Merge branch 'develop' into woptim/extend-commit-fetch

The patches don't have a stable checksum.

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # .git-blame-ignore-revs
-# Formatted entire codebase with black
+# Formatted entire codebase with black 23
+603569e321013a1a63a637813c94c2834d0a0023
+# Formatted entire codebase with black 22
 f52f6e99dbf1131886a80112b8c79dfc414afb7c

.gitattributes

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 *.py diff=python
 *.lp linguist-language=Prolog
 lib/spack/external/* linguist-vendored
+*.bat text eol=crlf

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@e81a89b1732b9c48d79cd809d8d81d79c4647a18 # @v1
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8c0edbc76e98fa90f69d9a2c020dcb50019dc325 # @v1
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f03ac48505955848960e80bbb68046aa35c7b9e7 # @v1
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
         uses: docker/login-action@f4ef78c080cd8ba55a85445d5b36e214a81df20a # @v1
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build & Deploy ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@37abcedcc1da61a57767b7588cb9d03eb57e28b3 # @v2
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@3b5e8027fcad23fda98b2e3ac259d8d67585f671 # @v2
         with:
           context: dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.dockerfile[1] }}

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ jobs:
         cache: 'pip'
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools types-six black mypy isort clingo flake8
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools types-six black==23.1.0 mypy isort clingo flake8
     - name: Setup git configuration
       run: |
         # Need this for the git tests to succeed.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,28 @@
+# v0.19.1 (2023-02-07)
+
+### Spack Bugfixes
+
+* `buildcache create`: make "file exists" less verbose (#35019)
+* `spack mirror create`: don't change paths to urls (#34992)
+* Improve error message for requirements (#33988)
+* uninstall: fix accidental cubic complexity (#34005)
+* scons: fix signature for `install_args` (#34481)
+* Fix `combine_phase_logs` text encoding issues (#34657)
+* Use a module-like object to propagate changes in the MRO, when setting build env (#34059)
+* PackageBase should not define builder legacy attributes (#33942)
+* Forward lookup of the "run_tests" attribute (#34531)
+* Bugfix for timers (#33917, #33900)
+* Fix path handling in prefix inspections (#35318)
+* Fix libtool filter for Fujitsu compilers (#34916)
+* Bug fix for duplicate rpath errors on macOS when creating build caches (#34375)
+* FileCache: delete the new cache file on exception (#34623)
+* Propagate exceptions from Spack python console (#34547)
+* Tests: Fix a bug/typo in a `config_values.py` fixture (#33886)
+* Various CI fixes (#33953, #34560, #34560, #34828)
+* Docs: remove monitors and analyzers, typos (#34358, #33926)
+* bump release version for tutorial command (#33859)
+
+
 # v0.19.0 (2022-11-11)
 
 `v0.19.0` is a major feature release.

bin/spack-tmpconfig

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ config:
     root: $TMP_DIR/install
   misc_cache: $$user_cache_path/cache
   source_cache: $$user_cache_path/source
+  environments_root: $TMP_DIR/envs
 EOF
 cat >"$SPACK_USER_CONFIG_PATH/bootstrap.yaml" <<EOF
 bootstrap:

bin/spack.bat

@@ -83,6 +83,16 @@ if defined _sp_flags (
         exit /B 0
     )
 )
+if not defined _sp_subcommand (
+   if not defined _sp_args (
+      if not defined _sp_flags (
+         python "%spack%" --help
+         exit /B 0
+      )
+   )
+)
+
+
 :: pass parsed variables outside of local scope. Need to do
 :: this because delayedexpansion can only be set by setlocal
 echo %_sp_flags%>flags
@@ -92,24 +102,24 @@ endlocal
 set /p _sp_subcommand=<subcmd
 set /p _sp_flags=<flags
 set /p _sp_args=<args
-set str_subcommand=%_sp_subcommand:"='%
-set str_flags=%_sp_flags:"='%
-set str_args=%_sp_args:"='%
-if "%str_subcommand%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_subcommand=")
-if "%str_flags%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_flags=")
-if "%str_args%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_args=")
+if "%_sp_subcommand%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_subcommand=")
+if "%_sp_subcommand%"=="ECHO is on." (set "_sp_subcommand=")
+if "%_sp_flags%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_flags=")
+if "%_sp_flags%"=="ECHO is on." (set "_sp_flags=")
+if "%_sp_args%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_args=")
+if "%_sp_args%"=="ECHO is on." (set "_sp_args=")
 del subcmd
 del flags
 del args
 
 :: Filter out some commands. For any others, just run the command.
-if "%_sp_subcommand%" == "cd" (
+if %_sp_subcommand% == "cd" (
     goto :case_cd
-) else if "%_sp_subcommand%" == "env" (
+) else if %_sp_subcommand% == "env" (
     goto :case_env
-) else if "%_sp_subcommand%" == "load" (
+) else if %_sp_subcommand% == "load" (
     goto :case_load
-) else if "%_sp_subcommand%" == "unload" (
+) else if %_sp_subcommand% == "unload" (
     goto :case_load
 ) else (
     goto :default_case
@@ -143,19 +153,21 @@ goto :end_switch
 :: If no args or args contain --bat or -h/--help: just execute.
 if NOT defined _sp_args (
     goto :default_case
-)else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:--help=%" (
+)
+set args_no_quote=%_sp_args:"=%
+if NOT "%args_no_quote%"=="%args_no_quote:--help=%" (
     goto :default_case
-) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args: -h=%" (
+) else if NOT "%args_no_quote%"=="%args_no_quote: -h=%" (
     goto :default_case
-) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:--bat=%" (
+) else if NOT "%args_no_quote%"=="%args_no_quote:--bat=%" (
     goto :default_case
-) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:deactivate=%" (
+) else if NOT "%args_no_quote%"=="%args_no_quote:deactivate=%" (
     for /f "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%I in (
-        `call python "%spack%" %_sp_flags% env deactivate --bat %_sp_args:deactivate=%`
+        `call python %spack% %_sp_flags% env deactivate --bat %args_no_quote:deactivate=%`
     ) do %%I
-) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:activate=%" (
+) else if NOT "%args_no_quote%"=="%args_no_quote:activate=%" (
     for /f "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%I in (
-        `call python "%spack%" %_sp_flags% env activate --bat %_sp_args:activate=%`
+        `python %spack% %_sp_flags% env activate --bat %args_no_quote:activate=%`
     ) do %%I
 ) else (
     goto :default_case
@@ -214,10 +226,10 @@ for %%Z in ("%_pa_new_path%") do if EXIST %%~sZ\NUL (
 exit /b 0
 
 :: set module system roots
-:_sp_multi_pathadd 
+:_sp_multi_pathadd
 for %%I in (%~2) do (
     for %%Z in (%_sp_compatible_sys_types%) do (
         :pathadd "%~1" "%%I\%%Z"
     )
 )
-exit /B %ERRORLEVEL%
+exit /B %ERRORLEVEL%

etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml

@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ config:
   source_cache: $spack/var/spack/cache
 
 
+  ## Directory where spack managed environments are created and stored
+  # environments_root: $spack/var/spack/environments
+
+
   # Cache directory for miscellaneous files, like the package index.
   # This can be purged with `spack clean --misc-cache`
   misc_cache: $user_cache_path/cache
@@ -181,7 +185,7 @@ config:
   # when Spack needs to manage its own package metadata and all operations are
   # expected to complete within the default time limit. The timeout should
   # therefore generally be left untouched.
-  db_lock_timeout: 3
+  db_lock_timeout: 60
 
 
   # How long to wait when attempting to modify a package (e.g. to install it).

lib/spack/docs/.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ llnl*.rst
 _build
 .spack-env
 spack.lock
+_spack_root

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/pythonpackage.rst

@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ If the ``pyproject.toml`` lists ``mesonpy`` as the ``build-backend``,
 it uses the meson build system. Meson uses the default
 ``pyproject.toml`` keys to list dependencies.
 
-See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage/start.html
+See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/introduction.html
 for more information.
 
 """

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/wafpackage.rst

@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ Testing
 ``WafPackage`` also provides ``test`` and ``installtest`` methods,
 which are run after the ``build`` and ``install`` phases, respectively.
 By default, these phases do nothing, but you can override them to
-run package-specific unit tests. For example, the
-`py-py2cairo <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/py-py2cairo/package.py>`_
-package uses:
+run package-specific unit tests.
 
 .. code-block:: python
 

lib/spack/docs/conf.py

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
 # Enable todo items
 todo_include_todos = True
 
+
 #
 # Disable duplicate cross-reference warnings.
 #
@@ -353,9 +354,7 @@ class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
-latex_documents = [
-    ("index", "Spack.tex", "Spack Documentation", "Todd Gamblin", "manual"),
-]
+latex_documents = [("index", "Spack.tex", "Spack Documentation", "Todd Gamblin", "manual")]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
@@ -402,7 +401,7 @@ class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
         "Spack",
         "One line description of project.",
         "Miscellaneous",
-    ),
+    )
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
@@ -418,6 +417,4 @@ class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
 # -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------
 
 # sphinx.ext.intersphinx
-intersphinx_mapping = {
-    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
-}
+intersphinx_mapping = {"python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None)}

lib/spack/docs/config_yaml.rst

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ and location. (See the *Configuration settings* section of ``man
 ccache`` to learn more about the default settings and how to change
 them). Please note that we currently disable ccache's ``hash_dir``
 feature to avoid an issue with the stage directory (see
-https://github.com/LLNL/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
+https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
 
 -----------------------
 ``shared_linking:type``

lib/spack/docs/contribution_guide.rst

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ make another change, test that change, etc.  We use `pytest
 <http://pytest.org/>`_ as our tests framework, and these types of
 arguments are just passed to the ``pytest`` command underneath. See `the
 pytest docs
-<http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_
+<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
 for more details on test selection syntax.
 
 ``spack unit-test`` has a few special options that can help you
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ you want to know about.  For example, to see just the tests in
 
 You can also combine any of these options with a ``pytest`` keyword
 search.  See the `pytest usage docs
-<https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_:
+<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
 for more details on test selection syntax. For example, to see the names of all tests that have "spec"
 or "concretize" somewhere in their names:
 

lib/spack/docs/environments.rst

@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ Using Environments
 Here we follow a typical use case of creating, concretizing,
 installing and loading an environment.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Creating a named Environment
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Creating a managed Environment
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 An environment is created by:
 
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ Spack then creates the directory ``var/spack/environments/myenv``.
 
 .. note::
 
-   All named environments are stored in the ``var/spack/environments`` folder.
+   All managed environments by default are stored in the ``var/spack/environments`` folder.
+   This location can be changed by setting the ``environments_root`` variable in ``config.yaml``.
 
 In the ``var/spack/environments/myenv`` directory, Spack creates the
 file ``spack.yaml`` and the hidden directory ``.spack-env``.

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ be present on the machine where Spack is run:
    :header-rows: 1
 
 These requirements can be easily installed on most modern Linux systems;
-on macOS, the Command Line Tools package is required, and a full XCode suite 
+on macOS, the Command Line Tools package is required, and a full XCode suite
 may be necessary for some packages such as Qt and apple-gl. Spack is designed
 to run on HPC platforms like Cray.  Not all packages should be expected
 to work on all platforms.
@@ -1506,7 +1506,7 @@ Spack On Windows
 
 Windows support for Spack is currently under development. While this work is still in an early stage,
 it is currently possible to set up Spack and perform a few operations on Windows.  This section will guide
-you through the steps needed to install Spack and start running it on a fresh Windows machine. 
+you through the steps needed to install Spack and start running it on a fresh Windows machine.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Step 1: Install prerequisites
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ To use Spack on Windows, you will need the following packages:
 
 Required:
 * Microsoft Visual Studio
-* Python 
+* Python
 * Git
 
 Optional:
@@ -1547,8 +1547,8 @@ Intel Fortran
 """""""""""""
 
 For Fortran-based packages on Windows, we strongly recommend Intel's oneAPI Fortran compilers.
-The suite is free to download from Intel's website, located at 
-https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html#gs.70t5tw.
+The suite is free to download from Intel's website, located at
+https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html.
 The executable of choice for Spack will be Intel's Beta Compiler, ifx, which supports the classic
 compiler's (ifort's) frontend and runtime libraries by using LLVM.
 

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ Go
 ^^
 
 Go isn't a VCS, it is a programming language with a builtin command,
-`go get <https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Download_and_install_packages_and_dependencies>`_,
+`go get <https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/go#hdr-Add_dependencies_to_current_module_and_install_them>`_,
 that fetches packages and their dependencies automatically.
 The destination directory will be the standard stage source path.
 
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ dynamic loader where to find its dependencies at runtime. You may be
 familiar with `LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 <http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Program-Library-HOWTO/shared-libraries.html>`_
 on Linux or `DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH
-<https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/dyld.1.html>`_
+<https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/System/Conceptual/ManPages_iPhoneOS/man3/dyld.3.html>`_
 on Mac OS X.  RPATH is similar to these paths, in that it tells
 the loader where to find libraries.  Unlike them, it is embedded in
 the binary and not set in each user's environment.
@@ -2429,7 +2429,7 @@ package, and a `canonical hash <https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/28156>`_ of
 the ``package.py`` recipes). ``test`` dependencies do not affect the package
 hash, as they are only used to construct a test environment *after* building and
 installing a given package installation. Older versions of Spack did not include
-build dependencies in the hash, but this has been 
+build dependencies in the hash, but this has been
 `fixed <https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/28504>`_ as of |Spack v0.18|_.
 
 .. |Spack v0.18| replace:: Spack ``v0.18``

lib/spack/llnl/util/filesystem.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 from llnl.util.lang import dedupe, memoized
 from llnl.util.symlink import islink, symlink
 
-from spack.util.executable import CommandNotFoundError, Executable, which
+from spack.util.executable import Executable, which
 from spack.util.path import path_to_os_path, system_path_filter
 
 is_windows = _platform == "win32"
@@ -84,6 +84,74 @@
     "visit_directory_tree",
 ]
 
+if sys.version_info < (3, 7, 4):
+    # monkeypatch shutil.copystat to fix PermissionError when copying read-only
+    # files on Lustre when using Python < 3.7.4
+
+    def copystat(src, dst, follow_symlinks=True):
+        """Copy file metadata
+        Copy the permission bits, last access time, last modification time, and
+        flags from `src` to `dst`. On Linux, copystat() also copies the "extended
+        attributes" where possible. The file contents, owner, and group are
+        unaffected. `src` and `dst` are path names given as strings.
+        If the optional flag `follow_symlinks` is not set, symlinks aren't
+        followed if and only if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks.
+        """
+
+        def _nop(args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
+            pass
+
+        # follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)
+        follow = follow_symlinks or not (os.path.islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst))
+        if follow:
+            # use the real function if it exists
+            def lookup(name):
+                return getattr(os, name, _nop)
+
+        else:
+            # use the real function only if it exists
+            # *and* it supports follow_symlinks
+            def lookup(name):
+                fn = getattr(os, name, _nop)
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+                    if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks:  # novermin
+                        return fn
+                return _nop
+
+        st = lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow)
+        mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
+        lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns), follow_symlinks=follow)
+
+        # We must copy extended attributes before the file is (potentially)
+        # chmod()'ed read-only, otherwise setxattr() will error with -EACCES.
+        shutil._copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow)
+
+        try:
+            lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            # if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because
+            #   * follow_symlinks=False,
+            #   * lchown() is unavailable, and
+            #   * either
+            #       * fchownat() is unavailable or
+            #       * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
+            #         (it returned ENOSUP.)
+            # therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the
+            # symlink.  give up, suppress the error.
+            # (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)
+            pass
+        if hasattr(st, "st_flags"):
+            try:
+                lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow)
+            except OSError as why:
+                for err in "EOPNOTSUPP", "ENOTSUP":
+                    if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err):
+                        break
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+    shutil.copystat = copystat
+
 
 def getuid():
     if is_windows:
@@ -117,13 +185,7 @@ def path_contains_subdirectory(path, root):
 @memoized
 def file_command(*args):
     """Creates entry point to `file` system command with provided arguments"""
-    try:
-        file_cmd = which("file", required=True)
-    except CommandNotFoundError as e:
-        if is_windows:
-            raise CommandNotFoundError("`file` utility is not available on Windows")
-        else:
-            raise e
+    file_cmd = which("file", required=True)
     for arg in args:
         file_cmd.add_default_arg(arg)
     return file_cmd
@@ -134,7 +196,11 @@ def _get_mime_type():
     """Generate method to call `file` system command to aquire mime type
     for a specified path
     """
-    return file_command("-b", "-h", "--mime-type")
+    if is_windows:
+        # -h option (no-dereference) does not exist in Windows
+        return file_command("-b", "--mime-type")
+    else:
+        return file_command("-b", "-h", "--mime-type")
 
 
 @memoized
@@ -270,7 +336,6 @@ def groupid_to_group(x):
         regex = re.escape(regex)
     filenames = path_to_os_path(*filenames)
     for filename in filenames:
-
         msg = 'FILTER FILE: {0} [replacing "{1}"]'
         tty.debug(msg.format(filename, regex))
 
@@ -1222,7 +1287,6 @@ def traverse_tree(
         # target is relative to the link, then that may not resolve properly
         # relative to our cwd - see resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link
         if os.path.isdir(source_child) and (follow_links or not os.path.islink(source_child)):
-
             # When follow_nonexisting isn't set, don't descend into dirs
             # in source that do not exist in dest
             if follow_nonexisting or os.path.exists(dest_child):
@@ -1664,7 +1728,6 @@ def find(root, files, recursive=True):
 
 @system_path_filter
 def _find_recursive(root, search_files):
-
     # The variable here is **on purpose** a defaultdict. The idea is that
     # we want to poke the filesystem as little as possible, but still maintain
     # stability in the order of the answer. Thus we are recording each library
@@ -2635,3 +2698,28 @@ def temporary_dir(
             yield tmp_dir
     finally:
         remove_directory_contents(tmp_dir)
+
+
+def filesummary(path, print_bytes=16) -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
+    """Create a small summary of the given file. Does not error
+    when file does not exist.
+
+    Args:
+        print_bytes (int): Number of bytes to print from start/end of file
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple of size and byte string containing first n .. last n bytes.
+        Size is 0 if file cannot be read."""
+    try:
+        n = print_bytes
+        with open(path, "rb") as f:
+            size = os.fstat(f.fileno()).st_size
+            if size <= 2 * n:
+                short_contents = f.read(2 * n)
+            else:
+                short_contents = f.read(n)
+                f.seek(-n, 2)
+                short_contents += b"..." + f.read(n)
+        return size, short_contents
+    except OSError:
+        return 0, b""

lib/spack/llnl/util/lang.py

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ def _memoized_function(*args, **kwargs):
         except TypeError as e:
             # TypeError is raised when indexing into a dict if the key is unhashable.
             raise UnhashableArguments(
-                "args + kwargs '{}' was not hashable for function '{}'".format(key, func.__name__),
+                "args + kwargs '{}' was not hashable for function '{}'".format(key, func.__name__)
             ) from e
 
     return _memoized_function
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ def decorator_with_or_without_args(decorator):
         @decorator
 
     """
+
     # See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/653368 for more on this
     @functools.wraps(decorator)
     def new_dec(*args, **kwargs):
@@ -990,8 +991,7 @@ def enum(**kwargs):
 
 
 def stable_partition(
-    input_iterable: Iterable,
-    predicate_fn: Callable[[Any], bool],
+    input_iterable: Iterable, predicate_fn: Callable[[Any], bool]
 ) -> Tuple[List[Any], List[Any]]:
     """Partition the input iterable according to a custom predicate.
 
@@ -1104,11 +1104,7 @@ def __enter__(self):
 
     def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
         if exc_value is not None:
-            self._handler._receive_forwarded(
-                self._context,
-                exc_value,
-                traceback.format_tb(tb),
-            )
+            self._handler._receive_forwarded(self._context, exc_value, traceback.format_tb(tb))
 
         # Suppress any exception from being re-raised:
         # https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__exit__.

lib/spack/llnl/util/link_tree.py

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def __init__(self, ignore=None):
         # so that we have a fast lookup and can run mkdir in order.
         self.directories = OrderedDict()
 
-        # Files to link. Maps dst_rel to (src_rel, src_root)
+        # Files to link. Maps dst_rel to (src_root, src_rel)
         self.files = OrderedDict()
 
     def before_visit_dir(self, root, rel_path, depth):
@@ -430,6 +430,11 @@ class MergeConflictError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
+class ConflictingSpecsError(MergeConflictError):
+    def __init__(self, spec_1, spec_2):
+        super(MergeConflictError, self).__init__(spec_1, spec_2)
+
+
 class SingleMergeConflictError(MergeConflictError):
     def __init__(self, path):
         super(MergeConflictError, self).__init__("Package merge blocked by file: %s" % path)

lib/spack/llnl/util/multiproc.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class Barrier:
 
     Python 2 doesn't have multiprocessing barriers so we implement this.
 
-    See http://greenteapress.com/semaphores/downey08semaphores.pdf, p. 41.
+    See https://greenteapress.com/semaphores/LittleBookOfSemaphores.pdf, p. 41.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, n, timeout=None):

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/__init__.py

@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ class SuppressOutput:
     """Class for disabling output in a scope using 'with' keyword"""
 
     def __init__(self, msg_enabled=True, warn_enabled=True, error_enabled=True):
-
         self._msg_enabled_initial = _msg_enabled
         self._warn_enabled_initial = _warn_enabled
         self._error_enabled_initial = _error_enabled

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/colify.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import io
 import os
 import sys
+from typing import IO, Any, List, Optional
 
 from llnl.util.tty import terminal_size
 from llnl.util.tty.color import cextra, clen
@@ -97,7 +98,16 @@ def config_uniform_cols(elts, console_width, padding, cols=0):
     return config
 
 
-def colify(elts, **options):
+def colify(
+    elts: List[Any],
+    cols: int = 0,
+    output: Optional[IO] = None,
+    indent: int = 0,
+    padding: int = 2,
+    tty: Optional[bool] = None,
+    method: str = "variable",
+    console_cols: Optional[int] = None,
+):
     """Takes a list of elements as input and finds a good columnization
     of them, similar to how gnu ls does. This supports both
     uniform-width and variable-width (tighter) columns.
@@ -106,31 +116,21 @@ def colify(elts, **options):
     using ``str()``.
 
     Keyword Arguments:
-        output (typing.IO): A file object to write to. Default is ``sys.stdout``
-        indent (int): Optionally indent all columns by some number of spaces
-        padding (int): Spaces between columns. Default is 2
-        width (int): Width of the output. Default is 80 if tty not detected
-        cols (int): Force number of columns. Default is to size to terminal, or
+        output: A file object to write to. Default is ``sys.stdout``
+        indent: Optionally indent all columns by some number of spaces
+        padding: Spaces between columns. Default is 2
+        width: Width of the output. Default is 80 if tty not detected
+        cols: Force number of columns. Default is to size to terminal, or
             single-column if no tty
-        tty (bool): Whether to attempt to write to a tty. Default is to autodetect a
+        tty: Whether to attempt to write to a tty. Default is to autodetect a
             tty. Set to False to force single-column output
-        method (str): Method to use to fit columns. Options are variable or uniform.
+        method: Method to use to fit columns. Options are variable or uniform.
             Variable-width columns are tighter, uniform columns are all the same width
             and fit less data on the screen
+        console_cols: number of columns on this console (default: autodetect)
     """
-    # Get keyword arguments or set defaults
-    cols = options.pop("cols", 0)
-    output = options.pop("output", sys.stdout)
-    indent = options.pop("indent", 0)
-    padding = options.pop("padding", 2)
-    tty = options.pop("tty", None)
-    method = options.pop("method", "variable")
-    console_cols = options.pop("width", None)
-
-    if options:
-        raise TypeError(
-            "'%s' is an invalid keyword argument for this function." % next(options.iterkeys())
-        )
+    if output is None:
+        output = sys.stdout
 
     # elts needs to be an array of strings so we can count the elements
     elts = [str(elt) for elt in elts]
@@ -153,10 +153,11 @@ def colify(elts, **options):
             cols = 1
 
     # Specify the number of character columns to use.
-    if not console_cols:
+    if console_cols is None:
         console_rows, console_cols = terminal_size()
-    elif type(console_cols) != int:
+    elif not isinstance(console_cols, int):
         raise ValueError("Number of columns must be an int")
+
     console_cols = max(1, console_cols - indent)
 
     # Choose a method.  Variable-width colums vs uniform-width.
@@ -192,7 +193,13 @@ def colify(elts, **options):
     return (config.cols, tuple(config.widths))
 
 
-def colify_table(table, **options):
+def colify_table(
+    table: List[List[Any]],
+    output: Optional[IO] = None,
+    indent: int = 0,
+    padding: int = 2,
+    console_cols: Optional[int] = None,
+):
     """Version of ``colify()`` for data expressed in rows, (list of lists).
 
     Same as regular colify but:
@@ -218,20 +225,38 @@ def transpose():
             for row in table:
                 yield row[i]
 
-    if "cols" in options:
-        raise ValueError("Cannot override columsn in colify_table.")
-    options["cols"] = columns
-
-    # don't reduce to 1 column for non-tty
-    options["tty"] = True
-
-    colify(transpose(), **options)
+    colify(
+        transpose(),
+        cols=columns,  # this is always the number of cols in the table
+        tty=True,  # don't reduce to 1 column for non-tty
+        output=output,
+        indent=indent,
+        padding=padding,
+        console_cols=console_cols,
+    )
 
 
-def colified(elts, **options):
+def colified(
+    elts: List[Any],
+    cols: int = 0,
+    output: Optional[IO] = None,
+    indent: int = 0,
+    padding: int = 2,
+    tty: Optional[bool] = None,
+    method: str = "variable",
+    console_cols: Optional[int] = None,
+):
     """Invokes the ``colify()`` function but returns the result as a string
     instead of writing it to an output string."""
     sio = io.StringIO()
-    options["output"] = sio
-    colify(elts, **options)
+    colify(
+        elts,
+        cols=cols,
+        output=sio,
+        indent=indent,
+        padding=padding,
+        tty=tty,
+        method=method,
+        console_cols=console_cols,
+    )
     return sio.getvalue()

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/log.py

@@ -161,10 +161,7 @@ def _is_background(self):
     def _get_canon_echo_flags(self):
         """Get current termios canonical and echo settings."""
         cfg = termios.tcgetattr(self.stream)
-        return (
-            bool(cfg[3] & termios.ICANON),
-            bool(cfg[3] & termios.ECHO),
-        )
+        return (bool(cfg[3] & termios.ICANON), bool(cfg[3] & termios.ECHO))
 
     def _enable_keyboard_input(self):
         """Disable canonical input and echoing on ``self.stream``."""

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/pty.py

@@ -77,10 +77,7 @@ def __init__(self, pid, controller_fd, timeout=1, sleep_time=1e-1, debug=False):
     def get_canon_echo_attrs(self):
         """Get echo and canon attributes of the terminal of controller_fd."""
         cfg = termios.tcgetattr(self.controller_fd)
-        return (
-            bool(cfg[3] & termios.ICANON),
-            bool(cfg[3] & termios.ECHO),
-        )
+        return (bool(cfg[3] & termios.ICANON), bool(cfg[3] & termios.ECHO))
 
     def horizontal_line(self, name):
         """Labled horizontal line for debugging."""
@@ -92,11 +89,7 @@ def status(self):
         if self.debug:
             canon, echo = self.get_canon_echo_attrs()
             sys.stderr.write(
-                "canon: %s, echo: %s\n"
-                % (
-                    "on" if canon else "off",
-                    "on" if echo else "off",
-                )
+                "canon: %s, echo: %s\n" % ("on" if canon else "off", "on" if echo else "off")
             )
             sys.stderr.write("input: %s\n" % self.input_on())
             sys.stderr.write("bg: %s\n" % self.background())

lib/spack/spack/audit.py

@@ -321,8 +321,7 @@ def _check_patch_urls(pkgs, error_cls):
                     errors.append(
                         error_cls(
                             "patch URL in package {0} must end with {1}".format(
-                                pkg_cls.name,
-                                full_index_arg,
+                                pkg_cls.name, full_index_arg
                             ),
                             [patch.url],
                         )

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@
 import spack.relocate as relocate
 import spack.repo
 import spack.store
+import spack.traverse as traverse
+import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.util.file_cache as file_cache
 import spack.util.gpg
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
@@ -209,10 +211,7 @@ def _associate_built_specs_with_mirror(self, cache_key, mirror_url):
                         break
                 else:
                     self._mirrors_for_spec[dag_hash].append(
-                        {
-                            "mirror_url": mirror_url,
-                            "spec": indexed_spec,
-                        }
+                        {"mirror_url": mirror_url, "spec": indexed_spec}
                     )
         finally:
             shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
@@ -294,10 +293,9 @@ def update_spec(self, spec, found_list):
                         cur_entry["spec"] = new_entry["spec"]
                         break
                 else:
-                    current_list.append = {
-                        "mirror_url": new_entry["mirror_url"],
-                        "spec": new_entry["spec"],
-                    }
+                    current_list.append(
+                        {"mirror_url": new_entry["mirror_url"], "spec": new_entry["spec"]}
+                    )
 
     def update(self, with_cooldown=False):
         """Make sure local cache of buildcache index files is up to date.
@@ -364,8 +362,7 @@ def update(self, with_cooldown=False):
                     # May need to fetch the index and update the local caches
                     try:
                         needs_regen = self._fetch_and_cache_index(
-                            cached_mirror_url,
-                            cache_entry=cache_entry,
+                            cached_mirror_url, cache_entry=cache_entry
                         )
                         self._last_fetch_times[cached_mirror_url] = (now, True)
                         all_methods_failed = False
@@ -557,7 +554,12 @@ class NoChecksumException(spack.error.SpackError):
     Raised if file fails checksum verification.
     """
 
-    pass
+    def __init__(self, path, size, contents, algorithm, expected, computed):
+        super(NoChecksumException, self).__init__(
+            f"{algorithm} checksum failed for {path}",
+            f"Expected {expected} but got {computed}. "
+            f"File size = {size} bytes. Contents = {contents!r}",
+        )
 
 
 class NewLayoutException(spack.error.SpackError):
@@ -1196,40 +1198,42 @@ def _build_tarball(
     ):
         raise NoOverwriteException(url_util.format(remote_specfile_path))
 
-    # make a copy of the install directory to work with
-    workdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.path.basename(spec.prefix))
-    # install_tree copies hardlinks
-    # create a temporary tarfile from prefix and exract it to workdir
-    # tarfile preserves hardlinks
-    temp_tarfile_name = tarball_name(spec, ".tar")
-    temp_tarfile_path = os.path.join(tarfile_dir, temp_tarfile_name)
-    with closing(tarfile.open(temp_tarfile_path, "w")) as tar:
-        tar.add(name="%s" % spec.prefix, arcname=".")
-    with closing(tarfile.open(temp_tarfile_path, "r")) as tar:
-        tar.extractall(workdir)
-    os.remove(temp_tarfile_path)
+    pkg_dir = os.path.basename(spec.prefix.rstrip(os.path.sep))
+    workdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, pkg_dir)
+
+    # TODO: We generally don't want to mutate any files, but when using relative
+    # mode, Spack unfortunately *does* mutate rpaths and links ahead of time.
+    # For now, we only make a full copy of the spec prefix when in relative mode.
+
+    if relative:
+        # tarfile is used because it preserves hardlink etc best.
+        binaries_dir = workdir
+        temp_tarfile_name = tarball_name(spec, ".tar")
+        temp_tarfile_path = os.path.join(tarfile_dir, temp_tarfile_name)
+        with closing(tarfile.open(temp_tarfile_path, "w")) as tar:
+            tar.add(name="%s" % spec.prefix, arcname=".")
+        with closing(tarfile.open(temp_tarfile_path, "r")) as tar:
+            tar.extractall(workdir)
+        os.remove(temp_tarfile_path)
+    else:
+        binaries_dir = spec.prefix
+        mkdirp(os.path.join(workdir, ".spack"))
 
     # create info for later relocation and create tar
     write_buildinfo_file(spec, workdir, relative)
 
     # optionally make the paths in the binaries relative to each other
     # in the spack install tree before creating tarball
-    if relative:
-        try:
+    try:
+        if relative:
             make_package_relative(workdir, spec, allow_root)
-        except Exception as e:
-            shutil.rmtree(workdir)
-            shutil.rmtree(tarfile_dir)
-            shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
-            tty.die(e)
-    else:
-        try:
-            check_package_relocatable(workdir, spec, allow_root)
-        except Exception as e:
-            shutil.rmtree(workdir)
-            shutil.rmtree(tarfile_dir)
-            shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
-            tty.die(e)
+        elif not allow_root:
+            ensure_package_relocatable(workdir, binaries_dir)
+    except Exception as e:
+        shutil.rmtree(workdir)
+        shutil.rmtree(tarfile_dir)
+        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
+        tty.die(e)
 
     # create gzip compressed tarball of the install prefix
     # On AMD Ryzen 3700X and an SSD disk, we have the following on compression speed:
@@ -1237,7 +1241,13 @@ def _build_tarball(
     # compresslevel=9 python default: llvm takes 12mins, roughly 2.1GB
     # So we follow gzip.
     with closing(tarfile.open(tarfile_path, "w:gz", compresslevel=6)) as tar:
-        tar.add(name="%s" % workdir, arcname="%s" % os.path.basename(spec.prefix))
+        tar.add(name=binaries_dir, arcname=pkg_dir)
+        if not relative:
+            # Add buildinfo file
+            buildinfo_path = buildinfo_file_name(workdir)
+            buildinfo_arcname = buildinfo_file_name(pkg_dir)
+            tar.add(name=buildinfo_path, arcname=buildinfo_arcname)
+
     # remove copy of install directory
     shutil.rmtree(workdir)
 
@@ -1298,57 +1308,48 @@ def _build_tarball(
     return None
 
 
-def nodes_to_be_packaged(specs, include_root=True, include_dependencies=True):
+def nodes_to_be_packaged(specs, root=True, dependencies=True):
     """Return the list of nodes to be packaged, given a list of specs.
 
     Args:
         specs (List[spack.spec.Spec]): list of root specs to be processed
-        include_root (bool): include the root of each spec in the nodes
-        include_dependencies (bool): include the dependencies of each
+        root (bool): include the root of each spec in the nodes
+        dependencies (bool): include the dependencies of each
             spec in the nodes
     """
-    if not include_root and not include_dependencies:
-        return set()
+    if not root and not dependencies:
+        return []
+    elif dependencies:
+        nodes = traverse.traverse_nodes(specs, root=root, deptype="all")
+    else:
+        nodes = set(specs)
 
-    def skip_node(current_node):
-        if current_node.external or current_node.virtual:
-            return True
-        return spack.store.db.query_one(current_node) is None
+    # Limit to installed non-externals.
+    packageable = lambda n: not n.external and n.installed
 
-    expanded_set = set()
-    for current_spec in specs:
-        if not include_dependencies:
-            nodes = [current_spec]
-        else:
-            nodes = [
-                n
-                for n in current_spec.traverse(
-                    order="post", root=include_root, deptype=("link", "run")
-                )
-            ]
-
-        for node in nodes:
-            if not skip_node(node):
-                expanded_set.add(node)
-
-    return expanded_set
+    # Mass install check
+    with spack.store.db.read_transaction():
+        return list(filter(packageable, nodes))
 
 
-def push(specs, push_url, specs_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
+def push(specs, push_url, include_root: bool = True, include_dependencies: bool = True, **kwargs):
     """Create a binary package for each of the specs passed as input and push them
     to a given push URL.
 
     Args:
         specs (List[spack.spec.Spec]): installed specs to be packaged
         push_url (str): url where to push the binary package
-        specs_kwargs (dict): dictionary with two possible boolean keys, "include_root"
-            and "include_dependencies", which determine which part of each spec is
-            packaged and pushed to the mirror
+        include_root (bool): include the root of each spec in the nodes
+        include_dependencies (bool): include the dependencies of each
+            spec in the nodes
         **kwargs: TODO
 
     """
-    specs_kwargs = specs_kwargs or {"include_root": True, "include_dependencies": True}
-    nodes = nodes_to_be_packaged(specs, **specs_kwargs)
+    # Be explicit about the arugment type
+    if type(include_root) != bool or type(include_dependencies) != bool:
+        raise ValueError("Expected include_root/include_dependencies to be True/False")
+
+    nodes = nodes_to_be_packaged(specs, root=include_root, dependencies=include_dependencies)
 
     # TODO: This seems to be an easy target for task
     # TODO: distribution using a parallel pool
@@ -1565,16 +1566,11 @@ def make_package_relative(workdir, spec, allow_root):
     relocate.make_link_relative(cur_path_names, orig_path_names)
 
 
-def check_package_relocatable(workdir, spec, allow_root):
-    """
-    Check if package binaries are relocatable.
-    Change links to placeholder links.
-    """
+def ensure_package_relocatable(workdir, binaries_dir):
+    """Check if package binaries are relocatable."""
     buildinfo = read_buildinfo_file(workdir)
-    cur_path_names = list()
-    for filename in buildinfo["relocate_binaries"]:
-        cur_path_names.append(os.path.join(workdir, filename))
-    allow_root or relocate.ensure_binaries_are_relocatable(cur_path_names)
+    binaries = [os.path.join(binaries_dir, f) for f in buildinfo["relocate_binaries"]]
+    relocate.ensure_binaries_are_relocatable(binaries)
 
 
 def dedupe_hardlinks_if_necessary(root, buildinfo):
@@ -1777,14 +1773,15 @@ def _extract_inner_tarball(spec, filename, extract_to, unsigned, remote_checksum
             raise UnsignedPackageException(
                 "To install unsigned packages, use the --no-check-signature option."
             )
-    # get the sha256 checksum of the tarball
+
+    # compute the sha256 checksum of the tarball
     local_checksum = checksum_tarball(tarfile_path)
+    expected = remote_checksum["hash"]
 
     # if the checksums don't match don't install
-    if local_checksum != remote_checksum["hash"]:
-        raise NoChecksumException(
-            "Package tarball failed checksum verification.\n" "It cannot be installed."
-        )
+    if local_checksum != expected:
+        size, contents = fsys.filesummary(tarfile_path)
+        raise NoChecksumException(tarfile_path, size, contents, "sha256", expected, local_checksum)
 
     return tarfile_path
 
@@ -1842,12 +1839,14 @@ def extract_tarball(spec, download_result, allow_root=False, unsigned=False, for
 
         # compute the sha256 checksum of the tarball
         local_checksum = checksum_tarball(tarfile_path)
+        expected = bchecksum["hash"]
 
         # if the checksums don't match don't install
-        if local_checksum != bchecksum["hash"]:
+        if local_checksum != expected:
+            size, contents = fsys.filesummary(tarfile_path)
             _delete_staged_downloads(download_result)
             raise NoChecksumException(
-                "Package tarball failed checksum verification.\n" "It cannot be installed."
+                tarfile_path, size, contents, "sha256", expected, local_checksum
             )
 
     new_relative_prefix = str(os.path.relpath(spec.prefix, spack.store.layout.root))
@@ -1938,8 +1937,11 @@ def install_root_node(spec, allow_root, unsigned=False, force=False, sha256=None
         tarball_path = download_result["tarball_stage"].save_filename
         msg = msg.format(tarball_path, sha256)
         if not checker.check(tarball_path):
+            size, contents = fsys.filesummary(tarball_path)
             _delete_staged_downloads(download_result)
-            raise spack.binary_distribution.NoChecksumException(msg)
+            raise NoChecksumException(
+                tarball_path, size, contents, checker.hash_name, sha256, checker.sum
+            )
         tty.debug("Verified SHA256 checksum of the build cache")
 
     # don't print long padded paths while extracting/relocating binaries
@@ -2013,12 +2015,7 @@ def try_direct_fetch(spec, mirrors=None):
             fetched_spec = Spec.from_json(specfile_contents)
         fetched_spec._mark_concrete()
 
-        found_specs.append(
-            {
-                "mirror_url": mirror.fetch_url,
-                "spec": fetched_spec,
-            }
-        )
+        found_specs.append({"mirror_url": mirror.fetch_url, "spec": fetched_spec})
 
     return found_specs
 
@@ -2320,11 +2317,7 @@ def download_single_spec(concrete_spec, destination, mirror_url=None):
     local_tarball_path = os.path.join(destination, tarball_dir_name)
 
     files_to_fetch = [
-        {
-            "url": [tarball_path_name],
-            "path": local_tarball_path,
-            "required": True,
-        },
+        {"url": [tarball_path_name], "path": local_tarball_path, "required": True},
         {
             "url": [
                 tarball_name(concrete_spec, ".spec.json.sig"),
@@ -2445,12 +2438,7 @@ def conditional_fetch(self):
                 response.headers.get("Etag", None) or response.headers.get("etag", None)
             )
 
-        return FetchIndexResult(
-            etag=etag,
-            hash=computed_hash,
-            data=result,
-            fresh=False,
-        )
+        return FetchIndexResult(etag=etag, hash=computed_hash, data=result, fresh=False)
 
 
 class EtagIndexFetcher:

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/__init__.py

@@ -5,11 +5,7 @@
 """Function and classes needed to bootstrap Spack itself."""
 
 from .config import ensure_bootstrap_configuration, is_bootstrapping
-from .core import (
-    all_core_root_specs,
-    ensure_core_dependencies,
-    ensure_patchelf_in_path_or_raise,
-)
+from .core import all_core_root_specs, ensure_core_dependencies, ensure_patchelf_in_path_or_raise
 from .environment import BootstrapEnvironment, ensure_environment_dependencies
 from .status import status_message
 

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/_common.py

@@ -59,10 +59,7 @@ def _try_import_from_store(module, query_spec, query_info=None):
         # to be picked up and used, possibly depending on something in the store, first
         # allows the bootstrap version to work when an incompatible version is in
         # sys.path
-        orders = [
-            module_paths + sys.path,
-            sys.path + module_paths,
-        ]
+        orders = [module_paths + sys.path, sys.path + module_paths]
         for path in orders:
             sys.path = path
             try:

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/core.py

@@ -53,12 +53,7 @@
 import spack.util.url
 import spack.version
 
-from ._common import (
-    _executables_in_store,
-    _python_import,
-    _root_spec,
-    _try_import_from_store,
-)
+from ._common import _executables_in_store, _python_import, _root_spec, _try_import_from_store
 from .config import spack_python_interpreter, spec_for_current_python
 
 #: Name of the file containing metadata about the bootstrapping source

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/environment.py

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def mypy_root_spec():
 
 def black_root_spec():
     """Return the root spec used to bootstrap black"""
-    return _root_spec("py-black")
+    return _root_spec("py-black@:23.1.0")
 
 
 def flake8_root_spec():

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -1016,7 +1016,6 @@ def get_cmake_prefix_path(pkg):
 def _setup_pkg_and_run(
     serialized_pkg, function, kwargs, child_pipe, input_multiprocess_fd, jsfd1, jsfd2
 ):
-
     context = kwargs.get("context", "build")
 
     try:

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/autotools.py

@@ -110,11 +110,7 @@ class AutotoolsBuilder(BaseBuilder):
     phases = ("autoreconf", "configure", "build", "install")
 
     #: Names associated with package methods in the old build-system format
-    legacy_methods = (
-        "configure_args",
-        "check",
-        "installcheck",
-    )
+    legacy_methods = ("configure_args", "check", "installcheck")
 
     #: Names associated with package attributes in the old build-system format
     legacy_attributes = (

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cached_cmake.py

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ def cmake_cache_option(name, boolean_value, comment=""):
 
 
 class CachedCMakeBuilder(CMakeBuilder):
-
     #: Phases of a Cached CMake package
     #: Note: the initconfig phase is used for developer builds as a final phase to stop on
     phases: Tuple[str, ...] = ("initconfig", "cmake", "build", "install")

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py

@@ -252,10 +252,7 @@ def std_args(pkg, generator=None):
 
         if platform.mac_ver()[0]:
             args.extend(
-                [
-                    define("CMAKE_FIND_FRAMEWORK", "LAST"),
-                    define("CMAKE_FIND_APPBUNDLE", "LAST"),
-                ]
+                [define("CMAKE_FIND_FRAMEWORK", "LAST"), define("CMAKE_FIND_APPBUNDLE", "LAST")]
             )
 
         # Set up CMake rpath

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/generic.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import spack.directives
 import spack.package_base
 
-from ._checks import BaseBuilder, apply_macos_rpath_fixups
+from ._checks import BaseBuilder, apply_macos_rpath_fixups, execute_install_time_tests
 
 
 class Package(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
@@ -38,7 +38,13 @@ class GenericBuilder(BaseBuilder):
     legacy_methods: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
 
     #: Names associated with package attributes in the old build-system format
-    legacy_attributes: Tuple[str, ...] = ("archive_files",)
+    legacy_attributes: Tuple[str, ...] = ("archive_files", "install_time_test_callbacks")
+
+    #: Callback names for post-install phase tests
+    install_time_test_callbacks = []
 
     # On macOS, force rpaths for shared library IDs and remove duplicate rpaths
     spack.builder.run_after("install", when="platform=darwin")(apply_macos_rpath_fixups)
+
+    # unconditionally perform any post-install phase tests
+    spack.builder.run_after("install")(execute_install_time_tests)

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/intel.py

@@ -857,10 +857,7 @@ def scalapack_libs(self):
             raise_lib_error("Cannot find a BLACS library for the given MPI.")
 
         int_suff = "_" + self.intel64_int_suffix
-        scalapack_libnames = [
-            "libmkl_scalapack" + int_suff,
-            blacs_lib + int_suff,
-        ]
+        scalapack_libnames = ["libmkl_scalapack" + int_suff, blacs_lib + int_suff]
         sca_libs = find_libraries(
             scalapack_libnames, root=self.component_lib_dir("mkl"), shared=("+shared" in self.spec)
         )
@@ -1161,9 +1158,7 @@ def _determine_license_type(self):
         #
         # Ideally, we just tell the installer to look around on the system.
         # Thankfully, we neither need to care nor emulate where it looks:
-        license_type = {
-            "ACTIVATION_TYPE": "exist_lic",
-        }
+        license_type = {"ACTIVATION_TYPE": "exist_lic"}
 
         # However (and only), if the spack-internal Intel license file has been
         # populated beyond its templated explanatory comments, proffer it to

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/lua.py

@@ -68,10 +68,7 @@ def unpack(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _generate_tree_line(name, prefix):
-        return """{{ name = "{name}", root = "{prefix}" }};""".format(
-            name=name,
-            prefix=prefix,
-        )
+        return """{{ name = "{name}", root = "{prefix}" }};""".format(name=name, prefix=prefix)
 
     def generate_luarocks_config(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
         spec = self.pkg.spec

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/msbuild.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def toolchain_version(self):
         Override this method to select a specific version of the toolchain or change
         selection heuristics.
         Default is whatever version of msvc has been selected by concretization"""
-        return self.compiler.msvc_version
+        return "v" + self.pkg.compiler.platform_toolset_ver
 
     @property
     def std_msbuild_args(self):

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/nmake.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def makefile_root(self):
         This path is relative to the root of the extracted tarball,
         not to the ``build_directory``. Defaults to the current directory.
         """
-        return self.stage.source_dir
+        return self.stage.source_path
 
     @property
     def nmakefile_name(self):

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/oneapi.py

@@ -37,11 +37,7 @@ class IntelOneApiPackage(Package):
         conflicts(c, msg="This package in only available for x86_64 and Linux")
 
     # Add variant to toggle environment modifications from vars.sh
-    variant(
-        "envmods",
-        default=True,
-        description="Toggles environment modifications",
-    )
+    variant("envmods", default=True, description="Toggles environment modifications")
 
     @staticmethod
     def update_description(cls):

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/python.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 import spack.package_base
 import spack.spec
 import spack.store
-from spack.directives import build_system, depends_on, extends
+from spack.directives import build_system, depends_on, extends, maintainers
 from spack.error import NoHeadersError, NoLibrariesError, SpecError
 from spack.version import Version
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 
 class PythonExtension(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
-    maintainers = ["adamjstewart"]
+    maintainers("adamjstewart", "pradyunsg")
 
     @property
     def import_modules(self):
@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ def view_file_conflicts(self, view, merge_map):
         return conflicts
 
     def add_files_to_view(self, view, merge_map, skip_if_exists=True):
+        if not self.extendee_spec:
+            return super().add_files_to_view(view, merge_map, skip_if_exists)
+
         bin_dir = self.spec.prefix.bin
         python_prefix = self.extendee_spec.prefix
         python_is_external = self.extendee_spec.external
@@ -184,8 +187,6 @@ class PythonPackage(PythonExtension):
     #: Package name, version, and extension on PyPI
     pypi: Optional[str] = None
 
-    maintainers = ["adamjstewart", "pradyunsg"]
-
     # To be used in UI queries that require to know which
     # build-system class we are using
     build_system_class = "PythonPackage"

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/r.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import llnl.util.lang as lang
 
-from spack.directives import extends
+from spack.directives import extends, maintainers
 
 from .generic import GenericBuilder, Package
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class RPackage(Package):
 
     GenericBuilder = RBuilder
 
-    maintainers = ["glennpj"]
+    maintainers("glennpj")
 
     #: This attribute is used in UI queries that need to know the build
     #: system base class

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/racket.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 import spack.builder
 from spack.build_environment import SPACK_NO_PARALLEL_MAKE, determine_number_of_jobs
-from spack.directives import build_system, extends
+from spack.directives import build_system, extends, maintainers
 from spack.package_base import PackageBase
 from spack.util.environment import env_flag
 from spack.util.executable import Executable, ProcessError
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class RacketPackage(PackageBase):
     """
 
     #: Package name, version, and extension on PyPI
-    maintainers = ["elfprince13"]
+    maintainers("elfprince13")
     # To be used in UI queries that require to know which
     # build-system class we are using
     build_system_class = "RacketPackage"

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/ruby.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 import spack.builder
 import spack.package_base
-from spack.directives import build_system, extends
+from spack.directives import build_system, extends, maintainers
 
 from ._checks import BaseBuilder
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 class RubyPackage(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
     """Specialized class for building Ruby gems."""
 
-    maintainers = ["Kerilk"]
+    maintainers("Kerilk")
 
     #: This attribute is used in UI queries that need to know the build
     #: system base class

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/sip.py

@@ -61,10 +61,7 @@ def import_modules(self):
             list: list of strings of module names
         """
         modules = []
-        root = os.path.join(
-            self.prefix,
-            self.spec["python"].package.platlib,
-        )
+        root = os.path.join(self.prefix, self.spec["python"].package.platlib)
 
         # Some Python libraries are packages: collections of modules
         # distributed in directories containing __init__.py files

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -42,9 +42,7 @@
 from spack.reporters import CDash, CDashConfiguration
 from spack.reporters.cdash import build_stamp as cdash_build_stamp
 
-JOB_RETRY_CONDITIONS = [
-    "always",
-]
+JOB_RETRY_CONDITIONS = ["always"]
 
 TEMP_STORAGE_MIRROR_NAME = "ci_temporary_mirror"
 SPACK_RESERVED_TAGS = ["public", "protected", "notary"]
@@ -129,10 +127,7 @@ def _remove_reserved_tags(tags):
 
 
 def _get_spec_string(spec):
-    format_elements = [
-        "{name}{@version}",
-        "{%compiler}",
-    ]
+    format_elements = ["{name}{@version}", "{%compiler}"]
 
     if spec.architecture:
         format_elements.append(" {arch=architecture}")
@@ -328,12 +323,7 @@ def _compute_spec_deps(spec_list, check_index_only=False, mirrors_to_check=None)
     dependencies = []
 
     def append_dep(s, d):
-        dependencies.append(
-            {
-                "spec": s,
-                "depends": d,
-            }
-        )
+        dependencies.append({"spec": s, "depends": d})
 
     for spec in spec_list:
         for s in spec.traverse(deptype=all):
@@ -346,10 +336,7 @@ def append_dep(s, d):
             )
 
             skey = _spec_deps_key(s)
-            spec_labels[skey] = {
-                "spec": s,
-                "needs_rebuild": not up_to_date_mirrors,
-            }
+            spec_labels[skey] = {"spec": s, "needs_rebuild": not up_to_date_mirrors}
 
             for d in s.dependencies(deptype=all):
                 dkey = _spec_deps_key(d)
@@ -368,10 +355,7 @@ def append_dep(s, d):
             }
         )
 
-    deps_json_obj = {
-        "specs": specs,
-        "dependencies": dependencies,
-    }
+    deps_json_obj = {"specs": specs, "dependencies": dependencies}
 
     return deps_json_obj
 
@@ -410,14 +394,7 @@ def _copy_attributes(attrs_list, src_dict, dest_dict):
 
 def _find_matching_config(spec, gitlab_ci):
     runner_attributes = {}
-    overridable_attrs = [
-        "image",
-        "tags",
-        "variables",
-        "before_script",
-        "script",
-        "after_script",
-    ]
+    overridable_attrs = ["image", "tags", "variables", "before_script", "script", "after_script"]
 
     _copy_attributes(overridable_attrs, gitlab_ci, runner_attributes)
 
@@ -685,28 +662,14 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
             except AttributeError:
                 phase_name = phase
                 strip_compilers = False
-            phases.append(
-                {
-                    "name": phase_name,
-                    "strip-compilers": strip_compilers,
-                }
-            )
+            phases.append({"name": phase_name, "strip-compilers": strip_compilers})
 
             for bs in env.spec_lists[phase_name]:
                 bootstrap_specs.append(
-                    {
-                        "spec": bs,
-                        "phase-name": phase_name,
-                        "strip-compilers": strip_compilers,
-                    }
+                    {"spec": bs, "phase-name": phase_name, "strip-compilers": strip_compilers}
                 )
 
-    phases.append(
-        {
-            "name": "specs",
-            "strip-compilers": False,
-        }
-    )
+    phases.append({"name": "specs", "strip-compilers": False})
 
     # If a remote mirror override (alternate buildcache destination) was
     # specified, add it here in case it has already built hashes we might
@@ -1109,15 +1072,9 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
                     "variables": variables,
                     "script": job_script,
                     "tags": tags,
-                    "artifacts": {
-                        "paths": artifact_paths,
-                        "when": "always",
-                    },
+                    "artifacts": {"paths": artifact_paths, "when": "always"},
                     "needs": sorted(job_dependencies, key=lambda d: d["job"]),
-                    "retry": {
-                        "max": 2,
-                        "when": JOB_RETRY_CONDITIONS,
-                    },
+                    "retry": {"max": 2, "when": JOB_RETRY_CONDITIONS},
                     "interruptible": True,
                 }
 
@@ -1135,10 +1092,7 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
                 if image_name:
                     job_object["image"] = image_name
                     if image_entry is not None:
-                        job_object["image"] = {
-                            "name": image_name,
-                            "entrypoint": image_entry,
-                        }
+                        job_object["image"] = {"name": image_name, "entrypoint": image_entry}
 
                 output_object[job_name] = job_object
                 job_id += 1
@@ -1181,11 +1135,7 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
 
     service_job_retries = {
         "max": 2,
-        "when": [
-            "runner_system_failure",
-            "stuck_or_timeout_failure",
-            "script_failure",
-        ],
+        "when": ["runner_system_failure", "stuck_or_timeout_failure", "script_failure"],
     }
 
     if job_id > 0:
@@ -1357,9 +1307,7 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
             _copy_attributes(default_attrs, service_job_config, noop_job)
 
         if "script" not in noop_job:
-            noop_job["script"] = [
-                'echo "All specs already up to date, nothing to rebuild."',
-            ]
+            noop_job["script"] = ['echo "All specs already up to date, nothing to rebuild."']
 
         noop_job["retry"] = service_job_retries
 
@@ -1489,9 +1437,8 @@ def _push_mirror_contents(env, specfile_path, sign_binaries, mirror_url):
     hashes = env.all_hashes() if env else None
     matches = spack.store.specfile_matches(specfile_path, hashes=hashes)
     push_url = spack.mirror.Mirror.from_url(mirror_url).push_url
-    spec_kwargs = {"include_root": True, "include_dependencies": False}
     kwargs = {"force": True, "allow_root": True, "unsigned": unsigned}
-    bindist.push(matches, push_url, spec_kwargs, **kwargs)
+    bindist.push(matches, push_url, include_root=True, include_dependencies=False, **kwargs)
 
 
 def push_mirror_contents(env, specfile_path, mirror_url, sign_binaries):
@@ -1554,10 +1501,7 @@ def copy_files_to_artifacts(src, artifacts_dir):
     try:
         fs.copy(src, artifacts_dir)
     except Exception as err:
-        msg = ("Unable to copy files ({0}) to artifacts {1} due to " "exception: {2}").format(
-            src, artifacts_dir, str(err)
-        )
-        tty.error(msg)
+        tty.warn(f"Unable to copy files ({src}) to artifacts {artifacts_dir} due to: {err}")
 
 
 def copy_stage_logs_to_artifacts(job_spec, job_log_dir):
@@ -1620,9 +1564,7 @@ def download_and_extract_artifacts(url, work_dir):
     """
     tty.msg("Fetching artifacts from: {0}\n".format(url))
 
-    headers = {
-        "Content-Type": "application/zip",
-    }
+    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/zip"}
 
     token = os.environ.get("GITLAB_PRIVATE_TOKEN", None)
     if token:
@@ -2081,10 +2023,7 @@ def write_broken_spec(url, pkg_name, stack_name, job_url, pipeline_url, spec_dic
         with open(file_path, "w") as fd:
             fd.write(syaml.dump(broken_spec_details))
         web_util.push_to_url(
-            file_path,
-            url,
-            keep_original=False,
-            extra_args={"ContentType": "text/plain"},
+            file_path, url, keep_original=False, extra_args={"ContentType": "text/plain"}
         )
     except Exception as err:
         # If there is an S3 error (e.g., access denied or connection
@@ -2162,14 +2101,7 @@ def run_standalone_tests(**kwargs):
         tty.error("Reproduction directory is required for stand-alone tests")
         return
 
-    test_args = [
-        "spack",
-        "--color=always",
-        "--backtrace",
-        "--verbose",
-        "test",
-        "run",
-    ]
+    test_args = ["spack", "--color=always", "--backtrace", "--verbose", "test", "run"]
     if fail_fast:
         test_args.append("--fail-fast")
 
@@ -2319,19 +2251,9 @@ def populate_buildgroup(self, job_names):
 
         opener = build_opener(HTTPHandler)
 
-        parent_group_id = self.create_buildgroup(
-            opener,
-            headers,
-            url,
-            self.build_group,
-            "Daily",
-        )
+        parent_group_id = self.create_buildgroup(opener, headers, url, self.build_group, "Daily")
         group_id = self.create_buildgroup(
-            opener,
-            headers,
-            url,
-            "Latest {0}".format(self.build_group),
-            "Latest",
+            opener, headers, url, "Latest {0}".format(self.build_group), "Latest"
         )
 
         if not parent_group_id or not group_id:
@@ -2341,13 +2263,9 @@ def populate_buildgroup(self, job_names):
 
         data = {
             "dynamiclist": [
-                {
-                    "match": name,
-                    "parentgroupid": parent_group_id,
-                    "site": self.site,
-                }
+                {"match": name, "parentgroupid": parent_group_id, "site": self.site}
                 for name in job_names
-            ],
+            ]
         }
 
         enc_data = json.dumps(data).encode("utf-8")

lib/spack/spack/ci_optimization.py

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ def matches(obj, proto):
         return all((key in obj and matches(obj[key], val)) for key, val in proto.items())
 
     if isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Sequence) and not isinstance(obj, str):
-
         if not (isinstance(proto, collections.abc.Sequence) and not isinstance(proto, str)):
             return False
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/__init__.py

@@ -161,9 +161,7 @@ class _UnquotedFlags(object):
     """
 
     flags_arg_pattern = re.compile(
-        r'^({0})=([^\'"].*)$'.format(
-            "|".join(spack.spec.FlagMap.valid_compiler_flags()),
-        )
+        r'^({0})=([^\'"].*)$'.format("|".join(spack.spec.FlagMap.valid_compiler_flags()))
     )
 
     def __init__(self, all_unquoted_flag_pairs: List[Tuple[Match[str], str]]):
@@ -227,7 +225,6 @@ def parse_specs(args, **kwargs):
         return specs
 
     except spack.error.SpecError as e:
-
         msg = e.message
         if e.long_message:
             msg += e.long_message

lib/spack/spack/cmd/audit.py

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ def packages(parser, args):
 
 
 def packages_https(parser, args):
-
     # Since packages takes a long time, --all is required without name
     if not args.check_all and not args.name:
         tty.die("Please specify one or more packages to audit, or --all.")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/build_env.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import spack.cmd.common.env_utility as env_utility
 
 description = (
-    "run a command in a spec's install environment, " "or dump its environment to screen or file"
+    "run a command in a spec's install environment, or dump its environment to screen or file"
 )
 section = "build"
 level = "long"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -103,9 +103,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         help="Regenerate buildcache index after building package(s)",
     )
     create.add_argument(
-        "--spec-file",
-        default=None,
-        help="Create buildcache entry for spec from json or yaml file",
+        "--spec-file", default=None, help="Create buildcache entry for spec from json or yaml file"
     )
     create.add_argument(
         "--only",
@@ -402,7 +400,7 @@ def _matching_specs(specs, spec_file):
         return spack.store.find(constraints, hashes=hashes)
 
     if env:
-        return [env.specs_by_hash[h] for h in env.concretized_order]
+        return [concrete for _, concrete in env.concretized_specs()]
 
     tty.die(
         "build cache file creation requires at least one"
@@ -461,10 +459,6 @@ def create_fn(args):
 
     msg = "Pushing binary packages to {0}/build_cache".format(url)
     tty.msg(msg)
-    specs_kwargs = {
-        "include_root": "package" in args.things_to_install,
-        "include_dependencies": "dependencies" in args.things_to_install,
-    }
     kwargs = {
         "key": args.key,
         "force": args.force,
@@ -473,7 +467,13 @@ def create_fn(args):
         "allow_root": args.allow_root,
         "regenerate_index": args.rebuild_index,
     }
-    bindist.push(matches, url, specs_kwargs, **kwargs)
+    bindist.push(
+        matches,
+        url,
+        include_root="package" in args.things_to_install,
+        include_dependencies="dependencies" in args.things_to_install,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
 
 
 def install_fn(args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/change.py

@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         help="name of the list to remove specs from",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "--match-spec",
-        dest="match_spec",
-        help="if name is ambiguous, supply a spec to match",
+        "--match-spec", dest="match_spec", help="if name is ambiguous, supply a spec to match"
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-a",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/ci.py

@@ -530,40 +530,28 @@ def ci_rebuild(args):
     if not verify_binaries:
         install_args.append("--no-check-signature")
 
-    cdash_args = []
-    if cdash_handler:
-        # Add additional arguments to `spack install` for CDash reporting.
-        cdash_args.extend(cdash_handler.args())
-
     slash_hash = "/{}".format(job_spec.dag_hash())
+
+    # Arguments when installing dependencies from cache
     deps_install_args = install_args
+
+    # Arguments when installing the root from sources
     root_install_args = install_args + [
         "--keep-stage",
         "--only=package",
         "--use-buildcache=package:never,dependencies:only",
-        slash_hash,
     ]
+    if cdash_handler:
+        # Add additional arguments to `spack install` for CDash reporting.
+        root_install_args.extend(cdash_handler.args())
+    root_install_args.append(slash_hash)
 
     # ["x", "y"] -> "'x' 'y'"
     args_to_string = lambda args: " ".join("'{}'".format(arg) for arg in args)
 
     commands = [
         # apparently there's a race when spack bootstraps? do it up front once
-        [
-            SPACK_COMMAND,
-            "-e",
-            env.path,
-            "bootstrap",
-            "now",
-        ],
-        [
-            SPACK_COMMAND,
-            "-e",
-            env.path,
-            "config",
-            "add",
-            "config:db_lock_timeout:120",  # 2 minutes for processes to fight for a db lock
-        ],
+        [SPACK_COMMAND, "-e", env.path, "bootstrap", "now"],
         [
             SPACK_COMMAND,
             "-e",

lib/spack/spack/cmd/commands.py

@@ -13,11 +13,7 @@
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.argparsewriter import (
-    ArgparseCompletionWriter,
-    ArgparseRstWriter,
-    ArgparseWriter,
-)
+from llnl.util.argparsewriter import ArgparseCompletionWriter, ArgparseRstWriter, ArgparseWriter
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
 
 import spack.cmd
@@ -42,7 +38,7 @@
         "format": "bash",
         "header": os.path.join(spack.paths.share_path, "bash", "spack-completion.in"),
         "update": os.path.join(spack.paths.share_path, "spack-completion.bash"),
-    },
+    }
 }
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 import argparse
 import os.path
+import textwrap
 
 from llnl.util.lang import stable_partition
 
@@ -415,6 +416,40 @@ def add_cdash_args(subparser, add_help):
     cdash_subgroup.add_argument("--cdash-buildstamp", default=None, help=cdash_help["buildstamp"])
 
 
+def print_cdash_help():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
+        epilog=textwrap.dedent(
+            """\
+environment variables:
+SPACK_CDASH_AUTH_TOKEN
+                    authentication token to present to CDash
+                    """
+        ),
+    )
+    add_cdash_args(parser, True)
+    parser.print_help()
+
+
+def sanitize_reporter_options(namespace: argparse.Namespace):
+    """Sanitize options that affect generation and configuration of reports, like
+    CDash or JUnit.
+
+    Args:
+        namespace: options parsed from cli
+    """
+    has_any_cdash_option = (
+        namespace.cdash_upload_url or namespace.cdash_build or namespace.cdash_site
+    )
+    if namespace.log_format == "junit" and has_any_cdash_option:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("cannot pass any cdash option when --log-format=junit")
+
+    # If any CDash option is passed, assume --log-format=cdash is implied
+    if namespace.log_format is None and has_any_cdash_option:
+        namespace.log_format = "cdash"
+        namespace.reporter = _cdash_reporter(namespace)
+
+
 class ConfigSetAction(argparse.Action):
     """Generic action for setting spack config options from CLI.
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/env_utility.py

@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@
 import spack.build_environment as build_environment
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.cmd.common.arguments as arguments
+import spack.error
 import spack.paths
+import spack.spec
+import spack.store
+from spack import traverse
 from spack.util.environment import dump_environment, pickle_environment
 
 
@@ -38,6 +42,41 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
 
 
+class AreDepsInstalledVisitor:
+    def __init__(self, context="build"):
+        if context not in ("build", "test"):
+            raise ValueError("context can only be build or test")
+
+        if context == "build":
+            self.direct_deps = ("build", "link", "run")
+        else:
+            self.direct_deps = ("build", "test", "link", "run")
+
+        self.has_uninstalled_deps = False
+
+    def accept(self, item):
+        # The root may be installed or uninstalled.
+        if item.depth == 0:
+            return True
+
+        # Early exit after we've seen an uninstalled dep.
+        if self.has_uninstalled_deps:
+            return False
+
+        spec = item.edge.spec
+        if not spec.external and not spec.installed:
+            self.has_uninstalled_deps = True
+            return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def neighbors(self, item):
+        # Direct deps: follow build & test edges.
+        # Transitive deps: follow link / run.
+        deptypes = self.direct_deps if item.depth == 0 else ("link", "run")
+        return item.edge.spec.edges_to_dependencies(deptype=deptypes)
+
+
 def emulate_env_utility(cmd_name, context, args):
     if not args.spec:
         tty.die("spack %s requires a spec." % cmd_name)
@@ -65,6 +104,27 @@ def emulate_env_utility(cmd_name, context, args):
 
     spec = spack.cmd.matching_spec_from_env(spec)
 
+    # Require that dependencies are installed.
+    visitor = AreDepsInstalledVisitor(context=context)
+
+    # Mass install check needs read transaction.
+    with spack.store.db.read_transaction():
+        traverse.traverse_breadth_first_with_visitor([spec], traverse.CoverNodesVisitor(visitor))
+
+    if visitor.has_uninstalled_deps:
+        raise spack.error.SpackError(
+            f"Not all dependencies of {spec.name} are installed. "
+            f"Cannot setup {context} environment:",
+            spec.tree(
+                status_fn=spack.spec.Spec.install_status,
+                hashlen=7,
+                hashes=True,
+                # This shows more than necessary, but we cannot dynamically change deptypes
+                # in Spec.tree(...).
+                deptypes="all" if context == "build" else ("build", "test", "link", "run"),
+            ),
+        )
+
     build_environment.setup_package(spec.package, args.dirty, context)
 
     if args.dump:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/config.py

@@ -408,13 +408,7 @@ def config_prefer_upstream(args):
     pkgs = {}
     for spec in pref_specs:
         # Collect all the upstream compilers and versions for this package.
-        pkg = pkgs.get(
-            spec.name,
-            {
-                "version": [],
-                "compiler": [],
-            },
-        )
+        pkg = pkgs.get(spec.name, {"version": [], "compiler": []})
         pkgs[spec.name] = pkg
 
         # We have no existing variant if this is our first added version.

lib/spack/spack/cmd/create.py

@@ -16,19 +16,10 @@
 import spack.stage
 import spack.util.web
 from spack.spec import Spec
-from spack.url import (
-    UndetectableNameError,
-    UndetectableVersionError,
-    parse_name,
-    parse_version,
-)
+from spack.url import UndetectableNameError, UndetectableVersionError, parse_name, parse_version
 from spack.util.editor import editor
 from spack.util.executable import ProcessError, which
-from spack.util.naming import (
-    mod_to_class,
-    simplify_name,
-    valid_fully_qualified_module_name,
-)
+from spack.util.naming import mod_to_class, simplify_name, valid_fully_qualified_module_name
 
 description = "create a new package file"
 section = "packaging"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/debug.py

@@ -96,8 +96,5 @@ def report(args):
 
 
 def debug(parser, args):
-    action = {
-        "create-db-tarball": create_db_tarball,
-        "report": report,
-    }
+    action = {"create-db-tarball": create_db_tarball, "report": report}
     action[args.debug_command](args)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/deprecate.py

@@ -33,12 +33,7 @@
 level = "long"
 
 # Arguments for display_specs when we find ambiguity
-display_args = {
-    "long": True,
-    "show_flags": True,
-    "variants": True,
-    "indent": 4,
-}
+display_args = {"long": True, "show_flags": True, "variants": True, "indent": 4}
 
 
 def setup_parser(sp):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/diff.py

@@ -80,22 +80,12 @@ def compare_specs(a, b, to_string=False, color=None):
     # specs and to descend into dependency hashes so we include all facts.
     a_facts = set(
         shift(func)
-        for func in setup.spec_clauses(
-            a,
-            body=True,
-            expand_hashes=True,
-            concrete_build_deps=True,
-        )
+        for func in setup.spec_clauses(a, body=True, expand_hashes=True, concrete_build_deps=True)
         if func.name == "attr"
     )
     b_facts = set(
         shift(func)
-        for func in setup.spec_clauses(
-            b,
-            body=True,
-            expand_hashes=True,
-            concrete_build_deps=True,
-        )
+        for func in setup.spec_clauses(b, body=True, expand_hashes=True, concrete_build_deps=True)
         if func.name == "attr"
     )
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -148,8 +148,7 @@ def env_activate(args):
 
     if not args.shell:
         spack.cmd.common.shell_init_instructions(
-            "spack env activate",
-            "    eval `spack env activate {sh_arg} [...]`",
+            "spack env activate", "    eval `spack env activate {sh_arg} [...]`"
         )
         return 1
 
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ def env_activate(args):
         short_name = os.path.basename(env_path)
         ev.Environment(env).write(regenerate=False)
 
-    # Named environment
+    # Managed environment
     elif ev.exists(env_name_or_dir) and not args.dir:
         env_path = ev.root(env_name_or_dir)
         short_name = env_name_or_dir
@@ -238,8 +237,7 @@ def env_deactivate_setup_parser(subparser):
 def env_deactivate(args):
     if not args.shell:
         spack.cmd.common.shell_init_instructions(
-            "spack env deactivate",
-            "    eval `spack env deactivate {sh_arg}`",
+            "spack env deactivate", "    eval `spack env deactivate {sh_arg}`"
         )
         return 1
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/external.py

@@ -38,11 +38,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         default=False,
         help="packages with detected externals won't be built with Spack",
     )
-    find_parser.add_argument(
-        "--exclude",
-        action="append",
-        help="packages to exclude from search",
-    )
+    find_parser.add_argument("--exclude", action="append", help="packages to exclude from search")
     find_parser.add_argument(
         "-p",
         "--path",
@@ -187,7 +183,6 @@ def external_read_cray_manifest(args):
 def _collect_and_consume_cray_manifest_files(
     manifest_file=None, manifest_directory=None, dry_run=False, fail_on_error=False
 ):
-
     manifest_files = []
     if manifest_file:
         manifest_files.append(manifest_file)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/fetch.py

@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         help="fetch only missing (not yet installed) dependencies",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-D",
-        "--dependencies",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="also fetch all dependencies",
+        "-D", "--dependencies", action="store_true", help="also fetch all dependencies"
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["specs"])
     subparser.epilog = (

lib/spack/spack/cmd/graph.py

@@ -9,13 +9,7 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.environment as ev
 import spack.store
-from spack.graph import (
-    DAGWithDependencyTypes,
-    SimpleDAG,
-    graph_ascii,
-    graph_dot,
-    static_graph_dot,
-)
+from spack.graph import DAGWithDependencyTypes, SimpleDAG, graph_ascii, graph_dot, static_graph_dot
 
 description = "generate graphs of package dependency relationships"
 section = "basic"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/help.py

@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
       @r{-variant} or @r{~variant}          disable <variant>
       @r{--variant} or @r{~~variant}        propagate disable <variant>
       @B{variant=value}                 set non-boolean <variant> to <value>
-      @B{variant==value}                 propagate non-boolean <variant> to <value>
+      @B{variant==value}                propagate non-boolean <variant> to <value>
       @B{variant=value1,value2,value3}  set multi-value <variant> values
-      @B{variant==value1,value2,value3}  propagate multi-value <variant> values
+      @B{variant==value1,value2,value3} propagate multi-value <variant> values
 
     architecture variants:
       @m{platform=platform}             linux, darwin, cray, etc.
@@ -87,9 +87,7 @@
 """
 
 
-guides = {
-    "spec": spec_guide,
-}
+guides = {"spec": spec_guide}
 
 
 def setup_parser(subparser):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/install.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
-import textwrap
 from typing import List
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
@@ -260,7 +259,7 @@ def default_log_file(spec):
 
 def report_filename(args: argparse.Namespace, specs: List[spack.spec.Spec]) -> str:
     """Return the filename to be used for reporting to JUnit or CDash format."""
-    result = args.log_file or args.cdash_upload_url or default_log_file(specs[0])
+    result = args.log_file or default_log_file(specs[0])
     return result
 
 
@@ -348,21 +347,6 @@ def install_specs_outside_environment(specs, install_kwargs):
     builder.install()
 
 
-def print_cdash_help():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-        epilog=textwrap.dedent(
-            """\
-environment variables:
-SPACK_CDASH_AUTH_TOKEN
-                    authentication token to present to CDash
-                    """
-        ),
-    )
-    arguments.add_cdash_args(parser, True)
-    parser.print_help()
-
-
 def install_all_specs_from_active_environment(
     install_kwargs, only_concrete, cli_test_arg, reporter_factory
 ):
@@ -496,7 +480,7 @@ def install(parser, args):
     tty.set_verbose(args.verbose or args.install_verbose)
 
     if args.help_cdash:
-        print_cdash_help()
+        spack.cmd.common.arguments.print_cdash_help()
         return
 
     if args.no_checksum:
@@ -505,14 +489,14 @@ def install(parser, args):
     if args.deprecated:
         spack.config.set("config:deprecated", True, scope="command_line")
 
+    spack.cmd.common.arguments.sanitize_reporter_options(args)
+
     def reporter_factory(specs):
         if args.log_format is None:
             return None
 
         context_manager = spack.report.build_context_manager(
-            reporter=args.reporter(),
-            filename=report_filename(args, specs=specs),
-            specs=specs,
+            reporter=args.reporter(), filename=report_filename(args, specs=specs), specs=specs
         )
         return context_manager
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/license.py

@@ -58,10 +58,7 @@
 
 #: licensed files that can have LGPL language in them
 #: so far, just this command -- so it can find LGPL things elsewhere
-lgpl_exceptions = [
-    r"lib/spack/spack/cmd/license.py",
-    r"lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/license.py",
-]
+lgpl_exceptions = [r"lib/spack/spack/cmd/license.py", r"lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/license.py"]
 
 
 def _all_spack_files(root=spack.paths.prefix):
@@ -129,7 +126,6 @@ def error_messages(self):
 
 
 def _check_license(lines, path):
-
     found = []
 
     for line in lines:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/load.py

@@ -98,8 +98,7 @@ def load(parser, args):
     if not args.shell:
         specs_str = " ".join(args.constraint) or "SPECS"
         spack.cmd.common.shell_init_instructions(
-            "spack load",
-            "    eval `spack load {sh_arg} %s`" % specs_str,
+            "spack load", "    eval `spack load {sh_arg} %s`" % specs_str
         )
         return 1
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/location.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def location(parser, args):
             spack.cmd.require_active_env("location -e")
             path = ev.active_environment().path
         else:
-            # Get named environment path
+            # Get path of requested environment
             if not ev.exists(args.location_env):
                 tty.die("no such environment: '%s'" % args.location_env)
             path = ev.root(args.location_env)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mark.py

@@ -27,12 +27,7 @@
 """
 
 # Arguments for display_specs when we find ambiguity
-display_args = {
-    "long": True,
-    "show_flags": False,
-    "variants": False,
-    "indent": 4,
-}
+display_args = {"long": True, "show_flags": False, "variants": False, "indent": 4}
 
 
 def setup_parser(subparser):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mirror.py

@@ -445,9 +445,7 @@ def mirror_create(args):
 
     mirror_specs = concrete_specs_from_user(args)
     create_mirror_for_individual_specs(
-        mirror_specs,
-        path=path,
-        skip_unstable_versions=args.skip_unstable_versions,
+        mirror_specs, path=path, skip_unstable_versions=args.skip_unstable_versions
     )
 
 
@@ -467,9 +465,7 @@ def create_mirror_for_all_specs(path, skip_unstable_versions, selection_fn):
 def create_mirror_for_all_specs_inside_environment(path, skip_unstable_versions, selection_fn):
     mirror_specs = concrete_specs_from_environment(selection_fn=selection_fn)
     create_mirror_for_individual_specs(
-        mirror_specs,
-        path=path,
-        skip_unstable_versions=skip_unstable_versions,
+        mirror_specs, path=path, skip_unstable_versions=skip_unstable_versions
     )
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/__init__.py

@@ -180,10 +180,7 @@ def loads(module_type, specs, args, out=None):
         for spec in specs
     )
 
-    module_commands = {
-        "tcl": "module load ",
-        "lmod": "module load ",
-    }
+    module_commands = {"tcl": "module load ", "lmod": "module load "}
 
     d = {"command": "" if not args.shell else module_commands[module_type], "prefix": args.prefix}
 
@@ -368,18 +365,14 @@ def refresh(module_type, specs, args):
 
 
 def modules_cmd(parser, args, module_type, callbacks=callbacks):
-
     # Qualifiers to be used when querying the db for specs
-    constraint_qualifiers = {
-        "refresh": {"installed": True, "known": True},
-    }
+    constraint_qualifiers = {"refresh": {"installed": True, "known": True}}
     query_args = constraint_qualifiers.get(args.subparser_name, {})
 
     # Get the specs that match the query from the DB
     specs = args.specs(**query_args)
 
     try:
-
         callbacks[args.subparser_name](module_type, specs, args)
 
     except MultipleSpecsMatch:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/solve.py

@@ -182,11 +182,7 @@ def solve(parser, args):
         # set up solver parameters
         # Note: reuse and other concretizer prefs are passed as configuration
         result = solver.solve(
-            specs,
-            out=output,
-            timers=args.timers,
-            stats=args.stats,
-            setup_only=setup_only,
+            specs, out=output, timers=args.timers, stats=args.stats, setup_only=setup_only
         )
         if not setup_only:
             _process_result(result, show, required_format, kwargs)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/spec.py

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def spec(parser, args):
         else:
             tty.die("spack spec requires at least one spec or an active environment")
 
-    for (input, output) in specs:
+    for input, output in specs:
         # With -y, just print YAML to output.
         if args.format:
             if args.format == "yaml":

lib/spack/spack/cmd/style.py

@@ -30,20 +30,13 @@ def grouper(iterable, n, fillvalue=None):
 
 
 #: List of directories to exclude from checks -- relative to spack root
-exclude_directories = [
-    os.path.relpath(spack.paths.external_path, spack.paths.prefix),
-]
+exclude_directories = [os.path.relpath(spack.paths.external_path, spack.paths.prefix)]
 
 #: Order in which tools should be run. flake8 is last so that it can
 #: double-check the results of other tools (if, e.g., --fix was provided)
 #: The list maps an executable name to a method to ensure the tool is
 #: bootstrapped or present in the environment.
-tool_names = [
-    "isort",
-    "black",
-    "flake8",
-    "mypy",
-]
+tool_names = ["isort", "black", "flake8", "mypy"]
 
 #: tools we run in spack style
 tools = {}
@@ -52,7 +45,7 @@ def grouper(iterable, n, fillvalue=None):
 mypy_ignores = [
     # same as `disable_error_code = "annotation-unchecked"` in pyproject.toml, which
     # doesn't exist in mypy 0.971 for Python 3.6
-    "[annotation-unchecked]",
+    "[annotation-unchecked]"
 ]
 
 
@@ -150,10 +143,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         help="branch to compare against to determine changed files (default: develop)",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "-a",
-        "--all",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="check all files, not just changed files",
+        "-a", "--all", action="store_true", help="check all files, not just changed files"
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-r",
@@ -178,10 +168,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
         help="format automatically if possible (e.g., with isort, black)",
     )
     subparser.add_argument(
-        "--root",
-        action="store",
-        default=None,
-        help="style check a different spack instance",
+        "--root", action="store", default=None, help="style check a different spack instance"
     )
 
     tool_group = subparser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
@@ -211,6 +198,7 @@ def rewrite_and_print_output(
     output, args, re_obj=re.compile(r"^(.+):([0-9]+):"), replacement=r"{0}:{1}:"
 ):
     """rewrite ouput with <file>:<line>: format to respect path args"""
+
     # print results relative to current working directory
     def translate(match):
         return replacement.format(cwd_relative(match.group(1), args), *list(match.groups()[1:]))
@@ -281,24 +269,10 @@ def run_mypy(mypy_cmd, file_list, args):
         os.path.join(spack.paths.prefix, "pyproject.toml"),
         "--show-error-codes",
     ]
-    mypy_arg_sets = [
-        common_mypy_args
-        + [
-            "--package",
-            "spack",
-            "--package",
-            "llnl",
-        ]
-    ]
+    mypy_arg_sets = [common_mypy_args + ["--package", "spack", "--package", "llnl"]]
     if "SPACK_MYPY_CHECK_PACKAGES" in os.environ:
         mypy_arg_sets.append(
-            common_mypy_args
-            + [
-                "--package",
-                "packages",
-                "--disable-error-code",
-                "no-redef",
-            ]
+            common_mypy_args + ["--package", "packages", "--disable-error-code", "no-redef"]
         )
 
     returncode = 0

lib/spack/spack/cmd/test.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 import re
 import shutil
 import sys
-import textwrap
 
 from llnl.util import lang, tty
 from llnl.util.tty import colify
@@ -34,9 +33,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
     # Run
     run_parser = sp.add_parser(
-        "run",
-        description=test_run.__doc__,
-        help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_run.__doc__),
+        "run", description=test_run.__doc__, help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_run.__doc__)
     )
 
     alias_help_msg = "Provide an alias for this test-suite"
@@ -81,9 +78,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
     # List
     list_parser = sp.add_parser(
-        "list",
-        description=test_list.__doc__,
-        help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_list.__doc__),
+        "list", description=test_list.__doc__, help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_list.__doc__)
     )
     list_parser.add_argument(
         "-a",
@@ -97,9 +92,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
     # Find
     find_parser = sp.add_parser(
-        "find",
-        description=test_find.__doc__,
-        help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_find.__doc__),
+        "find", description=test_find.__doc__, help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_find.__doc__)
     )
     find_parser.add_argument(
         "filter",
@@ -109,9 +102,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
     # Status
     status_parser = sp.add_parser(
-        "status",
-        description=test_status.__doc__,
-        help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_status.__doc__),
+        "status", description=test_status.__doc__, help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_status.__doc__)
     )
     status_parser.add_argument(
         "names", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="Test suites for which to print status"
@@ -148,9 +139,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
     # Remove
     remove_parser = sp.add_parser(
-        "remove",
-        description=test_remove.__doc__,
-        help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_remove.__doc__),
+        "remove", description=test_remove.__doc__, help=spack.cmd.first_line(test_remove.__doc__)
     )
     arguments.add_common_arguments(remove_parser, ["yes_to_all"])
     remove_parser.add_argument(
@@ -171,20 +160,11 @@ def test_run(args):
 
     # cdash help option
     if args.help_cdash:
-        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-            formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
-            epilog=textwrap.dedent(
-                """\
-environment variables:
-  SPACK_CDASH_AUTH_TOKEN
-                        authentication token to present to CDash
-                        """
-            ),
-        )
-        arguments.add_cdash_args(parser, True)
-        parser.print_help()
+        arguments.print_cdash_help()
         return
 
+    arguments.sanitize_reporter_options(args)
+
     # set config option for fail-fast
     if args.fail_fast:
         spack.config.set("config:fail_fast", True, scope="command_line")
@@ -199,11 +179,7 @@ def test_run(args):
     specs = spack.cmd.parse_specs(args.specs) if args.specs else [None]
     specs_to_test = []
     for spec in specs:
-        matching = spack.store.db.query_local(
-            spec,
-            hashes=hashes,
-            explicit=explicit,
-        )
+        matching = spack.store.db.query_local(spec, hashes=hashes, explicit=explicit)
         if spec and not matching:
             tty.warn("No {0}installed packages match spec {1}".format(explicit_str, spec))
             """
@@ -237,22 +213,15 @@ def test_run(args):
         )
 
 
+def report_filename(args, test_suite):
+    return os.path.abspath(args.log_file or "test-{}".format(test_suite.name))
+
+
 def create_reporter(args, specs_to_test, test_suite):
     if args.log_format is None:
         return None
 
-    filename = args.cdash_upload_url
-    if not filename:
-        if args.log_file:
-            if os.path.isabs(args.log_file):
-                log_file = args.log_file
-            else:
-                log_dir = os.getcwd()
-                log_file = os.path.join(log_dir, args.log_file)
-        else:
-            log_file = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "test-%s" % test_suite.name)
-        filename = log_file
-
+    filename = report_filename(args, test_suite)
     context_manager = spack.report.test_context_manager(
         reporter=args.reporter(),
         filename=filename,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/test_env.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import spack.cmd.common.env_utility as env_utility
 
 description = (
-    "run a command in a spec's test environment, " "or dump its environment to screen or file"
+    "run a command in a spec's test environment, or dump its environment to screen or file"
 )
 section = "admin"
 level = "long"

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tutorial.py

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def tutorial(parser, args):
         if not tty.get_yes_or_no("Are you sure you want to proceed?"):
             tty.die("Aborted")
 
-    rm_cmds = ["rm -f %s" % f for f in rm_configs]
+    rm_cmds = [f"rm -f {f}" for f in rm_configs]
     tty.msg("Reverting compiler and repository configuration", *rm_cmds)
     for path in rm_configs:
         if os.path.exists(path):
@@ -71,19 +71,19 @@ def tutorial(parser, args):
 
     tty.msg(
         "Ensuring that the tutorial binary mirror is configured:",
-        "spack mirror add tutorial %s" % tutorial_mirror,
+        f"spack mirror add tutorial {tutorial_mirror}",
     )
     mirror_config = syaml_dict()
     mirror_config["tutorial"] = tutorial_mirror
     spack.config.set("mirrors", mirror_config, scope="user")
 
-    tty.msg("Ensuring that we trust tutorial binaries", "spack gpg trust %s" % tutorial_key)
+    tty.msg("Ensuring that we trust tutorial binaries", f"spack gpg trust {tutorial_key}")
     spack.util.gpg.trust(tutorial_key)
 
     # Note that checkout MUST be last. It changes Spack under our feet.
     # If you don't put this last, you'll get import errors for the code
     # that follows (exacerbated by the various lazy singletons we use)
-    tty.msg("Ensuring we're on the releases/v{0}.{1} branch".format(*spack.spack_version_info[:2]))
+    tty.msg(f"Ensuring we're on the {tutorial_branch} branch")
     git = spack.util.git.git(required=True)
     with working_dir(spack.paths.prefix):
         git("checkout", tutorial_branch)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/uninstall.py

@@ -31,12 +31,7 @@
 """
 
 # Arguments for display_specs when we find ambiguity
-display_args = {
-    "long": True,
-    "show_flags": False,
-    "variants": False,
-    "indent": 4,
-}
+display_args = {"long": True, "show_flags": False, "variants": False, "indent": 4}
 
 
 def setup_parser(subparser):
@@ -133,7 +128,7 @@ def find_matching_specs(env, specs, allow_multiple_matches=False, force=False, o
     return specs_from_cli
 
 
-def installed_dependents(specs, env):
+def installed_runtime_dependents(specs, env):
     """Map each spec to a list of its installed dependents.
 
     Args:
@@ -160,10 +155,10 @@ def installed_dependents(specs, env):
 
     for spec in specs:
         for dpt in traverse.traverse_nodes(
-            spec.dependents(deptype="all"),
+            spec.dependents(deptype=("link", "run")),
             direction="parents",
             visited=visited,
-            deptype="all",
+            deptype=("link", "run"),
             root=True,
             key=lambda s: s.dag_hash(),
         ):
@@ -236,12 +231,7 @@ def do_uninstall(specs, force=False):
     hashes_to_remove = set(s.dag_hash() for s in specs)
 
     for s in traverse.traverse_nodes(
-        specs,
-        order="topo",
-        direction="children",
-        root=True,
-        cover="nodes",
-        deptype="all",
+        specs, order="topo", direction="children", root=True, cover="nodes", deptype="all"
     ):
         if s.dag_hash() in hashes_to_remove:
             spack.package_base.PackageBase.uninstall_by_spec(s, force=force)
@@ -265,7 +255,7 @@ def get_uninstall_list(args, specs, env):
     # args.all takes care of the case where '-a' is given in the cli
     base_uninstall_specs = set(find_matching_specs(env, specs, args.all, args.force))
 
-    active_dpts, outside_dpts = installed_dependents(base_uninstall_specs, env)
+    active_dpts, outside_dpts = installed_runtime_dependents(base_uninstall_specs, env)
     # It will be useful to track the unified set of specs with dependents, as
     # well as to separately track specs in the current env with dependents
     spec_to_dpts = {}

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unload.py

@@ -77,8 +77,7 @@ def unload(parser, args):
         specs_str = " ".join(args.specs) or "SPECS"
 
         spack.cmd.common.shell_init_instructions(
-            "spack unload",
-            "    eval `spack unload {sh_arg}` %s" % specs_str,
+            "spack unload", "    eval `spack unload {sh_arg}` %s" % specs_str
         )
         return 1
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/url.py

@@ -106,12 +106,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
 
 
 def url(parser, args):
-    action = {
-        "parse": url_parse,
-        "list": url_list,
-        "summary": url_summary,
-        "stats": url_stats,
-    }
+    action = {"parse": url_parse, "list": url_list, "summary": url_summary, "stats": url_stats}
 
     action[args.subcommand](args)
 

lib/spack/spack/compilers/__init__.py

@@ -619,11 +619,9 @@ def _default(search_paths):
         command_arguments = []
         files_to_be_tested = fs.files_in(*search_paths)
         for compiler_name in spack.compilers.supported_compilers():
-
             compiler_cls = class_for_compiler_name(compiler_name)
 
             for language in ("cc", "cxx", "f77", "fc"):
-
                 # Select only the files matching a regexp
                 for (file, full_path), regexp in itertools.product(
                     files_to_be_tested, compiler_cls.search_regexps(language)

lib/spack/spack/compilers/apple_clang.py

@@ -36,36 +36,89 @@ def extract_version_from_output(cls, output):
             ver = match.group(match.lastindex)
         return ver
 
+    # C++ flags based on CMake Modules/Compiler/AppleClang-CXX.cmake
+
     @property
     def cxx11_flag(self):
-        # Adapted from CMake's AppleClang-CXX rules
         # Spack's AppleClang detection only valid from Xcode >= 4.6
-        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("4.0.0"):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("4.0"):
             raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
-                self, "the C++11 standard", "cxx11_flag", "Xcode < 4.0.0"
+                self, "the C++11 standard", "cxx11_flag", "Xcode < 4.0"
             )
         return "-std=c++11"
 
     @property
     def cxx14_flag(self):
-        # Adapted from CMake's rules for AppleClang
-        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("5.1.0"):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("5.1"):
             raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
-                self, "the C++14 standard", "cxx14_flag", "Xcode < 5.1.0"
+                self, "the C++14 standard", "cxx14_flag", "Xcode < 5.1"
             )
-        elif self.real_version < spack.version.ver("6.1.0"):
+        elif self.real_version < spack.version.ver("6.1"):
             return "-std=c++1y"
 
         return "-std=c++14"
 
     @property
     def cxx17_flag(self):
-        # Adapted from CMake's rules for AppleClang
-        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("6.1.0"):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("6.1"):
             raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
-                self, "the C++17 standard", "cxx17_flag", "Xcode < 6.1.0"
+                self, "the C++17 standard", "cxx17_flag", "Xcode < 6.1"
             )
-        return "-std=c++1z"
+        elif self.real_version < spack.version.ver("10.0"):
+            return "-std=c++1z"
+        return "-std=c++17"
+
+    @property
+    def cxx20_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("10.0"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C++20 standard", "cxx20_flag", "Xcode < 10.0"
+            )
+        elif self.real_version < spack.version.ver("13.0"):
+            return "-std=c++2a"
+        return "-std=c++20"
+
+    @property
+    def cxx23_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("13.0"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C++23 standard", "cxx23_flag", "Xcode < 13.0"
+            )
+        return "-std=c++2b"
+
+    # C flags based on CMake Modules/Compiler/AppleClang-C.cmake
+
+    @property
+    def c99_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("4.0"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C99 standard", "c99_flag", "< 4.0"
+            )
+        return "-std=c99"
+
+    @property
+    def c11_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("4.0"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C11 standard", "c11_flag", "< 4.0"
+            )
+        return "-std=c11"
+
+    @property
+    def c17_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("11.0"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C17 standard", "c17_flag", "< 11.0"
+            )
+        return "-std=c17"
+
+    @property
+    def c23_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < spack.version.ver("11.0.3"):
+            raise spack.compiler.UnsupportedCompilerFlag(
+                self, "the C23 standard", "c23_flag", "< 11.0.3"
+            )
+        return "-std=c2x"
 
     def setup_custom_environment(self, pkg, env):
         """Set the DEVELOPER_DIR environment for the Xcode toolchain.
@@ -154,10 +207,7 @@ def setup_custom_environment(self, pkg, env):
                 ),
             )
 
-            real_dirs = [
-                "Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin",
-                "usr/bin",
-            ]
+            real_dirs = ["Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin", "usr/bin"]
 
             bins = ["c++", "c89", "c99", "cc", "clang", "clang++", "cpp"]
 

lib/spack/spack/compilers/cce.py

@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@ def cxx14_flag(self):
             return "-std=c++14"
         return "-h std=c++14"
 
+    @property
+    def cxx17_flag(self):
+        if self.is_clang_based:
+            return "-std=c++17"
+
     @property
     def c99_flag(self):
         if self.is_clang_based:

lib/spack/spack/compilers/clang.py

@@ -128,10 +128,23 @@ def c99_flag(self):
 
     @property
     def c11_flag(self):
-        if self.real_version < ver("6.1.0"):
-            raise UnsupportedCompilerFlag(self, "the C11 standard", "c11_flag", "< 6.1.0")
-        else:
-            return "-std=c11"
+        if self.real_version < ver("3.0"):
+            raise UnsupportedCompilerFlag(self, "the C11 standard", "c11_flag", "< 3.0")
+        if self.real_version < ver("3.1"):
+            return "-std=c1x"
+        return "-std=c11"
+
+    @property
+    def c17_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < ver("6.0"):
+            raise UnsupportedCompilerFlag(self, "the C17 standard", "c17_flag", "< 6.0")
+        return "-std=c17"
+
+    @property
+    def c23_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < ver("9.0"):
+            raise UnsupportedCompilerFlag(self, "the C23 standard", "c23_flag", "< 9.0")
+        return "-std=c2x"
 
     @property
     def cc_pic_flag(self):

lib/spack/spack/compilers/msvc.py

@@ -103,11 +103,22 @@ def short_msvc_version(self):
         """
         This is the shorthand VCToolset version of form
         MSVC<short-ver> *NOT* the full version, for that see
-        Msvc.msvc_version
+        Msvc.msvc_version or MSVC.platform_toolset_ver for the
+        raw platform toolset version
         """
-        ver = self.msvc_version[:2].joined.string[:3]
+        ver = self.platform_toolset_ver
         return "MSVC" + ver
 
+    @property
+    def platform_toolset_ver(self):
+        """
+        This is the platform toolset version of current MSVC compiler
+        i.e. 142.
+        This is different from the VC toolset version as established
+        by `short_msvc_version`
+        """
+        return self.msvc_version[:2].joined.string[:3]
+
     @property
     def cl_version(self):
         """Cl toolset version"""

lib/spack/spack/concretize.py

@@ -743,9 +743,7 @@ def _concretize_specs_together_new(*abstract_specs, **kwargs):
     import spack.solver.asp
 
     solver = spack.solver.asp.Solver()
-    solver.tests = kwargs.get("tests", False)
-
-    result = solver.solve(abstract_specs)
+    result = solver.solve(abstract_specs, tests=kwargs.get("tests", False))
     result.raise_if_unsat()
     return [s.copy() for s in result.specs]
 

lib/spack/spack/config.py

@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ def _config():
     configuration_paths = [
         # Default configuration scope is the lowest-level scope. These are
         # versioned with Spack and can be overridden by systems, sites or users
-        configuration_defaults_path,
+        configuration_defaults_path
     ]
 
     disable_local_config = "SPACK_DISABLE_LOCAL_CONFIG" in os.environ
@@ -801,15 +801,11 @@ def _config():
     # System configuration is per machine.
     # This is disabled if user asks for no local configuration.
     if not disable_local_config:
-        configuration_paths.append(
-            ("system", spack.paths.system_config_path),
-        )
+        configuration_paths.append(("system", spack.paths.system_config_path))
 
     # Site configuration is per spack instance, for sites or projects
     # No site-level configs should be checked into spack by default.
-    configuration_paths.append(
-        ("site", os.path.join(spack.paths.etc_path)),
-    )
+    configuration_paths.append(("site", os.path.join(spack.paths.etc_path)))
 
     # User configuration can override both spack defaults and site config
     # This is disabled if user asks for no local configuration.

lib/spack/spack/cray_manifest.py

@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@
 #: packages here.
 default_path = "/opt/cray/pe/cpe-descriptive-manifest/"
 
-compiler_name_translation = {
-    "nvidia": "nvhpc",
-    "rocm": "rocmcc",
-}
+compiler_name_translation = {"nvidia": "nvhpc", "rocm": "rocmcc"}
 
 
 def translated_compiler_name(manifest_compiler_name):

lib/spack/spack/database.py

@@ -46,10 +46,7 @@
 import spack.store
 import spack.util.lock as lk
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
-from spack.directory_layout import (
-    DirectoryLayoutError,
-    InconsistentInstallDirectoryError,
-)
+from spack.directory_layout import DirectoryLayoutError, InconsistentInstallDirectoryError
 from spack.error import SpackError
 from spack.util.crypto import bit_length
 from spack.version import Version
@@ -108,10 +105,7 @@
 
 
 def reader(version):
-    reader_cls = {
-        Version("5"): spack.spec.SpecfileV1,
-        Version("6"): spack.spec.SpecfileV3,
-    }
+    reader_cls = {Version("5"): spack.spec.SpecfileV1, Version("6"): spack.spec.SpecfileV3}
     return reader_cls[version]
 
 

lib/spack/spack/detection/common.py

@@ -377,7 +377,8 @@ def compute_windows_user_path_for_package(pkg):
     install location, return list of potential locations based
     on common heuristics. For more info on Windows user specific
     installs see:
-    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.environment.specialfolder?view=netframework-4.8"""
+    https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.environment.specialfolder?view=netframework-4.8
+    """
     if not is_windows:
         return []
 

lib/spack/spack/environment/environment.py

@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
+import llnl.util.tty.color as clr
 from llnl.util.lang import dedupe
+from llnl.util.link_tree import ConflictingSpecsError
 from llnl.util.symlink import symlink
 
 import spack.compilers
@@ -45,11 +47,7 @@
 import spack.util.spack_json as sjson
 import spack.util.spack_yaml as syaml
 import spack.util.url
-from spack.filesystem_view import (
-    SimpleFilesystemView,
-    inverse_view_func_parser,
-    view_func_parser,
-)
+from spack.filesystem_view import SimpleFilesystemView, inverse_view_func_parser, view_func_parser
 from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 from spack.spec import Spec
 from spack.spec_list import InvalidSpecConstraintError, SpecList
@@ -64,8 +62,8 @@
 _active_environment = None
 
 
-#: path where environments are stored in the spack tree
-env_path = os.path.join(spack.paths.var_path, "environments")
+#: default path where environments are stored in the spack tree
+default_env_path = os.path.join(spack.paths.var_path, "environments")
 
 
 #: Name of the input yaml file for an environment
@@ -80,6 +78,26 @@
 env_subdir_name = ".spack-env"
 
 
+def env_root_path():
+    """Override default root path if the user specified it"""
+    return spack.util.path.canonicalize_path(
+        spack.config.get("config:environments_root", default=default_env_path)
+    )
+
+
+def check_disallowed_env_config_mods(scopes):
+    for scope in scopes:
+        with spack.config.use_configuration(scope):
+            if spack.config.get("config:environments_root"):
+                raise SpackEnvironmentError(
+                    "Spack environments are prohibited from modifying 'config:environments_root' "
+                    "because it can make the definition of the environment ill-posed. Please "
+                    "remove from your environment and place it in a permanent scope such as "
+                    "defaults, system, site, etc."
+                )
+    return scopes
+
+
 def default_manifest_yaml():
     """default spack.yaml file to put in new environments"""
     return """\
@@ -216,7 +234,7 @@ def active_environment():
 
 def _root(name):
     """Non-validating version of root(), to be used internally."""
-    return os.path.join(env_path, name)
+    return os.path.join(env_root_path(), name)
 
 
 def root(name):
@@ -251,10 +269,12 @@ def read(name):
 
 
 def create(name, init_file=None, with_view=None, keep_relative=False):
-    """Create a named environment in Spack."""
+    """Create a managed environment in Spack."""
+    if not os.path.isdir(env_root_path()):
+        fs.mkdirp(env_root_path())
     validate_env_name(name)
     if exists(name):
-        raise SpackEnvironmentError("'%s': environment already exists" % name)
+        raise SpackEnvironmentError("'%s': environment already exists at %s" % (name, root(name)))
     return Environment(root(name), init_file, with_view, keep_relative)
 
 
@@ -268,10 +288,10 @@ def all_environment_names():
     """List the names of environments that currently exist."""
     # just return empty if the env path does not exist.  A read-only
     # operation like list should not try to create a directory.
-    if not os.path.exists(env_path):
+    if not os.path.exists(env_root_path()):
         return []
 
-    candidates = sorted(os.listdir(env_path))
+    candidates = sorted(os.listdir(env_root_path()))
     names = []
     for candidate in candidates:
         yaml_path = os.path.join(_root(candidate), manifest_name)
@@ -281,7 +301,7 @@ def all_environment_names():
 
 
 def all_environments():
-    """Generator for all named Environments."""
+    """Generator for all managed Environments."""
     for name in all_environment_names():
         yield read(name)
 
@@ -304,12 +324,7 @@ def _write_yaml(data, str_or_file):
 def _eval_conditional(string):
     """Evaluate conditional definitions using restricted variable scope."""
     valid_variables = spack.util.environment.get_host_environment()
-    valid_variables.update(
-        {
-            "re": re,
-            "env": os.environ,
-        }
-    )
+    valid_variables.update({"re": re, "env": os.environ})
     return eval(string, valid_variables)
 
 
@@ -612,7 +627,24 @@ def regenerate(self, concretized_root_specs):
                 os.unlink(tmp_symlink_name)
             except (IOError, OSError):
                 pass
-            raise e
+
+            # Give an informative error message for the typical error case: two specs, same package
+            # project to same prefix.
+            if isinstance(e, ConflictingSpecsError):
+                spec_a = e.args[0].format(color=clr.get_color_when())
+                spec_b = e.args[1].format(color=clr.get_color_when())
+                raise SpackEnvironmentViewError(
+                    f"The environment view in {self.root} could not be created, "
+                    "because the following two specs project to the same prefix:\n"
+                    f"    {spec_a}, and\n"
+                    f"    {spec_b}.\n"
+                    "    To resolve this issue:\n"
+                    "        a. use `concretization:unify:true` to ensure there is only one "
+                    "package per spec in the environment, or\n"
+                    "        b. disable views with `view:false`, or\n"
+                    "        c. create custom view projections."
+                ) from e
+            raise
 
         # Remove the old root when it's in the same folder as the new root. This guards
         # against removal of an arbitrary path when the original symlink in self.root
@@ -849,14 +881,14 @@ def clear(self, re_read=False):
     @property
     def internal(self):
         """Whether this environment is managed by Spack."""
-        return self.path.startswith(env_path)
+        return self.path.startswith(env_root_path())
 
     @property
     def name(self):
         """Human-readable representation of the environment.
 
         This is the path for directory environments, and just the name
-        for named environments.
+        for managed environments.
         """
         if self.internal:
             return os.path.basename(self.path)
@@ -973,9 +1005,7 @@ def included_config_scopes(self):
                         config_path = os.path.join(config_path, basename)
                 else:
                     staged_path = spack.config.fetch_remote_configs(
-                        config_path,
-                        self.config_stage_dir,
-                        skip_existing=True,
+                        config_path, self.config_stage_dir, skip_existing=True
                     )
                     if not staged_path:
                         raise SpackEnvironmentError(
@@ -1036,7 +1066,9 @@ def env_file_config_scope(self):
 
     def config_scopes(self):
         """A list of all configuration scopes for this environment."""
-        return self.included_config_scopes() + [self.env_file_config_scope()]
+        return check_disallowed_env_config_mods(
+            self.included_config_scopes() + [self.env_file_config_scope()]
+        )
 
     def destroy(self):
         """Remove this environment from Spack entirely."""

lib/spack/spack/fetch_strategy.py

@@ -35,13 +35,7 @@
 import llnl.util
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.filesystem import (
-    get_single_file,
-    mkdirp,
-    temp_cwd,
-    temp_rename,
-    working_dir,
-)
+from llnl.util.filesystem import get_single_file, mkdirp, temp_cwd, temp_rename, working_dir
 from llnl.util.symlink import symlink
 
 import spack.config
@@ -95,22 +89,6 @@ def _ensure_one_stage_entry(stage_path):
     return os.path.join(stage_path, stage_entries[0])
 
 
-def _filesummary(path, print_bytes=16):
-    try:
-        n = print_bytes
-        with open(path, "rb") as f:
-            size = os.fstat(f.fileno()).st_size
-            if size <= 2 * n:
-                short_contents = f.read(2 * n)
-            else:
-                short_contents = f.read(n)
-                f.seek(-n, 2)
-                short_contents += b"..." + f.read(n)
-        return size, short_contents
-    except OSError:
-        return 0, b""
-
-
 def fetcher(cls):
     """Decorator used to register fetch strategies."""
     all_strategies.append(cls)
@@ -519,7 +497,7 @@ def check(self):
             # On failure, provide some information about the file size and
             # contents, so that we can quickly see what the issue is (redirect
             # was not followed, empty file, text instead of binary, ...)
-            size, contents = _filesummary(self.archive_file)
+            size, contents = fs.filesummary(self.archive_file)
             raise ChecksumError(
                 f"{checker.hash_name} checksum failed for {self.archive_file}",
                 f"Expected {self.digest} but got {checker.sum}. "
@@ -884,6 +862,9 @@ def clone(self, dest=None, commit=None, branch=None, tag=None, bare=False):
                 )
 
             with working_dir(dest):
+                # By defaults, on all references are fetched by the clone
+                fetch_args = ["fetch", "origin", commit]
+                git(*fetch_args)
                 checkout_args = ["checkout", commit]
                 if not debug:
                     checkout_args.insert(1, "--quiet")
@@ -1555,11 +1536,7 @@ def for_package_version(pkg, version):
         # performance hit for branches on older versions of git.
         # Branches cannot be cached, so we tell the fetcher not to cache tags/branches
         ref_type = "commit" if version.is_commit else "tag"
-        kwargs = {
-            "git": pkg.git,
-            ref_type: version.ref,
-            "no_cache": True,
-        }
+        kwargs = {"git": pkg.git, ref_type: version.ref, "no_cache": True}
 
         kwargs["submodules"] = getattr(pkg, "submodules", False)
 

lib/spack/spack/filesystem_view.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 )
 from llnl.util.lang import index_by, match_predicate
 from llnl.util.link_tree import (
+    ConflictingSpecsError,
     DestinationMergeVisitor,
     LinkTree,
     MergeConflictSummary,
@@ -638,6 +639,22 @@ class SimpleFilesystemView(FilesystemView):
     def __init__(self, root, layout, **kwargs):
         super(SimpleFilesystemView, self).__init__(root, layout, **kwargs)
 
+    def _sanity_check_view_projection(self, specs):
+        """A very common issue is that we end up with two specs of the same
+        package, that project to the same prefix. We want to catch that as
+        early as possible and give a sensible error to the user. Here we use
+        the metadata dir (.spack) projection as a quick test to see whether
+        two specs in the view are going to clash. The metadata dir is used
+        because it's always added by Spack with identical files, so a
+        guaranteed clash that's easily verified."""
+        seen = dict()
+        for current_spec in specs:
+            metadata_dir = self.relative_metadata_dir_for_spec(current_spec)
+            conflicting_spec = seen.get(metadata_dir)
+            if conflicting_spec:
+                raise ConflictingSpecsError(current_spec, conflicting_spec)
+            seen[metadata_dir] = current_spec
+
     def add_specs(self, *specs, **kwargs):
         assert all((s.concrete for s in specs))
         if len(specs) == 0:
@@ -652,6 +669,8 @@ def add_specs(self, *specs, **kwargs):
         if kwargs.get("exclude", None):
             specs = set(filter_exclude(specs, kwargs["exclude"]))
 
+        self._sanity_check_view_projection(specs)
+
         # Ignore spack meta data folder.
         def skip_list(file):
             return os.path.basename(file) == spack.store.layout.metadata_dir
@@ -686,32 +705,45 @@ def skip_list(file):
         for dst in visitor.directories:
             os.mkdir(os.path.join(self._root, dst))
 
-        # Then group the files to be linked by spec...
-        # For compatibility, we have to create a merge_map dict mapping
-        # full_src => full_dst
-        files_per_spec = itertools.groupby(visitor.files.items(), key=lambda item: item[1][0])
-
-        for (spec, (src_root, rel_paths)) in zip(specs, files_per_spec):
-            merge_map = dict()
-            for dst_rel, (_, src_rel) in rel_paths:
-                full_src = os.path.join(src_root, src_rel)
-                full_dst = os.path.join(self._root, dst_rel)
-                merge_map[full_src] = full_dst
+        # Link the files using a "merge map": full src => full dst
+        merge_map_per_prefix = self._source_merge_visitor_to_merge_map(visitor)
+        for spec in specs:
+            merge_map = merge_map_per_prefix.get(spec.package.view_source(), None)
+            if not merge_map:
+                # Not every spec may have files to contribute.
+                continue
             spec.package.add_files_to_view(self, merge_map, skip_if_exists=False)
 
         # Finally create the metadata dirs.
         self.link_metadata(specs)
 
+    def _source_merge_visitor_to_merge_map(self, visitor: SourceMergeVisitor):
+        # For compatibility with add_files_to_view, we have to create a
+        # merge_map of the form join(src_root, src_rel) => join(dst_root, dst_rel),
+        # but our visitor.files format is dst_rel => (src_root, src_rel).
+        # We exploit that visitor.files is an ordered dict, and files per source
+        # prefix are contiguous.
+        source_root = lambda item: item[1][0]
+        per_source = itertools.groupby(visitor.files.items(), key=source_root)
+        return {
+            src_root: {
+                os.path.join(src_root, src_rel): os.path.join(self._root, dst_rel)
+                for dst_rel, (_, src_rel) in group
+            }
+            for src_root, group in per_source
+        }
+
+    def relative_metadata_dir_for_spec(self, spec):
+        return os.path.join(
+            self.get_relative_projection_for_spec(spec), spack.store.layout.metadata_dir, spec.name
+        )
+
     def link_metadata(self, specs):
         metadata_visitor = SourceMergeVisitor()
 
         for spec in specs:
             src_prefix = os.path.join(spec.package.view_source(), spack.store.layout.metadata_dir)
-            proj = os.path.join(
-                self.get_relative_projection_for_spec(spec),
-                spack.store.layout.metadata_dir,
-                spec.name,
-            )
+            proj = self.relative_metadata_dir_for_spec(spec)
             metadata_visitor.set_projection(proj)
             visit_directory_tree(src_prefix, metadata_visitor)
 

lib/spack/spack/hooks/absolutify_elf_sonames.py

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ class SharedLibrariesVisitor(BaseDirectoryVisitor):
     exception of an exclude list."""
 
     def __init__(self, exclude_list):
-
         # List of file and directory names to be excluded
         self.exclude_list = frozenset(exclude_list)
 

lib/spack/spack/hooks/sbang.py

@@ -212,8 +212,7 @@ def install_sbang():
 
     # copy over the fresh copy of `sbang`
     sbang_tmp_path = os.path.join(
-        os.path.dirname(sbang_path),
-        ".%s.tmp" % os.path.basename(sbang_path),
+        os.path.dirname(sbang_path), ".%s.tmp" % os.path.basename(sbang_path)
     )
     shutil.copy(spack.paths.sbang_script, sbang_tmp_path)
 

lib/spack/spack/installer.py

@@ -423,11 +423,7 @@ def _try_install_from_binary_cache(pkg, explicit, unsigned=False, timer=timer.NU
         matches = binary_distribution.get_mirrors_for_spec(pkg.spec, index_only=True)
 
     return _process_binary_cache_tarball(
-        pkg,
-        explicit,
-        unsigned,
-        mirrors_for_spec=matches,
-        timer=timer,
+        pkg, explicit, unsigned, mirrors_for_spec=matches, timer=timer
     )
 
 
@@ -789,7 +785,7 @@ def _add_bootstrap_compilers(self, compiler, architecture, pkgs, request, all_de
                 associated dependents
         """
         packages = _packages_needed_to_bootstrap_compiler(compiler, architecture, pkgs)
-        for (comp_pkg, is_compiler) in packages:
+        for comp_pkg, is_compiler in packages:
             pkgid = package_id(comp_pkg)
             if pkgid not in self.build_tasks:
                 self._add_init_task(comp_pkg, request, is_compiler, all_deps)
@@ -813,8 +809,7 @@ def _modify_existing_task(self, pkgid, attr, value):
             key, task = tup
             if task.pkg_id == pkgid:
                 tty.debug(
-                    "Modifying task for {0} to treat it as a compiler".format(pkgid),
-                    level=2,
+                    "Modifying task for {0} to treat it as a compiler".format(pkgid), level=2
                 )
                 setattr(task, attr, value)
                 self.build_pq[i] = (key, task)
@@ -1212,7 +1207,6 @@ def _add_tasks(self, request, all_deps):
 
         install_package = request.install_args.get("install_package")
         if install_package and request.pkg_id not in self.build_tasks:
-
             # Be sure to clear any previous failure
             spack.store.db.clear_failure(request.spec, force=True)
 
@@ -1761,14 +1755,16 @@ def install(self):
                 raise
 
             except binary_distribution.NoChecksumException as exc:
-                if not task.cache_only:
-                    # Checking hash on downloaded binary failed.
-                    err = "Failed to install {0} from binary cache due to {1}:"
-                    err += " Requeueing to install from source."
-                    tty.error(err.format(pkg.name, str(exc)))
-                    task.use_cache = False
-                    self._requeue_task(task)
-                    continue
+                if task.cache_only:
+                    raise
+
+                # Checking hash on downloaded binary failed.
+                err = "Failed to install {0} from binary cache due to {1}:"
+                err += " Requeueing to install from source."
+                tty.error(err.format(pkg.name, str(exc)))
+                task.use_cache = False
+                self._requeue_task(task)
+                continue
 
             except (Exception, SystemExit) as exc:
                 self._update_failed(task, True, exc)
@@ -1948,11 +1944,7 @@ def run(self):
             # Run post install hooks before build stage is removed.
             spack.hooks.post_install(self.pkg.spec)
 
-        _print_timer(
-            pre=self.pre,
-            pkg_id=self.pkg_id,
-            timer=self.timer,
-        )
+        _print_timer(pre=self.pre, pkg_id=self.pkg_id, timer=self.timer)
         _print_installed_pkg(self.pkg.prefix)
 
         # Send final status that install is successful

lib/spack/spack/main.py

@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ def make_argument_parser(**kwargs):
         dest="env_dir",
         metavar="DIR",
         action="store",
-        help="run with an environment directory (ignore named environments)",
+        help="run with an environment directory (ignore managed environments)",
     )
     env_group.add_argument(
         "-E",