a directory where an library is found, guess the prefix
+def library_prefix(library_dir: str) -> str:
+    """Given a directory where a library is found, guess the prefix
     (i.e. the "root" directory of that installation) and return it.
 
     Args:
-        library_dir: directory where an library is found
+        library_dir: directory where a library is found
     """
     # Given a prefix where an library is found, assuming that prefix
     # contains /lib/ or /lib64/, strip off the 'lib' or 'lib64' directory
@@ -195,13 +218,17 @@ def library_prefix(library_dir):
         return library_dir
 
 
-def update_configuration(detected_packages, scope=None, buildable=True):
+def update_configuration(
+    detected_packages: Dict[str, List[DetectedPackage]],
+    scope: Optional[str] = None,
+    buildable: bool = True,
+) -> List[spack.spec.Spec]:
     """Add the packages passed as arguments to packages.yaml
 
     Args:
-        detected_packages (list): list of DetectedPackage objects to be added
-        scope (str): configuration scope where to add the detected packages
-        buildable (bool): whether the detected packages are buildable or not
+        detected_packages: list of DetectedPackage objects to be added
+        scope: configuration scope where to add the detected packages
+        buildable: whether the detected packages are buildable or not
     """
     predefined_external_specs = _externals_in_packages_yaml()
     pkg_to_cfg, all_new_specs = {}, []
@@ -209,7 +236,10 @@ def update_configuration(detected_packages, scope=None, buildable=True):
         new_entries = [e for e in entries if (e.spec not in predefined_external_specs)]
 
         pkg_config = _pkg_config_dict(new_entries)
-        all_new_specs.extend([spack.spec.Spec(x["spec"]) for x in pkg_config.get("externals", [])])
+        external_entries = pkg_config.get("externals", [])
+        assert not isinstance(external_entries, bool), "unexpected value for external entry"
+
+        all_new_specs.extend([spack.spec.Spec(x["spec"]) for x in external_entries])
         if buildable is False:
             pkg_config["buildable"] = False
         pkg_to_cfg[package_name] = pkg_config
@@ -222,16 +252,19 @@ def update_configuration(detected_packages, scope=None, buildable=True):
     return all_new_specs
 
 
-def _windows_drive():
-    """Return Windows drive string extracted from PROGRAMFILES
-    env var, which is garunteed to be defined for all logins"""
-    drive = re.match(r"([a-zA-Z]:)", os.environ["PROGRAMFILES"]).group(1)
-    return drive
+def _windows_drive() -> str:
+    """Return Windows drive string extracted from the PROGRAMFILES environment variable,
+    which is guaranteed to be defined for all logins.
+    """
+    match = re.match(r"([a-zA-Z]:)", os.environ["PROGRAMFILES"])
+    if match is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("cannot read the PROGRAMFILES environment variable")
+    return match.group(1)
 
 
 class WindowsCompilerExternalPaths:
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_compiler_root_paths():
+    def find_windows_compiler_root_paths() -> List[str]:
         """Helper for Windows compiler installation root discovery
 
         At the moment simply returns location of VS install paths from VSWhere
@@ -239,7 +272,7 @@ def find_windows_compiler_root_paths():
         return list(winOs.WindowsOs.vs_install_paths)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_compiler_cmake_paths():
+    def find_windows_compiler_cmake_paths() -> List[str]:
         """Semi hard-coded search path for cmake bundled with MSVC"""
         return [
             os.path.join(
@@ -249,7 +282,7 @@ def find_windows_compiler_cmake_paths():
         ]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_compiler_ninja_paths():
+    def find_windows_compiler_ninja_paths() -> List[str]:
         """Semi hard-coded search heuristic for locating ninja bundled with MSVC"""
         return [
             os.path.join(path, "Common7", "IDE", "CommonExtensions", "Microsoft", "CMake", "Ninja")
@@ -257,7 +290,7 @@ def find_windows_compiler_ninja_paths():
         ]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_compiler_bundled_packages():
+    def find_windows_compiler_bundled_packages() -> List[str]:
         """Return all MSVC compiler bundled packages"""
         return (
             WindowsCompilerExternalPaths.find_windows_compiler_cmake_paths()
@@ -266,14 +299,15 @@ def find_windows_compiler_bundled_packages():
 
 
 class WindowsKitExternalPaths:
+    plat_major_ver = None
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         plat_major_ver = str(winOs.windows_version()[0])
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_kit_roots():
+    def find_windows_kit_roots() -> Optional[str]:
         """Return Windows kit root, typically %programfiles%\\Windows Kits\\10|11\\"""
         if sys.platform != "win32":
-            return []
+            return None
         program_files = os.environ["PROGRAMFILES(x86)"]
         kit_base = os.path.join(
             program_files, "Windows Kits", WindowsKitExternalPaths.plat_major_ver
@@ -281,21 +315,23 @@ def find_windows_kit_roots():
         return kit_base
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_kit_bin_paths(kit_base=None):
+    def find_windows_kit_bin_paths(kit_base: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
         """Returns Windows kit bin directory per version"""
         kit_base = WindowsKitExternalPaths.find_windows_kit_roots() if not kit_base else kit_base
+        assert kit_base is not None, "unexpected value for kit_base"
         kit_bin = os.path.join(kit_base, "bin")
         return glob.glob(os.path.join(kit_bin, "[0-9]*", "*\\"))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_kit_lib_paths(kit_base=None):
+    def find_windows_kit_lib_paths(kit_base: Optional[str] = None) -> List[str]:
         """Returns Windows kit lib directory per version"""
         kit_base = WindowsKitExternalPaths.find_windows_kit_roots() if not kit_base else kit_base
+        assert kit_base is not None, "unexpected value for kit_base"
         kit_lib = os.path.join(kit_base, "Lib")
         return glob.glob(os.path.join(kit_lib, "[0-9]*", "*", "*\\"))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_driver_development_kit_paths():
+    def find_windows_driver_development_kit_paths() -> List[str]:
         """Provides a list of all installation paths
         for the WDK by version and architecture
         """
@@ -303,7 +339,7 @@ def find_windows_driver_development_kit_paths():
         return WindowsKitExternalPaths.find_windows_kit_lib_paths(wdk_content_root)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_kit_reg_installed_roots_paths():
+    def find_windows_kit_reg_installed_roots_paths() -> List[str]:
         reg = spack.util.windows_registry.WindowsRegistryView(
             "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows Kits\\Installed Roots",
             root_key=spack.util.windows_registry.HKEY.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
@@ -316,7 +352,7 @@ def find_windows_kit_reg_installed_roots_paths():
         )
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_windows_kit_reg_sdk_paths():
+    def find_windows_kit_reg_sdk_paths() -> List[str]:
         reg = spack.util.windows_registry.WindowsRegistryView(
             "SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Microsoft\\Microsoft SDKs\\Windows\\v%s.0"
             % WindowsKitExternalPaths.plat_major_ver,
@@ -330,7 +366,7 @@ def find_windows_kit_reg_sdk_paths():
         )
 
 
-def find_win32_additional_install_paths():
+def find_win32_additional_install_paths() -> List[str]:
     """Not all programs on Windows live on the PATH
     Return a list of other potential install locations.
     """
@@ -357,13 +393,12 @@ def find_win32_additional_install_paths():
     return windows_search_ext
 
 
-def compute_windows_program_path_for_package(pkg):
-    """Given a package, attempt to compute its Windows
-    program files location, return list of best guesses
+def compute_windows_program_path_for_package(pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> List[str]:
+    """Given a package, attempts to compute its Windows program files location,
+    and returns the list of best guesses.
 
     Args:
-        pkg (spack.package_base.PackageBase): package for which
-                           Program Files location is to be computed
+        pkg: package for which Program Files location is to be computed
     """
     if sys.platform != "win32":
         return []
@@ -378,7 +413,7 @@ def compute_windows_program_path_for_package(pkg):
     ]
 
 
-def compute_windows_user_path_for_package(pkg):
+def compute_windows_user_path_for_package(pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> List[str]:
     """Given a package attempt to compute its user scoped
     install location, return list of potential locations based
     on common heuristics. For more info on Windows user specific

lib/spack/spack/detection/path.py

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@
 and running executables.
 """
 import collections
+import concurrent.futures
 import os
 import os.path
 import re
 import sys
 import warnings
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem
 import llnl.util.tty
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@
 import spack.util.environment
 import spack.util.ld_so_conf
 
-from .common import (  # find_windows_compiler_bundled_packages,
+from .common import (
     DetectedPackage,
     WindowsCompilerExternalPaths,
     WindowsKitExternalPaths,
@@ -31,8 +33,13 @@
     path_to_dict,
 )
 
+#: Timeout used for package detection (seconds)
+DETECTION_TIMEOUT = 60
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    DETECTION_TIMEOUT = 120
 
-def common_windows_package_paths():
+
+def common_windows_package_paths() -> List[str]:
     paths = WindowsCompilerExternalPaths.find_windows_compiler_bundled_packages()
     paths.extend(find_win32_additional_install_paths())
     paths.extend(WindowsKitExternalPaths.find_windows_kit_bin_paths())
@@ -41,7 +48,7 @@ def common_windows_package_paths():
     return paths
 
 
-def executables_in_path(path_hints):
+def executables_in_path(path_hints: List[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
     """Get the paths of all executables available from the current PATH.
 
     For convenience, this is constructed as a dictionary where the keys are
@@ -52,7 +59,7 @@ def executables_in_path(path_hints):
     assumed there are two different instances of the executable.
 
     Args:
-        path_hints (list): list of paths to be searched. If None the list will be
+        path_hints: list of paths to be searched. If None the list will be
             constructed based on the PATH environment variable.
     """
     if sys.platform == "win32":
@@ -61,7 +68,9 @@ def executables_in_path(path_hints):
     return path_to_dict(search_paths)
 
 
-def libraries_in_ld_and_system_library_path(path_hints=None):
+def libraries_in_ld_and_system_library_path(
+    path_hints: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, str]:
     """Get the paths of all libraries available from LD_LIBRARY_PATH,
     LIBRARY_PATH, DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH, DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH, and
     standard system library paths.
@@ -74,7 +83,7 @@ def libraries_in_ld_and_system_library_path(path_hints=None):
     assumed there are two different instances of the library.
 
     Args:
-        path_hints (list): list of paths to be searched. If None the list will be
+        path_hints: list of paths to be searched. If None the list will be
             constructed based on the set of LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LIBRARY_PATH,
             DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH, and DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH environment
             variables as well as the standard system library paths.
@@ -90,7 +99,7 @@ def libraries_in_ld_and_system_library_path(path_hints=None):
     return path_to_dict(search_paths)
 
 
-def libraries_in_windows_paths(path_hints):
+def libraries_in_windows_paths(path_hints: List[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
     path_hints.extend(spack.util.environment.get_path("PATH"))
     search_paths = llnl.util.filesystem.search_paths_for_libraries(*path_hints)
     # on Windows, some libraries (.dlls) are found in the bin directory or sometimes
@@ -106,218 +115,250 @@ def libraries_in_windows_paths(path_hints):
     return path_to_dict(search_paths)
 
 
-def _group_by_prefix(paths):
+def _group_by_prefix(paths: Set[str]) -> Dict[str, Set[str]]:
     groups = collections.defaultdict(set)
     for p in paths:
         groups[os.path.dirname(p)].add(p)
-    return groups.items()
+    return groups
 
 
-# TODO consolidate this with by_executable
-# Packages should be able to define both .libraries and .executables in the future
-# determine_spec_details should get all relevant libraries and executables in one call
-def by_library(packages_to_check, path_hints=None):
-    # Techniques for finding libraries is determined on a per recipe basis in
-    # the determine_version class method. Some packages will extract the
-    # version number from a shared libraries filename.
-    # Other libraries could use the strings function to extract it as described
-    # in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/58846/viewing-linux-library-executable-version-info
-    """Return the list of packages that have been detected on the system,
-    searching by LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LIBRARY_PATH, DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH,
-    DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH, and standard system library paths.
+class Finder:
+    """Inspects the file-system looking for packages. Guesses places where to look using PATH."""
 
-    Args:
-        packages_to_check (list): list of packages to be detected
-        path_hints (list): list of paths to be searched. If None the list will be
-            constructed based on the LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LIBRARY_PATH,
-            DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH, DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables
-            and standard system library paths.
-    """
-    # If no path hints from command line, intialize to empty list so
-    # we can add default hints on a per package basis
-    path_hints = [] if path_hints is None else path_hints
+    def path_hints(
+        self, *, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase", initial_guess: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    ) -> List[str]:
+        """Returns the list of paths to be searched.
 
-    lib_pattern_to_pkgs = collections.defaultdict(list)
-    for pkg in packages_to_check:
-        if hasattr(pkg, "libraries"):
-            for lib in pkg.libraries:
-                lib_pattern_to_pkgs[lib].append(pkg)
-        path_hints.extend(compute_windows_user_path_for_package(pkg))
-        path_hints.extend(compute_windows_program_path_for_package(pkg))
+        Args:
+            pkg: package being detected
+            initial_guess: initial list of paths from caller
+        """
+        result = initial_guess or []
+        result.extend(compute_windows_user_path_for_package(pkg))
+        result.extend(compute_windows_program_path_for_package(pkg))
+        return result
 
-    path_to_lib_name = (
-        libraries_in_ld_and_system_library_path(path_hints=path_hints)
-        if sys.platform != "win32"
-        else libraries_in_windows_paths(path_hints)
-    )
+    def search_patterns(self, *, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> List[str]:
+        """Returns the list of patterns used to match candidate files.
 
-    pkg_to_found_libs = collections.defaultdict(set)
-    for lib_pattern, pkgs in lib_pattern_to_pkgs.items():
-        compiled_re = re.compile(lib_pattern)
-        for path, lib in path_to_lib_name.items():
-            if compiled_re.search(lib):
-                for pkg in pkgs:
-                    pkg_to_found_libs[pkg].add(path)
+        Args:
+            pkg: package being detected
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("must be implemented by derived classes")
 
-    pkg_to_entries = collections.defaultdict(list)
-    resolved_specs = {}  # spec -> lib found for the spec
+    def candidate_files(self, *, patterns: List[str], paths: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+        """Returns a list of candidate files found on the system.
 
-    for pkg, libs in pkg_to_found_libs.items():
+        Args:
+            patterns: search patterns to be used for matching files
+            paths: paths where to search for files
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("must be implemented by derived classes")
+
+    def prefix_from_path(self, *, path: str) -> str:
+        """Given a path where a file was found, returns the corresponding prefix.
+
+        Args:
+            path: path of a detected file
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("must be implemented by derived classes")
+
+    def detect_specs(
+        self, *, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase", paths: List[str]
+    ) -> List[DetectedPackage]:
+        """Given a list of files matching the search patterns, returns a list of detected specs.
+
+        Args:
+            pkg: package being detected
+            paths: files matching the package search patterns
+        """
         if not hasattr(pkg, "determine_spec_details"):
-            llnl.util.tty.warn(
-                "{0} must define 'determine_spec_details' in order"
-                " for Spack to detect externally-provided instances"
-                " of the package.".format(pkg.name)
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"{pkg.name} must define 'determine_spec_details' in order"
+                f" for Spack to detect externally-provided instances"
+                f" of the package."
             )
-            continue
+            return []
 
-        for prefix, libs_in_prefix in sorted(_group_by_prefix(libs)):
-            try:
-                specs = _convert_to_iterable(pkg.determine_spec_details(prefix, libs_in_prefix))
-            except Exception as e:
-                specs = []
-                msg = 'error detecting "{0}" from prefix {1} [{2}]'
-                warnings.warn(msg.format(pkg.name, prefix, str(e)))
-
-            if not specs:
-                llnl.util.tty.debug(
-                    "The following libraries in {0} were decidedly not "
-                    "part of the package {1}: {2}".format(
-                        prefix, pkg.name, ", ".join(_convert_to_iterable(libs_in_prefix))
-                    )
-                )
-
-            for spec in specs:
-                pkg_prefix = library_prefix(prefix)
-
-                if not pkg_prefix:
-                    msg = "no lib/ or lib64/ dir found in {0}. Cannot "
-                    "add it as a Spack package"
-                    llnl.util.tty.debug(msg.format(prefix))
-                    continue
-
-                if spec in resolved_specs:
-                    prior_prefix = ", ".join(_convert_to_iterable(resolved_specs[spec]))
-
-                    llnl.util.tty.debug(
-                        "Libraries in {0} and {1} are both associated"
-                        " with the same spec {2}".format(prefix, prior_prefix, str(spec))
-                    )
-                    continue
-                else:
-                    resolved_specs[spec] = prefix
-
-                try:
-                    spec.validate_detection()
-                except Exception as e:
-                    msg = (
-                        '"{0}" has been detected on the system but will '
-                        "not be added to packages.yaml [reason={1}]"
-                    )
-                    llnl.util.tty.warn(msg.format(spec, str(e)))
-                    continue
-
-                if spec.external_path:
-                    pkg_prefix = spec.external_path
-
-                pkg_to_entries[pkg.name].append(DetectedPackage(spec=spec, prefix=pkg_prefix))
-
-    return pkg_to_entries
-
-
-def by_executable(packages_to_check, path_hints=None):
-    """Return the list of packages that have been detected on the system,
-    searching by path.
-
-    Args:
-        packages_to_check (list): list of package classes to be detected
-        path_hints (list): list of paths to be searched. If None the list will be
-            constructed based on the PATH environment variable.
-    """
-    path_hints = spack.util.environment.get_path("PATH") if path_hints is None else path_hints
-    exe_pattern_to_pkgs = collections.defaultdict(list)
-    for pkg in packages_to_check:
-        if hasattr(pkg, "executables"):
-            for exe in pkg.platform_executables():
-                exe_pattern_to_pkgs[exe].append(pkg)
-        # Add Windows specific, package related paths to the search paths
-        path_hints.extend(compute_windows_user_path_for_package(pkg))
-        path_hints.extend(compute_windows_program_path_for_package(pkg))
-
-    path_to_exe_name = executables_in_path(path_hints=path_hints)
-    pkg_to_found_exes = collections.defaultdict(set)
-    for exe_pattern, pkgs in exe_pattern_to_pkgs.items():
-        compiled_re = re.compile(exe_pattern)
-        for path, exe in path_to_exe_name.items():
-            if compiled_re.search(exe):
-                for pkg in pkgs:
-                    pkg_to_found_exes[pkg].add(path)
-
-    pkg_to_entries = collections.defaultdict(list)
-    resolved_specs = {}  # spec -> exe found for the spec
-
-    for pkg, exes in pkg_to_found_exes.items():
-        if not hasattr(pkg, "determine_spec_details"):
-            llnl.util.tty.warn(
-                "{0} must define 'determine_spec_details' in order"
-                " for Spack to detect externally-provided instances"
-                " of the package.".format(pkg.name)
-            )
-            continue
-
-        for prefix, exes_in_prefix in sorted(_group_by_prefix(exes)):
+        result = []
+        for candidate_path, items_in_prefix in sorted(_group_by_prefix(set(paths)).items()):
             # TODO: multiple instances of a package can live in the same
             # prefix, and a package implementation can return multiple specs
             # for one prefix, but without additional details (e.g. about the
             # naming scheme which differentiates them), the spec won't be
             # usable.
             try:
-                specs = _convert_to_iterable(pkg.determine_spec_details(prefix, exes_in_prefix))
+                specs = _convert_to_iterable(
+                    pkg.determine_spec_details(candidate_path, items_in_prefix)
+                )
             except Exception as e:
                 specs = []
-                msg = 'error detecting "{0}" from prefix {1} [{2}]'
-                warnings.warn(msg.format(pkg.name, prefix, str(e)))
-
-            if not specs:
-                llnl.util.tty.debug(
-                    "The following executables in {0} were decidedly not "
-                    "part of the package {1}: {2}".format(
-                        prefix, pkg.name, ", ".join(_convert_to_iterable(exes_in_prefix))
-                    )
+                warnings.warn(
+                    f'error detecting "{pkg.name}" from prefix {candidate_path} [{str(e)}]'
                 )
 
-            for spec in specs:
-                pkg_prefix = executable_prefix(prefix)
+            if not specs:
+                files = ", ".join(_convert_to_iterable(items_in_prefix))
+                llnl.util.tty.debug(
+                    f"The following files in {candidate_path} were decidedly not "
+                    f"part of the package {pkg.name}: {files}"
+                )
 
-                if not pkg_prefix:
-                    msg = "no bin/ dir found in {0}. Cannot add it as a Spack package"
-                    llnl.util.tty.debug(msg.format(prefix))
+            resolved_specs: Dict[spack.spec.Spec, str] = {}  # spec -> exe found for the spec
+            for spec in specs:
+                prefix = self.prefix_from_path(path=candidate_path)
+                if not prefix:
                     continue
 
                 if spec in resolved_specs:
                     prior_prefix = ", ".join(_convert_to_iterable(resolved_specs[spec]))
-
                     llnl.util.tty.debug(
-                        "Executables in {0} and {1} are both associated"
-                        " with the same spec {2}".format(prefix, prior_prefix, str(spec))
+                        f"Files in {candidate_path} and {prior_prefix} are both associated"
+                        f" with the same spec {str(spec)}"
                     )
                     continue
-                else:
-                    resolved_specs[spec] = prefix
 
+                resolved_specs[spec] = candidate_path
                 try:
                     spec.validate_detection()
                 except Exception as e:
                     msg = (
-                        '"{0}" has been detected on the system but will '
-                        "not be added to packages.yaml [reason={1}]"
+                        f'"{spec}" has been detected on the system but will '
+                        f"not be added to packages.yaml [reason={str(e)}]"
                     )
-                    llnl.util.tty.warn(msg.format(spec, str(e)))
+                    warnings.warn(msg)
                     continue
 
                 if spec.external_path:
-                    pkg_prefix = spec.external_path
+                    prefix = spec.external_path
 
-                pkg_to_entries[pkg.name].append(DetectedPackage(spec=spec, prefix=pkg_prefix))
+                result.append(DetectedPackage(spec=spec, prefix=prefix))
 
-    return pkg_to_entries
+        return result
+
+    def find(
+        self, *, pkg_name: str, initial_guess: Optional[List[str]] = None
+    ) -> List[DetectedPackage]:
+        """For a given package, returns a list of detected specs.
+
+        Args:
+            pkg_name: package being detected
+            initial_guess: initial list of paths to search from the caller
+        """
+        import spack.repo
+
+        pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
+        patterns = self.search_patterns(pkg=pkg_cls)
+        if not patterns:
+            return []
+        path_hints = self.path_hints(pkg=pkg_cls, initial_guess=initial_guess)
+        candidates = self.candidate_files(patterns=patterns, paths=path_hints)
+        result = self.detect_specs(pkg=pkg_cls, paths=candidates)
+        return result
+
+
+class ExecutablesFinder(Finder):
+    def search_patterns(self, *, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> List[str]:
+        result = []
+        if hasattr(pkg, "executables") and hasattr(pkg, "platform_executables"):
+            result = pkg.platform_executables()
+        return result
+
+    def candidate_files(self, *, patterns: List[str], paths: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+        executables_by_path = executables_in_path(path_hints=paths)
+        patterns = [re.compile(x) for x in patterns]
+        result = []
+        for compiled_re in patterns:
+            for path, exe in executables_by_path.items():
+                if compiled_re.search(exe):
+                    result.append(path)
+        return list(sorted(set(result)))
+
+    def prefix_from_path(self, *, path: str) -> str:
+        result = executable_prefix(path)
+        if not result:
+            msg = f"no bin/ dir found in {path}. Cannot add it as a Spack package"
+            llnl.util.tty.debug(msg)
+        return result
+
+
+class LibrariesFinder(Finder):
+    """Finds libraries on the system, searching by LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LIBRARY_PATH,
+    DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH, DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH, and standard system library paths
+    """
+
+    def search_patterns(self, *, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> List[str]:
+        result = []
+        if hasattr(pkg, "libraries"):
+            result = pkg.libraries
+        return result
+
+    def candidate_files(self, *, patterns: List[str], paths: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+        libraries_by_path = (
+            libraries_in_ld_and_system_library_path(path_hints=paths)
+            if sys.platform != "win32"
+            else libraries_in_windows_paths(paths)
+        )
+        patterns = [re.compile(x) for x in patterns]
+        result = []
+        for compiled_re in patterns:
+            for path, exe in libraries_by_path.items():
+                if compiled_re.search(exe):
+                    result.append(path)
+        return result
+
+    def prefix_from_path(self, *, path: str) -> str:
+        result = library_prefix(path)
+        if not result:
+            msg = f"no lib/ or lib64/ dir found in {path}. Cannot add it as a Spack package"
+            llnl.util.tty.debug(msg)
+        return result
+
+
+def by_path(
+    packages_to_search: List[str],
+    *,
+    path_hints: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+    max_workers: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> Dict[str, List[DetectedPackage]]:
+    """Return the list of packages that have been detected on the system,
+    searching by path.
+
+    Args:
+        packages_to_search: list of package classes to be detected
+        path_hints: initial list of paths to be searched
+    """
+    # TODO: Packages should be able to define both .libraries and .executables in the future
+    # TODO: determine_spec_details should get all relevant libraries and executables in one call
+    executables_finder, libraries_finder = ExecutablesFinder(), LibrariesFinder()
+
+    executables_path_guess = (
+        spack.util.environment.get_path("PATH") if path_hints is None else path_hints
+    )
+    libraries_path_guess = [] if path_hints is None else path_hints
+    detected_specs_by_package: Dict[str, Tuple[concurrent.futures.Future, ...]] = {}
+
+    result = collections.defaultdict(list)
+    with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=max_workers) as executor:
+        for pkg in packages_to_search:
+            executable_future = executor.submit(
+                executables_finder.find, pkg_name=pkg, initial_guess=executables_path_guess
+            )
+            library_future = executor.submit(
+                libraries_finder.find, pkg_name=pkg, initial_guess=libraries_path_guess
+            )
+            detected_specs_by_package[pkg] = executable_future, library_future
+
+        for pkg_name, futures in detected_specs_by_package.items():
+            for future in futures:
+                try:
+                    detected = future.result(timeout=DETECTION_TIMEOUT)
+                    if detected:
+                        result[pkg_name].extend(detected)
+                except Exception:
+                    llnl.util.tty.debug(
+                        f"[EXTERNAL DETECTION] Skipping {pkg_name}: timeout reached"
+                    )
+
+    return result

lib/spack/spack/directives.py

@@ -38,12 +38,14 @@ class OpenMpi(Package):
 import llnl.util.lang
 import llnl.util.tty.color
 
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.patch
 import spack.spec
 import spack.url
+import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.variant
-from spack.dependency import Dependency, canonical_deptype, default_deptype
+from spack.dependency import Dependency
 from spack.fetch_strategy import from_kwargs
 from spack.resource import Resource
 from spack.version import (
@@ -407,10 +409,7 @@ def version(
 
 def _execute_version(pkg, ver, **kwargs):
     if (
-        any(
-            s in kwargs
-            for s in ("sha256", "sha384", "sha512", "md5", "sha1", "sha224", "checksum")
-        )
+        (any(s in kwargs for s in spack.util.crypto.hashes) or "checksum" in kwargs)
         and hasattr(pkg, "has_code")
         and not pkg.has_code
     ):
@@ -438,7 +437,7 @@ def _execute_version(pkg, ver, **kwargs):
     pkg.versions[version] = kwargs
 
 
-def _depends_on(pkg, spec, when=None, type=default_deptype, patches=None):
+def _depends_on(pkg, spec, when=None, type=dt.DEFAULT_TYPES, patches=None):
     when_spec = make_when_spec(when)
     if not when_spec:
         return
@@ -449,7 +448,7 @@ def _depends_on(pkg, spec, when=None, type=default_deptype, patches=None):
     if pkg.name == dep_spec.name:
         raise CircularReferenceError("Package '%s' cannot depend on itself." % pkg.name)
 
-    type = canonical_deptype(type)
+    depflag = dt.canonicalize(type)
     conditions = pkg.dependencies.setdefault(dep_spec.name, {})
 
     # call this patches here for clarity -- we want patch to be a list,
@@ -479,12 +478,12 @@ def _depends_on(pkg, spec, when=None, type=default_deptype, patches=None):
 
     # this is where we actually add the dependency to this package
     if when_spec not in conditions:
-        dependency = Dependency(pkg, dep_spec, type=type)
+        dependency = Dependency(pkg, dep_spec, depflag=depflag)
         conditions[when_spec] = dependency
     else:
         dependency = conditions[when_spec]
         dependency.spec.constrain(dep_spec, deps=False)
-        dependency.type |= set(type)
+        dependency.depflag |= depflag
 
     # apply patches to the dependency
     for execute_patch in patches:
@@ -527,7 +526,7 @@ def _execute_conflicts(pkg):
 
 
 @directive(("dependencies"))
-def depends_on(spec, when=None, type=default_deptype, patches=None):
+def depends_on(spec, when=None, type=dt.DEFAULT_TYPES, patches=None):
     """Creates a dict of deps with specs defining when they apply.
 
     Args:
@@ -760,7 +759,7 @@ def _execute_variant(pkg):
         when_spec = make_when_spec(when)
         when_specs = [when_spec]
 
-        if not re.match(spack.spec.identifier_re, name):
+        if not re.match(spack.spec.IDENTIFIER_RE, name):
             directive = "variant"
             msg = "Invalid variant name in {0}: '{1}'"
             raise DirectiveError(directive, msg.format(pkg.name, name))

lib/spack/spack/environment/depfile.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import List, Optional
 
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.environment.environment as ev
 import spack.spec
 import spack.traverse as traverse
@@ -36,7 +37,9 @@ def from_string(s: str) -> "UseBuildCache":
 def _deptypes(use_buildcache: UseBuildCache):
     """What edges should we follow for a given node? If it's a cache-only
     node, then we can drop build type deps."""
-    return ("link", "run") if use_buildcache == UseBuildCache.ONLY else ("build", "link", "run")
+    return (
+        dt.LINK | dt.RUN if use_buildcache == UseBuildCache.ONLY else dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN
+    )
 
 
 class DepfileNode:
@@ -69,13 +72,13 @@ def __init__(self, pkg_buildcache: UseBuildCache, deps_buildcache: UseBuildCache
         self.adjacency_list: List[DepfileNode] = []
         self.pkg_buildcache = pkg_buildcache
         self.deps_buildcache = deps_buildcache
-        self.deptypes_root = _deptypes(pkg_buildcache)
-        self.deptypes_deps = _deptypes(deps_buildcache)
+        self.depflag_root = _deptypes(pkg_buildcache)
+        self.depflag_deps = _deptypes(deps_buildcache)
 
     def neighbors(self, node):
         """Produce a list of spec to follow from node"""
-        deptypes = self.deptypes_root if node.depth == 0 else self.deptypes_deps
-        return traverse.sort_edges(node.edge.spec.edges_to_dependencies(deptype=deptypes))
+        depflag = self.depflag_root if node.depth == 0 else self.depflag_deps
+        return traverse.sort_edges(node.edge.spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=depflag))
 
     def accept(self, node):
         self.adjacency_list.append(

lib/spack/spack/environment/environment.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.concretize
 import spack.config
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.fetch_strategy
 import spack.hash_types as ht
@@ -1504,7 +1505,7 @@ def _concretize_separately(self, tests=False):
         start = time.time()
         max_processes = min(
             len(arguments),  # Number of specs
-            spack.config.get("config:build_jobs"),  # Cap on build jobs
+            spack.util.cpus.determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=True),
         )
 
         # TODO: revisit this print as soon as darwin is parallel too
@@ -1536,13 +1537,13 @@ def _concretize_separately(self, tests=False):
             for h in self.specs_by_hash:
                 current_spec, computed_spec = self.specs_by_hash[h], by_hash[h]
                 for node in computed_spec.traverse():
-                    test_edges = node.edges_to_dependencies(deptype="test")
+                    test_edges = node.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=dt.TEST)
                     for current_edge in test_edges:
                         test_dependency = current_edge.spec
                         if test_dependency in current_spec[node.name]:
                             continue
                         current_spec[node.name].add_dependency_edge(
-                            test_dependency.copy(), deptypes="test", virtuals=current_edge.virtuals
+                            test_dependency.copy(), depflag=dt.TEST, virtuals=current_edge.virtuals
                         )
 
         results = [
@@ -2058,7 +2059,7 @@ def matching_spec(self, spec):
         # If multiple root specs match, it is assumed that the abstract
         # spec will most-succinctly summarize the difference between them
         # (and the user can enter one of these to disambiguate)
-        fmt_str = "{hash:7}  " + spack.spec.default_format
+        fmt_str = "{hash:7}  " + spack.spec.DEFAULT_FORMAT
         color = clr.get_color_when()
         match_strings = [
             f"Root spec {abstract.format(color=color)}\n  {concrete.format(fmt_str, color=color)}"
@@ -2190,7 +2191,7 @@ def _read_lockfile_dict(self, d):
             name, data = reader.name_and_data(node_dict)
             for _, dep_hash, deptypes, _, virtuals in reader.dependencies_from_node_dict(data):
                 specs_by_hash[lockfile_key]._add_dependency(
-                    specs_by_hash[dep_hash], deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals
+                    specs_by_hash[dep_hash], depflag=dt.canonicalize(deptypes), virtuals=virtuals
                 )
 
         # Traverse the root specs one at a time in the order they appear.
@@ -2366,7 +2367,7 @@ def display_specs(concretized_specs):
     def _tree_to_display(spec):
         return spec.tree(
             recurse_dependencies=True,
-            format=spack.spec.display_format,
+            format=spack.spec.DISPLAY_FORMAT,
             status_fn=spack.spec.Spec.install_status,
             hashlen=7,
             hashes=True,
@@ -2664,6 +2665,26 @@ def __init__(self, manifest_dir: Union[pathlib.Path, str]) -> None:
         self.yaml_content = with_defaults_added
         self.changed = False
 
+    def _all_matches(self, user_spec: str) -> List[str]:
+        """Maps the input string to the first equivalent user spec in the manifest,
+        and returns it.
+
+        Args:
+            user_spec: user spec to be found
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: if no equivalent match is found
+        """
+        result = []
+        for yaml_spec_str in self.pristine_configuration["specs"]:
+            if Spec(yaml_spec_str) == Spec(user_spec):
+                result.append(yaml_spec_str)
+
+        if not result:
+            raise ValueError(f"cannot find a spec equivalent to {user_spec}")
+
+        return result
+
     def add_user_spec(self, user_spec: str) -> None:
         """Appends the user spec passed as input to the list of root specs.
 
@@ -2684,8 +2705,9 @@ def remove_user_spec(self, user_spec: str) -> None:
             SpackEnvironmentError: when the user spec is not in the list
         """
         try:
-            self.pristine_configuration["specs"].remove(user_spec)
-            self.configuration["specs"].remove(user_spec)
+            for key in self._all_matches(user_spec):
+                self.pristine_configuration["specs"].remove(key)
+                self.configuration["specs"].remove(key)
         except ValueError as e:
             msg = f"cannot remove {user_spec} from {self}, no such spec exists"
             raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg) from e

lib/spack/spack/environment/shell.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def activate_header(env, shell, prompt=None):
         # TODO: despacktivate
         # TODO: prompt
     elif shell == "pwsh":
-        cmds += "$Env:SPACK_ENV=%s\n" % env.path
+        cmds += "$Env:SPACK_ENV='%s'\n" % env.path
     else:
         if "color" in os.getenv("TERM", "") and prompt:
             prompt = colorize("@G{%s}" % prompt, color=True, enclose=True)
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def deactivate_header(shell):
         # TODO: despacktivate
         # TODO: prompt
     elif shell == "pwsh":
-        cmds += "Remove-Item Env:SPACK_ENV"
+        cmds += "Set-Item -Path Env:SPACK_ENV\n"
     else:
         cmds += "if [ ! -z ${SPACK_ENV+x} ]; then\n"
         cmds += "unset SPACK_ENV; export SPACK_ENV;\n"

lib/spack/spack/fetch_strategy.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import urllib.parse
 from typing import List, Optional
 
+import llnl.url
 import llnl.util
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@
 import spack.util.web as web_util
 import spack.version
 import spack.version.git_ref_lookup
-from spack.util.compression import decompressor_for, extension_from_path
+from spack.util.compression import decompressor_for
 from spack.util.executable import CommandNotFoundError, which
 from spack.util.string import comma_and, quote
 
@@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ def expand(self):
 
         # TODO: replace this by mime check.
         if not self.extension:
-            self.extension = spack.url.determine_url_file_extension(self.url)
+            self.extension = llnl.url.determine_url_file_extension(self.url)
 
         if self.stage.expanded:
             tty.debug("Source already staged to %s" % self.stage.source_path)
@@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ def expand(self):
 
     @_needs_stage
     def archive(self, destination, **kwargs):
-        assert extension_from_path(destination) == "tar.gz"
+        assert llnl.url.extension_from_path(destination) == "tar.gz"
         assert self.stage.source_path.startswith(self.stage.path)
 
         tar = which("tar", required=True)

lib/spack/spack/filesystem_view.py

@@ -590,9 +590,9 @@ def print_status(self, *specs, **kwargs):
                     print()
 
                 header = "%s{%s} / %s{%s}" % (
-                    spack.spec.architecture_color,
+                    spack.spec.ARCHITECTURE_COLOR,
                     architecture,
-                    spack.spec.compiler_color,
+                    spack.spec.COMPILER_COLOR,
                     compiler,
                 )
                 tty.hline(colorize(header), char="-")

lib/spack/spack/gcs_handler.py

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-import urllib.parse
-import urllib.response
-from urllib.error import URLError
-from urllib.request import BaseHandler
-
-
-def gcs_open(req, *args, **kwargs):
-    """Open a reader stream to a blob object on GCS"""
-    import spack.util.gcs as gcs_util
-
-    url = urllib.parse.urlparse(req.get_full_url())
-    gcsblob = gcs_util.GCSBlob(url)
-
-    if not gcsblob.exists():
-        raise URLError("GCS blob {0} does not exist".format(gcsblob.blob_path))
-    stream = gcsblob.get_blob_byte_stream()
-    headers = gcsblob.get_blob_headers()
-
-    return urllib.response.addinfourl(stream, headers, url)
-
-
-class GCSHandler(BaseHandler):
-    def gs_open(self, req):
-        return gcs_open(req)

lib/spack/spack/graph.py

@@ -38,11 +38,12 @@
 """
 import enum
 import sys
-from typing import List, Optional, Set, TextIO, Tuple, Union
+from typing import List, Optional, Set, TextIO, Tuple
 
 import llnl.util.tty.color
 
-import spack.dependency
+import spack.deptypes as dt
+import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.tengine
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self.node_character = "o"
         self.debug = False
         self.indent = 0
-        self.deptype = spack.dependency.all_deptypes
+        self.depflag = dt.ALL
 
         # These are colors in the order they'll be used for edges.
         # See llnl.util.tty.color for details on color characters.
@@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ def write(self, spec, color=None, out=None):
         nodes_in_topological_order = [
             edge.spec
             for edge in spack.traverse.traverse_edges_topo(
-                [spec], direction="children", deptype=self.deptype
+                [spec], direction="children", deptype=self.depflag
             )
         ]
         nodes_in_topological_order.reverse()
@@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ def write(self, spec, color=None, out=None):
 
                 # Replace node with its dependencies
                 self._frontier.pop(i)
-                edges = sorted(node.edges_to_dependencies(deptype=self.deptype), reverse=True)
+                edges = sorted(node.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=self.depflag), reverse=True)
                 if edges:
                     deps = [e.spec.dag_hash() for e in edges]
                     self._connect_deps(i, deps, "new-deps")  # anywhere.
@@ -433,13 +434,14 @@ def write(self, spec, color=None, out=None):
                     self._collapse_line(i)
 
 
-def graph_ascii(spec, node="o", out=None, debug=False, indent=0, color=None, deptype="all"):
+def graph_ascii(
+    spec, node="o", out=None, debug=False, indent=0, color=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL
+):
     graph = AsciiGraph()
     graph.debug = debug
     graph.indent = indent
     graph.node_character = node
-    if deptype:
-        graph.deptype = spack.dependency.canonical_deptype(deptype)
+    graph.depflag = depflag
 
     graph.write(spec, color=color, out=out)
 
@@ -513,7 +515,7 @@ def __init__(self):
 
     def visit(self, edge):
         if edge.parent is None:
-            for node in spack.traverse.traverse_nodes([edge.spec], deptype=("link", "run")):
+            for node in spack.traverse.traverse_nodes([edge.spec], deptype=dt.LINK | dt.RUN):
                 self.main_unified_space.add(node.dag_hash())
         super().visit(edge)
 
@@ -533,36 +535,34 @@ def edge_entry(self, edge):
         )
 
 
-def _static_edges(specs, deptype):
+def _static_edges(specs, depflag):
     for spec in specs:
         pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(spec.name)
-        possible = pkg_cls.possible_dependencies(expand_virtuals=True, deptype=deptype)
+        possible = pkg_cls.possible_dependencies(expand_virtuals=True, depflag=depflag)
 
         for parent_name, dependencies in possible.items():
             for dependency_name in dependencies:
                 yield spack.spec.DependencySpec(
                     spack.spec.Spec(parent_name),
                     spack.spec.Spec(dependency_name),
-                    deptypes=deptype,
+                    depflag=depflag,
                     virtuals=(),
                 )
 
 
 def static_graph_dot(
-    specs: List[spack.spec.Spec],
-    deptype: Optional[Union[str, Tuple[str, ...]]] = "all",
-    out: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    specs: List[spack.spec.Spec], depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL, out: Optional[TextIO] = None
 ):
     """Static DOT graph with edges to all possible dependencies.
 
     Args:
         specs: abstract specs to be represented
-        deptype: dependency types to consider
+        depflag: dependency types to consider
         out: optional output stream. If None sys.stdout is used
     """
     out = out or sys.stdout
     builder = StaticDag()
-    for edge in _static_edges(specs, deptype):
+    for edge in _static_edges(specs, depflag):
         builder.visit(edge)
     out.write(builder.render())
 
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ def static_graph_dot(
 def graph_dot(
     specs: List[spack.spec.Spec],
     builder: Optional[DotGraphBuilder] = None,
-    deptype: spack.dependency.DependencyArgument = "all",
+    depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL,
     out: Optional[TextIO] = None,
 ):
     """DOT graph of the concrete specs passed as input.
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ def graph_dot(
     Args:
         specs: specs to be represented
         builder: builder to use to render the graph
-        deptype: dependency types to consider
+        depflag: dependency types to consider
         out: optional output stream. If None sys.stdout is used
     """
     if not specs:
@@ -587,10 +587,9 @@ def graph_dot(
     if out is None:
         out = sys.stdout
 
-    deptype = spack.dependency.canonical_deptype(deptype)
     builder = builder or SimpleDAG()
     for edge in spack.traverse.traverse_edges(
-        specs, cover="edges", order="breadth", deptype=deptype
+        specs, cover="edges", order="breadth", deptype=depflag
     ):
         builder.visit(edge)
 

lib/spack/spack/hash_types.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 """Definitions that control how Spack creates Spec hashes."""
 
-import spack.dependency as dp
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.repo
 
 hashes = []
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ class SpecHashDescriptor:
 
     We currently use different hashes for different use cases."""
 
-    def __init__(self, deptype, package_hash, name, override=None):
-        self.deptype = dp.canonical_deptype(deptype)
+    def __init__(self, depflag: dt.DepFlag, package_hash, name, override=None):
+        self.depflag = depflag
         self.package_hash = package_hash
         self.name = name
         hashes.append(self)
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ def __call__(self, spec):
 
 
 #: Spack's deployment hash. Includes all inputs that can affect how a package is built.
-dag_hash = SpecHashDescriptor(deptype=("build", "link", "run"), package_hash=True, name="hash")
+dag_hash = SpecHashDescriptor(depflag=dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN, package_hash=True, name="hash")
 
 
 #: Hash descriptor used only to transfer a DAG, as is, across processes
 process_hash = SpecHashDescriptor(
-    deptype=("build", "link", "run", "test"), package_hash=True, name="process_hash"
+    depflag=dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN | dt.TEST, package_hash=True, name="process_hash"
 )
 
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def _content_hash_override(spec):
 
 #: Package hash used as part of dag hash
 package_hash = SpecHashDescriptor(
-    deptype=(), package_hash=True, name="package_hash", override=_content_hash_override
+    depflag=0, package_hash=True, name="package_hash", override=_content_hash_override
 )
 
 
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ def _content_hash_override(spec):
 # spec formats
 
 full_hash = SpecHashDescriptor(
-    deptype=("build", "link", "run"), package_hash=True, name="full_hash"
+    depflag=dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN, package_hash=True, name="full_hash"
 )
 
 
 build_hash = SpecHashDescriptor(
-    deptype=("build", "link", "run"), package_hash=False, name="build_hash"
+    depflag=dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN, package_hash=False, name="build_hash"
 )

lib/spack/spack/installer.py

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.config
 import spack.database
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.hooks
 import spack.mirror
@@ -90,6 +91,16 @@
 STATUS_REMOVED = "removed"
 
 
+def _write_timer_json(pkg, timer, cache):
+    extra_attributes = {"name": pkg.name, "cache": cache, "hash": pkg.spec.dag_hash()}
+    try:
+        with open(pkg.times_log_path, "w") as timelog:
+            timer.write_json(timelog, extra_attributes=extra_attributes)
+    except Exception as e:
+        tty.debug(str(e))
+        return
+
+
 class InstallAction:
     #: Don't perform an install
     NONE = 0
@@ -303,7 +314,7 @@ def _packages_needed_to_bootstrap_compiler(
     # mark compiler as depended-on by the packages that use it
     for pkg in pkgs:
         dep._dependents.add(
-            spack.spec.DependencySpec(pkg.spec, dep, deptypes=("build",), virtuals=())
+            spack.spec.DependencySpec(pkg.spec, dep, depflag=dt.BUILD, virtuals=())
         )
     packages = [(s.package, False) for s in dep.traverse(order="post", root=False)]
 
@@ -399,6 +410,8 @@ def _install_from_cache(
         return False
     t.stop()
     tty.debug("Successfully extracted {0} from binary cache".format(pkg_id))
+
+    _write_timer_json(pkg, t, True)
     _print_timer(pre=_log_prefix(pkg.name), pkg_id=pkg_id, timer=t)
     _print_installed_pkg(pkg.spec.prefix)
     spack.hooks.post_install(pkg.spec, explicit)
@@ -481,7 +494,7 @@ def _process_binary_cache_tarball(
 
     with timer.measure("install"), spack.util.path.filter_padding():
         binary_distribution.extract_tarball(
-            pkg.spec, download_result, unsigned=unsigned, force=False
+            pkg.spec, download_result, unsigned=unsigned, force=False, timer=timer
         )
 
         pkg.installed_from_binary_cache = True
@@ -592,7 +605,9 @@ def dump_packages(spec: "spack.spec.Spec", path: str) -> None:
         if node is spec:
             spack.repo.PATH.dump_provenance(node, dest_pkg_dir)
         elif source_pkg_dir:
-            fs.install_tree(source_pkg_dir, dest_pkg_dir)
+            fs.install_tree(
+                source_pkg_dir, dest_pkg_dir, allow_broken_symlinks=(sys.platform != "win32")
+            )
 
 
 def get_dependent_ids(spec: "spack.spec.Spec") -> List[str]:
@@ -774,10 +789,9 @@ def __init__(self, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase", install_args: dict):
         # Save off dependency package ids for quick checks since traversals
         # are not able to return full dependents for all packages across
         # environment specs.
-        deptypes = self.get_deptypes(self.pkg)
         self.dependencies = set(
             package_id(d.package)
-            for d in self.pkg.spec.dependencies(deptype=deptypes)
+            for d in self.pkg.spec.dependencies(deptype=self.get_depflags(self.pkg))
             if package_id(d.package) != self.pkg_id
         )
 
@@ -816,7 +830,7 @@ def _add_default_args(self) -> None:
         ]:
             _ = self.install_args.setdefault(arg, default)
 
-    def get_deptypes(self, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    def get_depflags(self, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> int:
         """Determine the required dependency types for the associated package.
 
         Args:
@@ -825,7 +839,7 @@ def get_deptypes(self, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> Tuple[str, ...]
         Returns:
             tuple: required dependency type(s) for the package
         """
-        deptypes = ["link", "run"]
+        depflag = dt.LINK | dt.RUN
         include_build_deps = self.install_args.get("include_build_deps")
 
         if self.pkg_id == package_id(pkg):
@@ -837,10 +851,10 @@ def get_deptypes(self, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase") -> Tuple[str, ...]
         # is False, or if build depdencies are explicitly called for
         # by include_build_deps.
         if include_build_deps or not (cache_only or pkg.spec.installed):
-            deptypes.append("build")
+            depflag |= dt.BUILD
         if self.run_tests(pkg):
-            deptypes.append("test")
-        return tuple(sorted(deptypes))
+            depflag |= dt.TEST
+        return depflag
 
     def has_dependency(self, dep_id) -> bool:
         """Returns ``True`` if the package id represents a known dependency
@@ -873,9 +887,8 @@ def traverse_dependencies(self, spec=None, visited=None) -> Iterator["spack.spec
             spec = self.spec
         if visited is None:
             visited = set()
-        deptype = self.get_deptypes(spec.package)
 
-        for dep in spec.dependencies(deptype=deptype):
+        for dep in spec.dependencies(deptype=self.get_depflags(spec.package)):
             hash = dep.dag_hash()
             if hash in visited:
                 continue
@@ -959,10 +972,9 @@ def __init__(
         # Be consistent wrt use of dependents and dependencies.  That is,
         # if use traverse for transitive dependencies, then must remove
         # transitive dependents on failure.
-        deptypes = self.request.get_deptypes(self.pkg)
         self.dependencies = set(
             package_id(d.package)
-            for d in self.pkg.spec.dependencies(deptype=deptypes)
+            for d in self.pkg.spec.dependencies(deptype=self.request.get_depflags(self.pkg))
             if package_id(d.package) != self.pkg_id
         )
 
@@ -1316,7 +1328,6 @@ def _prepare_for_install(self, task: BuildTask) -> None:
         """
         Check the database and leftover installation directories/files and
         prepare for a new install attempt for an uninstalled package.
-
         Preparation includes cleaning up installation and stage directories
         and ensuring the database is up-to-date.
 
@@ -2092,7 +2103,6 @@ def install(self) -> None:
                 # another process has a write lock so must be (un)installing
                 # the spec (or that process is hung).
                 ltype, lock = self._ensure_locked("read", pkg)
-
             # Requeue the spec if we cannot get at least a read lock so we
             # can check the status presumably established by another process
             # -- failed, installed, or uninstalled -- on the next pass.
@@ -2372,8 +2382,7 @@ def run(self) -> bool:
 
             # Stop the timer and save results
             self.timer.stop()
-            with open(self.pkg.times_log_path, "w") as timelog:
-                self.timer.write_json(timelog)
+            _write_timer_json(self.pkg, self.timer, False)
 
         print_install_test_log(self.pkg)
         _print_timer(pre=self.pre, pkg_id=self.pkg_id, timer=self.timer)
@@ -2394,7 +2403,9 @@ def _install_source(self) -> None:
         src_target = os.path.join(pkg.spec.prefix, "share", pkg.name, "src")
         tty.debug("{0} Copying source to {1}".format(self.pre, src_target))
 
-        fs.install_tree(pkg.stage.source_path, src_target)
+        fs.install_tree(
+            pkg.stage.source_path, src_target, allow_broken_symlinks=(sys.platform != "win32")
+        )
 
     def _real_install(self) -> None:
         import spack.builder

lib/spack/spack/main.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import llnl.util.tty.color as color
 from llnl.util.tty.log import log_output
 
-import spack
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@
 stat_names = pstats.Stats.sort_arg_dict_default
 
 #: top-level aliases for Spack commands
-aliases = {"rm": "remove"}
+aliases = {"concretise": "concretize", "containerise": "containerize", "rm": "remove"}
 
 #: help levels in order of detail (i.e., number of commands shown)
 levels = ["short", "long"]
@@ -716,7 +715,7 @@ def __call__(self, *argv, **kwargs):
 
             out = io.StringIO()
             try:
-                with log_output(out):
+                with log_output(out, echo=True):
                     self.returncode = _invoke_command(self.command, self.parser, args, unknown)
 
             except SystemExit as e:

lib/spack/spack/mirror.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import urllib.parse
 from typing import Optional, Union
 
+import llnl.url
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.filesystem import mkdirp
 
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@
 import spack.fetch_strategy as fs
 import spack.mirror
 import spack.spec
-import spack.url as url
 import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ def _determine_extension(fetcher):
     if isinstance(fetcher, fs.URLFetchStrategy):
         if fetcher.expand_archive:
             # If we fetch with a URLFetchStrategy, use URL's archive type
-            ext = url.determine_url_file_extension(fetcher.url)
+            ext = llnl.url.determine_url_file_extension(fetcher.url)
 
             if ext:
                 # Remove any leading dots

lib/spack/spack/modules/common.py

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def merge_config_rules(configuration, spec):
         if spec.satisfies(constraint):
             if hasattr(constraint, "override") and constraint.override:
                 spec_configuration = {}
-            update_dictionary_extending_lists(spec_configuration, action)
+            update_dictionary_extending_lists(spec_configuration, copy.deepcopy(action))
 
     # Transform keywords for dependencies or prerequisites into a list of spec
 

lib/spack/spack/package.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 from spack.build_systems.waf import WafPackage
 from spack.build_systems.xorg import XorgPackage
 from spack.builder import run_after, run_before
-from spack.dependency import all_deptypes
+from spack.deptypes import ALL_TYPES as all_deptypes
 from spack.directives import *
 from spack.install_test import (
     SkipTest,
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@
     on_package_attributes,
 )
 from spack.spec import InvalidSpecDetected, Spec
+from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.executable import *
 from spack.variant import (
     any_combination_of,

lib/spack/spack/package_base.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.config
-import spack.dependency
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.directives
 import spack.directory_layout
 import spack.environment
@@ -175,11 +175,13 @@ def windows_establish_runtime_linkage(self):
 detectable_packages = collections.defaultdict(list)
 
 
-class DetectablePackageMeta:
+class DetectablePackageMeta(type):
     """Check if a package is detectable and add default implementations
     for the detection function.
     """
 
+    TAG = "detectable"
+
     def __init__(cls, name, bases, attr_dict):
         if hasattr(cls, "executables") and hasattr(cls, "libraries"):
             msg = "a package can have either an 'executables' or 'libraries' attribute"
@@ -195,6 +197,11 @@ def __init__(cls, name, bases, attr_dict):
         # If a package has the executables or libraries  attribute then it's
         # assumed to be detectable
         if hasattr(cls, "executables") or hasattr(cls, "libraries"):
+            # Append a tag to each detectable package, so that finding them is faster
+            if hasattr(cls, "tags"):
+                getattr(cls, "tags").append(DetectablePackageMeta.TAG)
+            else:
+                setattr(cls, "tags", [DetectablePackageMeta.TAG])
 
             @classmethod
             def platform_executables(cls):
@@ -518,6 +525,9 @@ class PackageBase(WindowsRPath, PackageViewMixin, metaclass=PackageMeta):
     # This allows analysis tools to correctly interpret the class attributes.
     versions: dict
 
+    # Same for dependencies
+    dependencies: dict
+
     #: By default, packages are not virtual
     #: Virtual packages override this attribute
     virtual = False
@@ -675,7 +685,7 @@ def possible_dependencies(
         cls,
         transitive=True,
         expand_virtuals=True,
-        deptype="all",
+        depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL,
         visited=None,
         missing=None,
         virtuals=None,
@@ -687,7 +697,7 @@ def possible_dependencies(
                 True, only direct dependencies if False (default True)..
             expand_virtuals (bool or None): expand virtual dependencies into
                 all possible implementations (default True)
-            deptype (str or tuple or None): dependency types to consider
+            depflag: dependency types to consider
             visited (dict or None): dict of names of dependencies visited so
                 far, mapped to their immediate dependencies' names.
             missing (dict or None): dict to populate with packages and their
@@ -713,8 +723,6 @@ def possible_dependencies(
         Note: the returned dict *includes* the package itself.
 
         """
-        deptype = spack.dependency.canonical_deptype(deptype)
-
         visited = {} if visited is None else visited
         missing = {} if missing is None else missing
 
@@ -722,9 +730,10 @@ def possible_dependencies(
 
         for name, conditions in cls.dependencies.items():
             # check whether this dependency could be of the type asked for
-            deptypes = [dep.type for cond, dep in conditions.items()]
-            deptypes = set.union(*deptypes)
-            if not any(d in deptypes for d in deptype):
+            depflag_union = 0
+            for dep in conditions.values():
+                depflag_union |= dep.depflag
+            if not (depflag & depflag_union):
                 continue
 
             # expand virtuals if enabled, otherwise just stop at virtuals
@@ -763,7 +772,7 @@ def possible_dependencies(
                     continue
 
                 dep_cls.possible_dependencies(
-                    transitive, expand_virtuals, deptype, visited, missing, virtuals
+                    transitive, expand_virtuals, depflag, visited, missing, virtuals
                 )
 
         return visited
@@ -1196,7 +1205,7 @@ def fetcher(self, f):
         self._fetcher.set_package(self)
 
     @classmethod
-    def dependencies_of_type(cls, *deptypes):
+    def dependencies_of_type(cls, deptypes: dt.DepFlag):
         """Get dependencies that can possibly have these deptypes.
 
         This analyzes the package and determines which dependencies *can*
@@ -1208,7 +1217,7 @@ def dependencies_of_type(cls, *deptypes):
         return dict(
             (name, conds)
             for name, conds in cls.dependencies.items()
-            if any(dt in cls.dependencies[name][cond].type for cond in conds for dt in deptypes)
+            if any(deptypes & cls.dependencies[name][cond].depflag for cond in conds)
         )
 
     # TODO: allow more than one active extendee.
@@ -2368,7 +2377,7 @@ def fetch_remote_versions(self, concurrency=128):
             return {}
 
         try:
-            return spack.util.web.find_versions_of_archive(
+            return spack.url.find_versions_of_archive(
                 self.all_urls, self.list_url, self.list_depth, concurrency, reference_package=self
             )
         except spack.util.web.NoNetworkConnectionError as e:

lib/spack/spack/parser.py

@@ -288,10 +288,7 @@ def next_spec(
                     )
                     raise SpecParsingError(msg, self.ctx.current_token, self.literal_str)
 
-                if root_spec.concrete:
-                    raise spack.spec.RedundantSpecError(root_spec, "^" + str(dependency))
-
-                root_spec._add_dependency(dependency, deptypes=(), virtuals=())
+                root_spec._add_dependency(dependency, depflag=0, virtuals=())
 
             else:
                 break
@@ -306,13 +303,12 @@ def all_specs(self) -> List[spack.spec.Spec]:
 class SpecNodeParser:
     """Parse a single spec node from a stream of tokens"""
 
-    __slots__ = "ctx", "has_compiler", "has_version", "has_hash"
+    __slots__ = "ctx", "has_compiler", "has_version"
 
     def __init__(self, ctx):
         self.ctx = ctx
         self.has_compiler = False
         self.has_version = False
-        self.has_hash = False
 
     def parse(self, initial_spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> Optional[spack.spec.Spec]:
         """Parse a single spec node from a stream of tokens
@@ -343,7 +339,6 @@ def parse(self, initial_spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> Optional[spac
 
         while True:
             if self.ctx.accept(TokenType.COMPILER):
-                self.hash_not_parsed_or_raise(initial_spec, self.ctx.current_token.value)
                 if self.has_compiler:
                     raise spack.spec.DuplicateCompilerSpecError(
                         f"{initial_spec} cannot have multiple compilers"
@@ -353,7 +348,6 @@ def parse(self, initial_spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> Optional[spac
                 initial_spec.compiler = spack.spec.CompilerSpec(compiler_name.strip(), ":")
                 self.has_compiler = True
             elif self.ctx.accept(TokenType.COMPILER_AND_VERSION):
-                self.hash_not_parsed_or_raise(initial_spec, self.ctx.current_token.value)
                 if self.has_compiler:
                     raise spack.spec.DuplicateCompilerSpecError(
                         f"{initial_spec} cannot have multiple compilers"
@@ -367,7 +361,6 @@ def parse(self, initial_spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> Optional[spac
             elif self.ctx.accept(TokenType.VERSION) or self.ctx.accept(
                 TokenType.VERSION_HASH_PAIR
             ):
-                self.hash_not_parsed_or_raise(initial_spec, self.ctx.current_token.value)
                 if self.has_version:
                     raise spack.spec.MultipleVersionError(
                         f"{initial_spec} cannot have multiple versions"
@@ -378,25 +371,21 @@ def parse(self, initial_spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> Optional[spac
                 initial_spec.attach_git_version_lookup()
                 self.has_version = True
             elif self.ctx.accept(TokenType.BOOL_VARIANT):
-                self.hash_not_parsed_or_raise(initial_spec, self.ctx.current_token.value)
                 variant_value = self.ctx.current_token.value[0] == "+"
                 initial_spec._add_flag(
                     self.ctx.current_token.value[1:].strip(), variant_value, propagate=False
                 )
             elif self.ctx.accept(TokenType.PROPAGATED_BOOL_VARIANT):
-                self.hash_not_parsed_or_raise(initial_spec, self.ctx.current_token.value)
                 variant_value = self.ctx.current_token.value[0:2] == "++"
                 initial_spec._add_flag(
                     self.ctx.current_token.value[2:].strip(), variant_value, propagate=True
                 )
             elif self.ctx.accept(TokenType.KEY_VALUE_PAIR):
-                self.hash_not_parsed_or_raise(initial_spec, self.ctx.current_token.value)
                 name, value = self.ctx.current_token.value.split("=", maxsplit=1)
                 name = name.strip("'\" ")
                 value = value.strip("'\" ")
                 initial_spec._add_flag(name, value, propagate=False)
             elif self.ctx.accept(TokenType.PROPAGATED_KEY_VALUE_PAIR):
-                self.hash_not_parsed_or_raise(initial_spec, self.ctx.current_token.value)
                 name, value = self.ctx.current_token.value.split("==", maxsplit=1)
                 name = name.strip("'\" ")
                 value = value.strip("'\" ")
@@ -411,12 +400,6 @@ def parse(self, initial_spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> Optional[spac
 
         return initial_spec
 
-    def hash_not_parsed_or_raise(self, spec, addition):
-        if not self.has_hash:
-            return
-
-        raise spack.spec.RedundantSpecError(spec, addition)
-
 
 class FileParser:
     """Parse a single spec from a JSON or YAML file"""

lib/spack/spack/patch.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem
 import llnl.util.lang
+from llnl.url import allowed_archive
 
 import spack
 import spack.error
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@
 import spack.repo
 import spack.stage
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
-from spack.util.compression import allowed_archive
 from spack.util.crypto import Checker, checksum
 from spack.util.executable import which, which_string
 

lib/spack/spack/platforms/cray.py

@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ def craype_type_and_version(cls):
         # If no default version, sort available versions and return latest
         versions_available = [spack.version.Version(v) for v in os.listdir(craype_dir)]
         versions_available.sort(reverse=True)
+        if not versions_available:
+            return (craype_type, None)
         return (craype_type, versions_available[0])
 
     @classmethod

lib/spack/spack/repo.py

@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ def _create_new_cache(self) -> Dict[str, os.stat_result]:
 
             # Warn about invalid names that look like packages.
             if not nm.valid_module_name(pkg_name):
-                if not pkg_name.startswith("."):
+                if not pkg_name.startswith(".") and pkg_name != "repo.yaml":
                     tty.warn(
                         'Skipping package at {0}. "{1}" is not '
                         "a valid Spack module name.".format(pkg_dir, pkg_name)

lib/spack/spack/s3_handler.py

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-import urllib.error
-import urllib.parse
-import urllib.request
-import urllib.response
-from io import BufferedReader, BytesIO, IOBase
-
-import spack.util.s3 as s3_util
-
-
-# NOTE(opadron): Workaround issue in boto where its StreamingBody
-# implementation is missing several APIs expected from IOBase.  These missing
-# APIs prevent the streams returned by boto from being passed as-are along to
-# urllib.
-#
-# https://github.com/boto/botocore/issues/879
-# https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/3249
-class WrapStream(BufferedReader):
-    def __init__(self, raw):
-        # In botocore >=1.23.47, StreamingBody inherits from IOBase, so we
-        # only add missing attributes in older versions.
-        # https://github.com/boto/botocore/commit/a624815eabac50442ed7404f3c4f2664cd0aa784
-        if not isinstance(raw, IOBase):
-            raw.readable = lambda: True
-            raw.writable = lambda: False
-            raw.seekable = lambda: False
-            raw.closed = False
-            raw.flush = lambda: None
-        super().__init__(raw)
-
-    def detach(self):
-        self.raw = None
-
-    def read(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self.raw.read(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def __getattr__(self, key):
-        return getattr(self.raw, key)
-
-
-def _s3_open(url, method="GET"):
-    parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
-    s3 = s3_util.get_s3_session(url, method="fetch")
-
-    bucket = parsed.netloc
-    key = parsed.path
-
-    if key.startswith("/"):
-        key = key[1:]
-
-    if method not in ("GET", "HEAD"):
-        raise urllib.error.URLError(
-            "Only GET and HEAD verbs are currently supported for the s3:// scheme"
-        )
-
-    try:
-        if method == "GET":
-            obj = s3.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
-            # NOTE(opadron): Apply workaround here (see above)
-            stream = WrapStream(obj["Body"])
-        elif method == "HEAD":
-            obj = s3.head_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
-            stream = BytesIO()
-    except s3.ClientError as e:
-        raise urllib.error.URLError(e) from e
-
-    headers = obj["ResponseMetadata"]["HTTPHeaders"]
-
-    return url, headers, stream
-
-
-class UrllibS3Handler(urllib.request.BaseHandler):
-    def s3_open(self, req):
-        orig_url = req.get_full_url()
-        url, headers, stream = _s3_open(orig_url, method=req.get_method())
-        return urllib.response.addinfourl(stream, headers, url)

lib/spack/spack/solver/asp.py

@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 import re
 import types
 import warnings
-from typing import List, NamedTuple
+from typing import List, NamedTuple, Tuple, Union
 
 import archspec.cpu
 
+import spack.deptypes as dt
+
 try:
     import clingo  # type: ignore[import]
 
@@ -34,7 +36,6 @@
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.config
-import spack.dependency
 import spack.directives
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.error
@@ -44,15 +45,18 @@
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
-import spack.traverse
+import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.timer
 import spack.variant
 import spack.version as vn
 import spack.version.git_ref_lookup
+from spack import traverse
 
 from .counter import FullDuplicatesCounter, MinimalDuplicatesCounter, NoDuplicatesCounter
 
+GitOrStandardVersion = Union[spack.version.GitVersion, spack.version.StandardVersion]
+
 # these are from clingo.ast and bootstrapped later
 ASTType = None
 parse_files = None
@@ -569,6 +573,41 @@ def keyfn(x):
     return normalized_yaml
 
 
+def _is_checksummed_git_version(v):
+    return isinstance(v, vn.GitVersion) and v.is_commit
+
+
+def _is_checksummed_version(version_info: Tuple[GitOrStandardVersion, dict]):
+    """Returns true iff the version is not a moving target"""
+    version, info = version_info
+    if isinstance(version, spack.version.StandardVersion):
+        if any(h in info for h in spack.util.crypto.hashes.keys()) or "checksum" in info:
+            return True
+        return "commit" in info and len(info["commit"]) == 40
+    return _is_checksummed_git_version(version)
+
+
+def _concretization_version_order(version_info: Tuple[GitOrStandardVersion, dict]):
+    """Version order key for concretization, where preferred > not preferred,
+    not deprecated > deprecated, finite > any infinite component; only if all are
+    the same, do we use default version ordering."""
+    version, info = version_info
+    return (
+        info.get("preferred", False),
+        not info.get("deprecated", False),
+        not version.isdevelop(),
+        version,
+    )
+
+
+def _spec_with_default_name(spec_str, name):
+    """Return a spec with a default name if none is provided, used for requirement specs"""
+    spec = spack.spec.Spec(spec_str)
+    if not spec.name:
+        spec.name = name
+    return spec
+
+
 def bootstrap_clingo():
     global clingo, ASTType, parse_files
 
@@ -808,6 +847,8 @@ def visit(node):
         # Load the file itself
         self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "concretize.lp"))
         self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "heuristic.lp"))
+        if spack.config.CONFIG.get("concretizer:duplicates:strategy", "none") != "none":
+            self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "heuristic_separate.lp"))
         self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "os_compatibility.lp"))
         self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "display.lp"))
         if not setup.concretize_everything:
@@ -1422,18 +1463,18 @@ def package_dependencies_rules(self, pkg):
         """Translate 'depends_on' directives into ASP logic."""
         for _, conditions in sorted(pkg.dependencies.items()):
             for cond, dep in sorted(conditions.items()):
-                deptypes = dep.type.copy()
+                depflag = dep.depflag
                 # Skip test dependencies if they're not requested
                 if not self.tests:
-                    deptypes.discard("test")
+                    depflag &= ~dt.TEST
 
                 # ... or if they are requested only for certain packages
-                if not isinstance(self.tests, bool) and pkg.name not in self.tests:
-                    deptypes.discard("test")
+                elif not isinstance(self.tests, bool) and pkg.name not in self.tests:
+                    depflag &= ~dt.TEST
 
                 # if there are no dependency types to be considered
                 # anymore, don't generate the dependency
-                if not deptypes:
+                if not depflag:
                     continue
 
                 msg = "%s depends on %s" % (pkg.name, dep.spec.name)
@@ -1447,9 +1488,10 @@ def package_dependencies_rules(self, pkg):
                     fn.pkg_fact(pkg.name, fn.dependency_condition(condition_id, dep.spec.name))
                 )
 
-                for t in sorted(deptypes):
-                    # there is a declared dependency of type t
-                    self.gen.fact(fn.dependency_type(condition_id, t))
+                for t in dt.ALL_FLAGS:
+                    if t & depflag:
+                        # there is a declared dependency of type t
+                        self.gen.fact(fn.dependency_type(condition_id, dt.flag_to_string(t)))
 
                 self.gen.newline()
 
@@ -1823,45 +1865,21 @@ class Body:
                 if spec.concrete:
                     # We know dependencies are real for concrete specs. For abstract
                     # specs they just mean the dep is somehow in the DAG.
-                    for dtype in dspec.deptypes:
+                    for dtype in dt.ALL_FLAGS:
+                        if not dspec.depflag & dtype:
+                            continue
                         # skip build dependencies of already-installed specs
-                        if concrete_build_deps or dtype != "build":
+                        if concrete_build_deps or dtype != dt.BUILD:
                             clauses.append(fn.attr("depends_on", spec.name, dep.name, dtype))
-
-                            # TODO: We have to look up info from package.py here, but we'd
-                            # TODO: like to avoid this entirely. We should not need to look
-                            # TODO: up potentially wrong info if we have virtual edge info.
-                            try:
-                                try:
-                                    pkg = dep.package
-
-                                except spack.repo.UnknownNamespaceError:
-                                    # Try to look up the package of the same name and use its
-                                    # providers. This is as good as we can do without edge info.
-                                    pkg_class = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(dep.name)
-                                    spec = spack.spec.Spec(f"{dep.name}@{dep.version}")
-                                    pkg = pkg_class(spec)
-
-                                virtuals = pkg.virtuals_provided
-
-                            except spack.repo.UnknownPackageError:
-                                # Skip virtual node constriants for renamed/deleted packages,
-                                # so their binaries can still be installed.
-                                # NOTE: with current specs (which lack edge attributes) this
-                                # can allow concretizations with two providers, but it's unlikely.
-                                continue
-
-                            # Don't concretize with two providers of the same virtual.
-                            # See above for exception for unknown packages.
-                            # TODO: we will eventually record provider information on edges,
-                            # TODO: which avoids the need for the package lookup above.
-                            for virtual in virtuals:
-                                clauses.append(fn.attr("virtual_node", virtual.name))
-                                clauses.append(fn.provider(dep.name, virtual.name))
+                            for virtual_name in dspec.virtuals:
+                                clauses.append(
+                                    fn.attr("virtual_on_edge", spec.name, dep.name, virtual_name)
+                                )
+                                clauses.append(fn.attr("virtual_node", virtual_name))
 
                     # imposing hash constraints for all but pure build deps of
                     # already-installed concrete specs.
-                    if concrete_build_deps or dspec.deptypes != ("build",):
+                    if concrete_build_deps or dspec.depflag != dt.BUILD:
                         clauses.append(fn.attr("hash", dep.name, dep.dag_hash()))
 
                 # if the spec is abstract, descend into dependencies.
@@ -1879,30 +1897,27 @@ class Body:
 
         return clauses
 
-    def build_version_dict(self, possible_pkgs):
+    def define_package_versions_and_validate_preferences(
+        self, possible_pkgs, require_checksum: bool
+    ):
         """Declare any versions in specs not declared in packages."""
         packages_yaml = spack.config.get("packages")
-        packages_yaml = _normalize_packages_yaml(packages_yaml)
         for pkg_name in possible_pkgs:
             pkg_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
 
             # All the versions from the corresponding package.py file. Since concepts
             # like being a "develop" version or being preferred exist only at a
             # package.py level, sort them in this partial list here
-            def key_fn(item):
-                version, info = item
-                # When COMPARING VERSIONS, the '@develop' version is always
-                # larger than other versions. BUT when CONCRETIZING, the largest
-                # NON-develop version is selected by default.
-                return (
-                    info.get("preferred", False),
-                    not info.get("deprecated", False),
-                    not version.isdevelop(),
-                    version,
-                )
+            package_py_versions = sorted(
+                pkg_cls.versions.items(), key=_concretization_version_order, reverse=True
+            )
 
-            for idx, item in enumerate(sorted(pkg_cls.versions.items(), key=key_fn, reverse=True)):
-                v, version_info = item
+            if require_checksum and pkg_cls.has_code:
+                package_py_versions = [
+                    x for x in package_py_versions if _is_checksummed_version(x)
+                ]
+
+            for idx, (v, version_info) in enumerate(package_py_versions):
                 self.possible_versions[pkg_name].add(v)
                 self.declared_versions[pkg_name].append(
                     DeclaredVersion(version=v, idx=idx, origin=Provenance.PACKAGE_PY)
@@ -1911,22 +1926,26 @@ def key_fn(item):
                 if deprecated:
                     self.deprecated_versions[pkg_name].add(v)
 
-            # All the preferred version from packages.yaml, versions in external
-            # specs will be computed later
-            version_preferences = packages_yaml.get(pkg_name, {}).get("version", [])
+            if pkg_name not in packages_yaml or "version" not in packages_yaml[pkg_name]:
+                continue
+
             version_defs = []
-            pkg_class = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(pkg_name)
-            for vstr in version_preferences:
+
+            for vstr in packages_yaml[pkg_name]["version"]:
                 v = vn.ver(vstr)
+
                 if isinstance(v, vn.GitVersion):
-                    version_defs.append(v)
+                    if not require_checksum or v.is_commit:
+                        version_defs.append(v)
                 else:
-                    satisfying_versions = self._check_for_defined_matching_versions(pkg_class, v)
-                    # Amongst all defined versions satisfying this specific
-                    # preference, the highest-numbered version is the
-                    # most-preferred: therefore sort satisfying versions
-                    # from greatest to least
-                    version_defs.extend(sorted(satisfying_versions, reverse=True))
+                    matches = [x for x in self.possible_versions[pkg_name] if x.satisfies(v)]
+                    matches.sort(reverse=True)
+                    if not matches:
+                        raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+                            f"Preference for version {v} does not match any known "
+                            f"version of {pkg_name} (in its package.py or any external)"
+                        )
+                    version_defs.extend(matches)
 
             for weight, vdef in enumerate(llnl.util.lang.dedupe(version_defs)):
                 self.declared_versions[pkg_name].append(
@@ -1934,31 +1953,9 @@ def key_fn(item):
                 )
                 self.possible_versions[pkg_name].add(vdef)
 
-    def _check_for_defined_matching_versions(self, pkg_class, v):
-        """Given a version specification (which may be a concrete version,
-        range, etc.), determine if any package.py version declarations
-        or externals define a version which satisfies it.
-
-        This is primarily for determining whether a version request (e.g.
-        version preferences, which should not themselves define versions)
-        refers to a defined version.
-
-        This function raises an exception if no satisfying versions are
-        found.
-        """
-        pkg_name = pkg_class.name
-        satisfying_versions = list(x for x in pkg_class.versions if x.satisfies(v))
-        satisfying_versions.extend(x for x in self.possible_versions[pkg_name] if x.satisfies(v))
-        if not satisfying_versions:
-            raise spack.config.ConfigError(
-                "Preference for version {0} does not match any version"
-                " defined for {1} (in its package.py or any external)".format(str(v), pkg_name)
-            )
-        return satisfying_versions
-
-    def add_concrete_versions_from_specs(self, specs, origin):
+    def define_ad_hoc_versions_from_specs(self, specs, origin, require_checksum: bool):
         """Add concrete versions to possible versions from lists of CLI/dev specs."""
-        for s in spack.traverse.traverse_nodes(specs):
+        for s in traverse.traverse_nodes(specs):
             # If there is a concrete version on the CLI *that we know nothing
             # about*, add it to the known versions. Use idx=0, which is the
             # best possible, so they're guaranteed to be used preferentially.
@@ -1967,9 +1964,13 @@ def add_concrete_versions_from_specs(self, specs, origin):
             if version is None or any(v == version for v in self.possible_versions[s.name]):
                 continue
 
-            self.declared_versions[s.name].append(
-                DeclaredVersion(version=version, idx=0, origin=origin)
-            )
+            if require_checksum and not _is_checksummed_git_version(version):
+                raise UnsatisfiableSpecError(
+                    s.format("No matching version for constraint {name}{@versions}")
+                )
+
+            declared = DeclaredVersion(version=version, idx=0, origin=origin)
+            self.declared_versions[s.name].append(declared)
             self.possible_versions[s.name].add(version)
 
     def _supported_targets(self, compiler_name, compiler_version, targets):
@@ -2166,7 +2167,7 @@ def generate_possible_compilers(self, specs):
         # add compiler specs from the input line to possibilities if we
         # don't require compilers to exist.
         strict = spack.concretize.Concretizer().check_for_compiler_existence
-        for s in spack.traverse.traverse_nodes(specs):
+        for s in traverse.traverse_nodes(specs):
             # we don't need to validate compilers for already-built specs
             if s.concrete or not s.compiler:
                 continue
@@ -2416,13 +2417,12 @@ def setup(self, driver, specs, reuse=None):
         self.provider_requirements()
         self.external_packages()
 
-        # traverse all specs and packages to build dict of possible versions
-        self.build_version_dict(self.pkgs)
-        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(specs, Provenance.SPEC)
-        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(dev_specs, Provenance.DEV_SPEC)
-
-        req_version_specs = self._get_versioned_specs_from_pkg_requirements()
-        self.add_concrete_versions_from_specs(req_version_specs, Provenance.PACKAGE_REQUIREMENT)
+        # TODO: make a config option for this undocumented feature
+        require_checksum = "SPACK_CONCRETIZER_REQUIRE_CHECKSUM" in os.environ
+        self.define_package_versions_and_validate_preferences(self.pkgs, require_checksum)
+        self.define_ad_hoc_versions_from_specs(specs, Provenance.SPEC, require_checksum)
+        self.define_ad_hoc_versions_from_specs(dev_specs, Provenance.DEV_SPEC, require_checksum)
+        self.validate_and_define_versions_from_requirements(require_checksum)
 
         self.gen.h1("Package Constraints")
         for pkg in sorted(self.pkgs):
@@ -2471,78 +2471,68 @@ def literal_specs(self, specs):
             if self.concretize_everything:
                 self.gen.fact(fn.solve_literal(idx))
 
-    def _get_versioned_specs_from_pkg_requirements(self):
-        """If package requirements mention versions that are not mentioned
+    def validate_and_define_versions_from_requirements(self, require_checksum: bool):
+        """If package requirements mention concrete versions that are not mentioned
         elsewhere, then we need to collect those to mark them as possible
-        versions.
-        """
-        req_version_specs = list()
-        config = spack.config.get("packages")
-        for pkg_name, d in config.items():
-            if pkg_name == "all":
+        versions. If they are abstract and statically have no match, then we
+        need to throw an error. This function assumes all possible versions are already
+        registered in self.possible_versions."""
+        for pkg_name, d in spack.config.get("packages").items():
+            if pkg_name == "all" or "require" not in d:
                 continue
-            if "require" in d:
-                req_version_specs.extend(self._specs_from_requires(pkg_name, d["require"]))
-        return req_version_specs
+
+            for s in traverse.traverse_nodes(self._specs_from_requires(pkg_name, d["require"])):
+                name, versions = s.name, s.versions
+
+                if name not in self.pkgs or versions == spack.version.any_version:
+                    continue
+
+                s.attach_git_version_lookup()
+                v = versions.concrete
+
+                if not v:
+                    # If the version is not concrete, check it's statically concretizable. If
+                    # not throw an error, which is just so that users know they need to change
+                    # their config, instead of getting a hard to decipher concretization error.
+                    if not any(x for x in self.possible_versions[name] if x.satisfies(versions)):
+                        raise spack.config.ConfigError(
+                            f"Version requirement {versions} on {pkg_name} for {name} "
+                            f"cannot match any known version from package.py or externals"
+                        )
+                    continue
+
+                if v in self.possible_versions[name]:
+                    continue
+
+                # If concrete an not yet defined, conditionally define it, like we do for specs
+                # from the command line.
+                if not require_checksum or _is_checksummed_git_version(v):
+                    self.declared_versions[name].append(
+                        DeclaredVersion(version=v, idx=0, origin=Provenance.PACKAGE_REQUIREMENT)
+                    )
+                    self.possible_versions[name].add(v)
 
     def _specs_from_requires(self, pkg_name, section):
-        """Collect specs from requirements which define versions (i.e. those that
-        have a concrete version). Requirements can define *new* versions if
-        they are included as part of an equivalence (hash=number) but not
-        otherwise.
-        """
+        """Collect specs from a requirement rule"""
         if isinstance(section, str):
-            spec = spack.spec.Spec(section)
-            if not spec.name:
-                spec.name = pkg_name
-            extracted_specs = [spec]
-        else:
-            spec_strs = []
-            for spec_group in section:
-                if isinstance(spec_group, str):
-                    spec_strs.append(spec_group)
-                else:
-                    # Otherwise it is an object. The object can contain a single
-                    # "spec" constraint, or a list of them with "any_of" or
-                    # "one_of" policy.
-                    if "spec" in spec_group:
-                        new_constraints = [spec_group["spec"]]
-                    else:
-                        key = "one_of" if "one_of" in spec_group else "any_of"
-                        new_constraints = spec_group[key]
-                    spec_strs.extend(new_constraints)
+            yield _spec_with_default_name(section, pkg_name)
+            return
 
-            extracted_specs = []
-            for spec_str in spec_strs:
-                spec = spack.spec.Spec(spec_str)
-                if not spec.name:
-                    spec.name = pkg_name
-                extracted_specs.append(spec)
-
-        version_specs = []
-        for spec in extracted_specs:
-            if spec.versions.concrete:
-                # Note: this includes git versions
-                version_specs.append(spec)
+        for spec_group in section:
+            if isinstance(spec_group, str):
+                yield _spec_with_default_name(spec_group, pkg_name)
                 continue
 
-            # Prefer spec's name if it exists, in case the spec is
-            # requiring a specific implementation inside of a virtual section
-            # e.g. packages:mpi:require:openmpi@4.0.1
-            pkg_class = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(spec.name or pkg_name)
-            satisfying_versions = self._check_for_defined_matching_versions(
-                pkg_class, spec.versions
-            )
+            # Otherwise it is an object. The object can contain a single
+            # "spec" constraint, or a list of them with "any_of" or
+            # "one_of" policy.
+            if "spec" in spec_group:
+                yield _spec_with_default_name(spec_group["spec"], pkg_name)
+                continue
 
-            # Version ranges ("@1.3" without the "=", "@1.2:1.4") and lists
-            # will end up here
-            ordered_satisfying_versions = sorted(satisfying_versions, reverse=True)
-            vspecs = list(spack.spec.Spec("@{0}".format(x)) for x in ordered_satisfying_versions)
-            version_specs.extend(vspecs)
-
-        for spec in version_specs:
-            spec.attach_git_version_lookup()
-        return version_specs
+            key = "one_of" if "one_of" in spec_group else "any_of"
+            for s in spec_group[key]:
+                yield _spec_with_default_name(s, pkg_name)
 
 
 class SpecBuilder:
@@ -2672,13 +2662,14 @@ def depends_on(self, parent_node, dependency_node, type):
         dependency_spec = self._specs[dependency_node]
         edges = self._specs[parent_node].edges_to_dependencies(name=dependency_spec.name)
         edges = [x for x in edges if id(x.spec) == id(dependency_spec)]
+        depflag = dt.flag_from_string(type)
 
         if not edges:
             self._specs[parent_node].add_dependency_edge(
-                self._specs[dependency_node], deptypes=(type,), virtuals=()
+                self._specs[dependency_node], depflag=depflag, virtuals=()
             )
         else:
-            edges[0].update_deptypes(deptypes=(type,))
+            edges[0].update_deptypes(depflag=depflag)
 
     def virtual_on_edge(self, parent_node, provider_node, virtual):
         dependencies = self._specs[parent_node].edges_to_dependencies(name=(provider_node.pkg))
@@ -2744,9 +2735,8 @@ def reorder_flags(self):
 
                 spec.compiler_flags.update({flag_type: ordered_compiler_flags})
 
-    def deprecated(self, pkg, version):
-        msg = 'using "{0}@{1}" which is a deprecated version'
-        tty.warn(msg.format(pkg, version))
+    def deprecated(self, node: NodeArgument, version: str) -> None:
+        tty.warn(f'using "{node.pkg}@{version}" which is a deprecated version')
 
     @staticmethod
     def sort_fn(function_tuple):

lib/spack/spack/solver/concretize.lp

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ unification_set(SetID, VirtualNode)
 % Node attributes that have multiple node arguments (usually, only the first argument is a node)
 multiple_nodes_attribute("node_flag_source").
 multiple_nodes_attribute("depends_on").
+multiple_nodes_attribute("virtual_on_edge").
 
 % Map constraint on the literal ID to facts on the node
 attr(Name, node(min_dupe_id, A1))             :- literal(LiteralID, Name, A1), solve_literal(LiteralID).
@@ -367,6 +368,18 @@ attr("node_flag_source", node(X, A1), A2, node(Y, A3))
   :- impose(ID, node(X, A1)),
      imposed_constraint(ID, "depends_on", A1, A2, A3).
 
+% Reconstruct virtual dependencies for reused specs
+attr("virtual_on_edge", node(X, A1), node(Y, A2), Virtual)
+  :- impose(ID, node(X, A1)),
+     depends_on(node(X, A1), node(Y, A2)),
+     imposed_constraint(ID, "virtual_on_edge", A1, A2, Virtual),
+     not build(node(X, A1)).
+
+virtual_condition_holds(node(Y, A2), Virtual)
+  :- impose(ID, node(X, A1)),
+     attr("virtual_on_edge", node(X, A1), node(Y, A2), Virtual),
+     not build(node(X, A1)).
+
 % we cannot have additional variant values when we are working with concrete specs
 :- attr("node", node(ID, Package)),
    attr("hash", node(ID, Package), Hash),

lib/spack/spack/solver/counter.py

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 import collections
-from typing import List, Set, Tuple
+from typing import List, Set
 
-import spack.dependency
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.package_base
+import spack.repo
 
 PossibleDependencies = Set[str]
 
@@ -23,11 +24,11 @@ class Counter:
     def __init__(self, specs: List["spack.spec.Spec"], tests: bool) -> None:
         self.specs = specs
 
-        self.link_run_types: Tuple[str, ...] = ("link", "run", "test")
-        self.all_types: Tuple[str, ...] = spack.dependency.all_deptypes
+        self.link_run_types: dt.DepFlag = dt.LINK | dt.RUN | dt.TEST
+        self.all_types: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL
         if not tests:
-            self.link_run_types = ("link", "run")
-            self.all_types = ("link", "run", "build")
+            self.link_run_types = dt.LINK | dt.RUN
+            self.all_types = dt.LINK | dt.RUN | dt.BUILD
 
         self._possible_dependencies: PossibleDependencies = set()
         self._possible_virtuals: Set[str] = set(x.name for x in specs if x.virtual)
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ def _compute_cache_values(self):
 class NoDuplicatesCounter(Counter):
     def _compute_cache_values(self):
         result = spack.package_base.possible_dependencies(
-            *self.specs, virtuals=self._possible_virtuals, deptype=self.all_types
+            *self.specs, virtuals=self._possible_virtuals, depflag=self.all_types
         )
         self._possible_dependencies = set(result)
 
@@ -89,17 +90,17 @@ def __init__(self, specs, tests):
     def _compute_cache_values(self):
         self._link_run = set(
             spack.package_base.possible_dependencies(
-                *self.specs, virtuals=self._possible_virtuals, deptype=self.link_run_types
+                *self.specs, virtuals=self._possible_virtuals, depflag=self.link_run_types
             )
         )
         self._link_run_virtuals.update(self._possible_virtuals)
         for x in self._link_run:
-            current = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(x).dependencies_of_type("build")
+            current = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class(x).dependencies_of_type(dt.BUILD)
             self._direct_build.update(current)
 
         self._total_build = set(
             spack.package_base.possible_dependencies(
-                *self._direct_build, virtuals=self._possible_virtuals, deptype=self.all_types
+                *self._direct_build, virtuals=self._possible_virtuals, depflag=self.all_types
             )
         )
         self._possible_dependencies = set(self._link_run) | set(self._total_build)

lib/spack/spack/solver/heuristic.lp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 % SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 %=============================================================================
-% Heuristic to speed-up solves
+% Heuristic to speed-up solves (node with ID 0)
 %=============================================================================
 
 
@@ -27,18 +27,3 @@
 % Providers
 #heuristic attr("node", node(0, Package)) : default_provider_preference(Virtual, Package, 0), possible_in_link_run(Package). [30, true]
 
-% node(ID, _)
-#heuristic attr("version", node(ID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, ID)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)). [25-5*ID, true]
-#heuristic version_weight(node(ID, Package), ID) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, ID)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)). [25-5*ID, true]
-#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("node", node(ID, Package)). [25-5*ID, true]
-#heuristic attr("node_target", node(ID, Package), Target) : pkg_fact(Package, target_weight(Target, ID)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)). [25-5*ID, true]
-#heuristic node_target_weight(node(ID, Package), ID) : attr("node", node(ID, Package)). [25-5*ID, true]
-#heuristic node_compiler(node(ID, Package), CompilerID) : default_compiler_preference(ID, ID), compiler_id(ID), attr("node", node(ID, Package)). [25-5*ID, true]
-
-% node(ID, _), split build dependencies
-#heuristic attr("version", node(ID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, ID)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package). [25, true]
-#heuristic version_weight(node(ID, Package), ID) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, ID)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package). [25, true]
-#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package). [25, true]
-#heuristic attr("node_target", node(ID, Package), Target) : pkg_fact(Package, target_weight(Target, ID)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package). [25, true]
-#heuristic node_target_weight(node(ID, Package), ID) : attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package). [25, true]
-#heuristic node_compiler(node(ID, Package), CompilerID) : default_compiler_preference(ID, ID), compiler_id(ID), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package). [25, true]

lib/spack/spack/solver/heuristic_separate.lp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+% Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+% Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+%
+% SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+%=============================================================================
+% Heuristic to speed-up solves (node with ID > 0)
+%=============================================================================
+
+% node(ID, _)
+#heuristic attr("version", node(ID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic version_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic attr("node_target", node(ID, Package), Target) : pkg_fact(Package, target_weight(Target, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic node_target_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic node_compiler(node(ID, Package), CompilerID) : default_compiler_preference(CompilerID, 0), compiler_id(CompilerID), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+
+% node(ID, _), split build dependencies
+#heuristic attr("version", node(ID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic version_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic attr("node_target", node(ID, Package), Target) : pkg_fact(Package, target_weight(Target, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic node_target_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic node_compiler(node(ID, Package), CompilerID) : default_compiler_preference(CompilerID, 0), compiler_id(CompilerID), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]

lib/spack/spack/spec.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 import os
 import re
 import warnings
-from typing import List, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.lang as lang
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.config
 import spack.dependency as dp
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.paths
@@ -112,50 +113,49 @@
     "UnsatisfiableDependencySpecError",
     "AmbiguousHashError",
     "InvalidHashError",
-    "RedundantSpecError",
     "SpecDeprecatedError",
 ]
 
 #: Valid pattern for an identifier in Spack
 
-identifier_re = r"\w[\w-]*"
+IDENTIFIER_RE = r"\w[\w-]*"
 
-compiler_color = "@g"  #: color for highlighting compilers
-version_color = "@c"  #: color for highlighting versions
-architecture_color = "@m"  #: color for highlighting architectures
-enabled_variant_color = "@B"  #: color for highlighting enabled variants
-disabled_variant_color = "r"  #: color for highlighting disabled varaints
-dependency_color = "@."  #: color for highlighting dependencies
-hash_color = "@K"  #: color for highlighting package hashes
+COMPILER_COLOR = "@g"  #: color for highlighting compilers
+VERSION_COLOR = "@c"  #: color for highlighting versions
+ARCHITECTURE_COLOR = "@m"  #: color for highlighting architectures
+ENABLED_VARIANT_COLOR = "@B"  #: color for highlighting enabled variants
+DISABLED_VARIANT_COLOR = "r"  #: color for highlighting disabled varaints
+DEPENDENCY_COLOR = "@."  #: color for highlighting dependencies
+HASH_COLOR = "@K"  #: color for highlighting package hashes
 
 #: This map determines the coloring of specs when using color output.
 #: We make the fields different colors to enhance readability.
 #: See llnl.util.tty.color for descriptions of the color codes.
-color_formats = {
-    "%": compiler_color,
-    "@": version_color,
-    "=": architecture_color,
-    "+": enabled_variant_color,
-    "~": disabled_variant_color,
-    "^": dependency_color,
-    "#": hash_color,
+COLOR_FORMATS = {
+    "%": COMPILER_COLOR,
+    "@": VERSION_COLOR,
+    "=": ARCHITECTURE_COLOR,
+    "+": ENABLED_VARIANT_COLOR,
+    "~": DISABLED_VARIANT_COLOR,
+    "^": DEPENDENCY_COLOR,
+    "#": HASH_COLOR,
 }
 
 #: Regex used for splitting by spec field separators.
 #: These need to be escaped to avoid metacharacters in
-#: ``color_formats.keys()``.
-_separators = "[\\%s]" % "\\".join(color_formats.keys())
+#: ``COLOR_FORMATS.keys()``.
+_SEPARATORS = "[\\%s]" % "\\".join(COLOR_FORMATS.keys())
 
 #: Default format for Spec.format(). This format can be round-tripped, so that:
 #:     Spec(Spec("string").format()) == Spec("string)"
-default_format = (
+DEFAULT_FORMAT = (
     "{name}{@versions}"
     "{%compiler.name}{@compiler.versions}{compiler_flags}"
     "{variants}{arch=architecture}{/abstract_hash}"
 )
 
 #: Display format, which eliminates extra `@=` in the output, for readability.
-display_format = (
+DISPLAY_FORMAT = (
     "{name}{@version}"
     "{%compiler.name}{@compiler.version}{compiler_flags}"
     "{variants}{arch=architecture}{/abstract_hash}"
@@ -175,9 +175,12 @@
 SPECFILE_FORMAT_VERSION = 4
 
 
-# InstallStatus is used to map install statuses to symbols for display
-# Options are artificially disjoint for dispay purposes
 class InstallStatus(enum.Enum):
+    """Maps install statuses to symbols for display.
+
+    Options are artificially disjoint for display purposes
+    """
+
     installed = "@g{[+]}  "
     upstream = "@g{[^]}  "
     external = "@g{[e]}  "
@@ -187,7 +190,7 @@ class InstallStatus(enum.Enum):
 
 def colorize_spec(spec):
     """Returns a spec colorized according to the colors specified in
-    color_formats."""
+    COLOR_FORMATS."""
 
     class insert_color:
         def __init__(self):
@@ -200,9 +203,9 @@ def __call__(self, match):
                 return clr.cescape(sep)
             self.last = sep
 
-            return "%s%s" % (color_formats[sep], clr.cescape(sep))
+            return "%s%s" % (COLOR_FORMATS[sep], clr.cescape(sep))
 
-    return clr.colorize(re.sub(_separators, insert_color(), str(spec)) + "@.")
+    return clr.colorize(re.sub(_SEPARATORS, insert_color(), str(spec)) + "@.")
 
 
 @lang.lazy_lexicographic_ordering
@@ -725,81 +728,54 @@ class DependencySpec:
     Args:
         parent: starting node of the edge
         spec: ending node of the edge.
-        deptypes: list of strings, representing dependency relationships.
+        depflag: represents dependency relationships.
         virtuals: virtual packages provided from child to parent node.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = "parent", "spec", "parameters"
+    __slots__ = "parent", "spec", "depflag", "virtuals"
 
     def __init__(
-        self,
-        parent: "Spec",
-        spec: "Spec",
-        *,
-        deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument,
-        virtuals: Tuple[str, ...],
+        self, parent: "Spec", spec: "Spec", *, depflag: dt.DepFlag, virtuals: Tuple[str, ...]
     ):
         self.parent = parent
         self.spec = spec
-        self.parameters = {
-            "deptypes": dp.canonical_deptype(deptypes),
-            "virtuals": tuple(sorted(set(virtuals))),
-        }
+        self.depflag = depflag
+        self.virtuals = virtuals
 
-    @property
-    def deptypes(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
-        return self.parameters["deptypes"]
-
-    @property
-    def virtuals(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
-        return self.parameters["virtuals"]
-
-    def _update_edge_multivalued_property(
-        self, property_name: str, value: Tuple[str, ...]
-    ) -> bool:
-        current = self.parameters[property_name]
-        update = set(current) | set(value)
-        update = tuple(sorted(update))
-        changed = current != update
-
-        if not changed:
-            return False
-
-        self.parameters[property_name] = update
-        return True
-
-    def update_deptypes(self, deptypes: Tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
+    def update_deptypes(self, depflag: dt.DepFlag) -> bool:
         """Update the current dependency types"""
-        return self._update_edge_multivalued_property("deptypes", deptypes)
+        old = self.depflag
+        new = depflag | old
+        if new == old:
+            return False
+        self.depflag = new
+        return True
 
     def update_virtuals(self, virtuals: Tuple[str, ...]) -> bool:
         """Update the list of provided virtuals"""
-        return self._update_edge_multivalued_property("virtuals", virtuals)
+        old = self.virtuals
+        self.virtuals = tuple(sorted(set(virtuals).union(self.virtuals)))
+        return old != self.virtuals
 
     def copy(self) -> "DependencySpec":
         """Return a copy of this edge"""
-        return DependencySpec(
-            self.parent, self.spec, deptypes=self.deptypes, virtuals=self.virtuals
-        )
+        return DependencySpec(self.parent, self.spec, depflag=self.depflag, virtuals=self.virtuals)
 
     def _cmp_iter(self):
         yield self.parent.name if self.parent else None
         yield self.spec.name if self.spec else None
-        yield self.deptypes
+        yield self.depflag
         yield self.virtuals
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         parent = self.parent.name if self.parent else None
         child = self.spec.name if self.spec else None
-        return f"{parent} {self.deptypes}[virtuals={','.join(self.virtuals)}] --> {child}"
-
-    def canonical(self) -> Tuple[str, str, Tuple[str, ...], Tuple[str, ...]]:
-        return self.parent.dag_hash(), self.spec.dag_hash(), self.deptypes, self.virtuals
+        return f"{parent} {self.depflag}[virtuals={','.join(self.virtuals)}] --> {child}"
 
     def flip(self) -> "DependencySpec":
         """Flip the dependency, and drop virtual information"""
         return DependencySpec(
-            parent=self.spec, spec=self.parent, deptypes=self.deptypes, virtuals=()
+            parent=self.spec, spec=self.parent, depflag=self.depflag, virtuals=()
         )
 
 
@@ -944,9 +920,8 @@ def __str__(self):
         )
 
 
-def _sort_by_dep_types(dspec):
-    # Use negation since False < True for sorting
-    return tuple(t not in dspec.deptypes for t in ("link", "run", "build", "test"))
+def _sort_by_dep_types(dspec: DependencySpec):
+    return dspec.depflag
 
 
 #: Enum for edge directions
@@ -1012,7 +987,7 @@ def copy(self):
 
         return clone
 
-    def select(self, parent=None, child=None, deptypes=dp.all_deptypes):
+    def select(self, parent=None, child=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL):
         """Select a list of edges and return them.
 
         If an edge:
@@ -1020,18 +995,18 @@ def select(self, parent=None, child=None, deptypes=dp.all_deptypes):
         - Matches the parent and/or child name, if passed
         then it is selected.
 
-        The deptypes argument needs to be canonical, since the method won't
+        The deptypes argument needs to be a flag, since the method won't
         convert it for performance reason.
 
         Args:
             parent (str): name of the parent package
             child (str): name of the child package
-            deptypes (tuple): allowed dependency types in canonical form
+            depflag: allowed dependency types in flag form
 
         Returns:
             List of DependencySpec objects
         """
-        if not deptypes:
+        if not depflag:
             return []
 
         # Start from all the edges we store
@@ -1046,12 +1021,7 @@ def select(self, parent=None, child=None, deptypes=dp.all_deptypes):
             selected = (d for d in selected if d.spec.name == child)
 
         # Filter by allowed dependency types
-        if deptypes:
-            selected = (
-                dep
-                for dep in selected
-                if not dep.deptypes or any(d in deptypes for d in dep.deptypes)
-            )
+        selected = (dep for dep in selected if not dep.depflag or (depflag & dep.depflag))
 
         return list(selected)
 
@@ -1471,47 +1441,49 @@ def _get_dependency(self, name):
             raise spack.error.SpecError(err_msg.format(name, len(deps)))
         return deps[0]
 
-    def edges_from_dependents(self, name=None, deptype="all"):
+    def edges_from_dependents(self, name=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL):
         """Return a list of edges connecting this node in the DAG
         to parents.
 
         Args:
             name (str): filter dependents by package name
-            deptype (str or tuple): allowed dependency types
+            depflag: allowed dependency types
         """
-        deptype = dp.canonical_deptype(deptype)
-        return [d for d in self._dependents.select(parent=name, deptypes=deptype)]
+        return [d for d in self._dependents.select(parent=name, depflag=depflag)]
 
-    def edges_to_dependencies(self, name=None, deptype="all"):
+    def edges_to_dependencies(self, name=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL):
         """Return a list of edges connecting this node in the DAG
         to children.
 
         Args:
             name (str): filter dependencies by package name
-            deptype (str or tuple): allowed dependency types
+            depflag: allowed dependency types
         """
-        deptype = dp.canonical_deptype(deptype)
-        return [d for d in self._dependencies.select(child=name, deptypes=deptype)]
+        return [d for d in self._dependencies.select(child=name, depflag=depflag)]
 
-    def dependencies(self, name=None, deptype="all"):
+    def dependencies(self, name=None, deptype: Union[dt.DepTypes, dt.DepFlag] = dt.ALL):
         """Return a list of direct dependencies (nodes in the DAG).
 
         Args:
             name (str): filter dependencies by package name
-            deptype (str or tuple): allowed dependency types
+            deptype: allowed dependency types
         """
-        return [d.spec for d in self.edges_to_dependencies(name, deptype=deptype)]
+        if not isinstance(deptype, dt.DepFlag):
+            deptype = dt.canonicalize(deptype)
+        return [d.spec for d in self.edges_to_dependencies(name, depflag=deptype)]
 
-    def dependents(self, name=None, deptype="all"):
+    def dependents(self, name=None, deptype: Union[dt.DepTypes, dt.DepFlag] = dt.ALL):
         """Return a list of direct dependents (nodes in the DAG).
 
         Args:
             name (str): filter dependents by package name
-            deptype (str or tuple): allowed dependency types
+            deptype: allowed dependency types
         """
-        return [d.parent for d in self.edges_from_dependents(name, deptype=deptype)]
+        if not isinstance(deptype, dt.DepFlag):
+            deptype = dt.canonicalize(deptype)
+        return [d.parent for d in self.edges_from_dependents(name, depflag=deptype)]
 
-    def _dependencies_dict(self, deptype="all"):
+    def _dependencies_dict(self, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL):
         """Return a dictionary, keyed by package name, of the direct
         dependencies.
 
@@ -1520,10 +1492,9 @@ def _dependencies_dict(self, deptype="all"):
         Args:
             deptype: allowed dependency types
         """
-        _sort_fn = lambda x: (x.spec.name,) + _sort_by_dep_types(x)
+        _sort_fn = lambda x: (x.spec.name, _sort_by_dep_types(x))
         _group_fn = lambda x: x.spec.name
-        deptype = dp.canonical_deptype(deptype)
-        selected_edges = self._dependencies.select(deptypes=deptype)
+        selected_edges = self._dependencies.select(depflag=depflag)
         result = {}
         for key, group in itertools.groupby(sorted(selected_edges, key=_sort_fn), key=_group_fn):
             result[key] = list(group)
@@ -1619,19 +1590,17 @@ def _set_compiler(self, compiler):
             )
         self.compiler = compiler
 
-    def _add_dependency(
-        self, spec: "Spec", *, deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument, virtuals: Tuple[str, ...]
-    ):
+    def _add_dependency(self, spec: "Spec", *, depflag: dt.DepFlag, virtuals: Tuple[str, ...]):
         """Called by the parser to add another spec as a dependency."""
         if spec.name not in self._dependencies or not spec.name:
-            self.add_dependency_edge(spec, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals)
+            self.add_dependency_edge(spec, depflag=depflag, virtuals=virtuals)
             return
 
         # Keep the intersection of constraints when a dependency is added
         # multiple times. Currently, we only allow identical edge types.
         orig = self._dependencies[spec.name]
         try:
-            dspec = next(dspec for dspec in orig if deptypes == dspec.deptypes)
+            dspec = next(dspec for dspec in orig if depflag == dspec.depflag)
         except StopIteration:
             raise DuplicateDependencyError("Cannot depend on '%s' twice" % spec)
 
@@ -1643,11 +1612,7 @@ def _add_dependency(
             )
 
     def add_dependency_edge(
-        self,
-        dependency_spec: "Spec",
-        *,
-        deptypes: dp.DependencyArgument,
-        virtuals: Tuple[str, ...],
+        self, dependency_spec: "Spec", *, depflag: dt.DepFlag, virtuals: Tuple[str, ...]
     ):
         """Add a dependency edge to this spec.
 
@@ -1656,19 +1621,17 @@ def add_dependency_edge(
             deptypes: dependency types for this edge
             virtuals: virtuals provided by this edge
         """
-        deptypes = dp.canonical_deptype(deptypes)
-
         # Check if we need to update edges that are already present
         selected = self._dependencies.select(child=dependency_spec.name)
         for edge in selected:
             has_errors, details = False, []
             msg = f"cannot update the edge from {edge.parent.name} to {edge.spec.name}"
-            if any(d in edge.deptypes for d in deptypes):
+            if edge.depflag & depflag:
                 has_errors = True
                 details.append(
                     (
                         f"{edge.parent.name} has already an edge matching any"
-                        f" of these types {str(deptypes)}"
+                        f" of these types {depflag}"
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -1677,7 +1640,7 @@ def add_dependency_edge(
                 details.append(
                     (
                         f"{edge.parent.name} has already an edge matching any"
-                        f" of these virtuals {str(virtuals)}"
+                        f" of these virtuals {virtuals}"
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -1689,11 +1652,11 @@ def add_dependency_edge(
                 # If we are here, it means the edge object was previously added to
                 # both the parent and the child. When we update this object they'll
                 # both see the deptype modification.
-                edge.update_deptypes(deptypes=deptypes)
+                edge.update_deptypes(depflag=depflag)
                 edge.update_virtuals(virtuals=virtuals)
                 return
 
-        edge = DependencySpec(self, dependency_spec, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals)
+        edge = DependencySpec(self, dependency_spec, depflag=depflag, virtuals=virtuals)
         self._dependencies.add(edge)
         dependency_spec._dependents.add(edge)
 
@@ -1960,12 +1923,12 @@ def lookup_hash(self):
         # Get dependencies that need to be replaced
         for node in self.traverse(root=False):
             if node.abstract_hash:
-                spec._add_dependency(node._lookup_hash(), deptypes=(), virtuals=())
+                spec._add_dependency(node._lookup_hash(), depflag=0, virtuals=())
 
         # reattach nodes that were not otherwise satisfied by new dependencies
         for node in self.traverse(root=False):
             if not any(n.satisfies(node) for n in spec.traverse()):
-                spec._add_dependency(node.copy(), deptypes=(), virtuals=())
+                spec._add_dependency(node.copy(), depflag=0, virtuals=())
 
         return spec
 
@@ -2091,7 +2054,7 @@ def to_node_dict(self, hash=ht.dag_hash):
             d["package_hash"] = package_hash
 
         # Note: Relies on sorting dict by keys later in algorithm.
-        deps = self._dependencies_dict(deptype=hash.deptype)
+        deps = self._dependencies_dict(depflag=hash.depflag)
         if deps:
             deps_list = []
             for name, edges_for_name in sorted(deps.items()):
@@ -2101,7 +2064,10 @@ def to_node_dict(self, hash=ht.dag_hash):
                     parameters_tuple = (
                         "parameters",
                         syaml.syaml_dict(
-                            (key, dspec.parameters[key]) for key in sorted(dspec.parameters)
+                            (
+                                ("deptypes", dt.flag_to_tuple(dspec.depflag)),
+                                ("virtuals", dspec.virtuals),
+                            )
                         ),
                     )
                     ordered_entries = [name_tuple, hash_tuple, parameters_tuple]
@@ -2199,7 +2165,7 @@ def to_dict(self, hash=ht.dag_hash):
         """
         node_list = []  # Using a list to preserve preorder traversal for hash.
         hash_set = set()
-        for s in self.traverse(order="pre", deptype=hash.deptype):
+        for s in self.traverse(order="pre", deptype=hash.depflag):
             spec_hash = s._cached_hash(hash)
 
             if spec_hash not in hash_set:
@@ -2383,13 +2349,12 @@ def spec_builder(d):
             if dep_like is None:
                 return spec
 
-            def name_and_dependency_types(s):
+            def name_and_dependency_types(s: str) -> Tuple[str, dt.DepFlag]:
                 """Given a key in the dictionary containing the literal,
                 extracts the name of the spec and its dependency types.
 
                 Args:
-                    s (str): key in the dictionary containing the literal
-
+                    s: key in the dictionary containing the literal
                 """
                 t = s.split(":")
 
@@ -2397,39 +2362,37 @@ def name_and_dependency_types(s):
                     msg = 'more than one ":" separator in key "{0}"'
                     raise KeyError(msg.format(s))
 
-                n = t[0]
+                name = t[0]
                 if len(t) == 2:
-                    dtypes = tuple(dt.strip() for dt in t[1].split(","))
+                    depflag = dt.flag_from_strings(dep_str.strip() for dep_str in t[1].split(","))
                 else:
-                    dtypes = ()
+                    depflag = 0
+                return name, depflag
 
-                return n, dtypes
-
-            def spec_and_dependency_types(s):
+            def spec_and_dependency_types(
+                s: Union[Spec, Tuple[Spec, str]]
+            ) -> Tuple[Spec, dt.DepFlag]:
                 """Given a non-string key in the literal, extracts the spec
                 and its dependency types.
 
                 Args:
-                    s (spec or tuple): either a Spec object or a tuple
-                        composed of a Spec object and a string with the
-                        dependency types
-
+                    s: either a Spec object, or a tuple of Spec and string of dependency types
                 """
                 if isinstance(s, Spec):
-                    return s, ()
+                    return s, 0
 
                 spec_obj, dtypes = s
-                return spec_obj, tuple(dt.strip() for dt in dtypes.split(","))
+                return spec_obj, dt.flag_from_strings(dt.strip() for dt in dtypes.split(","))
 
             # Recurse on dependencies
             for s, s_dependencies in dep_like.items():
                 if isinstance(s, str):
-                    dag_node, dependency_types = name_and_dependency_types(s)
+                    dag_node, dep_flag = name_and_dependency_types(s)
                 else:
-                    dag_node, dependency_types = spec_and_dependency_types(s)
+                    dag_node, dep_flag = spec_and_dependency_types(s)
 
                 dependency_spec = spec_builder({dag_node: s_dependencies})
-                spec._add_dependency(dependency_spec, deptypes=dependency_types, virtuals=())
+                spec._add_dependency(dependency_spec, depflag=dep_flag, virtuals=())
 
             return spec
 
@@ -2602,7 +2565,7 @@ def _replace_with(self, concrete):
         virtuals = (self.name,)
         for dep_spec in itertools.chain.from_iterable(self._dependents.values()):
             dependent = dep_spec.parent
-            deptypes = dep_spec.deptypes
+            depflag = dep_spec.depflag
 
             # remove self from all dependents, unless it is already removed
             if self.name in dependent._dependencies:
@@ -2610,7 +2573,7 @@ def _replace_with(self, concrete):
 
             # add the replacement, unless it is already a dep of dependent.
             if concrete.name not in dependent._dependencies:
-                dependent._add_dependency(concrete, deptypes=deptypes, virtuals=virtuals)
+                dependent._add_dependency(concrete, depflag=depflag, virtuals=virtuals)
             else:
                 dependent.edges_to_dependencies(name=concrete.name)[0].update_virtuals(
                     virtuals=virtuals
@@ -3172,7 +3135,7 @@ def _evaluate_dependency_conditions(self, name):
         for when_spec, dependency in conditions.items():
             if self.satisfies(when_spec):
                 if dep is None:
-                    dep = dp.Dependency(self.name, Spec(name), type=())
+                    dep = dp.Dependency(self.name, Spec(name), depflag=0)
                 try:
                     dep.merge(dependency)
                 except spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError as e:
@@ -3316,7 +3279,7 @@ def _merge_dependency(self, dependency, visited, spec_deps, provider_index, test
         # Add merged spec to my deps and recurse
         spec_dependency = spec_deps[dep.name]
         if dep.name not in self._dependencies:
-            self._add_dependency(spec_dependency, deptypes=dependency.type, virtuals=virtuals)
+            self._add_dependency(spec_dependency, depflag=dependency.depflag, virtuals=virtuals)
 
         changed |= spec_dependency._normalize_helper(visited, spec_deps, provider_index, tests)
         return changed
@@ -3357,7 +3320,7 @@ def _normalize_helper(self, visited, spec_deps, provider_index, tests):
                         or (tests and self.name in tests)
                         or
                         # this is not a test-only dependency
-                        dep.type - set(["test"])
+                        (dep.depflag & ~dt.TEST)
                     )
 
                     if merge:
@@ -3651,9 +3614,7 @@ def _constrain_dependencies(self, other):
                 # WARNING: using index 0 i.e. we assume that we have only
                 # WARNING: one edge from package "name"
                 edges_from_name = self._dependencies[name]
-                changed |= edges_from_name[0].update_deptypes(
-                    other._dependencies[name][0].deptypes
-                )
+                changed |= edges_from_name[0].update_deptypes(other._dependencies[name][0].depflag)
                 changed |= edges_from_name[0].update_virtuals(
                     other._dependencies[name][0].virtuals
                 )
@@ -3665,7 +3626,7 @@ def _constrain_dependencies(self, other):
             dep_spec_copy = other._get_dependency(name)
             self._add_dependency(
                 dep_spec_copy.spec.copy(),
-                deptypes=dep_spec_copy.deptypes,
+                depflag=dep_spec_copy.depflag,
                 virtuals=dep_spec_copy.virtuals,
             )
             changed = True
@@ -3940,7 +3901,7 @@ def patches(self):
 
         return self._patches
 
-    def _dup(self, other, deps=True, cleardeps=True):
+    def _dup(self, other, deps: Union[bool, dt.DepTypes, dt.DepFlag] = True, cleardeps=True):
         """Copy the spec other into self.  This is an overwriting
         copy. It does not copy any dependents (parents), but by default
         copies dependencies.
@@ -3949,9 +3910,8 @@ def _dup(self, other, deps=True, cleardeps=True):
 
         Args:
             other (Spec): spec to be copied onto ``self``
-            deps (bool or Sequence): if True copies all the dependencies. If
-                False copies None. If a sequence of dependency types copy
-                only those types.
+            deps: if True copies all the dependencies. If
+                False copies None. If deptype/depflag, copy matching types.
             cleardeps (bool): if True clears the dependencies of ``self``,
                 before possibly copying the dependencies of ``other`` onto
                 ``self``
@@ -4011,10 +3971,10 @@ def _dup(self, other, deps=True, cleardeps=True):
         if deps:
             # If caller restricted deptypes to be copied, adjust that here.
             # By default, just copy all deptypes
-            deptypes = dp.all_deptypes
-            if isinstance(deps, (tuple, list)):
-                deptypes = deps
-            self._dup_deps(other, deptypes)
+            depflag = dt.ALL
+            if isinstance(deps, (tuple, list, str)):
+                depflag = dt.canonicalize(deps)
+            self._dup_deps(other, depflag)
 
         self._concrete = other._concrete
 
@@ -4035,13 +3995,13 @@ def _dup(self, other, deps=True, cleardeps=True):
 
         return changed
 
-    def _dup_deps(self, other, deptypes):
+    def _dup_deps(self, other, depflag: dt.DepFlag):
         def spid(spec):
             return id(spec)
 
         new_specs = {spid(other): self}
         for edge in other.traverse_edges(cover="edges", root=False):
-            if edge.deptypes and not any(d in deptypes for d in edge.deptypes):
+            if edge.depflag and not depflag & edge.depflag:
                 continue
 
             if spid(edge.parent) not in new_specs:
@@ -4051,17 +4011,16 @@ def spid(spec):
                 new_specs[spid(edge.spec)] = edge.spec.copy(deps=False)
 
             new_specs[spid(edge.parent)].add_dependency_edge(
-                new_specs[spid(edge.spec)], deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
+                new_specs[spid(edge.spec)], depflag=edge.depflag, virtuals=edge.virtuals
             )
 
-    def copy(self, deps=True, **kwargs):
+    def copy(self, deps: Union[bool, dt.DepTypes, dt.DepFlag] = True, **kwargs):
         """Make a copy of this spec.
 
         Args:
-            deps (bool or tuple): Defaults to True. If boolean, controls
+            deps: Defaults to True. If boolean, controls
                 whether dependencies are copied (copied if True). If a
-                tuple is provided, *only* dependencies of types matching
-                those in the tuple are copied.
+                DepTypes or DepFlag is provided, *only* matching dependencies are copied.
             kwargs: additional arguments for internal use (passed to ``_dup``).
 
         Returns:
@@ -4121,7 +4080,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, name):
         # only when we don't find the package do we consider the full DAG.
         order = lambda: itertools.chain(
             self.traverse(deptype="link"),
-            self.dependencies(deptype=("build", "run", "test")),
+            self.dependencies(deptype=dt.BUILD | dt.RUN | dt.TEST),
             self.traverse(),  # fall back to a full search
         )
 
@@ -4179,7 +4138,7 @@ def eq_dag(self, other, deptypes=True, vs=None, vo=None):
         for s_dspec, o_dspec in zip(
             itertools.chain.from_iterable(ssorted), itertools.chain.from_iterable(osorted)
         ):
-            if deptypes and s_dspec.deptypes != o_dspec.deptypes:
+            if deptypes and s_dspec.depflag != o_dspec.depflag:
                 return False
 
             s, o = s_dspec.spec, o_dspec.spec
@@ -4237,7 +4196,7 @@ def _cmp_iter(self):
         def deps():
             for dep in sorted(itertools.chain.from_iterable(self._dependencies.values())):
                 yield dep.spec.name
-                yield tuple(sorted(dep.deptypes))
+                yield dep.depflag
                 yield hash(dep.spec)
 
         yield deps
@@ -4245,7 +4204,7 @@ def deps():
     def colorized(self):
         return colorize_spec(self)
 
-    def format(self, format_string=default_format, **kwargs):
+    def format(self, format_string=DEFAULT_FORMAT, **kwargs):
         r"""Prints out particular pieces of a spec, depending on what is
         in the format string.
 
@@ -4307,19 +4266,6 @@ def format(self, format_string=default_format, **kwargs):
         ``\{`` and ``\}`` for literal braces, and ``\\`` for the
         literal ``\`` character.
 
-        The ``?`` sigil may be used to conditionally add a
-        value. Conditional format values are used if constructing the
-        value would not throw any error, and are ignored if it would
-        throw an error. For example, ``{?^mpi.name}`` will print
-        ``Spec["mpi"].name`` if such a node exists, and otherwise
-        prints nothing.
-
-        The ``?`` sigil may also be combined with a conditional
-        separator. This separator is prepended if anything is printed
-        for the conditional attribute. The syntax for this is
-        ``?sep?attribute``,
-        e.g. ``{name}-{version}{?/?^mpi.name}{?-?^mpi.version}``.
-
         Args:
             format_string (str): string containing the format to be expanded
 
@@ -4337,21 +4283,12 @@ def format(self, format_string=default_format, **kwargs):
         def write(s, c=None):
             f = clr.cescape(s)
             if c is not None:
-                f = color_formats[c] + f + "@."
+                f = COLOR_FORMATS[c] + f + "@."
             clr.cwrite(f, stream=out, color=color)
 
         def write_attribute(spec, attribute, color):
             attribute = attribute.lower()
 
-            conditional = False
-            conditional_sep = ""
-            matches_conditional_sep = re.match(r"^\?(.*)\?", attribute)
-            if matches_conditional_sep:
-                conditional = True
-                conditional_sep = matches_conditional_sep.group(1)
-            if attribute.startswith("?"):
-                conditional = True
-
             sig = ""
             if attribute.startswith(("@", "%", "/")):
                 # color sigils that are inside braces
@@ -4383,9 +4320,6 @@ def write_attribute(spec, attribute, color):
             elif sig == " arch=" and attribute not in ("architecture", "arch"):
                 raise SpecFormatSigilError(sig, "the architecture", attribute)
 
-            # Now that we're done testing sig, combine it with conditional sep
-            sig = conditional_sep + sig
-
             # find the morph function for our attribute
             morph = transform.get(attribute, lambda s, x: x)
 
@@ -4415,12 +4349,7 @@ def write_attribute(spec, attribute, color):
                 else:
                     if isinstance(current, vt.VariantMap):
                         # subscript instead of getattr for variant names
-                        try:
-                            current = current[part]
-                        except KeyError:
-                            if conditional:
-                                return
-                            raise
+                        current = current[part]
                     else:
                         # aliases
                         if part == "arch":
@@ -4436,8 +4365,6 @@ def write_attribute(spec, attribute, color):
                         try:
                             current = getattr(current, part)
                         except AttributeError:
-                            if conditional:
-                                return
                             parent = ".".join(parts[:idx])
                             m = "Attempted to format attribute %s." % attribute
                             m += "Spec %s has no attribute %s" % (parent, part)
@@ -4542,29 +4469,51 @@ def _installed_explicitly(self):
         except KeyError:
             return None
 
-    def tree(self, **kwargs):
+    def tree(
+        self,
+        *,
+        color: Optional[bool] = None,
+        depth: bool = False,
+        hashes: bool = False,
+        hashlen: Optional[int] = None,
+        cover: str = "nodes",
+        indent: int = 0,
+        format: str = DEFAULT_FORMAT,
+        deptypes: Union[Tuple[str, ...], str] = "all",
+        show_types: bool = False,
+        depth_first: bool = False,
+        recurse_dependencies: bool = True,
+        status_fn: Optional[Callable[["Spec"], InstallStatus]] = None,
+        prefix: Optional[Callable[["Spec"], str]] = None,
+    ) -> str:
         """Prints out this spec and its dependencies, tree-formatted
         with indentation.
 
         Status function may either output a boolean or an InstallStatus
-        """
-        color = kwargs.pop("color", clr.get_color_when())
-        depth = kwargs.pop("depth", False)
-        hashes = kwargs.pop("hashes", False)
-        hlen = kwargs.pop("hashlen", None)
-        status_fn = kwargs.pop("status_fn", False)
-        cover = kwargs.pop("cover", "nodes")
-        indent = kwargs.pop("indent", 0)
-        fmt = kwargs.pop("format", default_format)
-        prefix = kwargs.pop("prefix", None)
-        show_types = kwargs.pop("show_types", False)
-        deptypes = kwargs.pop("deptypes", "all")
-        recurse_dependencies = kwargs.pop("recurse_dependencies", True)
-        depth_first = kwargs.pop("depth_first", False)
-        lang.check_kwargs(kwargs, self.tree)
 
+        Args:
+            color: if True, always colorize the tree. If False, don't colorize the tree. If None,
+                use the default from llnl.tty.color
+            depth: print the depth from the root
+            hashes: if True, print the hash of each node
+            hashlen: length of the hash to be printed
+            cover: either "nodes" or "edges"
+            indent: extra indentation for the tree being printed
+            format: format to be used to print each node
+            deptypes: dependency types to be represented in the tree
+            show_types: if True, show the (merged) dependency type of a node
+            depth_first: if True, traverse the DAG depth first when representing it as a tree
+            recurse_dependencies: if True, recurse on dependencies
+            status_fn: optional callable that takes a node as an argument and return its
+                installation status
+            prefix: optional callable that takes a node as an argument and return its
+                installation prefix
+        """
         out = ""
 
+        if color is None:
+            color = clr.get_color_when()
+
         for d, dep_spec in traverse.traverse_tree(
             [self], cover=cover, deptype=deptypes, depth_first=depth_first
         ):
@@ -4587,25 +4536,27 @@ def tree(self, **kwargs):
                     out += clr.colorize("@r{[-]}  ", color=color)
 
             if hashes:
-                out += clr.colorize("@K{%s}  ", color=color) % node.dag_hash(hlen)
+                out += clr.colorize("@K{%s}  ", color=color) % node.dag_hash(hashlen)
 
             if show_types:
                 if cover == "nodes":
                     # when only covering nodes, we merge dependency types
                     # from all dependents before showing them.
-                    types = [ds.deptypes for ds in node.edges_from_dependents()]
+                    depflag = 0
+                    for ds in node.edges_from_dependents():
+                        depflag |= ds.depflag
                 else:
                     # when covering edges or paths, we show dependency
                     # types only for the edge through which we visited
-                    types = [dep_spec.deptypes]
+                    depflag = dep_spec.depflag
 
-                type_chars = dp.deptype_chars(*types)
+                type_chars = dt.flag_to_chars(depflag)
                 out += "[%s]  " % type_chars
 
             out += "    " * d
             if d > 0:
                 out += "^"
-            out += node.format(fmt, color=color) + "\n"
+            out += node.format(format, color=color) + "\n"
 
             # Check if we wanted just the first line
             if not recurse_dependencies:
@@ -4761,14 +4712,14 @@ def from_self(name, transitive):
                 for edge in self[name].edges_to_dependencies():
                     dep_name = deps_to_replace.get(edge.spec, edge.spec).name
                     nodes[name].add_dependency_edge(
-                        nodes[dep_name], deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
+                        nodes[dep_name], depflag=edge.depflag, virtuals=edge.virtuals
                     )
                 if any(dep not in self_nodes for dep in self[name]._dependencies):
                     nodes[name].build_spec = self[name].build_spec
             else:
                 for edge in other[name].edges_to_dependencies():
                     nodes[name].add_dependency_edge(
-                        nodes[edge.spec.name], deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
+                        nodes[edge.spec.name], depflag=edge.depflag, virtuals=edge.virtuals
                     )
                 if any(dep not in other_nodes for dep in other[name]._dependencies):
                     nodes[name].build_spec = other[name].build_spec
@@ -4859,8 +4810,9 @@ def merge_abstract_anonymous_specs(*abstract_specs: Spec):
         # Update with additional constraints from other spec
         for name in current_spec_constraint.direct_dep_difference(merged_spec):
             edge = next(iter(current_spec_constraint.edges_to_dependencies(name)))
+
             merged_spec._add_dependency(
-                edge.spec.copy(), deptypes=edge.deptypes, virtuals=edge.virtuals
+                edge.spec.copy(), depflag=edge.depflag, virtuals=edge.virtuals
             )
 
     return merged_spec
@@ -5007,9 +4959,11 @@ def _load(cls, data):
         # Pass 2: Finish construction of all DAG edges (including build specs)
         for node_hash, node in hash_dict.items():
             node_spec = node["node_spec"]
-            for _, dhash, dtypes, _, virtuals in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(node):
+            for _, dhash, dtype, _, virtuals in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(node):
                 node_spec._add_dependency(
-                    hash_dict[dhash]["node_spec"], deptypes=dtypes, virtuals=virtuals
+                    hash_dict[dhash]["node_spec"],
+                    depflag=dt.canonicalize(dtype),
+                    virtuals=virtuals,
                 )
             if "build_spec" in node.keys():
                 _, bhash, _ = cls.build_spec_from_node_dict(node, hash_type=hash_type)
@@ -5045,7 +4999,9 @@ def load(cls, data):
             # get dependency dict from the node.
             name, data = cls.name_and_data(node)
             for dname, _, dtypes, _, virtuals in cls.dependencies_from_node_dict(data):
-                deps[name]._add_dependency(deps[dname], deptypes=dtypes, virtuals=virtuals)
+                deps[name]._add_dependency(
+                    deps[dname], depflag=dt.canonicalize(dtypes), virtuals=virtuals
+                )
 
         reconstruct_virtuals_on_edges(result)
         return result
@@ -5363,14 +5319,6 @@ class NoSuchSpecFileError(SpecFilenameError):
     """Raised when a spec file doesn't exist."""
 
 
-class RedundantSpecError(spack.error.SpecError):
-    def __init__(self, spec, addition):
-        super().__init__(
-            "Attempting to add %s to spec %s which is already concrete."
-            " This is likely the result of adding to a spec specified by hash." % (addition, spec)
-        )
-
-
 class SpecFormatStringError(spack.error.SpecError):
     """Called for errors in Spec format strings."""
 

lib/spack/spack/spec_list.py

@@ -97,8 +97,10 @@ def remove(self, spec):
             msg += "Either %s is not in %s or %s is " % (spec, self.name, spec)
             msg += "expanded from a matrix and cannot be removed directly."
             raise SpecListError(msg)
-        assert len(remove) == 1
-        self.yaml_list.remove(remove[0])
+
+        # Remove may contain more than one string representation of the same spec
+        for item in remove:
+            self.yaml_list.remove(item)
 
         # invalidate cache variables when we change the list
         self._expanded_list = None

lib/spack/spack/test/architecture.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 import os
 import platform
+import sys
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -223,6 +224,7 @@ def test_concretize_target_ranges(root_target_range, dep_target_range, result, m
         (["21.11", "21.9"], None, False),
     ],
 )
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Cray does not use windows")
 def test_cray_platform_detection(versions, default, expected, tmpdir, monkeypatch, working_env):
     ex_path = str(tmpdir.join("fake_craype_dir"))
     fs.mkdirp(ex_path)

lib/spack/spack/test/build_environment.py

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 import spack.package_base
 import spack.spec
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
-from spack.build_environment import _static_to_shared_library, determine_number_of_jobs, dso_suffix
+from spack.build_environment import _static_to_shared_library, dso_suffix
 from spack.paths import build_env_path
+from spack.util.cpus import determine_number_of_jobs
 from spack.util.environment import EnvironmentModifications
 from spack.util.executable import Executable
 from spack.util.path import Path, convert_to_platform_path
@@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ def test_parallel_false_is_not_propagating(default_mock_concretization):
 
     spack.build_environment.set_module_variables_for_package(s["b"].package)
     assert s["b"].package.module.make_jobs == spack.build_environment.determine_number_of_jobs(
-        s["b"].package.parallel
+        parallel=s["b"].package.parallel
     )
 
 
@@ -474,28 +475,62 @@ def test_setting_dtags_based_on_config(config_setting, expected_flag, config, mo
 
 def test_build_jobs_sequential_is_sequential():
     assert (
-        determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=False, command_line=8, config_default=8, max_cpus=8) == 1
+        determine_number_of_jobs(
+            parallel=False,
+            max_cpus=8,
+            config=spack.config.Configuration(
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("command_line", {"config": {"build_jobs": 8}}),
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("defaults", {"config": {"build_jobs": 8}}),
+            ),
+        )
+        == 1
     )
 
 
 def test_build_jobs_command_line_overrides():
     assert (
-        determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=True, command_line=10, config_default=1, max_cpus=1)
+        determine_number_of_jobs(
+            parallel=True,
+            max_cpus=1,
+            config=spack.config.Configuration(
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("command_line", {"config": {"build_jobs": 10}}),
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("defaults", {"config": {"build_jobs": 1}}),
+            ),
+        )
         == 10
     )
     assert (
-        determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=True, command_line=10, config_default=100, max_cpus=100)
+        determine_number_of_jobs(
+            parallel=True,
+            max_cpus=100,
+            config=spack.config.Configuration(
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("command_line", {"config": {"build_jobs": 10}}),
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("defaults", {"config": {"build_jobs": 100}}),
+            ),
+        )
         == 10
     )
 
 
 def test_build_jobs_defaults():
     assert (
-        determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=True, command_line=None, config_default=1, max_cpus=10)
+        determine_number_of_jobs(
+            parallel=True,
+            max_cpus=10,
+            config=spack.config.Configuration(
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("defaults", {"config": {"build_jobs": 1}})
+            ),
+        )
         == 1
     )
     assert (
-        determine_number_of_jobs(parallel=True, command_line=None, config_default=100, max_cpus=10)
+        determine_number_of_jobs(
+            parallel=True,
+            max_cpus=10,
+            config=spack.config.Configuration(
+                spack.config.InternalConfigScope("defaults", {"config": {"build_jobs": 100}})
+            ),
+        )
         == 10
     )
 

lib/spack/spack/test/buildrequest.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.installer as inst
 import spack.repo
 import spack.spec
@@ -59,10 +60,10 @@ def test_build_request_strings(install_mockery):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "package_cache_only,dependencies_cache_only,package_deptypes,dependencies_deptypes",
     [
-        (False, False, ["build", "link", "run"], ["build", "link", "run"]),
-        (True, False, ["link", "run"], ["build", "link", "run"]),
-        (False, True, ["build", "link", "run"], ["link", "run"]),
-        (True, True, ["link", "run"], ["link", "run"]),
+        (False, False, dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN, dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN),
+        (True, False, dt.LINK | dt.RUN, dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN),
+        (False, True, dt.BUILD | dt.LINK | dt.RUN, dt.LINK | dt.RUN),
+        (True, True, dt.LINK | dt.RUN, dt.LINK | dt.RUN),
     ],
 )
 def test_build_request_deptypes(
@@ -82,8 +83,8 @@ def test_build_request_deptypes(
         },
     )
 
-    actual_package_deptypes = build_request.get_deptypes(s.package)
-    actual_dependency_deptypes = build_request.get_deptypes(s["dependency-install"].package)
+    actual_package_deptypes = build_request.get_depflags(s.package)
+    actual_dependency_deptypes = build_request.get_depflags(s["dependency-install"].package)
 
-    assert sorted(actual_package_deptypes) == package_deptypes
-    assert sorted(actual_dependency_deptypes) == dependencies_deptypes
+    assert actual_package_deptypes == package_deptypes
+    assert actual_dependency_deptypes == dependencies_deptypes

lib/spack/spack/test/cache_fetch.py

@@ -31,13 +31,16 @@ def test_fetch_missing_cache(tmpdir, _fetch_method):
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("_fetch_method", ["curl", "urllib"])
 def test_fetch(tmpdir, _fetch_method):
     """Ensure a fetch after expanding is effectively a no-op."""
-    testpath = str(tmpdir)
-    cache = os.path.join(testpath, "cache.tar.gz")
+    cache_dir = tmpdir.join("cache")
+    stage_dir = tmpdir.join("stage")
+    mkdirp(cache_dir)
+    mkdirp(stage_dir)
+    cache = os.path.join(cache_dir, "cache.tar.gz")
     touch(cache)
     url = url_util.path_to_file_url(cache)
     with spack.config.override("config:url_fetch_method", _fetch_method):
         fetcher = CacheURLFetchStrategy(url=url)
-        with Stage(fetcher, path=testpath) as stage:
+        with Stage(fetcher, path=str(stage_dir)) as stage:
             source_path = stage.source_path
             mkdirp(source_path)
             fetcher.fetch()

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/external.py

@@ -42,45 +42,36 @@ def define_plat_exe(exe):
     return exe
 
 
-def test_find_external_single_package(mock_executable, executables_found, _platform_executables):
-    pkgs_to_check = [spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("cmake")]
+@pytest.mark.xfail(sys.platform == "win32", reason="https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/39850")
+def test_find_external_single_package(mock_executable):
     cmake_path = mock_executable("cmake", output="echo cmake version 1.foo")
-    executables_found({str(cmake_path): define_plat_exe("cmake")})
+    search_dir = cmake_path.parent.parent
 
-    pkg_to_entries = spack.detection.by_executable(pkgs_to_check)
+    specs_by_package = spack.detection.by_path(["cmake"], path_hints=[str(search_dir)])
 
-    pkg, entries = next(iter(pkg_to_entries.items()))
-    single_entry = next(iter(entries))
-
-    assert single_entry.spec == Spec("cmake@1.foo")
+    assert len(specs_by_package) == 1 and "cmake" in specs_by_package
+    detected_spec = specs_by_package["cmake"]
+    assert len(detected_spec) == 1 and detected_spec[0].spec == Spec("cmake@1.foo")
 
 
-def test_find_external_two_instances_same_package(
-    mock_executable, executables_found, _platform_executables
-):
-    pkgs_to_check = [spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("cmake")]
-
+def test_find_external_two_instances_same_package(mock_executable, _platform_executables):
     # Each of these cmake instances is created in a different prefix
     # In Windows, quoted strings are echo'd with quotes includes
     # we need to avoid that for proper regex.
-    cmake_path1 = mock_executable(
-        "cmake", output="echo cmake version 1.foo", subdir=("base1", "bin")
-    )
-    cmake_path2 = mock_executable(
-        "cmake", output="echo cmake version 3.17.2", subdir=("base2", "bin")
-    )
-    cmake_exe = define_plat_exe("cmake")
-    executables_found({str(cmake_path1): cmake_exe, str(cmake_path2): cmake_exe})
+    cmake1 = mock_executable("cmake", output="echo cmake version 1.foo", subdir=("base1", "bin"))
+    cmake2 = mock_executable("cmake", output="echo cmake version 3.17.2", subdir=("base2", "bin"))
+    search_paths = [str(cmake1.parent.parent), str(cmake2.parent.parent)]
 
-    pkg_to_entries = spack.detection.by_executable(pkgs_to_check)
+    finder = spack.detection.path.ExecutablesFinder()
+    detected_specs = finder.find(pkg_name="cmake", initial_guess=search_paths)
 
-    pkg, entries = next(iter(pkg_to_entries.items()))
-    spec_to_path = dict((e.spec, e.prefix) for e in entries)
+    assert len(detected_specs) == 2
+    spec_to_path = {e.spec: e.prefix for e in detected_specs}
     assert spec_to_path[Spec("cmake@1.foo")] == (
-        spack.detection.executable_prefix(os.path.dirname(cmake_path1))
+        spack.detection.executable_prefix(str(cmake1.parent))
     )
     assert spec_to_path[Spec("cmake@3.17.2")] == (
-        spack.detection.executable_prefix(os.path.dirname(cmake_path2))
+        spack.detection.executable_prefix(str(cmake2.parent))
     )
 
 
@@ -112,23 +103,6 @@ def test_get_executables(working_env, mock_executable):
 external = SpackCommand("external")
 
 
-def test_find_external_cmd(mutable_config, working_env, mock_executable, _platform_executables):
-    """Test invoking 'spack external find' with additional package arguments,
-    which restricts the set of packages that Spack looks for.
-    """
-    cmake_path1 = mock_executable("cmake", output="echo cmake version 1.foo")
-    prefix = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(cmake_path1))
-
-    os.environ["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([os.path.dirname(cmake_path1)])
-    external("find", "cmake")
-
-    pkgs_cfg = spack.config.get("packages")
-    cmake_cfg = pkgs_cfg["cmake"]
-    cmake_externals = cmake_cfg["externals"]
-
-    assert {"spec": "cmake@1.foo", "prefix": prefix} in cmake_externals
-
-
 def test_find_external_cmd_not_buildable(mutable_config, working_env, mock_executable):
     """When the user invokes 'spack external find --not-buildable', the config
     for any package where Spack finds an external version should be marked as
@@ -138,50 +112,29 @@ def test_find_external_cmd_not_buildable(mutable_config, working_env, mock_execu
     os.environ["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([os.path.dirname(cmake_path1)])
     external("find", "--not-buildable", "cmake")
     pkgs_cfg = spack.config.get("packages")
+    assert "cmake" in pkgs_cfg
     assert not pkgs_cfg["cmake"]["buildable"]
 
 
-def test_find_external_cmd_full_repo(
-    mutable_config, working_env, mock_executable, mutable_mock_repo, _platform_executables
-):
-    """Test invoking 'spack external find' with no additional arguments, which
-    iterates through each package in the repository.
-    """
-    exe_path1 = mock_executable("find-externals1-exe", output="echo find-externals1 version 1.foo")
-    prefix = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(exe_path1))
-    os.environ["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([os.path.dirname(exe_path1)])
-    external("find", "--all")
-
-    pkgs_cfg = spack.config.get("packages")
-    pkg_cfg = pkgs_cfg["find-externals1"]
-    pkg_externals = pkg_cfg["externals"]
-
-    assert {"spec": "find-externals1@1.foo", "prefix": prefix} in pkg_externals
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "names,tags,exclude,expected",
+    [
+        # find --all
+        (None, ["detectable"], [], ["find-externals1"]),
+        # find --all --exclude find-externals1
+        (None, ["detectable"], ["find-externals1"], []),
+        # find cmake (and cmake is not detectable)
+        (["cmake"], ["detectable"], [], []),
+    ],
+)
+def test_package_selection(names, tags, exclude, expected, mutable_mock_repo):
+    """Tests various cases of selecting packages"""
+    # In the mock repo we only have 'find-externals1' that is detectable
+    result = spack.cmd.external.packages_to_search_for(names=names, tags=tags, exclude=exclude)
+    assert set(result) == set(expected)
 
 
-def test_find_external_cmd_exclude(
-    mutable_config, working_env, mock_executable, mutable_mock_repo, _platform_executables
-):
-    """Test invoking 'spack external find --all --exclude', to ensure arbitary
-    external packages can be ignored.
-    """
-    exe_path1 = mock_executable("find-externals1-exe", output="echo find-externals1 version 1.foo")
-    os.environ["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join([os.path.dirname(exe_path1)])
-    external("find", "--all", "--exclude=find-externals1")
-
-    pkgs_cfg = spack.config.get("packages")
-
-    assert "find-externals1" not in pkgs_cfg.keys()
-
-
-def test_find_external_no_manifest(
-    mutable_config,
-    working_env,
-    mock_executable,
-    mutable_mock_repo,
-    _platform_executables,
-    monkeypatch,
-):
+def test_find_external_no_manifest(mutable_config, working_env, mutable_mock_repo, monkeypatch):
     """The user runs 'spack external find'; the default path for storing
     manifest files does not exist. Ensure that the command does not
     fail.
@@ -194,13 +147,7 @@ def test_find_external_no_manifest(
 
 
 def test_find_external_empty_default_manifest_dir(
-    mutable_config,
-    working_env,
-    mock_executable,
-    mutable_mock_repo,
-    _platform_executables,
-    tmpdir,
-    monkeypatch,
+    mutable_config, working_env, mutable_mock_repo, tmpdir, monkeypatch
 ):
     """The user runs 'spack external find'; the default path for storing
     manifest files exists but is empty. Ensure that the command does not
@@ -215,13 +162,7 @@ def test_find_external_empty_default_manifest_dir(
 @pytest.mark.not_on_windows("Can't chmod on Windows")
 @pytest.mark.skipif(getuid() == 0, reason="user is root")
 def test_find_external_manifest_with_bad_permissions(
-    mutable_config,
-    working_env,
-    mock_executable,
-    mutable_mock_repo,
-    _platform_executables,
-    tmpdir,
-    monkeypatch,
+    mutable_config, working_env, mutable_mock_repo, tmpdir, monkeypatch
 ):
     """The user runs 'spack external find'; the default path for storing
     manifest files exists but with insufficient permissions. Check that
@@ -262,12 +203,7 @@ def fail():
 
 
 def test_find_external_nonempty_default_manifest_dir(
-    mutable_database,
-    mutable_mock_repo,
-    _platform_executables,
-    tmpdir,
-    monkeypatch,
-    directory_with_manifest,
+    mutable_database, mutable_mock_repo, tmpdir, monkeypatch, directory_with_manifest
 ):
     """The user runs 'spack external find'; the default manifest directory
     contains a manifest file. Ensure that the specs are read.
@@ -312,6 +248,7 @@ def test_list_detectable_packages(mutable_config, mutable_mock_repo):
     assert external.returncode == 0
 
 
+@pytest.mark.xfail(sys.platform == "win32", reason="https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/39850")
 def test_packages_yaml_format(mock_executable, mutable_config, monkeypatch, _platform_executables):
     # Prepare an environment to detect a fake gcc
     gcc_exe = mock_executable("gcc", output="echo 4.2.1")
@@ -337,11 +274,8 @@ def test_packages_yaml_format(mock_executable, mutable_config, monkeypatch, _pla
 
 
 def test_overriding_prefix(mock_executable, mutable_config, monkeypatch, _platform_executables):
-    # Prepare an environment to detect a fake gcc that
-    # override its external prefix
     gcc_exe = mock_executable("gcc", output="echo 4.2.1")
-    prefix = os.path.dirname(gcc_exe)
-    monkeypatch.setenv("PATH", prefix)
+    search_dir = gcc_exe.parent
 
     @classmethod
     def _determine_variants(cls, exes, version_str):
@@ -350,18 +284,17 @@ def _determine_variants(cls, exes, version_str):
     gcc_cls = spack.repo.PATH.get_pkg_class("gcc")
     monkeypatch.setattr(gcc_cls, "determine_variants", _determine_variants)
 
-    # Find the external spec
-    external("find", "gcc")
+    finder = spack.detection.path.ExecutablesFinder()
+    detected_specs = finder.find(pkg_name="gcc", initial_guess=[str(search_dir)])
 
-    # Check entries in 'packages.yaml'
-    packages_yaml = spack.config.get("packages")
-    assert "gcc" in packages_yaml
-    assert "externals" in packages_yaml["gcc"]
-    externals = packages_yaml["gcc"]["externals"]
-    assert len(externals) == 1
-    assert externals[0]["prefix"] == os.path.sep + os.path.join("opt", "gcc", "bin")
+    assert len(detected_specs) == 1
+
+    gcc = detected_specs[0].spec
+    assert gcc.name == "gcc"
+    assert gcc.external_path == os.path.sep + os.path.join("opt", "gcc", "bin")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.xfail(sys.platform == "win32", reason="https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/39850")
 def test_new_entries_are_reported_correctly(
     mock_executable, mutable_config, monkeypatch, _platform_executables
 ):

lib/spack/spack/test/concretize.py

@@ -16,15 +16,17 @@
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.concretize
 import spack.config
+import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.detection
 import spack.error
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.platforms
 import spack.repo
+import spack.solver.asp
 import spack.variant as vt
 from spack.concretize import find_spec
 from spack.spec import CompilerSpec, Spec
-from spack.version import ver
+from spack.version import Version, ver
 
 
 def check_spec(abstract, concrete):
@@ -234,13 +236,13 @@ def test_concretize_mention_build_dep(self):
         # Check parent's perspective of child
         to_dependencies = spec.edges_to_dependencies(name="cmake")
         assert len(to_dependencies) == 1
-        assert set(to_dependencies[0].deptypes) == set(["build"])
+        assert to_dependencies[0].depflag == dt.BUILD
 
         # Check child's perspective of parent
         cmake = spec["cmake"]
         from_dependents = cmake.edges_from_dependents(name="cmake-client")
         assert len(from_dependents) == 1
-        assert set(from_dependents[0].deptypes) == set(["build"])
+        assert from_dependents[0].depflag == dt.BUILD
 
     def test_concretize_preferred_version(self):
         spec = check_concretize("python")
@@ -1598,8 +1600,6 @@ def test_reuse_with_unknown_package_dont_raise(self, tmpdir, monkeypatch):
     )
     @pytest.mark.only_clingo("Original concretizer cannot concretize in rounds")
     def test_best_effort_coconcretize(self, specs, expected):
-        import spack.solver.asp
-
         specs = [Spec(s) for s in specs]
         solver = spack.solver.asp.Solver()
         solver.reuse = False
@@ -1643,8 +1643,6 @@ def test_best_effort_coconcretize(self, specs, expected):
     @pytest.mark.only_clingo("Original concretizer cannot concretize in rounds")
     def test_best_effort_coconcretize_preferences(self, specs, expected_spec, occurances):
         """Test package preferences during coconcretization."""
-        import spack.solver.asp
-
         specs = [Spec(s) for s in specs]
         solver = spack.solver.asp.Solver()
         solver.reuse = False
@@ -1660,8 +1658,6 @@ def test_best_effort_coconcretize_preferences(self, specs, expected_spec, occura
 
     @pytest.mark.only_clingo("Use case not supported by the original concretizer")
     def test_coconcretize_reuse_and_virtuals(self):
-        import spack.solver.asp
-
         reusable_specs = []
         for s in ["mpileaks ^mpich", "zmpi"]:
             reusable_specs.extend(Spec(s).concretized().traverse(root=True))
@@ -1682,8 +1678,6 @@ def test_misleading_error_message_on_version(self, mutable_database):
         # For this bug to be triggered we need a reusable dependency
         # that is not optimal in terms of optimization scores.
         # We pick an old version of "b"
-        import spack.solver.asp
-
         reusable_specs = [Spec("non-existing-conditional-dep@1.0").concretized()]
         root_spec = Spec("non-existing-conditional-dep@2.0")
 
@@ -1699,8 +1693,6 @@ def test_misleading_error_message_on_version(self, mutable_database):
     @pytest.mark.only_clingo("Use case not supported by the original concretizer")
     def test_version_weight_and_provenance(self):
         """Test package preferences during coconcretization."""
-        import spack.solver.asp
-
         reusable_specs = [Spec(spec_str).concretized() for spec_str in ("b@0.9", "b@1.0")]
         root_spec = Spec("a foobar=bar")
 
@@ -1732,8 +1724,6 @@ def test_version_weight_and_provenance(self):
     @pytest.mark.regression("31169")
     @pytest.mark.only_clingo("Use case not supported by the original concretizer")
     def test_not_reusing_incompatible_os_or_compiler(self):
-        import spack.solver.asp
-
         root_spec = Spec("b")
         s = root_spec.concretized()
         wrong_compiler, wrong_os = s.copy(), s.copy()
@@ -1954,7 +1944,7 @@ def test_external_python_extension_find_dependency_from_detection(self, monkeypa
         def find_fake_python(classes, path_hints):
             return {"python": [spack.detection.DetectedPackage(python_spec, prefix=path_hints[0])]}
 
-        monkeypatch.setattr(spack.detection, "by_executable", find_fake_python)
+        monkeypatch.setattr(spack.detection, "by_path", find_fake_python)
         external_conf = {
             "py-extension1": {
                 "buildable": False,
@@ -2099,6 +2089,29 @@ def test_virtuals_are_annotated_on_edges(self, spec_str, default_mock_concretiza
         edges = spec.edges_to_dependencies(name="callpath")
         assert len(edges) == 1 and edges[0].virtuals == ()
 
+    @pytest.mark.only_clingo("Use case not supported by the original concretizer")
+    @pytest.mark.db
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "spec_str,mpi_name",
+        [("mpileaks", "mpich"), ("mpileaks ^mpich2", "mpich2"), ("mpileaks ^zmpi", "zmpi")],
+    )
+    def test_virtuals_are_reconstructed_on_reuse(self, spec_str, mpi_name, database):
+        """Tests that when we reuse a spec, virtual on edges are reconstructed correctly"""
+        with spack.config.override("concretizer:reuse", True):
+            spec = Spec(spec_str).concretized()
+            assert spec.installed
+            mpi_edges = spec.edges_to_dependencies(mpi_name)
+            assert len(mpi_edges) == 1
+            assert "mpi" in mpi_edges[0].virtuals
+
+    @pytest.mark.only_clingo("Use case not supported by the original concretizer")
+    def test_dont_define_new_version_from_input_if_checksum_required(self, working_env):
+        os.environ["SPACK_CONCRETIZER_REQUIRE_CHECKSUM"] = "yes"
+        with pytest.raises(spack.error.UnsatisfiableSpecError):
+            # normally spack concretizes to @=3.0 if it's not defined in package.py, except
+            # when checksums are required
+            Spec("a@=3.0").concretized()
+
 
 @pytest.fixture()
 def duplicates_test_repository():
@@ -2193,3 +2206,39 @@ def test_solution_without_cycles(self):
         s = Spec("cycle-b").concretized()
         assert s["cycle-a"].satisfies("~cycle")
         assert s["cycle-b"].satisfies("+cycle")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "v_str,v_opts,checksummed",
+    [
+        ("1.2.3", {"sha256": f"{1:064x}"}, True),
+        # it's not about the version being "infinite",
+        # but whether it has a digest
+        ("develop", {"sha256": f"{1:064x}"}, True),
+        # other hash types
+        ("1.2.3", {"checksum": f"{1:064x}"}, True),
+        ("1.2.3", {"md5": f"{1:032x}"}, True),
+        ("1.2.3", {"sha1": f"{1:040x}"}, True),
+        ("1.2.3", {"sha224": f"{1:056x}"}, True),
+        ("1.2.3", {"sha384": f"{1:096x}"}, True),
+        ("1.2.3", {"sha512": f"{1:0128x}"}, True),
+        # no digest key
+        ("1.2.3", {"bogus": f"{1:064x}"}, False),
+        # git version with full commit sha
+        ("1.2.3", {"commit": f"{1:040x}"}, True),
+        (f"{1:040x}=1.2.3", {}, True),
+        # git version with short commit sha
+        ("1.2.3", {"commit": f"{1:07x}"}, False),
+        (f"{1:07x}=1.2.3", {}, False),
+        # git tag is a moving target
+        ("1.2.3", {"tag": "v1.2.3"}, False),
+        ("1.2.3", {"tag": "v1.2.3", "commit": f"{1:07x}"}, False),
+        # git branch is a moving target
+        ("1.2.3", {"branch": "releases/1.2"}, False),
+        # git ref is a moving target
+        ("git.branch=1.2.3", {}, False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_drop_moving_targets(v_str, v_opts, checksummed):
+    v = Version(v_str)
+    assert spack.solver.asp._is_checksummed_version((v, v_opts)) == checksummed

lib/spack/spack/test/concretize_requirements.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+import os
 import pathlib
 
 import pytest
@@ -299,9 +300,14 @@ def test_requirement_adds_version_satisfies(
     assert s1.satisfies("@2.2")
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("require_checksum", (True, False))
 def test_requirement_adds_git_hash_version(
-    concretize_scope, test_repo, mock_git_version_info, monkeypatch
+    require_checksum, concretize_scope, test_repo, mock_git_version_info, monkeypatch, working_env
 ):
+    # A full commit sha is a checksummed version, so this test should pass in both cases
+    if require_checksum:
+        os.environ["SPACK_CONCRETIZER_REQUIRE_CHECKSUM"] = "yes"
+
     repo_path, filename, commits = mock_git_version_info
     monkeypatch.setattr(
         spack.package_base.PackageBase, "git", path_to_file_url(repo_path), raising=False

lib/spack/spack/test/config.py

@@ -277,6 +277,25 @@ def test_add_config_path(mutable_config):
     compilers = spack.config.get("packages")["all"]["compiler"]
     assert "gcc" in compilers
 
+    # Try quotes to escape brackets
+    path = "config:install_tree:projections:cmake:\
+'{architecture}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}/{name}-{version}-{hash}'"
+    spack.config.add(path)
+    set_value = spack.config.get("config")["install_tree"]["projections"]["cmake"]
+    assert set_value == "{architecture}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}/{name}-{version}-{hash}"
+
+    # NOTE:
+    # The config path: "config:install_tree:root:<path>" is unique in that it can accept multiple
+    # schemas (such as a dropped "root" component) which is atypical and may lead to passing tests
+    # when the behavior is in reality incorrect.
+    # the config path below is such that no subkey accepts a string as a valid entry in our schema
+
+    # try quotes to escape colons
+    path = "config:build_stage:'C:\\path\\to\\config.yaml'"
+    spack.config.add(path)
+    set_value = spack.config.get("config")["build_stage"]
+    assert "C:\\path\\to\\config.yaml" in set_value
+
 
 @pytest.mark.regression("17543,23259")
 def test_add_config_path_with_enumerated_type(mutable_config):

lib/spack/spack/test/conftest.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 import llnl.util.lang
 import llnl.util.lock
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.filesystem import copy_tree, mkdirp, remove_linked_tree, working_dir
+from llnl.util.filesystem import copy_tree, mkdirp, remove_linked_tree, touchp, working_dir
 
 import spack.binary_distribution
 import spack.caches
@@ -565,6 +565,8 @@ def mock_repo_path():
 def _pkg_install_fn(pkg, spec, prefix):
     # sanity_check_prefix requires something in the install directory
     mkdirp(prefix.bin)
+    if not os.path.exists(spec.package.build_log_path):
+        touchp(spec.package.build_log_path)
 
 
 @pytest.fixture