tau: checksum (#33873)

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "image": "ghcr.io/spack/ubuntu20.04-runner-amd64-gcc-11.4:2023.08.01",
-  "postCreateCommand": "./.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh"
-}

.devcontainer/postCreateCommand.sh

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Load spack environment at terminal startup
-cat <<EOF >> /root/.bashrc
-. /workspaces/spack/share/spack/setup-env.sh
-EOF
-
-# Load spack environment in this script
-. /workspaces/spack/share/spack/setup-env.sh
-
-# Ensure generic targets for maximum matching with buildcaches
-spack config --scope site add "packages:all:require:[target=x86_64_v3]"
-spack config --scope site add "concretizer:targets:granularity:generic"
-
-# Find compiler and install gcc-runtime
-spack compiler find --scope site
-
-# Setup buildcaches
-spack mirror add --scope site develop https://binaries.spack.io/develop
-spack buildcache keys --install --trust

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 # .git-blame-ignore-revs
-# Formatted entire codebase with black 23
-603569e321013a1a63a637813c94c2834d0a0023
-# Formatted entire codebase with black 22
+# Formatted entire codebase with black
 f52f6e99dbf1131886a80112b8c79dfc414afb7c

.gitattributes

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 *.py diff=python
 *.lp linguist-language=Prolog
 lib/spack/external/* linguist-vendored
-*.bat text eol=crlf

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/build_error.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ body:
         Thanks for taking the time to report this build failure. To proceed with the report please:
         1. Title the issue `Installation issue: <name-of-the-package>`.
         2. Provide the information required below.
-
+        
         We encourage you to try, as much as possible, to reduce your problem to the minimal example that still reproduces the issue. That would help us a lot in fixing it quickly and effectively!
   - type: textarea
     id: reproduce
@@ -29,9 +29,7 @@ body:
       description: |
         Please post the error message from spack inside the `<details>` tag below:
       value: |
-        <details><summary>Error message</summary>
-
-        <pre>
+        <details><summary>Error message</summary><pre>
         ...
         </pre></details>
     validations:
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ body:
         Please upload the following files:
         * **`spack-build-out.txt`**
         * **`spack-build-env.txt`**
-
+        
         They should be present in the stage directory of the failing build. Also upload any `config.log` or similar file if one exists.
   - type: markdown
     attributes:

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: "\U0001F38A Feature request"
+name: "\U0001F38A Feature request" 
 description: Suggest adding a feature that is not yet in Spack
 labels: [feature]
 body:
@@ -29,11 +29,13 @@ body:
     attributes:
       label: General information
       options:
+        - label: I have run `spack --version` and reported the version of Spack
+          required: true
         - label: I have searched the issues of this repo and believe this is not a duplicate
           required: true
   - type: markdown
     attributes:
       value: |
         If you want to ask a question about the tool (how to use it, what it can currently do, etc.), try the `#general` channel on [our Slack](https://slack.spack.io/) first. We have a welcoming community and chances are you'll get your reply faster and without opening an issue.
-
+        
         Other than that, thanks for taking the time to contribute to Spack!

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/test_error.yml

@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ body:
       description: |
         Please post the error message from spack inside the `<details>` tag below:
       value: |
-        <details><summary>Error message</summary>
-
-        <pre>
+        <details><summary>Error message</summary><pre>
         ...
         </pre></details>
     validations:

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -5,13 +5,3 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "daily"
-  # Requirements to build documentation
-  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
-    directory: "/lib/spack/docs"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  # Requirements to run style checks
-  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
-    directory: "/.github/workflows/style"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<!--  
-Remember that `spackbot` can help with your PR in multiple ways:
-- `@spackbot help` shows all the commands that are currently available
-- `@spackbot fix style` tries to push a commit to fix style issues in this PR
-- `@spackbot re-run pipeline` runs the pipelines again, if you have write access to the repository 
--->

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -17,24 +17,20 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   # Run audits on all the packages in the built-in repository
   package-audits:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.operating_system }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        operating_system: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest"]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{inputs.python_version}}
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-        pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest coverage[toml]
+        pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools pytest codecov 'coverage[toml]<=6.2'
     - name: Package audits (with coverage)
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
       run: |
           . share/spack/setup-env.sh
           coverage run $(which spack) audit packages
-          coverage run $(which spack) audit externals        
           coverage combine
           coverage xml
     - name: Package audits (without coverage)
@@ -42,10 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       run: |
           . share/spack/setup-env.sh
           $(which spack) audit packages
-          $(which spack) audit externals
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@c16abc29c95fcf9174b58eb7e1abf4c866893bc8
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70 # @v2.1.0
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
       with:
-        flags: unittests,audits
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
+        flags: unittests,linux,audits

.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison bison-devel libstdc++-static
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ jobs:
         shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.3
           spack external find cmake bison
           spack -d solve zlib
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ jobs:
         shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.3
           spack external find cmake bison
           spack -d solve zlib
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
               bzip2 curl file g++ gcc gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup repo
@@ -145,8 +145,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.3
           spack external find cmake bison
           spack -d solve zlib
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
@@ -158,16 +158,13 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install cmake bison@2.7 tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.12"
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
           export PATH=/usr/local/opt/bison@2.7/bin:$PATH
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.3
           spack external find --not-buildable cmake bison
           spack -d solve zlib
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
@@ -182,11 +179,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           set -ex
-          for ver in '3.7' '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' '3.11' ; do
+          for ver in '3.6' '3.7' '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' ; do
             not_found=1
             ver_dir="$(find $RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE/Python -wholename "*/${ver}.*/*/bin" | grep . || true)"
             echo "Testing $ver_dir"
@@ -207,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup repo
@@ -217,7 +214,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           set -ex
-          for ver in '3.7' '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' '3.11' ; do
+          for ver in '2.7' '3.6' '3.7' '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' ; do
             not_found=1
             ver_dir="$(find $RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE/Python -wholename "*/${ver}.*/*/bin" | grep . || true)"
             echo "Testing $ver_dir"
@@ -250,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
               bzip2 curl file g++ gcc patchelf gfortran git gzip \
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -268,7 +265,6 @@ jobs:
         shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
           spack bootstrap disable spack-install
           spack -d gpg list
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
@@ -287,7 +283,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
               gawk
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup non-root user
@@ -306,8 +302,8 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
           spack solve zlib
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.3
           spack -d gpg list
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
 
@@ -320,11 +316,10 @@ jobs:
           # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
           sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
           spack bootstrap disable spack-install
           spack -d gpg list
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
@@ -338,13 +333,13 @@ jobs:
           # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
           sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
           spack solve zlib
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.3
           spack -d gpg list
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
 

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -38,39 +38,32 @@ jobs:
         # Meaning of the various items in the matrix list
         # 0: Container name (e.g. ubuntu-bionic)
         # 1: Platforms to build for
-        # 2: Base image (e.g. ubuntu:22.04)
+        # 2: Base image (e.g. ubuntu:18.04)
         dockerfile: [[amazon-linux, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'amazonlinux:2'],
                      [centos7, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'centos:7'],
                      [centos-stream, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'centos:stream'],
                      [leap15, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'opensuse/leap:15'],
+                     [ubuntu-bionic, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:18.04'],
                      [ubuntu-focal, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:20.04'],
-                     [ubuntu-jammy, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:22.04'],
-                     [almalinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:8'],
-                     [almalinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:9'],
-                     [rockylinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:8'],
-                     [rockylinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:9'],
-                     [fedora37, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:37'],
-                     [fedora38, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:38']]
+                     [ubuntu-jammy, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:22.04']]
     name: Build ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
     if: github.repository == 'spack/spack'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
 
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@8e5442c4ef9f78752691e2d8f8d19755c6f78e81
-        id: docker_meta
-        with:
-          images: |
-              ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-              ${{ github.repository_owner }}/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-          tags: |
-              type=schedule,pattern=nightly
-              type=schedule,pattern=develop
-              type=semver,pattern={{version}}
-              type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
-              type=semver,pattern={{major}}
-              type=ref,event=branch
-              type=ref,event=pr
+      - name: Set Container Tag Normal (Nightly)
+        run: |
+          container="${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}:latest"
+          echo "container=${container}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "versioned=${container}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+        # On a new release create a container with the same tag as the release.
+      - name: Set Container Tag on Release
+        if: github.event_name == 'release'
+        run: |
+          versioned="${{matrix.dockerfile[0]}}:${GITHUB_REF##*/}"
+          echo "versioned=${versioned}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Generate the Dockerfile
         env:
@@ -87,19 +80,19 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload Dockerfile
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@a8a3f3ad30e3422c9c7b888a15615d19a852ae32
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@3cea5372237819ed00197afe530f5a7ea3e805c8
         with:
           name: dockerfiles
           path: dockerfiles
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@68827325e0b33c7199eb31dd4e31fbe9023e06e3
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@8b122486cedac8393e77aa9734c3528886e4a1a8 # @v1
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@2b51285047da1547ffb1b2203d8be4c0af6b1f20
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@c74574e6c82eeedc46366be1b0d287eff9085eb6 # @v1
 
       - name: Log in to GitHub Container Registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@e92390c5fb421da1463c202d546fed0ec5c39f20
+        uses: docker/login-action@f4ef78c080cd8ba55a85445d5b36e214a81df20a # @v1
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -107,16 +100,21 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to DockerHub
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: docker/login-action@e92390c5fb421da1463c202d546fed0ec5c39f20
+        uses: docker/login-action@f4ef78c080cd8ba55a85445d5b36e214a81df20a # @v1
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: Build & Deploy ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@2cdde995de11925a030ce8070c3d77a52ffcf1c0
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@c84f38281176d4c9cdb1626ffafcd6b3911b5d94 # @v2
         with:
           context: dockerfiles/${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
           platforms: ${{ matrix.dockerfile[1] }}
           push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
-          tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
-          labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
+          cache-from: type=gha
+          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          tags: |
+            spack/${{ env.container }}
+            spack/${{ env.versioned }}
+            ghcr.io/spack/${{ env.container }}
+            ghcr.io/spack/${{ env.versioned }}

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -18,9 +18,14 @@ jobs:
   prechecks:
     needs: [ changes ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/valid-style.yml
-    secrets: inherit
     with:
       with_coverage: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.core }}
+  audit-ancient-python:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/audit.yaml
+    needs: [ changes ]
+    with:
+      with_coverage: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.core }}
+      python_version: 2.7
   all-prechecks:
     needs: [ prechecks ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -36,12 +41,12 @@ jobs:
       core: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.core }}
       packages: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.packages }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+      - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
             # For pull requests it's not necessary to checkout the code
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@de90cc6fb38fc0963ad72b210f1f284cd68cea36
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@b2feaf19c27470162a626bd6fa8438ae5b263721
         id: filter
         with:
           # See https://github.com/dorny/paths-filter/issues/56 for the syntax used below
@@ -71,19 +76,16 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'spack/spack' && needs.changes.outputs.bootstrap == 'true' }}
     needs: [ prechecks, changes ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml
-    secrets: inherit
   unit-tests:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'spack/spack' && needs.changes.outputs.core == 'true' }}
     needs: [ prechecks, changes ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml
-    secrets: inherit
   windows:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'spack/spack' && needs.changes.outputs.core == 'true' }}
     needs: [ prechecks ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/windows_python.yml
-    secrets: inherit
   all:
-    needs: [ windows, unit-tests, bootstrap ]
+    needs: [ windows, unit-tests, bootstrap, audit-ancient-python ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - name: Success

.github/workflows/nightly-win-builds.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: Windows Paraview Nightly
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 2 * * *' # Run at 2 am
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell:
-     powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
-
-
-jobs:
-  build-paraview-deps:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.9
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools coverage
-    - name: Build Test
-      run: |
-        spack compiler find
-        spack external find cmake ninja win-sdk win-wdk wgl msmpi
-        spack -d install -y --cdash-upload-url https://cdash.spack.io/submit.php?project=Spack+on+Windows --cdash-track Nightly --only dependencies paraview
-        exit 0

.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-# (c) 2022 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
+# (c) 2021 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
+
+Set-Location spack
 
 git config --global user.email "spack@example.com"
 git config --global user.name "Test User"
 git config --global core.longpaths true
 
+# See https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85 (CVE-2022-39253)
+# This is needed to let some fixture in our unit-test suite run
+git config --global protocol.file.allow always
+
 if ($(git branch --show-current) -ne "develop")
 {
     git branch develop origin/develop

.github/workflows/setup_git.sh

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 git config --global user.email "spack@example.com"
 git config --global user.name "Test User"
 
+# See https://github.com/git/git/security/advisories/GHSA-3wp6-j8xr-qw85 (CVE-2022-39253)
+# This is needed to let some fixture in our unit-test suite run
+git config --global protocol.file.allow always
+
 # create a local pr base branch
 if [[ -n $GITHUB_BASE_REF ]]; then
     git fetch origin "${GITHUB_BASE_REF}:${GITHUB_BASE_REF}"

.github/workflows/style/requirements.txt

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-black==24.3.0
-clingo==5.7.1
-flake8==7.0.0
-isort==5.13.2
-mypy==1.8.0
-types-six==1.16.21.9
-vermin==1.6.0

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml

@@ -11,50 +11,36 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   # Run unit tests with different configurations on linux
   ubuntu:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
+        python-version: ['2.7', '3.6', '3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10']
         concretizer: ['clingo']
         on_develop:
         - ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         include:
-        - python-version: '3.11'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
+        - python-version: 2.7
           concretizer: original
           on_develop: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
-        - python-version: '3.6'
-          os: ubuntu-20.04
-          concretizer: clingo
+        - python-version: '3.10'
+          concretizer: original
           on_develop: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         exclude:
         - python-version: '3.7'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.8'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.9'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          concretizer: 'clingo'
-          on_develop: false
-        - python-version: '3.10'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
-          concretizer: 'clingo'
-          on_develop: false
-        - python-version: '3.11'
-          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
           on_develop: false
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install System packages
@@ -63,11 +49,24 @@ jobs:
           # Needed for unit tests
           sudo apt-get -y install \
               coreutils cvs gfortran graphviz gnupg2 mercurial ninja-build \
-              cmake bison libbison-dev kcov
+              patchelf cmake bison libbison-dev kcov
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest pytest-xdist pytest-cov
-          pip install --upgrade flake8 "isort>=4.3.5" "mypy>=0.900" "click" "black"
+          pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools pytest codecov[toml] pytest-xdist 
+          # Install pytest-cov only on recent Python, to avoid stalling on Python 2.7 due
+          # to bugs on an unmaintained version of the package when used with xdist.
+          if [[ ${{ matrix.python-version }} != "2.7" ]]; then
+            pip install --upgrade pytest-cov
+          fi
+          # ensure style checks are not skipped in unit tests for python >= 3.6
+          # note that true/false (i.e., 1/0) are opposite in conditions in python and bash
+          if python -c 'import sys; sys.exit(not sys.version_info >= (3, 6))'; then
+              pip install --upgrade flake8 "isort>=4.3.5" "mypy>=0.900" "click==8.0.4" "black<=21.12b0"
+          fi
+    - name: Pin pathlib for Python 2.7
+      if: ${{ matrix.python-version == 2.7 }}
+      run: |
+          pip install -U pathlib2==2.3.6 toml
     - name: Setup git configuration
       run: |
           # Need this for the git tests to succeed.
@@ -80,7 +79,6 @@ jobs:
       run: |
           . share/spack/setup-env.sh
           spack bootstrap disable spack-install
-          spack bootstrap now
           spack -v solve zlib
     - name: Run unit tests
       env:
@@ -88,24 +86,22 @@ jobs:
           SPACK_TEST_SOLVER: ${{ matrix.concretizer }}
           SPACK_TEST_PARALLEL: 2
           COVERAGE: true
-          UNIT_TEST_COVERAGE: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.11' }}
+          UNIT_TEST_COVERAGE: ${{ (matrix.python-version == '3.10') }}
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@c16abc29c95fcf9174b58eb7e1abf4c866893bc8
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,${{ matrix.concretizer }}
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
   # Test shell integration
   shell:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984 # @v2
       with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
+        python-version: '3.10'
     - name: Install System packages
       run: |
           sudo apt-get -y update
@@ -113,7 +109,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get install -y coreutils kcov csh zsh tcsh fish dash bash
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest coverage[toml] pytest-xdist
+          pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools pytest codecov coverage[toml]==6.2 pytest-xdist
     - name: Setup git configuration
       run: |
           # Need this for the git tests to succeed.
@@ -124,11 +120,9 @@ jobs:
           COVERAGE: true
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-shell-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@c16abc29c95fcf9174b58eb7e1abf4c866893bc8
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70
       with:
         flags: shelltests,linux
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
 
   # Test RHEL8 UBI with platform Python. This job is run
   # only on PRs modifying core Spack
@@ -141,11 +135,10 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
     - name: Setup repo and non-root user
       run: |
           git --version
-          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
           git fetch --unshallow
           . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
           useradd spack-test
@@ -154,26 +147,28 @@ jobs:
       shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
       run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack -d bootstrap now --dev
+          spack -d solve zlib
           spack unit-test -k 'not cvs and not svn and not hg' -x --verbose
   # Test for the clingo based solver (using clingo-cffi)
   clingo-cffi:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984 # @v2
       with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
+        python-version: '3.10'
     - name: Install System packages
       run: |
           sudo apt-get -y update
-          sudo apt-get -y install coreutils cvs gfortran graphviz gnupg2 mercurial ninja-build kcov
+          # Needed for unit tests
+          sudo apt-get -y install \
+              coreutils cvs gfortran graphviz gnupg2 mercurial ninja-build \
+              patchelf kcov
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest coverage[toml] pytest-cov clingo pytest-xdist
-          pip install --upgrade flake8 "isort>=4.3.5" "mypy>=0.900" "click" "black"
+          pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools pytest codecov coverage[toml] pytest-cov clingo pytest-xdist
     - name: Setup git configuration
       run: |
           # Need this for the git tests to succeed.
@@ -185,29 +180,26 @@ jobs:
           SPACK_TEST_SOLVER: clingo
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@c16abc29c95fcf9174b58eb7e1abf4c866893bc8
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70 # @v2.1.0
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,clingo
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
   # Run unit tests on MacOS
   macos:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [macos-latest, macos-14]
-        python-version: ["3.11"]
+        python-version: ["3.10"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984 # @v2
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-          pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-          pip install --upgrade pytest coverage[toml] pytest-xdist pytest-cov
+          pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools
+          pip install --upgrade pytest codecov coverage[toml] pytest-xdist pytest-cov
     - name: Setup Homebrew packages
       run: |
         brew install dash fish gcc gnupg2 kcov
@@ -222,9 +214,7 @@ jobs:
         $(which spack) bootstrap disable spack-install
         $(which spack) solve zlib
         common_args=(--dist loadfile --tx '4*popen//python=./bin/spack-tmpconfig python -u ./bin/spack python' -x)
-        $(which spack) unit-test --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml "${common_args[@]}"
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@c16abc29c95fcf9174b58eb7e1abf4c866893bc8
+        $(which spack) unit-test --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml "${common_args[@]}"
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70
       with:
         flags: unittests,macos
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -18,34 +18,33 @@ jobs:
   validate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984 # @v2
       with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
+        python-version: '3.10'
         cache: 'pip'
     - name: Install Python Packages
       run: |
-        pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-        pip install -r .github/workflows/style/requirements.txt
+        pip install --upgrade pip
+        pip install --upgrade vermin
     - name: vermin (Spack's Core)
-      run: vermin --backport importlib --backport argparse --violations --backport typing -t=3.6- -vvv lib/spack/spack/ lib/spack/llnl/ bin/
+      run: vermin --backport argparse --violations --backport typing -t=2.7- -t=3.6- -vvv lib/spack/spack/ lib/spack/llnl/ bin/
     - name: vermin (Repositories)
-      run: vermin --backport importlib --backport argparse --violations --backport typing -t=3.6- -vvv var/spack/repos
+      run: vermin --backport argparse --violations --backport typing -t=2.7- -t=3.6- -vvv var/spack/repos
   # Run style checks on the files that have been changed
   style:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8 # @v2
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984 # @v2
       with:
-        python-version: '3.11'
+        python-version: '3.10'
         cache: 'pip'
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-        pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
-        pip install -r .github/workflows/style/requirements.txt
+        python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip six setuptools types-six click==8.0.2 'black==21.12b0' mypy isort clingo flake8
     - name: Setup git configuration
       run: |
         # Need this for the git tests to succeed.
@@ -56,34 +55,6 @@ jobs:
           share/spack/qa/run-style-tests
   audit:
     uses: ./.github/workflows/audit.yaml
-    secrets: inherit
     with:
       with_coverage: ${{ inputs.with_coverage }}
-      python_version: '3.11'
-  # Check that spack can bootstrap the development environment on Python 3.6 - RHEL8
-  bootstrap-dev-rhel8:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi
-    steps:
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          dnf install -y \
-              bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
-              make patch tcl unzip which xz
-      - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
-      - name: Setup repo and non-root user
-        run: |
-          git --version
-          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
-          git fetch --unshallow
-          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
-          useradd spack-test
-          chown -R spack-test .
-      - name: Bootstrap Spack development environment
-        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
-        run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack debug report
-          spack -d bootstrap now --dev
-          spack style -t black
-          spack unit-test -V
+      python_version: '3.10'

.github/workflows/windows_python.yml

@@ -10,74 +10,149 @@ concurrency:
 defaults:
   run:
     shell:
-     powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
+     powershell Invoke-Expression -Command ".\share\spack\qa\windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
 jobs:
   unit-tests:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984
       with:
         python-version: 3.9
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools pytest-cov clingo
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools codecov pytest-cov clingo
     - name: Create local develop
       run: |
-        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
+        .\spack\.github\workflows\setup_git.ps1
     - name: Unit Test
       run: |
+        echo F|xcopy .\spack\share\spack\qa\configuration\windows_config.yaml $env:USERPROFILE\.spack\windows\config.yaml
+        cd spack
+        dir
         spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --ignore=lib/spack/spack/test/cmd
-        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
         coverage combine -a
         coverage xml
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@c16abc29c95fcf9174b58eb7e1abf4c866893bc8
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70
       with:
         flags: unittests,windows
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
   unit-tests-cmd:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984
       with:
         python-version: 3.9
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools coverage pytest-cov clingo
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools codecov coverage pytest-cov clingo
     - name: Create local develop
       run: |
-        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
+        .\spack\.github\workflows\setup_git.ps1
     - name: Command Unit Test
       run: |
+        echo F|xcopy .\spack\share\spack\qa\configuration\windows_config.yaml $env:USERPROFILE\.spack\windows\config.yaml
+        cd spack
         spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml lib/spack/spack/test/cmd
-        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
         coverage combine -a
         coverage xml
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@c16abc29c95fcf9174b58eb7e1abf4c866893bc8
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70
       with:
         flags: unittests,windows
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true
   build-abseil:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984
       with:
         python-version: 3.9
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools coverage
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools codecov coverage
     - name: Build Test
       run: |
         spack compiler find
-        spack -d external find cmake ninja
+        echo F|xcopy .\spack\share\spack\qa\configuration\windows_config.yaml $env:USERPROFILE\.spack\windows\config.yaml
+        spack external find cmake
+        spack external find ninja
         spack -d install abseil-cpp
+  make-installer:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Disable Windows Symlinks
+      run: |
+        git config --global core.symlinks false
+      shell:
+        powershell
+    - uses: actions/checkout@93ea575cb5d8a053eaa0ac8fa3b40d7e05a33cc8
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools
+    - name: Add Light and Candle to Path
+      run: |
+        $env:WIX >> $GITHUB_PATH
+    - name: Run Installer
+      run: |
+        .\spack\share\spack\qa\setup_spack.ps1
+        spack make-installer -s spack -g SILENT pkg
+        echo "installer_root=$((pwd).Path)" | Out-File -FilePath $Env:GITHUB_ENV -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      env:
+        ProgressPreference: SilentlyContinue
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@3cea5372237819ed00197afe530f5a7ea3e805c8
+      with:
+        name: Windows Spack Installer Bundle
+        path: ${{ env.installer_root }}\pkg\Spack.exe
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@3cea5372237819ed00197afe530f5a7ea3e805c8
+      with:
+        name: Windows Spack Installer
+        path: ${{ env.installer_root}}\pkg\Spack.msi
+  execute-installer:
+    needs: make-installer
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: pwsh
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@13ae5bb136fac2878aff31522b9efb785519f984
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip six pywin32 setuptools
+    - name: Setup installer directory
+      run: |
+        mkdir -p spack_installer
+        echo "spack_installer=$((pwd).Path)\spack_installer" | Out-File -FilePath $Env:GITHUB_ENV -Encoding utf8 -Append
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      with:
+        name: Windows Spack Installer Bundle
+        path: ${{ env.spack_installer }}
+    - name: Execute Bundled Installer
+      run: |
+        $proc = Start-Process  ${{ env.spack_installer }}\spack.exe "/install /quiet" -Passthru
+        $handle = $proc.Handle # cache proc.Handle
+        $proc.WaitForExit();
+        $LASTEXITCODE
+      env:
+        ProgressPreference: SilentlyContinue
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      with:
+        name: Windows Spack Installer
+        path: ${{ env.spack_installer }}
+    - name: Execute MSI
+      run: |
+        $proc = Start-Process  ${{ env.spack_installer }}\spack.msi "/quiet" -Passthru
+        $handle = $proc.Handle # cache proc.Handle
+        $proc.WaitForExit();
+        $LASTEXITCODE

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
 version: 2
 
-build:
-  os: "ubuntu-22.04"
-  apt_packages:
-    - graphviz
-  tools:
-    python: "3.11"
-
 sphinx:
   configuration: lib/spack/docs/conf.py
   fail_on_warning: true
 
 python:
+  version: 3.7
   install:
     - requirements: lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,862 +1,16 @@
-# v0.21.0 (2023-11-11)
-
-`v0.21.0` is a major feature release.
-
-## Features in this release
-
-1. **Better error messages with condition chaining**
-
-   In v0.18, we added better error messages that could tell you what problem happened,
-   but they couldn't tell you *why* it happened. `0.21` adds *condition chaining* to the
-   solver, and Spack can now trace back through the conditions that led to an error and
-   build a tree of causes potential causes and where they came from. For example:
-
-   ```console
-   $ spack solve hdf5 ^cmake@3.0.1
-   ==> Error: concretization failed for the following reasons:
-
-      1. Cannot satisfy 'cmake@3.0.1'
-      2. Cannot satisfy 'cmake@3.0.1'
-           required because hdf5 ^cmake@3.0.1 requested from CLI
-      3. Cannot satisfy 'cmake@3.18:' and 'cmake@3.0.1
-           required because hdf5 ^cmake@3.0.1 requested from CLI
-           required because hdf5 depends on cmake@3.18: when @1.13:
-             required because hdf5 ^cmake@3.0.1 requested from CLI
-      4. Cannot satisfy 'cmake@3.12:' and 'cmake@3.0.1
-           required because hdf5 depends on cmake@3.12:
-             required because hdf5 ^cmake@3.0.1 requested from CLI
-           required because hdf5 ^cmake@3.0.1 requested from CLI
-   ```
-
-   More details in #40173.
-
-2. **OCI build caches**
-
-   You can now use an arbitrary [OCI](https://opencontainers.org) registry as a build
-   cache:
-
-   ```console
-   $ spack mirror add my_registry oci://user/image # Dockerhub
-   $ spack mirror add my_registry oci://ghcr.io/haampie/spack-test # GHCR
-   $ spack mirror set --push --oci-username ... --oci-password ... my_registry  # set login creds
-   $ spack buildcache push my_registry [specs...]
-   ```
-
-   And you can optionally add a base image to get *runnable* images:
-
-   ```console
-   $ spack buildcache push --base-image ubuntu:23.04 my_registry python
-   Pushed ... as [image]:python-3.11.2-65txfcpqbmpawclvtasuog4yzmxwaoia.spack
-
-   $ docker run --rm -it [image]:python-3.11.2-65txfcpqbmpawclvtasuog4yzmxwaoia.spack
-   ```
-
-   This creates a container image from the Spack installations on the host system,
-   without the need to run `spack install` from a `Dockerfile` or `sif` file. It also
-   addresses the inconvenience of losing binaries of dependencies when `RUN spack
-   install` fails inside `docker build`.
-
-   Further, the container image layers and build cache tarballs are the same files. This
-   means that `spack install` and `docker pull` use the exact same underlying binaries.
-   If you previously used `spack install` inside of `docker build`, this feature helps
-   you save storage by a factor two.
-
-   More details in #38358.
-
-3. **Multiple versions of build dependencies**
-
-   Increasingly, complex package builds require multiple versions of some build
-   dependencies. For example, Python packages frequently require very specific versions
-   of `setuptools`, `cython`, and sometimes different physics packages require different
-   versions of Python to build. The concretizer enforced that every solve was *unified*,
-   i.e., that there only be one version of every package. The concretizer now supports
-   "duplicate" nodes for *build dependencies*, but enforces unification through
-   transitive link and run dependencies. This will allow it to better resolve complex
-   dependency graphs in ecosystems like Python, and it also gets us very close to
-   modeling compilers as proper dependencies.
-
-   This change required a major overhaul of the concretizer, as well as a number of
-   performance optimizations. See #38447, #39621.
-
-4. **Cherry-picking virtual dependencies**
-
-   You can now select only a subset of virtual dependencies from a spec that may provide
-   more. For example, if you want `mpich` to be your `mpi` provider, you can be explicit
-   by writing:
-
-   ```
-   hdf5 ^[virtuals=mpi] mpich
-   ```
-
-   Or, if you want to use, e.g., `intel-parallel-studio` for `blas` along with an external
-   `lapack` like `openblas`, you could write:
-
-   ```
-   strumpack ^[virtuals=mpi] intel-parallel-studio+mkl ^[virtuals=lapack] openblas
-   ```
-
-   The `virtuals=mpi` is an edge attribute, and dependency edges in Spack graphs now
-   track which virtuals they satisfied. More details in #17229 and #35322.
-
-   Note for packaging: in Spack 0.21 `spec.satisfies("^virtual")` is true if and only if
-   the package specifies `depends_on("virtual")`. This is different from Spack 0.20,
-   where depending on a provider implied depending on the virtual provided. See #41002
-   for an example where `^mkl` was being used to test for several `mkl` providers in a
-   package that did not depend on `mkl`.
-
-5. **License directive**
-
-   Spack packages can now have license metadata, with the new `license()` directive:
-
-   ```python
-       license("Apache-2.0")
-   ```
-
-   Licenses use [SPDX identifiers](https://spdx.org/licenses), and you can use SPDX
-   expressions to combine them:
-
-   ```python
-       license("Apache-2.0 OR MIT")
-   ```
-
-   Like other directives in Spack, it's conditional, so you can handle complex cases like
-   Spack itself:
-
-   ```python
-      license("LGPL-2.1", when="@:0.11")
-      license("Apache-2.0 OR MIT", when="@0.12:")
-   ```
-
-   More details in #39346, #40598.
-
-6. **`spack deconcretize` command**
-
-   We are getting close to having a `spack update` command for environments, but we're
-   not quite there yet. This is the next best thing. `spack deconcretize` gives you
-   control over what you want to update in an already concrete environment. If you have
-   an environment built with, say, `meson`, and you want to update your `meson` version,
-   you can run:
-
-   ```console
-   spack deconcretize meson
-   ```
-
-   and have everything that depends on `meson` rebuilt the next time you run `spack
-   concretize`. In a future Spack version, we'll handle all of this in a single command,
-   but for now you can use this to drop bits of your lockfile and resolve your
-   dependencies again. More in #38803.
-
-7. **UI Improvements**
-
-   The venerable `spack info` command was looking shabby compared to the rest of Spack's
-   UI, so we reworked it to have a bit more flair. `spack info` now makes much better
-   use of terminal space and shows variants, their values, and their descriptions much
-   more clearly. Conditional variants are grouped separately so you can more easily
-   understand how packages are structured. More in #40998.
-
-   `spack checksum` now allows you to filter versions from your editor, or by version
-   range. It also notifies you about potential download URL changes. See #40403.
-
-8. **Environments can include definitions**
-
-   Spack did not previously support using `include:` with The
-   [definitions](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/environments.html#spec-list-references)
-   section of an environment, but now it does. You can use this to curate lists of specs
-   and more easily reuse them across environments. See #33960.
-
-9. **Aliases**
-
-   You can now add aliases to Spack commands in `config.yaml`, e.g. this might enshrine
-   your favorite args to `spack find` as `spack f`:
-
-   ```yaml
-   config:
-     aliases:
-       f: find -lv
-   ```
-
-   See #17229.
-
-10. **Improved autoloading of modules**
-
-    Spack 0.20 was the first release to enable autoloading of direct dependencies in
-    module files.
-
-    The downside of this was that `module avail` and `module load` tab completion would
-    show users too many modules to choose from, and many users disabled generating
-    modules for dependencies through `exclude_implicits: true`. Further, it was
-    necessary to keep hashes in module names to avoid file name clashes.
-
-    In this release, you can start using `hide_implicits: true` instead, which exposes
-    only explicitly installed packages to the user, while still autoloading
-    dependencies. On top of that, you can safely use `hash_length: 0`, as this config
-    now only applies to the modules exposed to the user -- you don't have to worry about
-    file name clashes for hidden dependencies.
-
-   Note: for `tcl` this feature requires Modules 4.7 or higher
-
-11. **Updated container labeling**
-
-    Nightly Docker images from the `develop` branch will now be tagged as `:develop` and
-    `:nightly`. The `:latest` tag is no longer associated with `:develop`, but with the
-    latest stable release. Releases will be tagged with `:{major}`, `:{major}.{minor}`
-    and `:{major}.{minor}.{patch}`. `ubuntu:18.04` has also been removed from the list of
-    generated Docker images, as it is no longer supported. See #40593.
-
-## Other new commands and directives
-
-* `spack env activate` without arguments now loads a `default` environment that you do
-  not have to create (#40756).
-* `spack find -H` / `--hashes`: a new shortcut for piping `spack find` output to
-  other commands (#38663)
-* Add `spack checksum --verify`, fix `--add` (#38458)
-* New `default_args` context manager factors out common args for directives (#39964)
-* `spack compiler find --[no]-mixed-toolchain` lets you easily mix `clang` and
-  `gfortran` on Linux (#40902)
-
-## Performance improvements
-
-* `spack external find` execution is now much faster (#39843)
-* `spack location -i` now much faster on success (#40898)
-* Drop redundant rpaths post install (#38976)
-* ASP-based solver: avoid cycles in clingo using hidden directive (#40720)
-* Fix multiple quadratic complexity issues in environments (#38771)
-
-## Other new features of note
-
-* archspec: update to v0.2.2, support for Sapphire Rapids, Power10, Neoverse V2 (#40917)
-* Propagate variants across nodes that don't have that variant (#38512)
-* Implement fish completion (#29549)
-* Can now distinguish between source/binary mirror; don't ping mirror.spack.io as much (#34523)
-* Improve status reporting on install (add [n/total] display) (#37903)
-
-## Windows
-
-This release has the best Windows support of any Spack release yet, with numerous
-improvements and much larger swaths of tests passing:
-
-* MSVC and SDK improvements (#37711, #37930, #38500, #39823, #39180)
-* Windows external finding: update default paths; treat .bat as executable on Windows (#39850)
-* Windows decompression: fix removal of intermediate file (#38958)
-* Windows: executable/path handling (#37762)
-* Windows build systems: use ninja and enable tests (#33589)
-* Windows testing (#36970, #36972, #36973, #36840, #36977, #36792, #36834, #34696, #36971)
-* Windows PowerShell support (#39118, #37951)
-* Windows symlinking and libraries (#39933, #38599, #34701, #38578, #34701)
-
-## Notable refactors
-* User-specified flags take precedence over others in Spack compiler wrappers (#37376)
-* Improve setup of build, run, and test environments (#35737, #40916)
-* `make` is no longer a required system dependency of Spack (#40380)
-* Support Python 3.12 (#40404, #40155, #40153)
-* docs: Replace package list with packages.spack.io (#40251)
-* Drop Python 2 constructs in Spack (#38720, #38718, #38703)
-
-## Binary cache and stack updates
-* e4s arm stack: duplicate and target neoverse v1 (#40369)
-* Add macOS ML CI stacks (#36586)
-* E4S Cray CI Stack (#37837)
-* e4s cray: expand spec list (#38947)
-* e4s cray sles ci: expand spec list (#39081)
-
-## Removals, deprecations, and syntax changes
-* ASP: targets, compilers and providers soft-preferences are only global (#31261)
-* Parser: fix ambiguity with whitespace in version ranges (#40344)
-* Module file generation is disabled by default; you'll need to enable it to use it (#37258)
-* Remove deprecated "extra_instructions" option for containers (#40365)
-* Stand-alone test feature deprecation postponed to v0.22 (#40600)
-* buildcache push: make `--allow-root` the default and deprecate the option (#38878)
-
-## Notable Bugfixes
-* Bugfix: propagation of multivalued variants (#39833)
-* Allow `/` in git versions (#39398)
-* Fetch & patch: actually acquire stage lock, and many more issues (#38903)
-* Environment/depfile: better escaping of targets with Git versions (#37560)
-* Prevent "spack external find" to error out on wrong permissions (#38755)
-* lmod: allow core compiler to be specified with a version range (#37789)
-
-## Spack community stats
-
-* 7,469 total packages, 303 new since `v0.20.0`
-    * 150 new Python packages
-    * 34 new R packages
-* 353 people contributed to this release
-    * 336 committers to packages
-    * 65 committers to core
-
-
-# v0.20.3 (2023-10-31)
-
-## Bugfixes
-
-- Fix a bug where `spack mirror set-url` would drop configured connection info (reverts #34210)
-- Fix a minor issue with package hash computation for Python 3.12 (#40328)
-
-
-# v0.20.2 (2023-10-03)
-
-## Features in this release
-
-Spack now supports Python 3.12 (#40155)
-
-## Bugfixes
-
-- Improve escaping in Tcl module files (#38375)
-- Make repo cache work on repositories with zero mtime (#39214)
-- Ignore errors for newer, incompatible buildcache version (#40279)
-- Print an error when git is required, but missing (#40254)
-- Ensure missing build dependencies get installed when using `spack install --overwrite` (#40252)
-- Fix an issue where Spack freezes when the build process unexpectedly exits (#39015)
-- Fix a bug where installation failures cause an unrelated `NameError` to be thrown (#39017)
-- Fix an issue where Spack package versions would be incorrectly derived from git tags (#39414)
-- Fix a bug triggered when file locking fails internally (#39188)
-- Prevent "spack external find" to error out when a directory cannot be accessed (#38755)
-- Fix multiple performance regressions in environments (#38771)
-- Add more ignored modules to `pyproject.toml` for `mypy` (#38769)
-
-
-# v0.20.1 (2023-07-10)
-
-## Spack Bugfixes
-
-- Spec removed from an environment where not actually removed if `--force` was not given (#37877)
-- Speed-up module file generation (#37739)
-- Hotfix for a few recipes that treat CMake as a link dependency (#35816)
-- Fix re-running stand-alone test a second time, which was getting a trailing spurious failure (#37840)
-- Fixed reading JSON manifest on Cray, reporting non-concrete specs (#37909)
-- Fixed a few bugs when generating Dockerfiles from Spack (#37766,#37769)
-- Fixed a few long-standing bugs when generating module files (#36678,#38347,#38465,#38455)
-- Fixed issues with building Python extensions using an external Python (#38186)
-- Fixed compiler removal from command line (#38057)
-- Show external status as [e] (#33792)
-- Backported `archspec` fixes (#37793)
-- Improved a few error messages (#37791)
-
-
-# v0.20.0 (2023-05-21)
-
-`v0.20.0` is a major feature release.
-
-## Features in this release
-
-1. **`requires()` directive and enhanced package requirements**
-
-   We've added some more enhancements to requirements in Spack (#36286).
-
-   There is a new `requires()` directive for packages. `requires()` is the opposite of
-   `conflicts()`. You can use it to impose constraints on this package when certain
-   conditions are met:
-
-   ```python
-   requires(
-       "%apple-clang",
-       when="platform=darwin",
-       msg="This package builds only with clang on macOS"
-   )
-   ```
-
-   More on this in [the docs](
-     https://spack.rtfd.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#conflicts-and-requirements).
-
-   You can also now add a `when:` clause to `requires:` in your `packages.yaml`
-   configuration or in an environment:
-
-   ```yaml
-   packages:
-     openmpi:
-       require:
-       - any_of: ["%gcc"]
-         when: "@:4.1.4"
-         message: "Only OpenMPI 4.1.5 and up can build with fancy compilers"
-   ```
-
-   More details can be found [here](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/build_settings.html#package-requirements)
-
-2. **Exact versions**
-
-   Spack did not previously have a way to distinguish a version if it was a prefix of
-   some other version. For example, `@3.2` would match `3.2`, `3.2.1`, `3.2.2`, etc. You
-   can now match *exactly* `3.2` with `@=3.2`. This is useful, for example, if you need
-   to patch *only* the `3.2` version of a package. The new syntax is described in [the docs](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/basic_usage.html#version-specifier).
-
-   Generally, when writing packages, you should prefer to use ranges like `@3.2` over
-   the specific versions, as this allows the concretizer more leeway when selecting
-   versions of dependencies. More details and recommendations are in the [packaging guide](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#ranges-versus-specific-versions).
-
-   See #36273 for full details on the version refactor.
-
-3. **New testing interface**
-
-   Writing package tests is now much simpler with a new [test interface](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#stand-alone-tests).
-
-   Writing a test is now as easy as adding a method that starts with `test_`:
-
-   ```python
-   class MyPackage(Package):
-       ...
-
-       def test_always_fails(self):
-           """use assert to always fail"""
-           assert False
-
-       def test_example(self):
-           """run installed example"""
-           example = which(self.prefix.bin.example)
-           example()
-    ```
-
-    You can use Python's native `assert` statement to implement your checks -- no more
-    need to fiddle with `run_test` or other test framework methods. Spack will
-    introspect the class and run `test_*` methods when you run `spack test`,
-
-4. **More stable concretization**
-
-   * Now, `spack concretize` will *only* concretize the new portions of the environment
-     and will not change existing parts of an environment unless you specify `--force`.
-     This has always been true for `unify:false`, but not for `unify:true` and
-     `unify:when_possible` environments. Now it is true for all of them (#37438, #37681).
-
-   * The concretizer has a new `--reuse-deps` argument that *only* reuses dependencies.
-     That is, it will always treat the *roots* of your environment as it would with
-     `--fresh`. This allows you to upgrade just the roots of your environment while
-     keeping everything else stable (#30990).
-
-5. **Weekly develop snapshot releases**
-
-   Since last year, we have maintained a buildcache of `develop` at
-   https://binaries.spack.io/develop, but the cache can grow to contain so many builds
-   as to be unwieldy. When we get a stable `develop` build, we snapshot the release and
-   add a corresponding tag the Spack repository. So, you can use a stack from a specific
-   day. There are now tags in the spack repository like:
-
-   * `develop-2023-05-14`
-   * `develop-2023-05-18`
-
-   that correspond to build caches like:
-
-   * https://binaries.spack.io/develop-2023-05-14/e4s
-   * https://binaries.spack.io/develop-2023-05-18/e4s
-
-   We plan to store these snapshot releases weekly.
-
-6. **Specs in buildcaches can be referenced by hash.**
-
-   * Previously, you could run `spack buildcache list` and see the hashes in
-     buildcaches, but referring to them by hash would fail.
-   * You can now run commands like `spack spec` and `spack install` and refer to
-     buildcache hashes directly, e.g. `spack install /abc123` (#35042)
-
-7. **New package and buildcache index websites**
-
-   Our public websites for searching packages have been completely revamped and updated.
-   You can check them out here:
-
-   * *Package Index*: https://packages.spack.io
-   * *Buildcache Index*: https://cache.spack.io
-
-   Both are searchable and more interactive than before. Currently major releases are
-   shown; UI for browsing `develop` snapshots is coming soon.
-
-8. **Default CMake and Meson build types are now Release**
-
-   Spack has historically defaulted to building with optimization and debugging, but
-   packages like `llvm` can be enormous with debug turned on. Our default build type for
-   all Spack packages is now `Release` (#36679, #37436). This has a number of benefits:
-
-   * much smaller binaries;
-   * higher default optimization level; and
-   * defining `NDEBUG` disables assertions, which may lead to further speedups.
-
-   You can still get the old behavior back through requirements and package preferences.
-
-## Other new commands and directives
-
-* `spack checksum` can automatically add new versions to package (#24532)
-* new command: `spack pkg grep` to easily search package files (#34388)
-* New `maintainers` directive (#35083)
-* Add `spack buildcache push` (alias to `buildcache create`) (#34861)
-* Allow using `-j` to control the parallelism of concretization (#37608)
-* Add `--exclude` option to 'spack external find' (#35013)
-
-## Other new features of note
-
-* editing: add higher-precedence `SPACK_EDITOR` environment variable
-* Many YAML formatting improvements from updating `ruamel.yaml` to the latest version
-  supporting Python 3.6. (#31091, #24885, #37008).
-* Requirements and preferences should not define (non-git) versions (#37687, #37747)
-* Environments now store spack version/commit in `spack.lock` (#32801)
-* User can specify the name of the `packages` subdirectory in repositories (#36643)
-* Add container images supporting RHEL alternatives (#36713)
-* make version(...) kwargs explicit (#36998)
-
-## Notable refactors
-
-* buildcache create: reproducible tarballs (#35623)
-* Bootstrap most of Spack dependencies using environments (#34029)
-* Split `satisfies(..., strict=True/False)` into two functions (#35681)
-* spack install: simplify behavior when inside environments (#35206)
-
-## Binary cache and stack updates
-
-* Major simplification of CI boilerplate in stacks (#34272, #36045)
-* Many improvements to our CI pipeline's reliability
-
-## Removals, Deprecations, and disablements
-* Module file generation is disabled by default; you'll need to enable it to use it (#37258)
-* Support for Python 2 was deprecated in `v0.19.0` and has been removed. `v0.20.0` only
-  supports Python 3.6 and higher.
-* Deprecated target names are no longer recognized by Spack. Use generic names instead:
-  * `graviton` is now `cortex_a72`
-  * `graviton2` is now `neoverse_n1`
-  * `graviton3` is now `neoverse_v1`
-* `blacklist` and `whitelist` in module configuration were deprecated in `v0.19.0` and are
-  removed in this release. Use `exclude` and `include` instead.
-* The `ignore=` parameter of the `extends()` directive has been removed. It was not used by
-  any builtin packages and is no longer needed to avoid conflicts in environment views (#35588).
-* Support for the old YAML buildcache format has been removed. It was deprecated in `v0.19.0` (#34347).
-* `spack find --bootstrap` has been removed. It was deprecated in `v0.19.0`. Use `spack
-  --bootstrap find` instead (#33964).
-* `spack bootstrap trust` and `spack bootstrap untrust` are now removed, having been
-  deprecated in `v0.19.0`. Use `spack bootstrap enable` and `spack bootstrap disable`.
-* The `--mirror-name`, `--mirror-url`, and `--directory` options to buildcache and
-  mirror commands were deprecated in `v0.19.0` and have now been removed. They have been
-  replaced by positional arguments (#37457).
-* Deprecate `env:` as top level environment key (#37424)
-* deprecate buildcache create --rel, buildcache install --allow-root (#37285)
-* Support for very old perl-like spec format strings (e.g., `$_$@$%@+$+$=`) has been
-  removed (#37425). This was deprecated in in `v0.15` (#10556).
-
-## Notable Bugfixes
-
-* bugfix: don't fetch package metadata for unknown concrete specs (#36990)
-* Improve package source code context display on error  (#37655)
-* Relax environment manifest filename requirements and lockfile identification criteria (#37413)
-* `installer.py`: drop build edges of installed packages by default (#36707)
-* Bugfix: package requirements with git commits (#35057, #36347)
-* Package requirements: allow single specs in requirement lists (#36258)
-* conditional variant values: allow boolean (#33939)
-* spack uninstall: follow run/link edges on --dependents (#34058)
-
-## Spack community stats
-
-* 7,179 total packages, 499 new since `v0.19.0`
-    * 329 new Python packages
-    * 31 new R packages
-* 336 people contributed to this release
-    * 317 committers to packages
-    * 62 committers to core
-
-
-# v0.19.1 (2023-02-07)
-
-### Spack Bugfixes
-
-* `buildcache create`: make "file exists" less verbose (#35019)
-* `spack mirror create`: don't change paths to urls (#34992)
-* Improve error message for requirements (#33988)
-* uninstall: fix accidental cubic complexity (#34005)
-* scons: fix signature for `install_args` (#34481)
-* Fix `combine_phase_logs` text encoding issues (#34657)
-* Use a module-like object to propagate changes in the MRO, when setting build env (#34059)
-* PackageBase should not define builder legacy attributes (#33942)
-* Forward lookup of the "run_tests" attribute (#34531)
-* Bugfix for timers (#33917, #33900)
-* Fix path handling in prefix inspections (#35318)
-* Fix libtool filter for Fujitsu compilers (#34916)
-* Bug fix for duplicate rpath errors on macOS when creating build caches (#34375)
-* FileCache: delete the new cache file on exception (#34623)
-* Propagate exceptions from Spack python console (#34547)
-* Tests: Fix a bug/typo in a `config_values.py` fixture (#33886)
-* Various CI fixes (#33953, #34560, #34560, #34828)
-* Docs: remove monitors and analyzers, typos (#34358, #33926)
-* bump release version for tutorial command (#33859)
-
-
-# v0.19.0 (2022-11-11)
-
-`v0.19.0` is a major feature release.
-
-## Major features in this release
-
-1. **Package requirements**
-
-   Spack's traditional [package preferences](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/build_settings.html#package-preferences)
-   are soft, but we've added hard requriements to `packages.yaml` and `spack.yaml`
-   (#32528, #32369). Package requirements use the same syntax as specs:
-
-   ```yaml
-   packages:
-     libfabric:
-       require: "@1.13.2"
-     mpich:
-       require:
-       - one_of: ["+cuda", "+rocm"]
-   ```
-
-   More details in [the docs](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/build_settings.html#package-requirements).
-
-2. **Environment UI Improvements**
-
-   * Fewer surprising modifications to `spack.yaml` (#33711):
-
-     * `spack install` in an environment will no longer add to the `specs:` list; you'll
-       need to either use `spack add <spec>` or `spack install --add <spec>`.
-
-     * Similarly, `spack uninstall` will not remove from your environment's `specs:`
-       list; you'll need to use `spack remove` or `spack uninstall --remove`.
-
-     This will make it easier to manage an environment, as there is clear separation
-     between the stack to be installed (`spack.yaml`/`spack.lock`) and which parts of
-     it should be installed (`spack install` / `spack uninstall`).
-
-   * `concretizer:unify:true` is now the default mode for new environments (#31787)
-
-     We see more users creating `unify:true` environments now. Users who need
-     `unify:false` can add it to their environment to get the old behavior. This will
-     concretize every spec in the environment independently.
-
-   * Include environment configuration from URLs (#29026, [docs](
-       https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/environments.html#included-configurations))
-
-     You can now include configuration in your environment directly from a URL:
-
-     ```yaml
-     spack:
-       include:
-       - https://github.com/path/to/raw/config/compilers.yaml
-     ```
-
-4. **Multiple Build Systems**
-
-   An increasing number of packages in the ecosystem need the ability to support
-   multiple build systems (#30738, [docs](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#multiple-build-systems)),
-   either across versions, across platforms, or within the same version of the software.
-   This has been hard to support through multiple inheritance, as methods from different
-   build system superclasses would conflict. `package.py` files can now define separate
-   builder classes with installation logic for different build systems, e.g.:
-
-   ```python
-   class ArpackNg(CMakePackage, AutotoolsPackage):
-
-       build_system(
-           conditional("cmake", when="@0.64:"),
-           conditional("autotools", when="@:0.63"),
-           default="cmake",
-       )
-
-   class CMakeBuilder(spack.build_systems.cmake.CMakeBuilder):
-       def cmake_args(self):
-           pass
-
-   class Autotoolsbuilder(spack.build_systems.autotools.AutotoolsBuilder):
-       def configure_args(self):
-           pass
-   ```
-
-5. **Compiler and variant propagation**
-
-   Currently, compiler flags and variants are inconsistent: compiler flags set for a
-   package are inherited by its dependencies, while variants are not. We should have
-   these be consistent by allowing for inheritance to be enabled or disabled for both
-   variants and compiler flags.
-
-   Example syntax:
-   - `package ++variant`:
-         enabled variant that will be propagated to dependencies
-   - `package +variant`:
-         enabled variant that will NOT be propagated to dependencies
-   - `package ~~variant`:
-         disabled variant that will be propagated to dependencies
-   - `package ~variant`:
-         disabled variant that will NOT be propagated to dependencies
-   - `package cflags==-g`:
-         `cflags` will be propagated to dependencies
-   - `package cflags=-g`:
-         `cflags` will NOT be propagated to dependencies
-
-   Syntax for non-boolan variants is similar to compiler flags. More in the docs for
-   [variants](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/basic_usage.html#variants) and [compiler flags](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/basic_usage.html#compiler-flags).
-
-6. **Enhancements to git version specifiers**
-
-   * `v0.18.0` added the ability to use git commits as versions. You can now use the
-     `git.` prefix to specify git tags or branches as versions. All of these are valid git
-     versions in `v0.19` (#31200):
-
-     ```console
-     foo@abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234      # raw commit
-     foo@git.abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234  # commit with git prefix
-     foo@git.develop                                   # the develop branch
-     foo@git.0.19                                      # use the 0.19 tag
-     ```
-
-   * `v0.19` also gives you more control over how Spack interprets git versions, in case
-     Spack cannot detect the version from the git repository. You can suffix a git
-     version with `=<version>` to force Spack to concretize it as a particular version
-     (#30998, #31914, #32257):
-
-     ```console
-     # use mybranch, but treat it as version 3.2 for version comparison
-     foo@git.mybranch=3.2
-
-     # use the given commit, but treat it as develop for version comparison
-     foo@git.abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234=develop
-     ```
-
-     More in [the docs](
-       https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/basic_usage.html#version-specifier)
-
-7. **Changes to Cray EX Support**
-
-   Cray machines have historically had their own "platform" within Spack, because we
-   needed to go through the module system to leverage compilers and MPI installations on
-   these machines. The Cray EX programming environment now provides standalone `craycc`
-   executables and proper `mpicc` wrappers, so Spack can treat EX machines like Linux
-   with extra packages (#29392).
-
-   We expect this to greatly reduce bugs, as external packages and compilers can now be
-   used by prefix instead of through modules. We will also no longer be subject to
-   reproducibility issues when modules change from Cray PE release to release and from
-   site to site. This also simplifies dealing with the underlying Linux OS on cray
-   systems, as Spack will properly model the machine's OS as either SuSE or RHEL.
-
-8. **Improvements to tests and testing in CI**
-
-   * `spack ci generate --tests` will generate a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file that not only does
-     builds but also runs tests for built packages (#27877). Public GitHub pipelines now
-     also run tests in CI.
-
-   * `spack test run --explicit` will only run tests for packages that are explicitly
-     installed, instead of all packages.
-
-9. **Experimental binding link model**
-
-   You can add a new option to `config.yaml` to make Spack embed absolute paths to
-   needed shared libraries in ELF executables and shared libraries on Linux (#31948, [docs](
-     https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/config_yaml.html#shared-linking-bind)):
-
-   ```yaml
-   config:
-     shared_linking:
-       type: rpath
-       bind: true
-   ```
-
-   This can improve launch time at scale for parallel applications, and it can make
-   installations less susceptible to environment variables like `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, even
-   especially when dealing with external libraries that use `RUNPATH`. You can think of
-   this as a faster, even higher-precedence version of `RPATH`.
-
-## Other new features of note
-
-* `spack spec` prints dependencies more legibly. Dependencies in the output now appear
-  at the *earliest* level of indentation possible (#33406)
-* You can override `package.py` attributes like `url`, directly in `packages.yaml`
-  (#33275, [docs](
-    https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/build_settings.html#assigning-package-attributes))
-* There are a number of new architecture-related format strings you can use in Spack
-  configuration files to specify paths (#29810, [docs](
-    https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#config-file-variables))
-* Spack now supports bootstrapping Clingo on Windows (#33400)
-* There is now support for an `RPATH`-like library model on Windows (#31930)
-
-## Performance Improvements
-
-* Major performance improvements for installation from binary caches (#27610, #33628,
-  #33636, #33608, #33590, #33496)
-* Test suite can now be parallelized using `xdist` (used in GitHub Actions) (#32361)
-* Reduce lock contention for parallel builds in environments (#31643)
-
-## New binary caches and stacks
-
-* We now build nearly all of E4S with `oneapi` in our buildcache (#31781, #31804,
-  #31804, #31803, #31840, #31991, #32117, #32107, #32239)
-* Added 3 new machine learning-centric stacks to binary cache: `x86_64_v3`, CUDA, ROCm
-  (#31592, #33463)
-
-## Removals and Deprecations
-
-* Support for Python 3.5 is dropped (#31908). Only Python 2.7 and 3.6+ are officially
-  supported.
-
-* This is the last Spack release that will support Python 2 (#32615). Spack `v0.19`
-  will emit a deprecation warning if you run it with Python 2, and Python 2 support will
-  soon be removed from the `develop` branch.
-
-* `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` is no longer set by default by `spack load` or module loads.
-
-  Setting `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` in Spack environments/modules can cause binaries from
-  outside of Spack to crash, and Spack's own builds use `RPATH` and do not need
-  `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` set in order to run. If you still want the old behavior, you
-  can run these commands to configure Spack to set `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`:
-
-  ```console
-  spack config add modules:prefix_inspections:lib64:[LD_LIBRARY_PATH]
-  spack config add modules:prefix_inspections:lib:[LD_LIBRARY_PATH]
-  ```
-
-* The `spack:concretization:[together|separately]` has been removed after being
-  deprecated in `v0.18`. Use `concretizer:unify:[true|false]`.
-* `config:module_roots` is no longer supported after being deprecated in `v0.18`. Use
-  configuration in module sets instead (#28659, [docs](
-    https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/module_file_support.html)).
-* `spack activate` and `spack deactivate` are no longer supported, having been
-  deprecated in `v0.18`. Use an environment with a view instead of
-  activating/deactivating ([docs](
-    https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/environments.html#configuration-in-spack-yaml)).
-* The old YAML format for buildcaches is now deprecated (#33707). If you are using an
-  old buildcache with YAML metadata you will need to regenerate it with JSON metadata.
-* `spack bootstrap trust` and `spack bootstrap untrust` are deprecated in favor of
-  `spack bootstrap enable` and `spack bootstrap disable` and will be removed in `v0.20`.
-  (#33600)
-* The `graviton2` architecture has been renamed to `neoverse_n1`, and `graviton3`
-  is now `neoverse_v1`. Buildcaches using the old architecture names will need to be rebuilt.
-* The terms `blacklist` and `whitelist` have been replaced with `include` and `exclude`
-  in all configuration files (#31569). You can use `spack config update` to
-  automatically fix your configuration files.
-
-## Notable Bugfixes
-
-* Permission setting on installation now handles effective uid properly (#19980)
-* `buildable:true` for an MPI implementation now overrides `buildable:false` for `mpi` (#18269)
-* Improved error messages when attempting to use an unconfigured compiler (#32084)
-* Do not punish explicitly requested compiler mismatches in the solver (#30074)
-* `spack stage`: add missing --fresh and --reuse (#31626)
-* Fixes for adding build system executables like `cmake` to package scope (#31739)
-* Bugfix for binary relocation with aliased strings produced by newer `binutils` (#32253)
-
-## Spack community stats
-
-* 6,751 total packages, 335 new since `v0.18.0`
-    * 141 new Python packages
-    * 89 new R packages
-* 303 people contributed to this release
-    * 287 committers to packages
-    * 57 committers to core
-
-
 # v0.18.1 (2022-07-19)
 
 ### Spack Bugfixes
 * Fix several bugs related to bootstrapping (#30834,#31042,#31180)
-* Fix a regression that was causing spec hashes to differ between
+* Fix a regression that was causing spec hashes to differ between 
   Python 2 and Python 3 (#31092)
 * Fixed compiler flags for oneAPI and DPC++ (#30856)
 * Fixed several issues related to concretization (#31142,#31153,#31170,#31226)
 * Improved support for Cray manifest file and `spack external find` (#31144,#31201,#31173,#31186)
 * Assign a version to openSUSE Tumbleweed according to the GLIBC version
-  in the system (#19895)
+  in the system (#19895) 
 * Improved Dockerfile generation for `spack containerize` (#29741,#31321)
-* Fixed a few bugs related to concurrent execution of commands (#31509,#31493,#31477)
+* Fixed a few bugs related to concurrent execution of commands (#31509,#31493,#31477)  
 
 ### Package updates
 * WarpX: add v22.06, fixed libs property (#30866,#31102)

CITATION.cff

@@ -27,57 +27,12 @@
 # And here's the CITATION.cff format:
 #
 cff-version: 1.2.0
-type: software
 message: "If you are referencing Spack in a publication, please cite the paper below."
-title: "The Spack Package Manager: Bringing Order to HPC Software Chaos"
-abstract: >-
-  Large HPC centers spend considerable time supporting software for thousands of users, but the
-  complexity of HPC software is quickly outpacing the capabilities of existing software management
-  tools. Scientific applications require specific versions of compilers, MPI, and other dependency
-  libraries, so using a single, standard software stack is infeasible. However, managing many
-  configurations is difficult because the configuration space is combinatorial in size. We
-  introduce Spack, a tool used at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to manage this complexity.
-  Spack provides a novel, re- cursive specification syntax to invoke parametric builds of packages
-  and dependencies. It allows any number of builds to coexist on the same system, and it ensures
-  that installed packages can find their dependencies, regardless of the environment. We show
-  through real-world use cases that Spack supports diverse and demanding applications, bringing
-  order to HPC software chaos.
 preferred-citation:
-  title: "The Spack Package Manager: Bringing Order to HPC Software Chaos"
   type: conference-paper
-  url: "https://tgamblin.github.io/pubs/spack-sc15.pdf"
+  doi: "10.1145/2807591.2807623"
+  url: "https://github.com/spack/spack"
   authors:
-    - family-names: "Gamblin"
-      given-names: "Todd"
-    - family-names: "LeGendre"
-      given-names: "Matthew"
-    - family-names: "Collette"
-      given-names: "Michael R."
-    - family-names: "Lee"
-      given-names: "Gregory L."
-    - family-names: "Moody"
-      given-names: "Adam"
-    - family-names: "de Supinski"
-      given-names: "Bronis R."
-    - family-names: "Futral"
-      given-names: "Scott"
-  conference:
-    name: "Supercomputing 2015 (SC’15)"
-    city: "Austin"
-    region: "Texas"
-    country: "US"
-    date-start: 2015-11-15
-    date-end: 2015-11-20
-  month: 11
-  year: 2015
-  identifiers:
-    - description: "The concept DOI of the work."
-      type: doi
-      value: 10.1145/2807591.2807623
-    - description: "The DOE Document Release Number of the work"
-      type: other
-      value: "LLNL-CONF-669890"
-authors:
   - family-names: "Gamblin"
     given-names: "Todd"
   - family-names: "LeGendre"
@@ -92,3 +47,12 @@ authors:
     given-names: "Bronis R."
   - family-names: "Futral"
     given-names: "Scott"
+  title: "The Spack Package Manager: Bringing Order to HPC Software Chaos"
+  conference:
+    name: "Supercomputing 2015 (SC’15)"
+    city: "Austin"
+    region: "Texas"
+    country: "USA"
+  month: November 15-20
+  year: 2015
+  notes: LLNL-CONF-669890

LICENSE-MIT

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2013-2024 LLNS, LLC and other Spack Project Developers.
+Copyright (c) 2013-2022 LLNS, LLC and other Spack Project Developers.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

README.md

@@ -1,34 +1,12 @@
-<div align="left">
+# <img src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/spack/spack/develop/share/spack/logo/spack-logo.svg" width="64" valign="middle" alt="Spack"/> Spack
 
-<h2>
-<picture>
-  <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://cdn.rawgit.com/spack/spack/develop/share/spack/logo/spack-logo-white-text.svg" width="250">
-  <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://cdn.rawgit.com/spack/spack/develop/share/spack/logo/spack-logo-text.svg" width="250">
-  <img alt="Spack" src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/spack/spack/develop/share/spack/logo/spack-logo-text.svg" width="250">
-</picture>
-
-<br>
-<br clear="all">
-
-<a href="https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/ci.yml"><img src="https://github.com/spack/spack/workflows/ci/badge.svg" alt="CI Status"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/bootstrapping.yml"><img src="https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/bootstrap.yml/badge.svg" alt="Bootstrap Status"></a>
-<a href="https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/build-containers.yml"><img src="https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/build-containers.yml/badge.svg" alt="Containers Status"></a>
-<a href="https://spack.readthedocs.io"><img src="https://readthedocs.org/projects/spack/badge/?version=latest" alt="Documentation Status"></a>
-<a href="https://codecov.io/gh/spack/spack"><img src="https://codecov.io/gh/spack/spack/branch/develop/graph/badge.svg" alt="Code coverage"/></a>
-<a href="https://slack.spack.io"><img src="https://slack.spack.io/badge.svg" alt="Slack"/></a>
-<a href="https://matrix.to/#/#spack-space:matrix.org"><img src="https://img.shields.io/matrix/spack-space%3Amatrix.org?label=matrix" alt="Matrix"/></a>
-
-</h2>
-
-**[Getting Started] &nbsp; • &nbsp; [Config] &nbsp; • &nbsp; [Community] &nbsp; • &nbsp; [Contributing] &nbsp; • &nbsp; [Packaging Guide]**
-
-[Getting Started]: https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting_started.html
-[Config]: https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html
-[Community]: #community
-[Contributing]: https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contribution_guide.html
-[Packaging Guide]: https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html
-
-</div>
+[![Unit Tests](https://github.com/spack/spack/workflows/linux%20tests/badge.svg)](https://github.com/spack/spack/actions)
+[![Bootstrapping](https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/bootstrap.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/bootstrap.yml)
+[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/spack/spack/branch/develop/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/spack/spack)
+[![Containers](https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/build-containers.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/spack/spack/actions/workflows/build-containers.yml)
+[![Read the Docs](https://readthedocs.org/projects/spack/badge/?version=latest)](https://spack.readthedocs.io)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)
+[![Slack](https://slack.spack.io/badge.svg)](https://slack.spack.io)
 
 Spack is a multi-platform package manager that builds and installs
 multiple versions and configurations of software. It works on Linux,
@@ -84,14 +62,10 @@ Resources:
 
 * **Slack workspace**: [spackpm.slack.com](https://spackpm.slack.com).
   To get an invitation, visit [slack.spack.io](https://slack.spack.io).
-* **Matrix space**: [#spack-space:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#spack-space:matrix.org):
-  [bridged](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-slack#matrix-appservice-slack) to Slack.
-* [**Github Discussions**](https://github.com/spack/spack/discussions):
-  for Q&A and discussions. Note the pinned discussions for announcements.
+* [**Github Discussions**](https://github.com/spack/spack/discussions): not just for discussions, also Q&A.
+* **Mailing list**: [groups.google.com/d/forum/spack](https://groups.google.com/d/forum/spack)
 * **Twitter**: [@spackpm](https://twitter.com/spackpm). Be sure to
   `@mention` us!
-* **Mailing list**: [groups.google.com/d/forum/spack](https://groups.google.com/d/forum/spack):
-  only for announcements. Please use other venues for discussions.
 
 Contributing
 ------------------------

SECURITY.md

@@ -2,26 +2,24 @@
 
 ## Supported Versions
 
-We provide security updates for `develop` and for the last two
-stable (`0.x`) release series of Spack. Security updates will be
-made available as patch (`0.x.1`, `0.x.2`, etc.) releases.
-
+We provide security updates for the following releases.
 For more on Spack's release structure, see
 [`README.md`](https://github.com/spack/spack#releases).
 
+
+| Version | Supported          |
+| ------- | ------------------ |
+| develop | :white_check_mark: |
+| 0.17.x  | :white_check_mark: |
+| 0.16.x  | :white_check_mark: |
+
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 
-You can report a vulnerability using GitHub's private reporting
-feature:
+To report a vulnerability or other security
+issue, email maintainers@spack.io.
 
-1. Go to [github.com/spack/spack/security](https://github.com/spack/spack/security).
-2. Click "Report a vulnerability" in the upper right corner of that page.
-3. Fill out the form and submit your draft security advisory.
-
-More details are available in
-[GitHub's docs](https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/security-advisories/guidance-on-reporting-and-writing/privately-reporting-a-security-vulnerability).
-
-You can expect to hear back about security issues within two days.
-If your security issue is accepted, we will do our best to release
-a fix within a week. If fixing the issue will take longer than
-this, we will discuss timeline options with you.
+You can expect to hear back within two days.
+If your security issue is accepted, we will do
+our best to release a fix within a week. If
+fixing the issue will take longer than this,
+we will discuss timeline options with you.

bin/haspywin.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Copyright 2013-2021 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ def getpywin():
     try:
         import win32con  # noqa: F401
     except ImportError:
-        print("pyWin32 not installed but is required...\nInstalling via pip:")
         subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "-q", "install", "--upgrade", "pip"])
         subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-m", "pip", "-q", "install", "pywin32"])
 

bin/sbang

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Copyright 2013-2021 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 # sbang project developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

bin/spack

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # -*- python -*-
 #
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -25,15 +25,19 @@ exit 1
 # Line above is a shell no-op, and ends a python multi-line comment.
 # The code above runs this file with our preferred python interpreter.
 
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import os
 import os.path
 import sys
 
-min_python3 = (3, 6)
+min_python3 = (3, 5)
 
-if sys.version_info[:2] < min_python3:
+if sys.version_info[:2] < (2, 7) or (
+    sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 0) and sys.version_info[:2] < min_python3
+):
     v_info = sys.version_info[:3]
-    msg = "Spack requires Python %d.%d or higher " % min_python3
+    msg = "Spack requires Python 2.7 or %d.%d or higher " % min_python3
     msg += "You are running spack with Python %d.%d.%d." % v_info
     sys.exit(msg)
 
@@ -45,8 +49,52 @@ spack_prefix = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(spack_file))
 spack_lib_path = os.path.join(spack_prefix, "lib", "spack")
 sys.path.insert(0, spack_lib_path)
 
-from spack_installable.main import main  # noqa: E402
+# Add external libs
+spack_external_libs = os.path.join(spack_lib_path, "external")
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] <= (2, 7):
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(spack_external_libs, "py2"))
+
+sys.path.insert(0, spack_external_libs)
+
+# Here we delete ruamel.yaml in case it has been already imported from site
+# (see #9206 for a broader description of the issue).
+#
+# Briefly: ruamel.yaml produces a .pth file when installed with pip that
+# makes the site installed package the preferred one, even though sys.path
+# is modified to point to another version of ruamel.yaml.
+if "ruamel.yaml" in sys.modules:
+    del sys.modules["ruamel.yaml"]
+
+if "ruamel" in sys.modules:
+    del sys.modules["ruamel"]
+
+# The following code is here to avoid failures when updating
+# the develop version, due to spurious argparse.pyc files remaining
+# in the libs/spack/external directory, see:
+# https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/25376
+# TODO: Remove in v0.18.0 or later
+try:
+    import argparse
+except ImportError:
+    argparse_pyc = os.path.join(spack_external_libs, "argparse.pyc")
+    if not os.path.exists(argparse_pyc):
+        raise
+    try:
+        os.remove(argparse_pyc)
+        import argparse  # noqa: F401
+    except Exception:
+        msg = (
+            "The file\n\n\t{0}\n\nis corrupted and cannot be deleted by Spack. "
+            "Either delete it manually or ask some administrator to "
+            "delete it for you."
+        )
+        print(msg.format(argparse_pyc))
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+import spack.main  # noqa: E402
 
 # Once we've set up the system path, run the spack main method
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    sys.exit(main())
+    sys.exit(spack.main.main())

bin/spack-python

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

bin/spack-tmpconfig

@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ config:
     root: $TMP_DIR/install
   misc_cache: $$user_cache_path/cache
   source_cache: $$user_cache_path/source
-  environments_root: $TMP_DIR/envs
 EOF
 cat >"$SPACK_USER_CONFIG_PATH/bootstrap.yaml" <<EOF
 bootstrap:

bin/spack.bat

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-:: Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+:: Copyright 2013-2021 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 :: Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 ::
 :: SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 ::
 @echo off
 
-set spack="%SPACK_ROOT%"\bin\spack
+set spack=%SPACK_ROOT%\bin\spack
 
 ::#######################################################################
 :: This is a wrapper around the spack command that forwards calls to
@@ -50,48 +50,25 @@ setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
 :: flags will always start with '-', e.g. --help or -V
 :: subcommands will never start with '-'
 :: everything after the subcommand is an arg
-
-
-:process_cl_args
-rem Set first cl argument (denoted by %1) to be processed
-set t=%1
-rem shift moves all cl positional arguments left by one
-rem meaning %2 is now %1, this allows us to iterate over each
-rem argument
-shift
-rem assign next "first" cl argument to cl_args, will be null when
-rem there are now further arguments to process
-set cl_args=%1
-if "!t:~0,1!" == "-" (
-    if defined _sp_subcommand (
-        rem  We already have a subcommand, processing args now
-        if not defined _sp_args (
-            set "_sp_args=!t!"
-        ) else (
+for %%x in (%*) do (
+    set t="%%~x"
+    if "!t:~0,1!" == "-" (
+        if defined _sp_subcommand (
+            :: We already have a subcommand, processing args now
             set "_sp_args=!_sp_args! !t!"
-        )
-    ) else (
-        if not defined _sp_flags (
-            set "_sp_flags=!t!"
         ) else (
             set "_sp_flags=!_sp_flags! !t!"
+            shift
         )
-    )
-) else if not defined _sp_subcommand (
-    set "_sp_subcommand=!t!"
-) else (
-    if not defined _sp_args (
-        set "_sp_args=!t!"
+    ) else if not defined _sp_subcommand (
+        set "_sp_subcommand=!t!"
+        shift
     ) else (
         set "_sp_args=!_sp_args! !t!"
+        shift
     )
 )
 
-rem  if this is not nu;ll, we have more tokens to process
-rem  start above process again with remaining unprocessed cl args
-if defined cl_args goto :process_cl_args
-
-
 :: --help, -h and -V flags don't require further output parsing.
 :: If we encounter, execute and exit
 if defined _sp_flags (
@@ -106,24 +83,24 @@ if defined _sp_flags (
         exit /B 0
     )
 )
-if not defined _sp_subcommand (
-   if not defined _sp_args (
-      if not defined _sp_flags (
-         python "%spack%" --help
-         exit /B 0
-      )
-   )
-)
-
-
 :: pass parsed variables outside of local scope. Need to do
 :: this because delayedexpansion can only be set by setlocal
-endlocal & (
-    set "_sp_flags=%_sp_flags%"
-    set "_sp_args=%_sp_args%"
-    set "_sp_subcommand=%_sp_subcommand%"
-)
-
+echo %_sp_flags%>flags
+echo %_sp_args%>args
+echo %_sp_subcommand%>subcmd
+endlocal
+set /p _sp_subcommand=<subcmd
+set /p _sp_flags=<flags
+set /p _sp_args=<args
+set str_subcommand=%_sp_subcommand:"='%
+set str_flags=%_sp_flags:"='%
+set str_args=%_sp_args:"='%
+if "%str_subcommand%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_subcommand=")
+if "%str_flags%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_flags=")
+if "%str_args%"=="ECHO is off." (set "_sp_args=")
+del subcmd
+del flags
+del args
 
 :: Filter out some commands. For any others, just run the command.
 if "%_sp_subcommand%" == "cd" (
@@ -166,9 +143,7 @@ goto :end_switch
 :: If no args or args contain --bat or -h/--help: just execute.
 if NOT defined _sp_args (
     goto :default_case
-)
-
-if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:--help=%" (
+)else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:--help=%" (
     goto :default_case
 ) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args: -h=%" (
     goto :default_case
@@ -176,11 +151,11 @@ if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:--help=%" (
     goto :default_case
 ) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:deactivate=%" (
     for /f "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%I in (
-        `call python %spack% %_sp_flags% env deactivate --bat %_sp_args:deactivate=%`
+        `call python "%spack%" %_sp_flags% env deactivate --bat %_sp_args:deactivate=%`
     ) do %%I
 ) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:activate=%" (
     for /f "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%I in (
-        `python %spack% %_sp_flags% env activate --bat %_sp_args:activate=%`
+        `call python "%spack%" %_sp_flags% env activate --bat %_sp_args:activate=%`
     ) do %%I
 ) else (
     goto :default_case
@@ -192,7 +167,7 @@ goto :end_switch
 if defined _sp_args (
     if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:--help=%" (
         goto :default_case
-    ) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:-h=%" (
+    ) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args: -h=%" (
         goto :default_case
     ) else if NOT "%_sp_args%"=="%_sp_args:--bat=%" (
         goto :default_case
@@ -201,7 +176,7 @@ if defined _sp_args (
 
 for /f "tokens=* USEBACKQ" %%I in (
     `python "%spack%" %_sp_flags% %_sp_subcommand% --bat %_sp_args%`) do %%I
-
+)
 goto :end_switch
 
 :case_unload
@@ -239,10 +214,10 @@ for %%Z in ("%_pa_new_path%") do if EXIST %%~sZ\NUL (
 exit /b 0
 
 :: set module system roots
-:_sp_multi_pathadd
+:_sp_multi_pathadd 
 for %%I in (%~2) do (
     for %%Z in (%_sp_compatible_sys_types%) do (
         :pathadd "%~1" "%%I\%%Z"
     )
 )
-exit /B %ERRORLEVEL%
+exit /B %ERRORLEVEL%

bin/spack.ps1

@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-#  Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-#  Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-
-#  SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-# #######################################################################
-
-function Compare-CommonArgs {
-    $CMDArgs = $args[0]
-    # These aruments take precedence and call for no futher parsing of arguments
-    # invoke actual Spack entrypoint with that context and exit after
-    "--help", "-h", "--version", "-V" | ForEach-Object {
-        $arg_opt = $_
-        if(($CMDArgs) -and ([bool]($CMDArgs.Where({$_ -eq $arg_opt})))) {
-            return $true
-        }
-    }
-    return $false
-}
-
-function Read-SpackArgs {
-    $SpackCMD_params = @()
-    $SpackSubCommand = $NULL
-    $SpackSubCommandArgs = @()
-    $args_ = $args[0]
-    $args_ | ForEach-Object {
-        if (!$SpackSubCommand) {
-            if($_.SubString(0,1) -eq "-")
-            {
-                $SpackCMD_params += $_
-            }
-            else{
-                $SpackSubCommand = $_
-            }
-        }
-        else{
-            $SpackSubCommandArgs += $_
-        }
-    }
-    return $SpackCMD_params, $SpackSubCommand, $SpackSubCommandArgs
-}
-
-function Set-SpackEnv {
-    # This method is responsible
-    # for processing the return from $(spack <command>)
-    # which are returned as System.Object[]'s containing
-    # a list of env commands
-    # Invoke-Expression can only handle one command at a time
-    # so we iterate over the list to invoke the env modification
-    # expressions one at a time
-    foreach($envop in $args[0]){
-        Invoke-Expression $envop
-    }
-}
-
-
-function Invoke-SpackCD {
-    if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackSubCommandArgs) {
-        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" cd -h
-    }
-    else {
-        $LOC = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" location $SpackSubCommandArgs)
-        if (($NULL -ne $LOC)){
-            if ( Test-Path -Path $LOC){
-                Set-Location $LOC
-            }
-            else{
-                exit 1
-            }
-        }
-        else {
-            exit 1
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-function Invoke-SpackEnv {
-    if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackSubCommandArgs[0]) {
-        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env -h
-    }
-    else {
-        $SubCommandSubCommand = $SpackSubCommandArgs[0]
-        $SubCommandSubCommandArgs = $SpackSubCommandArgs[1..$SpackSubCommandArgs.Count]
-        switch ($SubCommandSubCommand) {
-            "activate" {
-                if (Compare-CommonArgs $SubCommandSubCommandArgs) {
-                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
-                }
-                elseif ([bool]($SubCommandSubCommandArgs.Where({$_ -eq "--pwsh"}))) {
-                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
-                }
-                elseif (!$SubCommandSubCommandArgs) {
-                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env activate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
-                }
-                else {
-                    $SpackEnv = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params env activate "--pwsh" $SubCommandSubCommandArgs)
-                    Set-SpackEnv $SpackEnv
-                }
-            }
-            "deactivate" {
-                if ([bool]($SubCommandSubCommandArgs.Where({$_ -eq "--pwsh"}))) {
-                    python"$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env deactivate $SubCommandSubCommandArgs
-                }
-                elseif($SubCommandSubCommandArgs) {
-                    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" env deactivate -h
-                }
-                else {
-                    $SpackEnv = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params env deactivate "--pwsh")
-                    Set-SpackEnv $SpackEnv
-                }
-            }
-            default {python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs}
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-function Invoke-SpackLoad {
-    if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackSubCommandArgs) {
-        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
-    }
-    elseif ([bool]($SpackSubCommandArgs.Where({($_ -eq "--pwsh") -or ($_ -eq "--list")}))) {
-        python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
-    }
-    else {
-        $SpackEnv = $(python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand "--pwsh" $SpackSubCommandArgs)
-        Set-SpackEnv $SpackEnv
-    }
-}
-
-
-$SpackCMD_params, $SpackSubCommand, $SpackSubCommandArgs = Read-SpackArgs $args
-
-if (Compare-CommonArgs $SpackCMD_params) {
-    python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs
-    exit $LASTEXITCODE
-}
-
-# Process Spack commands with special conditions
-# all other commands are piped directly to Spack
-switch($SpackSubCommand)
-{
-    "cd"     {Invoke-SpackCD}
-    "env"    {Invoke-SpackEnv}
-    "load"   {Invoke-SpackLoad}
-    "unload" {Invoke-SpackLoad}
-    default  {python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs}
-}

bin/spack_cmd.bat

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ if defined py_path (
 
 if defined py_exe (
     "%py_exe%" "%SPACK_ROOT%\bin\haspywin.py"
+    "%py_exe%" "%SPACK_ROOT%\bin\spack" external find python >NUL
 )
 
 set "EDITOR=notepad"

bin/spack_pwsh.ps1

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

etc/spack/defaults/bootstrap.yaml

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ bootstrap:
   # may not be able to bootstrap all the software that Spack needs,
   # depending on its type.
   sources:
-  - name: 'github-actions-v0.5'
-    metadata: $spack/share/spack/bootstrap/github-actions-v0.5
   - name: 'github-actions-v0.4'
     metadata: $spack/share/spack/bootstrap/github-actions-v0.4
+  - name: 'github-actions-v0.3'
+    metadata: $spack/share/spack/bootstrap/github-actions-v0.3
   - name: 'spack-install'
     metadata: $spack/share/spack/bootstrap/spack-install
   trusted:
     # By default we trust bootstrapping from sources and from binaries
     # produced on Github via the workflow
-    github-actions-v0.5: true
     github-actions-v0.4: true
+    github-actions-v0.3: true
     spack-install: true

etc/spack/defaults/concretizer.yaml

@@ -13,18 +13,16 @@ concretizer:
   # Whether to consider installed packages or packages from buildcaches when
   # concretizing specs. If `true`, we'll try to use as many installs/binaries
   # as possible, rather than building. If `false`, we'll always give you a fresh
-  # concretization. If `dependencies`, we'll only reuse dependencies but
-  # give you a fresh concretization for your root specs.
-  reuse: dependencies
+  # concretization.
+  reuse: true
   # Options that tune which targets are considered for concretization. The
   # concretization process is very sensitive to the number targets, and the time
   # needed to reach a solution increases noticeably with the number of targets
   # considered.
   targets:
-    # Determine whether we want to target specific or generic
-    # microarchitectures. Valid values are: "microarchitectures" or "generic".
-    # An example of "microarchitectures" would be "skylake" or "bulldozer",
-    # while an example of "generic" would be "aarch64" or "x86_64_v4".
+    # Determine whether we want to target specific or generic microarchitectures.
+    # An example of the first kind might be for instance "skylake" or "bulldozer",
+    # while generic microarchitectures are for instance "aarch64" or "x86_64_v4".
     granularity: microarchitectures
     # If "false" allow targets that are incompatible with the current host (for
     # instance concretize with target "icelake" while running on "haswell").
@@ -35,15 +33,4 @@ concretizer:
   # environments can always be activated. When "false" perform concretization separately
   # on each root spec, allowing different versions and variants of the same package in
   # an environment.
-  unify: true
-  # Option to deal with possible duplicate nodes (i.e. different nodes from the same package) in the DAG.
-  duplicates:
-    # "none": allows a single node for any package in the DAG.
-    # "minimal": allows the duplication of 'build-tools' nodes only (e.g. py-setuptools, cmake etc.)
-    # "full" (experimental): allows separation of the entire build-tool stack (e.g. the entire "cmake" subDAG)
-    strategy: minimal
-  # Option to specify compatiblity between operating systems for reuse of compilers and packages
-  # Specified as a key: [list] where the key is the os that is being targeted, and the list contains the OS's 
-  # it can reuse. Note this is a directional compatibility so mutual compatibility between two OS's 
-  # requires two entries i.e. os_compatible: {sonoma: [monterey], monterey: [sonoma]}
-  os_compatible: {}
+  unify: false

etc/spack/defaults/config.yaml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ config:
   install_tree:
     root: $spack/opt/spack
     projections:
-      all: "{architecture}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}/{name}-{version}-{hash}"
+      all: "${ARCHITECTURE}/${COMPILERNAME}-${COMPILERVER}/${PACKAGE}-${VERSION}-${HASH}"
     # install_tree can include an optional padded length (int or boolean)
     # default is False (do not pad)
     # if padded_length is True, Spack will pad as close to the system max path
@@ -54,11 +54,6 @@ config:
   # are that it precludes its use as a system package and its ability to be
   # pip installable.
   #
-  # In Spack environment files, chaining onto existing system Spack
-  # installations, the $env variable can be used to download, cache and build
-  # into user-writable paths that are relative to the currently active
-  # environment.
-  #
   # In any case, if the username is not already in the path, Spack will append
   # the value of `$user` in an attempt to avoid potential conflicts between
   # users in shared temporary spaces.
@@ -81,10 +76,6 @@ config:
   source_cache: $spack/var/spack/cache
 
 
-  ## Directory where spack managed environments are created and stored
-  # environments_root: $spack/var/spack/environments
-
-
   # Cache directory for miscellaneous files, like the package index.
   # This can be purged with `spack clean --misc-cache`
   misc_cache: $user_cache_path/cache
@@ -101,12 +92,6 @@ config:
   verify_ssl: true
 
 
-  # This is where custom certs for proxy/firewall are stored.
-  # It can be a path or environment variable. To match ssl env configuration
-  # the default is the environment variable SSL_CERT_FILE
-  ssl_certs: $SSL_CERT_FILE
-
-
   # Suppress gpg warnings from binary package verification
   # Only suppresses warnings, gpg failure will still fail the install
   # Potential rationale to set True: users have already explicitly trusted the
@@ -191,7 +176,7 @@ config:
   # when Spack needs to manage its own package metadata and all operations are
   # expected to complete within the default time limit. The timeout should
   # therefore generally be left untouched.
-  db_lock_timeout: 60
+  db_lock_timeout: 3
 
 
   # How long to wait when attempting to modify a package (e.g. to install it).
@@ -222,24 +207,11 @@ config:
   # manipulation by unprivileged user (e.g. AFS)
   allow_sgid: true
 
-  # Whether to show status information during building and installing packages.
-  # This gives information about Spack's current progress as well as the current
-  # and total number of packages. Information is shown both in the terminal
-  # title and inline.
-  install_status: true
+  # Whether to set the terminal title to display status information during
+  # building and installing packages. This gives information about Spack's
+  # current progress as well as the current and total number of packages.
+  terminal_title: false
 
   # Number of seconds a buildcache's index.json is cached locally before probing
   # for updates, within a single Spack invocation. Defaults to 10 minutes.
-  binary_index_ttl: 600
-
-  flags:
-    # Whether to keep -Werror flags active in package builds.
-    keep_werror: 'none'
-
-  # A mapping of aliases that can be used to define new commands. For instance,
-  # `sp: spec -I` will define a new command `sp` that will execute `spec` with
-  # the `-I` argument. Aliases cannot override existing commands.
-  aliases:
-    concretise: concretize
-    containerise: containerize
-    rm: remove
+  binary_index_ttl: 600

etc/spack/defaults/darwin/packages.yaml

@@ -23,20 +23,8 @@ packages:
     providers:
       elf: [libelf]
       fuse: [macfuse]
-      gl: [apple-gl]
-      glu: [apple-glu]
       unwind: [apple-libunwind]
       uuid: [apple-libuuid]
-  apple-gl:
-    buildable: false
-    externals:
-    - spec: apple-gl@4.1.0
-      prefix: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
-  apple-glu:
-    buildable: false
-    externals:
-    - spec: apple-glu@1.3.0
-      prefix: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
   apple-libunwind:
     buildable: false
     externals:
@@ -50,4 +38,4 @@ packages:
     # Apple bundles libuuid in libsystem_c version 1353.100.2,
     # although the version number used here isn't critical
     - spec: apple-libuuid@1353.100.2
-      prefix: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk
+      prefix: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk

etc/spack/defaults/mirrors.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
 mirrors:
-  spack-public:
-    binary: false
-    url: https://mirror.spack.io
+  spack-public: https://mirror.spack.io

etc/spack/defaults/modules.yaml

@@ -40,12 +40,13 @@ modules:
     roots:
      tcl:    $spack/share/spack/modules
      lmod:   $spack/share/spack/lmod
-    # What type of modules to use ("tcl" and/or "lmod")
-    enable: []
+    # What type of modules to use
+    enable:
+      - tcl
 
     tcl:
       all:
-        autoload: direct
+        autoload: none
 
     # Default configurations if lmod is enabled
     lmod:

etc/spack/defaults/packages.yaml

@@ -20,30 +20,27 @@ packages:
       awk: [gawk]
       blas: [openblas, amdblis]
       D: [ldc]
-      daal: [intel-oneapi-daal]
+      daal: [intel-daal]
       elf: [elfutils]
       fftw-api: [fftw, amdfftw]
       flame: [libflame, amdlibflame]
-      fortran-rt: [gcc-runtime, intel-oneapi-runtime]
       fuse: [libfuse]
       gl: [glx, osmesa]
       glu: [mesa-glu, openglu]
       golang: [go, gcc]
-      go-or-gccgo-bootstrap: [go-bootstrap, gcc]
+      go-external-or-gccgo-bootstrap: [go-bootstrap, gcc]
       iconv: [libiconv]
-      ipp: [intel-oneapi-ipp]
+      ipp: [intel-ipp]
       java: [openjdk, jdk, ibm-java]
       jpeg: [libjpeg-turbo, libjpeg]
       lapack: [openblas, amdlibflame]
-      libgfortran: [ gcc-runtime ]
       libglx: [mesa+glx, mesa18+glx]
-      libifcore: [ intel-oneapi-runtime ]
       libllvm: [llvm]
       libosmesa: [mesa+osmesa, mesa18+osmesa]
       lua-lang: [lua, lua-luajit-openresty, lua-luajit]
       luajit: [lua-luajit-openresty, lua-luajit]
       mariadb-client: [mariadb-c-client, mariadb]
-      mkl: [intel-oneapi-mkl]
+      mkl: [intel-mkl]
       mpe: [mpe2]
       mpi: [openmpi, mpich]
       mysql-client: [mysql, mariadb-c-client]
@@ -52,7 +49,6 @@ packages:
       pbs: [openpbs, torque]
       pil: [py-pillow]
       pkgconfig: [pkgconf, pkg-config]
-      qmake: [qt-base, qt]
       rpc: [libtirpc]
       scalapack: [netlib-scalapack, amdscalapack]
       sycl: [hipsycl]
@@ -63,7 +59,6 @@ packages:
       xxd: [xxd-standalone, vim]
       yacc: [bison, byacc]
       ziglang: [zig]
-      zlib-api: [zlib-ng+compat, zlib]
     permissions:
       read: world
       write: user

etc/spack/defaults/windows/config.yaml

@@ -3,4 +3,3 @@ config:
   concretizer: clingo
   build_stage::
     - '$spack/.staging'
-  stage_name: '{name}-{version}-{hash:7}'

etc/spack/defaults/windows/packages.yaml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# This file controls default concretization preferences for Spack.
-#
-# Settings here are versioned with Spack and are intended to provide
-# sensible defaults out of the box. Spack maintainers should edit this
-# file to keep it current.
-#
-# Users can override these settings by editing the following files.
-#
-# Per-spack-instance settings (overrides defaults):
-#   $SPACK_ROOT/etc/spack/packages.yaml
-#
-# Per-user settings (overrides default and site settings):
-#   ~/.spack/packages.yaml
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-packages:
-  all:
-    compiler:
-    - msvc
-    providers:
-      mpi: [msmpi]
-      gl: [wgl]

lib/spack/docs/.gitignore

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+package_list.html
 command_index.rst
 spack*.rst
 llnl*.rst
 _build
 .spack-env
 spack.lock
-_spack_root

lib/spack/docs/_pygments/style.py

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-# We use our own extension of the default style with a few modifications
-from pygments.styles.default import DefaultStyle
-from pygments.token import Generic
-
-
-class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
-    styles = DefaultStyle.styles.copy()
-    background_color = "#f4f4f8"
-    styles[Generic.Output] = "#355"
-    styles[Generic.Prompt] = "bold #346ec9"

lib/spack/docs/analyze.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+.. _analyze:
+
+=======
+Analyze
+=======
+
+
+The analyze command is a front-end to various tools that let us analyze
+package installations. Each analyzer is a module for a different kind
+of analysis that can be done on a package installation, including (but not
+limited to) binary, log, or text analysis. Thus, the analyze command group
+allows you to take an existing package install, choose an analyzer,
+and extract some output for the package using it.
+
+
+-----------------
+Analyzer Metadata
+-----------------
+
+For all analyzers, we write to an ``analyzers`` folder in ``~/.spack``, or the
+value that you specify in your spack config at ``config:analyzers_dir``. 
+For example, here we see the results of running an analysis on zlib:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ tree ~/.spack/analyzers/
+    └── linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake
+        └── gcc-9.3.0
+            └── zlib-1.2.11-sl7m27mzkbejtkrajigj3a3m37ygv4u2
+                ├── environment_variables
+                │   └── spack-analyzer-environment-variables.json
+                ├── install_files
+                │   └── spack-analyzer-install-files.json
+                └── libabigail
+                    └── spack-analyzer-libabigail-libz.so.1.2.11.xml
+    
+
+This means that you can always find analyzer output in this folder, and it
+is organized with the same logic as the package install it was run for. 
+If you want to customize this top level folder, simply provide the ``--path``
+argument to ``spack analyze run``. The nested organization will be maintained
+within your custom root.
+
+-----------------
+Listing Analyzers
+-----------------
+
+If you aren't familiar with Spack's analyzers, you can quickly list those that 
+are available:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze list-analyzers
+    install_files            : install file listing read from install_manifest.json
+    environment_variables    : environment variables parsed from spack-build-env.txt
+    config_args              : config args loaded from spack-configure-args.txt
+    libabigail               : Application Binary Interface (ABI) features for objects
+
+
+In the above, the first three are fairly simple - parsing metadata files from
+a package install directory to save
+
+-------------------
+Analyzing a Package
+-------------------
+
+The analyze command, akin to install, will accept a package spec to perform
+an analysis for. The package must be installed. Let's walk through an example
+with zlib. We first ask to analyze it. However, since we have more than one
+install, we are asked to disambiguate:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze run zlib
+    ==> Error: zlib matches multiple packages.
+      Matching packages:
+        fz2bs56 zlib@1.2.11%gcc@7.5.0 arch=linux-ubuntu18.04-skylake
+        sl7m27m zlib@1.2.11%gcc@9.3.0 arch=linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake
+      Use a more specific spec.
+
+
+We can then specify the spec version that we want to analyze:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze run zlib/fz2bs56
+
+If you don't provide any specific analyzer names, by default all analyzers 
+(shown in the ``list-analyzers`` subcommand list) will be run. If an analyzer does not
+have any result, it will be skipped. For example, here is a result running for
+zlib:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ ls ~/.spack/analyzers/linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake/gcc-9.3.0/zlib-1.2.11-sl7m27mzkbejtkrajigj3a3m37ygv4u2/
+    spack-analyzer-environment-variables.json
+    spack-analyzer-install-files.json
+    spack-analyzer-libabigail-libz.so.1.2.11.xml
+
+If you want to run a specific analyzer, ask for it with `--analyzer`. Here we run
+spack analyze on libabigail (already installed) _using_ libabigail1
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze run --analyzer abigail libabigail
+
+
+.. _analyze_monitoring:
+
+----------------------
+Monitoring An Analysis
+----------------------
+
+For any kind of analysis, you can
+use a `spack monitor <https://github.com/spack/spack-monitor>`_ "Spackmon"
+as a server to upload the same run metadata to. You can
+follow the instructions in the `spack monitor documentation <https://spack-monitor.readthedocs.org>`_
+to first create a server along with a username and token for yourself.
+You can then use this guide to interact with the server.
+
+You should first export our spack monitor token and username to the environment:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+ 
+    $ export SPACKMON_TOKEN=50445263afd8f67e59bd79bff597836ee6c05438
+    $ export SPACKMON_USER=spacky
+
+
+By default, the host for your server is expected to be at ``http://127.0.0.1``
+with a prefix of ``ms1``, and if this is the case, you can simply add the
+``--monitor`` flag to the install command:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze run --monitor wget
+
+If you need to customize the host or the prefix, you can do that as well:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze run --monitor --monitor-prefix monitor --monitor-host https://monitor-service.io wget
+
+If your server doesn't have authentication, you can skip it:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze run --monitor --monitor-disable-auth wget
+    
+Regardless of your choice, when you run analyze on an installed package (whether
+it was installed with ``--monitor`` or not, you'll see the results generating as they did
+before, and a message that the monitor server was pinged:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack analyze --monitor wget
+    ...
+    ==> Sending result for wget bin/wget to monitor.

lib/spack/docs/basic_usage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -45,8 +45,7 @@ Listing available packages
 
 To install software with Spack, you need to know what software is
 available.  You can see a list of available package names at the
-`packages.spack.io <https://packages.spack.io>`_ website, or
-using the ``spack list`` command.
+:ref:`package-list` webpage, or using the ``spack list`` command.
 
 .. _cmd-spack-list:
 
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ can install:
    :ellipsis: 10
 
 There are thousands of them, so we've truncated the output above, but you
-can find a `full list here <https://packages.spack.io>`_.
+can find a :ref:`full list here <package-list>`.
 Packages are listed by name in alphabetical order.
 A pattern to match with no wildcards, ``*`` or ``?``,
 will be treated as though it started and ended with
@@ -943,7 +942,7 @@ first ``libelf`` above, you would run:
 
    $ spack load /qmm4kso
 
-To see which packages that you have loaded to your environment you would
+To see which packages that you have loaded to your enviornment you would
 use ``spack find --loaded``.
 
 .. code-block:: console
@@ -1104,75 +1103,54 @@ Below are more details about the specifiers that you can add to specs.
 Version specifier
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-A version specifier ``pkg@<specifier>`` comes after a package name
-and starts with ``@``. It can be something abstract that matches
-multiple known versions, or a specific version. During concretization,
-Spack will pick the optimal version within the spec's constraints
-according to policies set for the particular Spack installation.
+A version specifier comes somewhere after a package name and starts
+with ``@``.  It can be a single version, e.g. ``@1.0``, ``@3``, or
+``@1.2a7``.  Or, it can be a range of versions, such as ``@1.0:1.5``
+(all versions between ``1.0`` and ``1.5``, inclusive).  Version ranges
+can be open, e.g. ``:3`` means any version up to and including ``3``.
+This would include ``3.4`` and ``3.4.2``.  ``4.2:`` means any version
+above and including ``4.2``.  Finally, a version specifier can be a
+set of arbitrary versions, such as ``@1.0,1.5,1.7`` (``1.0``, ``1.5``,
+or ``1.7``).  When you supply such a specifier to ``spack install``,
+it constrains the set of versions that Spack will install.
 
-The version specifier can be *a specific version*, such as ``@=1.0.0`` or
-``@=1.2a7``. Or, it can be *a range of versions*, such as ``@1.0:1.5``.
-Version ranges are inclusive, so this example includes both ``1.0``
-and any ``1.5.x`` version. Version ranges can be unbounded, e.g. ``@:3``
-means any version up to and including ``3``. This would include ``3.4``
-and ``3.4.2``.  Similarly, ``@4.2:`` means any version above and including
-``4.2``.  As a short-hand, ``@3`` is equivalent to the range ``@3:3`` and
-includes any version with major version ``3``.
-
-Versions are ordered lexicograpically by its components. For more details
-on the order, see :ref:`the packaging guide <version-comparison>`.
-
-Notice that you can distinguish between the specific version ``@=3.2`` and
-the range ``@3.2``. This is useful for packages that follow a versioning
-scheme that omits the zero patch version number: ``3.2``, ``3.2.1``,
-``3.2.2``, etc. In general it is preferable to use the range syntax
-``@3.2``, since ranges also match versions with one-off suffixes, such as
-``3.2-custom``.
-
-A version specifier can also be a list of ranges and specific versions,
-separated by commas.  For example, ``@1.0:1.5,=1.7.1`` matches any version
-in the range ``1.0:1.5`` and the specific version ``1.7.1``.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Git versions
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-For packages with a ``git`` attribute, ``git`` references
-may be specified instead of a numerical version i.e. branches, tags
-and commits. Spack will stage and build based off the ``git``
+For packages with a ``git`` attribute, ``git`` references 
+may be specified instead of a numerical version i.e. branches, tags 
+and commits. Spack will stage and build based off the ``git`` 
 reference provided.  Acceptable syntaxes for this are:
 
 .. code-block:: sh
-
-    # commit hashes
-   foo@abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234    # 40 character hashes are automatically treated as git commits
-   foo@git.abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234
-
+   
     # branches and tags
    foo@git.develop # use the develop branch
    foo@git.0.19 # use the 0.19 tag
+   
+    # commit hashes
+   foo@abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234    # 40 character hashes are automatically treated as git commits
+   foo@git.abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234
+   
+Spack versions from git reference either have an associated version supplied by the user,
+or infer a relationship to known versions from the structure of the git repository. If an
+associated version is supplied by the user, Spack treats the git version as equivalent to that
+version for all version comparisons in the package logic (e.g. ``depends_on('foo', when='@1.5')``).
 
-Spack always needs to associate a Spack version with the git reference,
-which is used for version comparison. This Spack version is heuristically
-taken from the closest valid git tag among ancestors of the git ref.
-
-Once a Spack version is associated with a git ref, it always printed with
-the git ref.  For example, if the commit ``@git.abcdefg`` is tagged
-``0.19``, then the spec will be shown as ``@git.abcdefg=0.19``.
-
-If the git ref is not exactly a tag, then the distance to the nearest tag
-is also part of the resolved version. ``@git.abcdefg=0.19.git.8`` means
-that the commit is 8 commits away from the ``0.19`` tag.
-
-In cases where Spack cannot resolve a sensible version from a git ref,
-users can specify the Spack version to use for the git ref. This is done
-by appending ``=`` and the Spack version to the git ref. For example:
+The associated version can be assigned with ``[git ref]=[version]`` syntax, with the caveat that the specified version is known to Spack from either the package definition, or in the configuration preferences (i.e. ``packages.yaml``).
 
 .. code-block:: sh
 
    foo@git.my_ref=3.2 # use the my_ref tag or branch, but treat it as version 3.2 for version comparisons
    foo@git.abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234abcdef1234=develop # use the given commit, but treat it as develop for version comparisons
 
+If an associated version is not supplied then the tags in the git repo are used to determine
+the most recent previous version known to Spack. Details about how versions are compared
+and how Spack determines if one version is less than another are discussed in the developer guide.
+
+If the version spec is not provided, then Spack will choose one
+according to policies set for the particular spack installation.  If
+the spec is ambiguous, i.e. it could match multiple versions, Spack
+will choose a version within the spec's constraints according to
+policies set for the particular Spack installation.
+
 Details about how versions are compared and how Spack determines if
 one version is less than another are discussed in the developer guide.
 
@@ -1266,8 +1244,8 @@ For example, for the ``stackstart`` variant:
 
 .. code-block:: sh
 
-    mpileaks stackstart==4   # variant will be propagated to dependencies
-    mpileaks stackstart=4    # only mpileaks will have this variant value
+    mpileaks stackstart=4    # variant will be propagated to dependencies
+    mpileaks stackstart==4   # only mpileaks will have this variant value
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Compiler Flags
@@ -1533,30 +1511,6 @@ any MPI implementation will do.  If another package depends on
 error.  Likewise, if you try to plug in some package that doesn't
 provide MPI, Spack will raise an error.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Explicit binding of virtual dependencies
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-There are packages that provide more than just one virtual dependency. When interacting with them, users
-might want to utilize just a subset of what they could provide, and use other providers for virtuals they
-need.
-
-It is possible to be more explicit and tell Spack which dependency should provide which virtual, using a
-special syntax:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack spec strumpack ^[virtuals=mpi] intel-parallel-studio+mkl ^[virtuals=lapack] openblas
-
-Concretizing the spec above produces the following DAG:
-
-.. figure:: images/strumpack_virtuals.svg
-   :scale: 60 %
-   :align: center
-
-where ``intel-parallel-studio`` *could* provide ``mpi``, ``lapack``, and ``blas`` but is used only for the former. The ``lapack``
-and ``blas`` dependencies are satisfied by ``openblas``.
-
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Specifying Specs by Hash
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -1718,13 +1672,9 @@ own install prefix.  However, certain packages are typically installed
 `Python <https://www.python.org>`_ packages are typically installed in the
 ``$prefix/lib/python-2.7/site-packages`` directory.
 
-In Spack, installation prefixes are immutable, so this type of installation
-is not directly supported. However, it is possible to create views that
-allow you to merge install prefixes of multiple packages into a single new prefix.
-Views are a convenient way to get a more traditional filesystem structure.
-Using *extensions*, you can ensure that Python packages always share the
-same prefix in the view as Python itself. Suppose you have
-Python installed like so:
+Spack has support for this type of installation as well.  In Spack,
+a package that can live inside the prefix of another package is called
+an *extension*.  Suppose you have Python installed like so:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -1762,6 +1712,8 @@ You can find extensions for your Python installation like this:
    py-ipython@2.3.1     py-pygments@2.0.1   py-setuptools@11.3.1
    py-matplotlib@1.4.2  py-pyparsing@2.0.3  py-six@1.9.0
 
+   ==> None activated.
+
 The extensions are a subset of what's returned by ``spack list``, and
 they are packages like any other.  They are installed into their own
 prefixes, and you can see this with ``spack find --paths``:
@@ -1789,72 +1741,32 @@ directly when you run ``python``:
    ImportError: No module named numpy
    >>>
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Using Extensions in Environments
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Using Extensions
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-The recommended way of working with extensions such as ``py-numpy``
-above is through :ref:`Environments <environments>`. For example,
-the following creates an environment in the current working directory
-with a filesystem view in the ``./view`` directory:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack env create --with-view view --dir .
-   $ spack -e . add py-numpy
-   $ spack -e . concretize
-   $ spack -e . install
-
-We recommend environments for two reasons. Firstly, environments
-can be activated (requires :ref:`shell-support`):
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack env activate .
-
-which sets all the right environment variables such as ``PATH`` and
-``PYTHONPATH``. This ensures that
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ python
-   >>> import numpy
-
-works. Secondly, even without shell support, the view ensures
-that Python can locate its extensions:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ ./view/bin/python
-   >>> import numpy
-
-See :ref:`environments` for a more in-depth description of Spack
-environments and customizations to views.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Using ``spack load``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-A more traditional way of using Spack and extensions is ``spack load``
-(requires :ref:`shell-support`). This will add the extension to ``PYTHONPATH``
-in your current shell, and Python itself will be available in the ``PATH``:
+There are four ways to get ``numpy`` working in Python.  The first is
+to use :ref:`shell-support`.  You can simply ``load`` the extension,
+and it will be added to the ``PYTHONPATH`` in your current shell:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
+   $ spack load python
    $ spack load py-numpy
-   $ python
-   >>> import numpy
 
+Now ``import numpy`` will succeed for as long as you keep your current
+session open.
 The loaded packages can be checked using ``spack find --loaded``
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Loading Extensions via Modules
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Apart from ``spack env activate`` and ``spack load``, you can load numpy
-through your environment modules (using ``environment-modules`` or
-``lmod``). This will also add the extension to the ``PYTHONPATH`` in
-your current shell.
+Instead of using Spack's environment modification capabilities through
+the ``spack load`` command, you can load numpy through your
+environment modules (using ``environment-modules`` or ``lmod``). This
+will also add the extension to the ``PYTHONPATH`` in your current
+shell.
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -1864,6 +1776,130 @@ If you do not know the name of the specific numpy module you wish to
 load, you can use the ``spack module tcl|lmod loads`` command to get
 the name of the module from the Spack spec.
 
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Activating Extensions in a View
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Another way to use extensions is to create a view, which merges the
+python installation along with the extensions into a single prefix.
+See :ref:`configuring_environment_views` for a more in-depth description
+of views.
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Activating Extensions Globally
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+As an alternative to creating a merged prefix with Python and its extensions,
+and prior to support for views, Spack has provided a means to install the
+extension into the Spack installation prefix for the extendee. This has
+typically been useful since extendable packages typically search their own
+installation path for addons by default.
+
+Global activations are performed with the ``spack activate`` command:
+
+.. _cmd-spack-activate:
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+``spack activate``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack activate py-numpy
+   ==> Activated extension py-setuptools@11.3.1%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64-3c74eb69 for python@2.7.8%gcc@4.4.7.
+   ==> Activated extension py-nose@1.3.4%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64-5f70f816 for python@2.7.8%gcc@4.4.7.
+   ==> Activated extension py-numpy@1.9.1%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64-66733244 for python@2.7.8%gcc@4.4.7.
+
+Several things have happened here.  The user requested that
+``py-numpy`` be activated in the ``python`` installation it was built
+with.  Spack knows that ``py-numpy`` depends on ``py-nose`` and
+``py-setuptools``, so it activated those packages first.  Finally,
+once all dependencies were activated in the ``python`` installation,
+``py-numpy`` was activated as well.
+
+If we run ``spack extensions`` again, we now see the three new
+packages listed as activated:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack extensions python
+   ==> python@2.7.8%gcc@4.4.7  arch=linux-debian7-x86_64-703c7a96
+   ==> 36 extensions:
+   geos          py-ipython     py-pexpect    py-pyside            py-sip
+   py-basemap    py-libxml2     py-pil        py-pytz              py-six
+   py-biopython  py-mako        py-pmw        py-rpy2              py-sympy
+   py-cython     py-matplotlib  py-pychecker  py-scientificpython  py-virtualenv
+   py-dateutil   py-mpi4py      py-pygments   py-scikit-learn
+   py-epydoc     py-mx          py-pylint     py-scipy
+   py-gnuplot    py-nose        py-pyparsing  py-setuptools
+   py-h5py       py-numpy       py-pyqt       py-shiboken
+
+   ==> 12 installed:
+   -- linux-debian7-x86_64 / gcc@4.4.7 --------------------------------
+   py-dateutil@2.4.0    py-nose@1.3.4       py-pyside@1.2.2
+   py-dateutil@2.4.0    py-numpy@1.9.1      py-pytz@2014.10
+   py-ipython@2.3.1     py-pygments@2.0.1   py-setuptools@11.3.1
+   py-matplotlib@1.4.2  py-pyparsing@2.0.3  py-six@1.9.0
+
+   ==> 3 currently activated:
+   -- linux-debian7-x86_64 / gcc@4.4.7 --------------------------------
+   py-nose@1.3.4  py-numpy@1.9.1  py-setuptools@11.3.1
+
+Now, when a user runs python, ``numpy`` will be available for import
+*without* the user having to explicitly load it.  ``python@2.7.8`` now
+acts like a system Python installation with ``numpy`` installed inside
+of it.
+
+Spack accomplishes this by symbolically linking the *entire* prefix of
+the ``py-numpy`` package into the prefix of the ``python`` package.  To the
+python interpreter, it looks like ``numpy`` is installed in the
+``site-packages`` directory.
+
+The only limitation of global activation is that you can only have a *single*
+version of an extension activated at a time.  This is because multiple
+versions of the same extension would conflict if symbolically linked
+into the same prefix.  Users who want a different version of a package
+can still get it by using environment modules or views, but they will have to
+explicitly load their preferred version.
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+``spack activate --force``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If, for some reason, you want to activate a package *without* its
+dependencies, you can use ``spack activate --force``:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack activate --force py-numpy
+   ==> Activated extension py-numpy@1.9.1%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64-66733244 for python@2.7.8%gcc@4.4.7.
+
+.. _cmd-spack-deactivate:
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+``spack deactivate``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+We've seen how activating an extension can be used to set up a default
+version of a Python module.  Obviously, you may want to change that at
+some point.  ``spack deactivate`` is the command for this.  There are
+several variants:
+
+* ``spack deactivate <extension>`` will deactivate a single
+  extension.  If another activated extension depends on this one,
+  Spack will warn you and exit with an error.
+* ``spack deactivate --force <extension>`` deactivates an extension
+  regardless of packages that depend on it.
+* ``spack deactivate --all <extension>`` deactivates an extension and
+  all of its dependencies.  Use ``--force`` to disregard dependents.
+* ``spack deactivate --all <extendee>`` deactivates *all* activated
+  extensions of a package.  For example, to deactivate *all* python
+  extensions, use:
+
+  .. code-block:: console
+
+     $ spack deactivate --all python
+
 -----------------------
 Filesystem requirements
 -----------------------

lib/spack/docs/binary_caches.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -13,47 +13,49 @@ Some sites may encourage users to set up their own test environments
 before carrying out central installations, or some users may prefer to set
 up these environments on their own motivation. To reduce the load of
 recompiling otherwise identical package specs in different installations,
-installed packages can be put into build cache tarballs, pushed to
+installed packages can be put into build cache tarballs, uploaded to
 your Spack mirror and then downloaded and installed by others.
 
-Whenever a mirror provides prebuilt packages, Spack will take these packages
-into account during concretization and installation, making ``spack install``
-significantly faster.
 
+--------------------------
+Creating build cache files
+--------------------------
 
-.. note::
-
-    We use the terms "build cache" and "mirror" often interchangeably. Mirrors
-    are used during installation both for sources and prebuilt packages. Build
-    caches refer to mirrors that provide prebuilt packages.
-
-
-----------------------
-Creating a build cache
-----------------------
+A compressed tarball of an installed package is created. Tarballs are created
+for all of its link and run dependency packages as well. Compressed tarballs are
+signed with gpg and signature and tarball and put in a ``.spack`` file. Optionally,
+the rpaths (and ids and deps on macOS) can be changed to paths relative to
+the Spack install tree before the tarball is created.
 
 Build caches are created via:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-    $ spack buildcache push <path/url/mirror name> <spec>
+    $ spack buildcache create <spec>
 
-This command takes the locally installed spec and its dependencies, and
-creates tarballs of their install prefixes. It also generates metadata files,
-signed with GPG. These tarballs and metadata files are then pushed to the
-provided binary cache, which can be a local directory or a remote URL.
 
-Here is an example where a build cache is created in a local directory named
-"spack-cache", to which we push the "ninja" spec:
+If you wanted to create a build cache in a local directory, you would provide
+the ``-d`` argument to target that directory, again also specifying the spec.
+Here is an example creating a local directory, "spack-cache" and creating
+build cache files for the "ninja" spec:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-    $ spack buildcache push ./spack-cache ninja
-    ==> Pushing binary packages to file:///home/spackuser/spack/spack-cache/build_cache
+    $ mkdir -p ./spack-cache
+    $ spack buildcache create -d ./spack-cache ninja
+    ==> Buildcache files will be output to file:///home/spackuser/spack/spack-cache/build_cache
+    gpgconf: socketdir is '/run/user/1000/gnupg'
+    gpg: using "E6DF6A8BD43208E4D6F392F23777740B7DBD643D" as default secret key for signing
 
-Note that ``ninja`` must be installed locally for this to work.
+Note that the targeted spec must already be installed. Once you have a build cache,
+you can add it as a mirror, discussed next.
 
-Once you have a build cache, you can add it as a mirror, discussed next.
+.. warning::
+
+   Spack improved the format used for binary caches in v0.18. The entire v0.18 series
+   will be able to verify and install binary caches both in the new and in the old format.
+   Support for using the old format is expected to end in v0.19, so we advise users to
+   recreate relevant buildcaches using Spack v0.18 or higher.
 
 ---------------------------------------
 Finding or installing build cache files
@@ -64,10 +66,10 @@ with:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-    $ spack mirror add <name> <url or path>
+    $ spack mirror add <name> <url>
 
 
-Both web URLs and local paths on the filesystem can be specified. In the previous
+Note that the url can be a web url _or_ a local filesystem location. In the previous
 example, you might add the directory "spack-cache" and call it ``mymirror``:
 
 
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ this new build cache as follows:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-    $ spack buildcache update-index ./spack-cache
+    $ spack buildcache update-index -d spack-cache/
 
 Now you can use list:
 
@@ -103,38 +105,46 @@ Now you can use list:
     -- linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake / gcc@9.3.0 ------------------------
     ninja@1.10.2
 
-With ``mymirror`` configured and an index available, Spack will automatically
-use it during concretization and installation. That means that you can expect
-``spack install ninja`` to fetch prebuilt packages from the mirror. Let's
-verify by re-installing ninja:
+
+Great! So now let's say you have a different spack installation, or perhaps just
+a different environment for the same one, and you want to install a package from
+that build cache. Let's first uninstall the actual library "ninja" to see if we can
+re-install it from the cache.
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
     $ spack uninstall ninja
-    $ spack install ninja
-    ==> Installing ninja-1.11.1-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz
-    ==> Fetching file:///home/spackuser/spack/spack-cache/build_cache/linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake-gcc-9.3.0-ninja-1.10.2-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz.spec.json.sig
-    gpg: Signature made Do 12 Jan 2023 16:01:04 CET
-    gpg:                using RSA key 61B82B2B2350E171BD17A1744E3A689061D57BF6
-    gpg: Good signature from "example (GPG created for Spack) <example@example.com>" [ultimate]
-    ==> Fetching file:///home/spackuser/spack/spack-cache/build_cache/linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake/gcc-9.3.0/ninja-1.10.2/linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake-gcc-9.3.0-ninja-1.10.2-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz.spack
-    ==> Extracting ninja-1.10.2-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz from binary cache
-    ==> ninja: Successfully installed ninja-1.11.1-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz
-    Search: 0.00s.  Fetch: 0.17s.  Install: 0.12s.  Total: 0.29s
-    [+] /home/harmen/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake/gcc-9.3.0/ninja-1.11.1-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz
 
 
-It worked! You've just completed a full example of creating a build cache with
-a spec of interest, adding it as a mirror, updating its index, listing the contents,
-and finally, installing from it.
-
-By default Spack falls back to building from sources when the mirror is not available
-or when the package is simply not already available. To force Spack to only install
-prebuilt packages, you can use
+And now reinstall from the buildcache
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ spack install --use-buildcache only <package>
+    $ spack buildcache install ninja
+    ==> buildcache spec(s) matching ninja 
+    ==> Fetching file:///home/spackuser/spack/spack-cache/build_cache/linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake/gcc-9.3.0/ninja-1.10.2/linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake-gcc-9.3.0-ninja-1.10.2-i4e5luour7jxdpc3bkiykd4imke3mkym.spack
+    ####################################################################################################################################### 100.0%
+    ==> Installing buildcache for spec ninja@1.10.2%gcc@9.3.0 arch=linux-ubuntu20.04-skylake
+    gpgconf: socketdir is '/run/user/1000/gnupg'
+    gpg: Signature made Tue 23 Mar 2021 10:16:29 PM MDT
+    gpg:                using RSA key E6DF6A8BD43208E4D6F392F23777740B7DBD643D
+    gpg: Good signature from "spackuser (GPG created for Spack) <spackuser@noreply.users.github.com>" [ultimate]
+
+
+It worked! You've just completed a full example of creating a build cache with
+a spec of interest, adding it as a mirror, updating it's index, listing the contents,
+and finally, installing from it.
+
+
+Note that the above command is intended to install a particular package to a
+build cache you have created, and not to install a package from a build cache.
+For the latter, once a mirror is added, by default when you do ``spack install`` the ``--use-cache``
+flag is set, and you will install a package from a build cache if it is available.
+If you want to always use the cache, you can do:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack install --cache-only <package>
 
 For example, to combine all of the commands above to add the E4S build cache
 and then install from it exclusively, you would do:
@@ -143,7 +153,7 @@ and then install from it exclusively, you would do:
 
     $ spack mirror add E4S https://cache.e4s.io
     $ spack buildcache keys --install --trust
-    $ spack install --use-buildcache only <package>
+    $ spack install --cache-only <package>
 
 We use ``--install`` and ``--trust`` to say that we are installing keys to our
 keyring, and trusting all downloaded keys.
@@ -153,147 +163,18 @@ keyring, and trusting all downloaded keys.
 List of popular build caches
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-* `Extreme-scale Scientific Software Stack (E4S) <https://e4s-project.github.io/>`_: `build cache <https://oaciss.uoregon.edu/e4s/inventory.html>`_'
+* `Extreme-scale Scientific Software Stack (E4S) <https://e4s-project.github.io/>`_: `build cache <https://oaciss.uoregon.edu/e4s/inventory.html>`_
 
--------------------
-Build cache signing
--------------------
-
-By default, Spack will add a cryptographic signature to each package pushed to
-a build cache, and verifies the signature when installing from a build cache.
-
-Keys for signing can be managed with the :ref:`spack gpg <cmd-spack-gpg>` command,
-as well as ``spack buildcache keys`` as mentioned above.
-
-You can disable signing when pushing with ``spack buildcache push --unsigned``,
-and disable verification when installing from any build cache with
-``spack install --no-check-signature``.
-
-Alternatively, signing and verification can be enabled or disabled on a per build cache
-basis:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-    $ spack mirror add --signed <name> <url>  # enable signing and verification
-    $ spack mirror add --unsigned <name> <url>  # disable signing and verification
-
-    $ spack mirror set --signed <name>  # enable signing and verification for an existing mirror
-    $ spack mirror set --unsigned <name>  # disable signing and verification for an existing mirror
-
-Or you can directly edit the ``mirrors.yaml`` configuration file:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-    mirrors:
-      <name>:
-        url: <url>
-        signed: false # disable signing and verification
-
-See also :ref:`mirrors`.
 
 ----------
 Relocation
 ----------
 
-When using buildcaches across different machines, it is likely that the install
-root will be different from the one used to build the binaries.
-
-To address this issue, Spack automatically relocates all paths encoded in binaries
-and scripts to their new location upon install.
-
-Note that there are some cases where this is not possible: if binaries are built in
-a relatively short path, and then installed to a longer path, there may not be enough
-space in the binary to encode the new path. In this case, Spack will fail to install
-the package from the build cache, and a source build is required.
-
-To reduce the likelihood of this happening, it is highly recommended to add padding to
-the install root during the build, as specified in the :ref:`config <config-yaml>`
-section of the configuration:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   config:
-     install_tree:
-       root: /opt/spack
-       padded_length: 128
-
-
-.. _binary_caches_oci:
-
------------------------------------------
-OCI / Docker V2 registries as build cache
------------------------------------------
-
-Spack can also use OCI or Docker V2 registries such as Dockerhub, Quay.io,
-Github Packages, GitLab Container Registry, JFrog Artifactory, and others
-as build caches. This is a convenient way to share binaries using public
-infrastructure, or to cache Spack built binaries in Github Actions and
-GitLab CI.
-
-To get started, configure an OCI mirror using ``oci://`` as the scheme,
-and optionally specify a username and password (or personal access token):
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-    $ spack mirror add --oci-username username --oci-password password my_registry oci://example.com/my_image
-
-Spack follows the naming conventions of Docker, with Dockerhub as the default
-registry. To use Dockerhub, you can omit the registry domain:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-    $ spack mirror add --oci-username username --oci-password password my_registry oci://username/my_image
-
-From here, you can use the mirror as any other build cache:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-    $ spack buildcache push my_registry <specs...>  # push to the registry
-    $ spack install <specs...> # install from the registry
-
-A unique feature of buildcaches on top of OCI registries is that it's incredibly
-easy to generate get a runnable container image with the binaries installed. This
-is a great way to make applications available to users without requiring them to
-install Spack -- all you need is Docker, Podman or any other OCI-compatible container
-runtime.
-
-To produce container images, all you need to do is add the ``--base-image`` flag
-when pushing to the build cache:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-    $ spack buildcache push --base-image ubuntu:20.04 my_registry ninja
-    Pushed to example.com/my_image:ninja-1.11.1-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz.spack
-
-    $ docker run -it example.com/my_image:ninja-1.11.1-yxferyhmrjkosgta5ei6b4lqf6bxbscz.spack
-    root@e4c2b6f6b3f4:/# ninja --version
-    1.11.1
-
-If ``--base-image`` is not specified, distroless images are produced. In practice,
-you won't be able to run these as containers, since they don't come with libc and
-other system dependencies. However, they are still compatible with tools like
-``skopeo``, ``podman``, and ``docker`` for pulling and pushing.
-
-.. note::
-    The docker ``overlayfs2`` storage driver is limited to 128 layers, above which a
-    ``max depth exceeded`` error may be produced when pulling the image. There
-    are `alternative drivers <https://docs.docker.com/storage/storagedriver/>`_.
-
-------------------------------------
-Spack build cache for GitHub Actions
-------------------------------------
-
-To significantly speed up Spack in GitHub Actions, binaries can be cached in
-GitHub Packages. This service is an OCI registry that can be linked to a GitHub
-repository.
-
-Spack offers a public build cache for GitHub Actions with a set of common packages,
-which lets you get started quickly. See the following resources for more information:
-
-* `spack/setup-spack <https://github.com/spack/setup-spack>`_ for setting up Spack in GitHub
-  Actions
-* `spack/github-actions-buildcache <https://github.com/spack/github-actions-buildcache>`_ for
-  more details on the public build cache
+Initial build and later installation do not necessarily happen at the same
+location. Spack provides a relocation capability and corrects for RPATHs and
+non-relocatable scripts. However, many packages compile paths into binary
+artifacts directly. In such cases, the build instructions of this package would
+need to be adjusted for better re-locatability.
 
 .. _cmd-spack-buildcache:
 
@@ -302,7 +183,7 @@ which lets you get started quickly. See the following resources for more informa
 --------------------
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-``spack buildcache push``
+``spack buildcache create``
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Create tarball of installed Spack package and all dependencies.

lib/spack/docs/bootstrapping.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2021 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -32,14 +32,9 @@ can't be found. You can readily check if any prerequisite for using Spack is mis
 
    Spack will take care of bootstrapping any missing dependency marked as [B]. Dependencies marked as [-] are instead required to be found on the system.
 
-   % echo $?
-   1
-
 In the case of the output shown above Spack detected that both ``clingo`` and ``gnupg``
 are missing and it's giving detailed information on why they are needed and whether
-they can be bootstrapped. The return code of this command summarizes the results, if any
-dependencies are missing the return code is ``1``, otherwise ``0``. Running a command that
-concretizes a spec, like:
+they can be bootstrapped. Running a command that concretize a spec, like:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -49,7 +44,7 @@ concretizes a spec, like:
    ==> Installing "clingo-bootstrap@spack%apple-clang@12.0.0~docs~ipo+python build_type=Release arch=darwin-catalina-x86_64" from a buildcache
    [ ... ]
 
-automatically triggers the bootstrapping of clingo from pre-built binaries as expected.
+triggers the bootstrapping of clingo from pre-built binaries as expected.
 
 Users can also bootstrap all the dependencies needed by Spack in a single command, which
 might be useful to setup containers or other similar environments:
@@ -87,7 +82,7 @@ You can check what is installed in the bootstrapping store at any time using:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   % spack -b find
+   % spack find -b
    ==> Showing internal bootstrap store at "/Users/spack/.spack/bootstrap/store"
    ==> 11 installed packages
    -- darwin-catalina-x86_64 / apple-clang@12.0.0 ------------------
@@ -101,7 +96,7 @@ In case it is needed you can remove all the software in the current bootstrappin
    % spack clean -b
    ==> Removing bootstrapped software and configuration in "/Users/spack/.spack/bootstrap"
 
-   % spack -b find
+   % spack find -b
    ==> Showing internal bootstrap store at "/Users/spack/.spack/bootstrap/store"
    ==> 0 installed packages
 
@@ -175,4 +170,4 @@ bootstrapping.
 
 This command needs to be run on a machine with internet access and the resulting folder
 has to be moved over to the air-gapped system. Once the local sources are added using the
-commands suggested at the prompt, they can be used to bootstrap Spack.
+commands suggested at the prompt, they can be used to bootstrap Spack.

lib/spack/docs/build_settings.rst

@@ -1,25 +1,253 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
+.. _build-settings:
+
+================================
+Package Settings (packages.yaml)
+================================
+
+Spack allows you to customize how your software is built through the
+``packages.yaml`` file.  Using it, you can make Spack prefer particular
+implementations of virtual dependencies (e.g., MPI or BLAS/LAPACK),
+or you can make it prefer to build with particular compilers.  You can
+also tell Spack to use *external* software installations already
+present on your system.
+
+At a high level, the ``packages.yaml`` file is structured like this:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     package1:
+       # settings for package1
+     package2:
+       # settings for package2
+     # ...
+     all:
+       # settings that apply to all packages.
+
+So you can either set build preferences specifically for *one* package,
+or you can specify that certain settings should apply to *all* packages.
+The types of settings you can customize are described in detail below.
+
+Spack's build defaults are in the default
+``etc/spack/defaults/packages.yaml`` file.  You can override them in
+``~/.spack/packages.yaml`` or ``etc/spack/packages.yaml``. For more
+details on how this works, see :ref:`configuration-scopes`.
+
+.. _sec-external-packages:
+
+-----------------
+External Packages
+-----------------
+
+Spack can be configured to use externally-installed
+packages rather than building its own packages. This may be desirable
+if machines ship with system packages, such as a customized MPI
+that should be used instead of Spack building its own MPI.
+
+External packages are configured through the ``packages.yaml`` file.
+Here's an example of an external configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     openmpi:
+       externals:
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
+
+This example lists three installations of OpenMPI, one built with GCC,
+one built with GCC and debug information, and another built with Intel.
+If Spack is asked to build a package that uses one of these MPIs as a
+dependency, it will use the pre-installed OpenMPI in
+the given directory. Note that the specified path is the top-level
+install prefix, not the ``bin`` subdirectory.
+
+``packages.yaml`` can also be used to specify modules to load instead
+of the installation prefixes.  The following example says that module
+``CMake/3.7.2`` provides cmake version 3.7.2.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   cmake:
+     externals:
+     - spec: cmake@3.7.2
+       modules:
+       - CMake/3.7.2
+
+Each ``packages.yaml`` begins with a ``packages:`` attribute, followed
+by a list of package names.  To specify externals, add an ``externals:``
+attribute under the package name, which lists externals.
+Each external should specify a ``spec:`` string that should be as
+well-defined as reasonably possible.  If a
+package lacks a spec component, such as missing a compiler or
+package version, then Spack will guess the missing component based
+on its most-favored packages, and it may guess incorrectly.
+
+Each package version and compiler listed in an external should
+have entries in Spack's packages and compiler configuration, even
+though the package and compiler may not ever be built.
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Prevent packages from being built from sources
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Adding an external spec in ``packages.yaml`` allows Spack to use an external location,
+but it does not prevent Spack from building packages from sources. In the above example,
+Spack might choose for many valid reasons to start building and linking with the
+latest version of OpenMPI rather than continue using the pre-installed OpenMPI versions.
+
+To prevent this, the ``packages.yaml`` configuration also allows packages
+to be flagged as non-buildable.  The previous example could be modified to
+be:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     openmpi:
+       externals:
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
+       buildable: False
+
+The addition of the ``buildable`` flag tells Spack that it should never build
+its own version of OpenMPI from sources, and it will instead always rely on a pre-built
+OpenMPI.
+
+.. note::
+
+   If ``concretizer:reuse`` is on (see :ref:`concretizer-options` for more information on that flag)
+   pre-built specs include specs already available from a local store, an upstream store, a registered
+   buildcache or specs marked as externals in ``packages.yaml``. If ``concretizer:reuse`` is off, only
+   external specs in ``packages.yaml`` are included in the list of pre-built specs.
+
+If an external module is specified as not buildable, then Spack will load the
+external module into the build environment which can be used for linking.
+
+The ``buildable`` does not need to be paired with external packages.
+It could also be used alone to forbid packages that may be
+buggy or otherwise undesirable.
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Non-buildable virtual packages
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Virtual packages in Spack can also be specified as not buildable, and
+external implementations can be provided. In the example above,
+OpenMPI is configured as not buildable, but Spack will often prefer
+other MPI implementations over the externally available OpenMPI. Spack
+can be configured with every MPI provider not buildable individually,
+but more conveniently:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     mpi:
+       buildable: False
+     openmpi:
+       externals:
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
+
+Spack can then use any of the listed external implementations of MPI
+to satisfy a dependency, and will choose depending on the compiler and
+architecture.
+
+In cases where the concretizer is configured to reuse specs, and other ``mpi`` providers
+(available via stores or buildcaches) are not wanted, Spack can be configured to require
+specs matching only the available externals:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     mpi:
+       buildable: False
+       require:
+       - one_of: [
+           "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64",
+           "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug",
+           "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         ]
+     openmpi:
+       externals:
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
+       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
+         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
+
+This configuration prevents any spec using MPI and originating from stores or buildcaches to be reused,
+unless it matches the requirements under ``packages:mpi:require``. For more information on requirements see
+:ref:`package-requirements`.
+
+.. _cmd-spack-external-find:
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Automatically Find External Packages
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can run the :ref:`spack external find <spack-external-find>` command
+to search for system-provided packages and add them to ``packages.yaml``.
+After running this command your ``packages.yaml`` may include new entries:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     cmake:
+       externals:
+       - spec: cmake@3.17.2
+         prefix: /usr
+
+Generally this is useful for detecting a small set of commonly-used packages;
+for now this is generally limited to finding build-only dependencies.
+Specific limitations include:
+
+* Packages are not discoverable by default: For a package to be
+  discoverable with ``spack external find``, it needs to add special
+  logic. See :ref:`here <make-package-findable>` for more details.
+* The logic does not search through module files, it can only detect
+  packages with executables defined in ``PATH``; you can help Spack locate
+  externals which use module files by loading any associated modules for
+  packages that you want Spack to know about before running
+  ``spack external find``.
+* Spack does not overwrite existing entries in the package configuration:
+  If there is an external defined for a spec at any configuration scope,
+  then Spack will not add a new external entry (``spack config blame packages``
+  can help locate all external entries).
 
 .. _concretizer-options:
 
-==========================================
-Concretization Settings (concretizer.yaml)
-==========================================
+----------------------
+Concretizer options
+----------------------
 
-The ``concretizer.yaml`` configuration file allows to customize aspects of the
-algorithm used to select the dependencies you install. The default configuration
-is the following:
+``packages.yaml`` gives the concretizer preferences for specific packages,
+but you can also use ``concretizer.yaml`` to customize aspects of the
+algorithm it uses to select the dependencies you install:
 
 .. literalinclude:: _spack_root/etc/spack/defaults/concretizer.yaml
    :language: yaml
 
---------------------------------
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Reuse already installed packages
---------------------------------
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 The ``reuse`` attribute controls whether Spack will prefer to use installed packages (``true``), or
 whether it will do a "fresh" installation and prefer the latest settings from
@@ -37,18 +265,14 @@ to enable reuse for a single installation, and you can use:
    spack install --fresh <spec>
 
 to do a fresh install if ``reuse`` is enabled by default.
-``reuse: dependencies`` is the default.
+``reuse: true`` is the default.
 
-.. seealso::
-
-   FAQ: :ref:`Why does Spack pick particular versions and variants? <faq-concretizer-precedence>`
-
-------------------------------------------
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Selection of the target microarchitectures
-------------------------------------------
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 The options under the ``targets`` attribute control which targets are considered during a solve.
-Currently the options in this section are only configurable from the ``concretizer.yaml`` file
+Currently the options in this section are only configurable from the ``concretization.yaml`` file
 and there are no corresponding command line arguments to enable them for a single solve.
 
 The ``granularity`` option can take two possible values: ``microarchitectures`` and ``generic``.
@@ -78,28 +302,254 @@ microarchitectures considered during the solve are constrained to be compatible
 host Spack is currently running on. For instance, if this option is set to ``true``, a
 user cannot concretize for ``target=icelake`` while running on an Haswell node.
 
----------------
-Duplicate nodes
----------------
+.. _package-preferences:
 
-The ``duplicates`` attribute controls whether the DAG can contain multiple configurations of
-the same package. This is mainly relevant for build dependencies, which may have their version
-pinned by some nodes, and thus be required at different versions by different nodes in the same
-DAG.
+-------------------
+Package Preferences
+-------------------
 
-The ``strategy`` option controls how the solver deals with duplicates. If the value is ``none``,
-then a single configuration per package is allowed in the DAG. This means, for instance, that only
-a single ``cmake`` or a single ``py-setuptools`` version is allowed. The result would be a slightly
-faster concretization, at the expense of making a few specs unsolvable.
+Spack can be configured to prefer certain compilers, package
+versions, dependencies, and variants during concretization.
+The preferred configuration can be controlled via the
+``~/.spack/packages.yaml`` file for user configurations, or the
+``etc/spack/packages.yaml`` site configuration.
 
-If the value is ``minimal`` Spack will allow packages tagged as ``build-tools`` to have duplicates.
-This allows, for instance, to concretize specs whose nodes require different, and incompatible, ranges
-of some build tool. For instance, in the figure below the latest `py-shapely` requires a newer `py-setuptools`,
-while `py-numpy` still needs an older version:
+Here's an example ``packages.yaml`` file that sets preferred packages:
 
-.. figure::  images/shapely_duplicates.svg
-   :scale: 70 %
-   :align: center
+.. code-block:: yaml
 
-Up to Spack v0.20 ``duplicates:strategy:none`` was the default (and only) behavior. From Spack v0.21 the
-default behavior is ``duplicates:strategy:minimal``.
+   packages:
+     opencv:
+       compiler: [gcc@4.9]
+       variants: +debug
+     gperftools:
+       version: [2.2, 2.4, 2.3]
+     all:
+       compiler: [gcc@4.4.7, 'gcc@4.6:', intel, clang, pgi]
+       target: [sandybridge]
+       providers:
+         mpi: [mvapich2, mpich, openmpi]
+
+At a high level, this example is specifying how packages should be
+concretized.  The opencv package should prefer using GCC 4.9 and
+be built with debug options.  The gperftools package should prefer version
+2.2 over 2.4.  Every package on the system should prefer mvapich2 for
+its MPI and GCC 4.4.7 (except for opencv, which overrides this by preferring GCC 4.9).
+These options are used to fill in implicit defaults.  Any of them can be overwritten
+on the command line if explicitly requested.
+
+Each ``packages.yaml`` file begins with the string ``packages:`` and
+package names are specified on the next level. The special string ``all``
+applies settings to *all* packages. Underneath each package name is one
+or more components: ``compiler``, ``variants``, ``version``,
+``providers``, and ``target``.  Each component has an ordered list of
+spec ``constraints``, with earlier entries in the list being preferred
+over later entries.
+
+Sometimes a package installation may have constraints that forbid
+the first concretization rule, in which case Spack will use the first
+legal concretization rule.  Going back to the example, if a user
+requests gperftools 2.3 or later, then Spack will install version 2.4
+as the 2.4 version of gperftools is preferred over 2.3.
+
+An explicit concretization rule in the preferred section will always
+take preference over unlisted concretizations.  In the above example,
+xlc isn't listed in the compiler list.  Every listed compiler from
+gcc to pgi will thus be preferred over the xlc compiler.
+
+The syntax for the ``provider`` section differs slightly from other
+concretization rules.  A provider lists a value that packages may
+``depend_on`` (e.g, MPI) and a list of rules for fulfilling that
+dependency.
+
+.. _package-requirements:
+
+--------------------
+Package Requirements
+--------------------
+
+You can use the configuration to force the concretizer to choose
+specific properties for packages when building them. Like preferences,
+these are only applied when the package is required by some other
+request (e.g. if the package is needed as a dependency of a
+request to ``spack install``).
+
+An example of where this is useful is if you have a package that
+is normally built as a dependency but only under certain circumstances
+(e.g. only when a variant on a dependent is active): you can make
+sure that it always builds the way you want it to; this distinguishes
+package configuration requirements from constraints that you add to
+``spack install`` or to environments (in those cases, the associated
+packages are always built).
+
+The following is an example of how to enforce package properties in
+``packages.yaml``:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     libfabric:
+       require: "@1.13.2"
+     openmpi:
+       require:
+       - any_of: ["~cuda", "%gcc"]
+     mpich:
+      require:
+      - one_of: ["+cuda", "+rocm"]
+
+Requirements are expressed using Spec syntax (the same as what is provided
+to ``spack install``). In the simplest case, you can specify attributes
+that you always want the package to have by providing a single spec to
+``require``; in the above example, ``libfabric`` will always build
+with version 1.13.2.
+
+You can provide a more-relaxed constraint and allow the concretizer to
+choose between a set of options using ``any_of`` or ``one_of``:
+
+* ``any_of`` is a list of specs. One of those specs must be satisfied
+  and it is also allowed for the concretized spec to match more than one.
+  In the above example, that means you could build ``openmpi+cuda%gcc``,
+  ``openmpi~cuda%clang`` or ``openmpi~cuda%gcc`` (in the last case,
+  note that both specs in the ``any_of`` for ``openmpi`` are
+  satisfied).
+* ``one_of`` is also a list of specs, and the final concretized spec
+  must match exactly one of them.  In the above example, that means
+  you could build ``mpich+cuda`` or ``mpich+rocm`` but not
+  ``mpich+cuda+rocm`` (note the current package definition for
+  ``mpich`` already includes a conflict, so this is redundant but
+  still demonstrates the concept).
+
+.. note::
+
+   For ``any_of`` and ``one_of``, the order of specs indicates a
+   preference: items that appear earlier in the list are preferred
+   (note that these preferences can be ignored in favor of others).
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Setting default requirements
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can also set default requirements for all packages under ``all``
+like this:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     all:
+       require: '%clang'
+
+which means every spec will be required to use ``clang`` as a compiler.
+
+Note that in this case ``all`` represents a *default set of requirements* -
+if there are specific package requirements, then the default requirements
+under ``all`` are disregarded. For example, with a configuration like this:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     all:
+       require: '%clang'
+     cmake:
+       require: '%gcc'
+
+Spack requires ``cmake`` to use ``gcc`` and all other nodes (including cmake dependencies)
+to use ``clang``.
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Setting requirements on virtual specs
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+A requirement on a virtual spec applies whenever that virtual is present in the DAG. This
+can be useful for fixing which virtual provider you want to use:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     mpi:
+       require: 'mvapich2 %gcc'
+
+With the configuration above the only allowed ``mpi`` provider is ``mvapich2 %gcc``.
+
+Requirements on the virtual spec and on the specific provider are both applied, if present. For
+instance with a configuration like:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   packages:
+     mpi:
+       require: 'mvapich2 %gcc'
+     mvapich2:
+       require: '~cuda'
+
+you will use ``mvapich2~cuda %gcc`` as an ``mpi`` provider.
+
+.. _package_permissions:
+
+-------------------
+Package Permissions
+-------------------
+
+Spack can be configured to assign permissions to the files installed
+by a package.
+
+In the ``packages.yaml`` file under ``permissions``, the attributes
+``read``, ``write``, and ``group`` control the package
+permissions. These attributes can be set per-package, or for all
+packages under ``all``. If permissions are set under ``all`` and for a
+specific package, the package-specific settings take precedence.
+
+The ``read`` and ``write`` attributes take one of ``user``, ``group``,
+and ``world``.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  packages:
+    all:
+      permissions:
+        write: group
+        group: spack
+    my_app:
+      permissions:
+        read: group
+        group: my_team
+
+The permissions settings describe the broadest level of access to
+installations of the specified packages. The execute permissions of
+the file are set to the same level as read permissions for those files
+that are executable. The default setting for ``read`` is ``world``,
+and for ``write`` is ``user``. In the example above, installations of
+``my_app`` will be installed with user and group permissions but no
+world permissions, and owned by the group ``my_team``. All other
+packages will be installed with user and group write privileges, and
+world read privileges. Those packages will be owned by the group
+``spack``.
+
+The ``group`` attribute assigns a Unix-style group to a package. All
+files installed by the package will be owned by the assigned group,
+and the sticky group bit will be set on the install prefix and all
+directories inside the install prefix. This will ensure that even
+manually placed files within the install prefix are owned by the
+assigned group. If no group is assigned, Spack will allow the OS
+default behavior to go as expected.
+
+----------------------------
+Assigning Package Attributes
+----------------------------
+
+You can assign class-level attributes in the configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  packages:
+    mpileaks:
+      # Override existing attributes
+      url: http://www.somewhereelse.com/mpileaks-1.0.tar.gz
+      # ... or add new ones
+      x: 1
+
+Attributes set this way will be accessible to any method executed
+in the package.py file (e.g. the ``install()`` method). Values for these
+attributes may be any value parseable by yaml.
+
+These can only be applied to specific packages, not "all" or
+virtual packages.

lib/spack/docs/build_systems.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/autotoolspackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ check out a commit from the ``master`` branch, you would want to add:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("autoconf", type="build", when="@master")
-   depends_on("automake", type="build", when="@master")
-   depends_on("libtool",  type="build", when="@master")
+   depends_on('autoconf', type='build', when='@master')
+   depends_on('automake', type='build', when='@master')
+   depends_on('libtool',  type='build', when='@master')
 
 It is typically redundant to list the ``m4`` macro processor package as a
 dependency, since ``autoconf`` already depends on it.
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ example, the ``bash`` shell is used to run the ``autogen.sh`` script.
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def autoreconf(self, spec, prefix):
-       which("bash")("autogen.sh")
+       which('bash')('autogen.sh')
 
 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 patching configure or Makefile.in files
@@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ To opt out of this feature, use the following setting:
 To enable it conditionally on different architectures, define a property and
 make the package depend on ``gnuconfig`` as a build dependency:
 
-.. code-block:: python
+.. code-block
 
-   depends_on("gnuconfig", when="@1.0:")
+   depends_on('gnuconfig', when='@1.0:')
 
    @property
    def patch_config_files(self):
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ version, this can be done like so:
 
    @property
    def force_autoreconf(self):
-       return self.version == Version("1.2.3")
+       return self.version == Version('1.2.3')
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Finding configure flags
@@ -278,22 +278,13 @@ function like so:
    def configure_args(self):
        args = []
 
-       if self.spec.satisfies("+mpi"):
-           args.append("--enable-mpi")
+       if '+mpi' in self.spec:
+           args.append('--enable-mpi')
        else:
-           args.append("--disable-mpi")
+           args.append('--disable-mpi')
 
        return args
 
-
-Alternatively, you can use the :ref:`enable_or_disable  <autotools_enable_or_disable>` helper:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   def configure_args(self):
-       return [self.enable_or_disable("mpi")]
-
-
 Note that we are explicitly disabling MPI support if it is not
 requested. This is important, as many Autotools packages will enable
 options by default if the dependencies are found, and disable them
@@ -304,11 +295,9 @@ and `here <https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Project:Quality_Assurance/Automagic_depe
 for a rationale as to why these so-called "automagic" dependencies
 are a problem.
 
-.. note::
-
-   By default, Autotools installs packages to ``/usr``. We don't want this,
-   so Spack automatically adds ``--prefix=/path/to/installation/prefix``
-   to your list of ``configure_args``. You don't need to add this yourself.
+By default, Autotools installs packages to ``/usr``. We don't want this,
+so Spack automatically adds ``--prefix=/path/to/installation/prefix``
+to your list of ``configure_args``. You don't need to add this yourself.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Helper functions
@@ -319,8 +308,6 @@ You may have noticed that most of the Autotools flags are of the form
 ``--without-baz``. Since these flags are so common, Spack provides a
 couple of helper functions to make your life easier.
 
-.. _autotools_enable_or_disable:
-
 """""""""""""""""
 enable_or_disable
 """""""""""""""""
@@ -332,11 +319,11 @@ typically used to enable or disable some feature within the package.
 .. code-block:: python
 
    variant(
-       "memchecker",
+       'memchecker',
        default=False,
-       description="Memchecker support for debugging [degrades performance]"
+       description='Memchecker support for debugging [degrades performance]'
    )
-   config_args.extend(self.enable_or_disable("memchecker"))
+   config_args.extend(self.enable_or_disable('memchecker'))
 
 In this example, specifying the variant ``+memchecker`` will generate
 the following configuration options:
@@ -356,15 +343,15 @@ the ``with_or_without`` method.
 .. code-block:: python
 
    variant(
-       "schedulers",
+       'schedulers',
        values=disjoint_sets(
-           ("auto",), ("alps", "lsf", "tm", "slurm", "sge", "loadleveler")
-       ).with_non_feature_values("auto", "none"),
+           ('auto',), ('alps', 'lsf', 'tm', 'slurm', 'sge', 'loadleveler')
+       ).with_non_feature_values('auto', 'none'),
        description="List of schedulers for which support is enabled; "
        "'auto' lets openmpi determine",
    )
-   if not spec.satisfies("schedulers=auto"):
-       config_args.extend(self.with_or_without("schedulers"))
+   if 'schedulers=auto' not in spec:
+       config_args.extend(self.with_or_without('schedulers'))
 
 In this example, specifying the variant ``schedulers=slurm,sge`` will
 generate the following configuration options:
@@ -389,16 +376,16 @@ generated, using the ``activation_value`` argument to
 .. code-block:: python
 
    variant(
-      "fabrics",
+      'fabrics',
        values=disjoint_sets(
-           ("auto",), ("psm", "psm2", "verbs", "mxm", "ucx", "libfabric")
-       ).with_non_feature_values("auto", "none"),
+           ('auto',), ('psm', 'psm2', 'verbs', 'mxm', 'ucx', 'libfabric')
+       ).with_non_feature_values('auto', 'none'),
        description="List of fabrics that are enabled; "
        "'auto' lets openmpi determine",
    )
-   if not spec.satisfies("fabrics=auto"):
-       config_args.extend(self.with_or_without("fabrics",
-           activation_value="prefix"))
+   if 'fabrics=auto' not in spec:
+       config_args.extend(self.with_or_without('fabrics',
+           activation_value='prefix'))
 
 ``activation_value`` accepts a callable that generates the configure
 parameter value given the variant value; but the special value
@@ -422,16 +409,16 @@ When Spack variants and configure flags do not correspond one-to-one, the
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   variant("debug_tools", default=False)
-   config_args += self.enable_or_disable("debug-tools", variant="debug_tools")
+   variant('debug_tools', default=False)
+   config_args += self.enable_or_disable('debug-tools', variant='debug_tools')
 
 Or when one variant controls multiple flags:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   variant("debug_tools", default=False)
-   config_args += self.with_or_without("memchecker", variant="debug_tools")
-   config_args += self.with_or_without("profiler", variant="debug_tools")
+   variant('debug_tools', default=False)
+   config_args += self.with_or_without('memchecker', variant='debug_tools')
+   config_args += self.with_or_without('profiler', variant='debug_tools')
 
 
 """"""""""""""""""""
@@ -445,8 +432,8 @@ For example:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   variant("profiler", when="@2.0:")
-   config_args += self.with_or_without("profiler")
+   variant('profiler', when='@2.0:')
+   config_args += self.with_or_without('profiler')
 
 will neither add ``--with-profiler`` nor ``--without-profiler`` when the version is
 below ``2.0``.
@@ -465,10 +452,10 @@ the variant values require atypical behavior.
    def with_or_without_verbs(self, activated):
        # Up through version 1.6, this option was named --with-openib.
        # In version 1.7, it was renamed to be --with-verbs.
-       opt = "verbs" if self.spec.satisfies("@1.7:") else "openib"
+       opt = 'verbs' if self.spec.satisfies('@1.7:') else 'openib'
        if not activated:
-           return f"--without-{opt}"
-       return f"--with-{opt}={self.spec['rdma-core'].prefix}"
+           return '--without-{0}'.format(opt)
+       return '--with-{0}={1}'.format(opt, self.spec['rdma-core'].prefix)
 
 Defining ``with_or_without_verbs`` overrides the behavior of a
 ``fabrics=verbs`` variant, changing the configure-time option to
@@ -492,7 +479,7 @@ do this like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   configure_directory = "src"
+   configure_directory = 'src'
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Building out of source
@@ -504,7 +491,7 @@ This can be done using the ``build_directory`` variable:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_directory = "spack-build"
+   build_directory = 'spack-build'
 
 By default, Spack will build the package in the same directory that
 contains the ``configure`` script
@@ -527,8 +514,8 @@ library or build the documentation, you can add these like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_targets = ["all", "docs"]
-   install_targets = ["install", "docs"]
+   build_targets = ['all', 'docs']
+   install_targets = ['install', 'docs']
 
 ^^^^^^^
 Testing

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/bundlepackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -9,32 +9,9 @@
 Bundle
 ------
 
-``BundlePackage`` represents a set of packages that are expected to work
-well together, such as a collection of commonly used software libraries.
-The associated software is specified as dependencies.
-
-If it makes sense, variants, conflicts, and requirements can be added to
-the package. :ref:`Variants <variants>` ensure that common build options
-are consistent across the packages supporting them.  :ref:`Conflicts
-and requirements <packaging_conflicts>` prevent attempts to build with known
-bugs or limitations.
-
-For example, if ``MyBundlePackage`` is known to only build on ``linux``,
-it could use the ``require`` directive as follows:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    require("platform=linux", msg="MyBundlePackage only builds on linux")
-
-Spack has a number of built-in bundle packages, such as:
-
-* `AmdAocl <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/amd-aocl/package.py>`_
-* `EcpProxyApps <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/ecp-proxy-apps/package.py>`_
-* `Libc <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/libc/package.py>`_
-* `Xsdk <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/xsdk/package.py>`_
-
-where ``Xsdk`` also inherits from ``CudaPackage`` and ``RocmPackage`` and
-``Libc`` is a virtual bundle package for the C standard library.
+``BundlePackage`` represents a set of packages that are expected to work well
+together, such as a collection of commonly used software libraries.  The
+associated software is specified as bundle dependencies.
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/cachedcmakepackage.rst

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2021 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 .. _cachedcmakepackage:
 
------------
-CachedCMake
------------
+------------------
+CachedCMakePackage
+------------------
 
 The CachedCMakePackage base class is used for CMake-based workflows
 that create a CMake cache file prior to running ``cmake``. This is
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ A typical usage of these methods may look something like this:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   def initconfig_mpi_entries(self):
+   def initconfig_mpi_entries(self)
        # Get existing MPI configurations
        entries = super(self, Foo).initconfig_mpi_entries()
 
@@ -95,25 +95,25 @@ A typical usage of these methods may look something like this:
        # This spec has an MPI variant, and we need to enable MPI when it is on.
        # This hypothetical package controls MPI with the ``FOO_MPI`` option to
        # cmake.
-       if self.spec.satisfies("+mpi"):
-           entries.append(cmake_cache_option("FOO_MPI", True, "enable mpi"))
+       if '+mpi' in self.spec:
+           entries.append(cmake_cache_option('FOO_MPI', True, "enable mpi"))
        else:
-           entries.append(cmake_cache_option("FOO_MPI", False, "disable mpi"))
+           entries.append(cmake_cache_option('FOO_MPI', False, "disable mpi"))
 
    def initconfig_package_entries(self):
        # Package specific options
        entries = []
 
-       entries.append("#Entries for build options")
+       entries.append('#Entries for build options')
 
-       bar_on = self.spec.satisfies("+bar")
-       entries.append(cmake_cache_option("FOO_BAR", bar_on, "toggle bar"))
+       bar_on = '+bar' in self.spec
+       entries.append(cmake_cache_option('FOO_BAR', bar_on, 'toggle bar'))
 
-       entries.append("#Entries for dependencies")
+       entries.append('#Entries for dependencies')
 
-       if self.spec["blas"].name == "baz":  # baz is our blas provider
-           entries.append(cmake_cache_string("FOO_BLAS", "baz", "Use baz"))
-           entries.append(cmake_cache_path("BAZ_PREFIX", self.spec["baz"].prefix))
+       if self.spec['blas'].name == 'baz':  # baz is our blas provider
+       entries.append(cmake_cache_string('FOO_BLAS', 'baz', 'Use baz'))
+       entries.append(cmake_cache_path('BAZ_PREFIX', self.spec['baz'].prefix))
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 External documentation

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/cmakepackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class already contains:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("cmake", type="build")
+   depends_on('cmake', type='build')
 
 
 If you need to specify a particular version requirement, you can
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ override this in your package:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("cmake@2.8.12:", type="build")
+   depends_on('cmake@2.8.12:', type='build')
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ and without the :meth:`~spack.build_systems.cmake.CMakeBuilder.define` and
 
    def cmake_args(self):
        args = [
-           "-DWHATEVER:STRING=somevalue",
-           self.define("ENABLE_BROKEN_FEATURE", False),
-           self.define_from_variant("DETECT_HDF5", "hdf5"),
-           self.define_from_variant("THREADS"), # True if +threads
+           '-DWHATEVER:STRING=somevalue',
+           self.define('ENABLE_BROKEN_FEATURE', False),
+           self.define_from_variant('DETECT_HDF5', 'hdf5'),
+           self.define_from_variant('THREADS'), # True if +threads
        ]
 
        return args
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ and CMake simply ignores the empty command line argument. For example the follow
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   variant("example", default=True, when="@2.0:")
+   variant('example', default=True, when='@2.0:')
 
    def cmake_args(self):
-      return [self.define_from_variant("EXAMPLE", "example")]
+      return [self.define_from_variant('EXAMPLE', 'example')]
 
 will generate ``'cmake' '-DEXAMPLE=ON' ...`` when `@2.0: +example` is met, but will
 result in ``'cmake' '' ...`` when the spec version is below ``2.0``.
@@ -193,9 +193,9 @@ a variant to control this:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   variant("build_type", default="RelWithDebInfo",
-           description="CMake build type",
-           values=("Debug", "Release", "RelWithDebInfo", "MinSizeRel"))
+   variant('build_type', default='RelWithDebInfo',
+           description='CMake build type',
+           values=('Debug', 'Release', 'RelWithDebInfo', 'MinSizeRel'))
 
 However, not every CMake package accepts all four of these options.
 Grep the ``CMakeLists.txt`` file to see if the default values are
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ package overrides the default variant with:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   variant("build_type", default="DebugRelease",
-           description="The build type to build",
-           values=("Debug", "Release", "DebugRelease"))
+   variant('build_type', default='DebugRelease',
+           description='The build type to build',
+           values=('Debug', 'Release', 'DebugRelease'))
 
 For more information on ``CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE``, see:
 https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE.html
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ generator is Ninja. To switch to the Ninja generator, simply add:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   generator("ninja")
+   generator = 'Ninja'
 
 
 ``CMakePackage`` defaults to "Unix Makefiles". If you switch to the
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Ninja generator, make sure to add:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("ninja", type="build")
+   depends_on('ninja', type='build')
 
 to the package as well. Aside from that, you shouldn't need to do
 anything else. Spack will automatically detect that you are using
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   root_cmakelists_dir = "src"
+   root_cmakelists_dir = 'src'
 
 
 Note that this path is relative to the root of the extracted tarball,
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ different sub-directory, simply override ``build_directory`` like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_directory = "my-build"
+   build_directory = 'my-build'
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Build and install targets
@@ -324,8 +324,8 @@ library or build the documentation, you can add these like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_targets = ["all", "docs"]
-   install_targets = ["install", "docs"]
+   build_targets = ['all', 'docs']
+   install_targets = ['install', 'docs']
 
 ^^^^^^^
 Testing

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/cudapackage.rst

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 .. _cudapackage:
 
-----
-Cuda
-----
+-----------
+CudaPackage
+-----------
 
 Different from other packages, ``CudaPackage`` does not represent a build system.
 Instead its goal is to simplify and unify usage of ``CUDA`` in other packages by providing a `mixin-class <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixin>`_.
@@ -28,14 +28,11 @@ This package provides the following variants:
 
 * **cuda_arch**
 
-  This variant supports the optional specification of one or multiple architectures.
+  This variant supports the optional specification of the architecture.
   Valid values are maintained in the ``cuda_arch_values`` property and
   are the numeric character equivalent of the compute capability version
   (e.g., '10' for version 1.0). Each provided value affects associated
   ``CUDA`` dependencies and compiler conflicts.
-  
-  The variant builds both PTX code for the _virtual_ architecture
-  (e.g. ``compute_10``) and binary code for the _real_ architecture (e.g. ``sm_10``).
 
   GPUs and their compute capability versions are listed at
   https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus .
@@ -54,8 +51,8 @@ to terminate such build attempts with a suitable message:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-    conflicts("cuda_arch=none", when="+cuda",
-              msg="CUDA architecture is required")
+    conflicts('cuda_arch=none', when='+cuda',
+              msg='CUDA architecture is required')
 
 Similarly, if your software does not support all versions of the property,
 you could add ``conflicts`` to your package for those versions.  For example,
@@ -66,13 +63,13 @@ custom message should a user attempt such a build:
 .. code-block:: python
 
     unsupported_cuda_archs = [
-        "10", "11", "12", "13",
-        "20", "21",
-        "30", "32", "35", "37"
+        '10', '11', '12', '13',
+        '20', '21',
+        '30', '32', '35', '37'
     ]
     for value in unsupported_cuda_archs:
-        conflicts(f"cuda_arch={value}", when="+cuda",
-                  msg=f"CUDA architecture {value} is not supported")
+        conflicts('cuda_arch={0}'.format(value), when='+cuda',
+                  msg='CUDA architecture {0} is not supported'.format(value))
 
 ^^^^^^^
 Methods
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ standard CUDA compiler flags.
 
 **cuda_flags**
 
-    This built-in static method returns a list of command line flags
+    This built-in static method returns a list of command line flags 
     for the chosen ``cuda_arch`` value(s).  The flags are intended to
     be passed to the CUDA compiler driver (i.e., ``nvcc``).
 
@@ -107,16 +104,16 @@ class of your package.  For example, you can add it to your
             spec = self.spec
             args = []
             ...
-            if spec.satisfies("+cuda"):
+            if '+cuda' in spec:
                 # Set up the cuda macros needed by the build
-                args.append("-DWITH_CUDA=ON")
-                cuda_arch_list = spec.variants["cuda_arch"].value
+                args.append('-DWITH_CUDA=ON')
+                cuda_arch_list = spec.variants['cuda_arch'].value
                 cuda_arch = cuda_arch_list[0]
-                if cuda_arch != "none":
-                    args.append(f"-DCUDA_FLAGS=-arch=sm_{cuda_arch}")
+                if cuda_arch != 'none':
+                    args.append('-DCUDA_FLAGS=-arch=sm_{0}'.format(cuda_arch))
             else:
                 # Ensure build with cuda is disabled
-                args.append("-DWITH_CUDA=OFF")
+                args.append('-DWITH_CUDA=OFF')
             ...
             return args
 
@@ -125,7 +122,7 @@ You will need to customize options as needed for your build.
 
 This example also illustrates how to check for the ``cuda`` variant using
 ``self.spec`` and how to retrieve the ``cuda_arch`` variant's value, which
-is a list, using ``self.spec.variants["cuda_arch"].value``.
+is a list, using ``self.spec.variants['cuda_arch'].value``.
 
 With over 70 packages using ``CudaPackage`` as of January 2021 there are
 lots of examples to choose from to get more ideas for using this package.

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/custompackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ If you look at the ``perl`` package, you'll see:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   phases = ["configure", "build", "install"]
+   phases = ['configure', 'build', 'install']
 
 Similarly, ``cmake`` defines:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   phases = ["bootstrap", "build", "install"]
+   phases = ['bootstrap', 'build', 'install']
 
 If we look at the ``cmake`` example, this tells Spack's ``PackageBase``
 class to run the ``bootstrap``, ``build``, and ``install`` functions
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ If we look at ``perl``, we see that it defines a ``configure`` method:
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def configure(self, spec, prefix):
-       configure = Executable("./Configure")
+       configure = Executable('./Configure')
        configure(*self.configure_args())
 
 There is also a corresponding ``configure_args`` function that handles
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ phases are pretty simple:
        make()
 
    def install(self, spec, prefix):
-       make("install")
+       make('install')
 
 The ``cmake`` package looks very similar, but with a ``bootstrap``
 function instead of ``configure``:
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ function instead of ``configure``:
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def bootstrap(self, spec, prefix):
-       bootstrap = Executable("./bootstrap")
+       bootstrap = Executable('./bootstrap')
        bootstrap(*self.bootstrap_args())
 
    def build(self, spec, prefix):
        make()
 
    def install(self, spec, prefix):
-       make("install")
+       make('install')
 
 Again, there is a ``boostrap_args`` function that determines the
 correct bootstrap flags to use.
@@ -128,16 +128,16 @@ before or after a particular phase. For example, in ``perl``, we see:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   @run_after("install")
+   @run_after('install')
    def install_cpanm(self):
        spec = self.spec
 
-       if spec.satisfies("+cpanm"):
-           with working_dir(join_path("cpanm", "cpanm")):
-               perl = spec["perl"].command
-               perl("Makefile.PL")
+       if '+cpanm' in spec:
+           with working_dir(join_path('cpanm', 'cpanm')):
+               perl = spec['perl'].command
+               perl('Makefile.PL')
                make()
-               make("install")
+               make('install')
 
 This extra step automatically installs ``cpanm`` in addition to the
 base Perl installation.
@@ -174,10 +174,10 @@ In the ``perl`` package, we can see:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   @run_after("build")
+   @run_after('build')
    @on_package_attributes(run_tests=True)
    def test(self):
-       make("test")
+       make('test')
 
 As you can guess, this runs ``make test`` *after* building the package,
 if and only if testing is requested. Again, this is not specific to
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ custom build systems, it can be added to existing build systems as well.
 
    .. code-block:: python
 
-      @run_after("install")
+      @run_after('install')
       @on_package_attributes(run_tests=True)
 
    works as expected. However, if you reverse the ordering:
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ custom build systems, it can be added to existing build systems as well.
    .. code-block:: python
 
       @on_package_attributes(run_tests=True)
-      @run_after("install")
+      @run_after('install')
 
    the tests will always be run regardless of whether or not
    ``--test=root`` is requested. See https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/3833

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/inteloneapipackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 .. _inteloneapipackage:
 
 
-===========
-IntelOneapi
-===========
+====================
+ IntelOneapiPackage
+====================
 
 
 .. contents::
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ use Spack to build packages with the tools.
 The Spack Python class ``IntelOneapiPackage`` is a base class that is
 used by ``IntelOneapiCompilers``, ``IntelOneapiMkl``,
 ``IntelOneapiTbb`` and other classes to implement the oneAPI
-packages. Search for ``oneAPI`` at `<packages.spack.io>`_ for the full
-list of available oneAPI packages, or use::
+packages. See the :ref:`package-list` for the full list of available
+oneAPI packages or use::
 
   spack list -d oneAPI
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ For more information on a specific package, do::
 
 Intel no longer releases new versions of Parallel Studio, which can be
 used in Spack via the :ref:`intelpackage`. All of its components can
-now be found in oneAPI.
+now be found in oneAPI. 
 
 Examples
 ========
@@ -53,24 +53,18 @@ Install the oneAPI compilers::
 
 Add the compilers to your ``compilers.yaml`` so spack can use them::
 
-  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/bin
+  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64
+  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/linux/bin
 
 Verify that the compilers are available::
 
   spack compiler list
 
-Note that 2024 and later releases do not include ``icc``. Before 2024,
-the package layout was different::
-  
-  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64
-  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/linux/bin
-
 The ``intel-oneapi-compilers`` package includes 2 families of
 compilers:
 
 * ``intel``: ``icc``, ``icpc``, ``ifort``. Intel's *classic*
-  compilers. 2024 and later releases contain ``ifort``, but not
-  ``icc`` and ``icpc``.
+  compilers.
 * ``oneapi``: ``icx``, ``icpx``, ``ifx``. Intel's new generation of
   compilers based on LLVM.
 
@@ -82,55 +76,6 @@ To build with with ``icx``, do ::
 
   spack install patchelf%oneapi
 
-
-Using oneAPI Spack environment
--------------------------------
-
-In this example, we build lammps with ``icx`` using Spack environment for oneAPI packages created by Intel. The
-compilers are installed with Spack like in example above.
-
-Install the oneAPI compilers::
-
-  spack install intel-oneapi-compilers
-
-Add the compilers to your ``compilers.yaml`` so Spack can use them::
-
-  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/bin
-  spack compiler add `spack location -i intel-oneapi-compilers`/compiler/latest/bin
-
-Verify that the compilers are available::
-
-  spack compiler list
-
-Clone `spack-configs <https://github.com/spack/spack-configs>`_ repo and activate Intel oneAPI CPU environment::
-
-  git clone https://github.com/spack/spack-configs
-  spack env activate spack-configs/INTEL/CPU
-  spack concretize -f
-
-`Intel oneAPI CPU environment <https://github.com/spack/spack-configs/blob/main/INTEL/CPU/spack.yaml>`_  contains applications tested and validated by Intel, this list is constantly extended. And currently it supports:
-
-- `Devito <https://www.devitoproject.org/>`_
-- `GROMACS <https://www.gromacs.org/>`_
-- `HPCG <https://www.hpcg-benchmark.org/>`_
-- `HPL <https://netlib.org/benchmark/hpl/>`_
-- `LAMMPS <https://www.lammps.org/#gsc.tab=0>`_
-- `OpenFOAM <https://www.openfoam.com/>`_
-- `Quantum Espresso <https://www.quantum-espresso.org/>`_
-- `STREAM <https://www.cs.virginia.edu/stream/>`_
-- `WRF <https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF>`_
-
-To build lammps with oneAPI compiler from this environment just run::
-
-  spack install lammps
-
-Compiled binaries can be find using::
-
-  spack cd -i lammps
-
-You can do the same for all other applications from this environment.
-
-
 Using oneAPI MPI to Satisfy a Virtual Dependence
 ------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -152,7 +97,8 @@ Compilers
 To use the compilers, add some information about the installation to
 ``compilers.yaml``. For most users, it is sufficient to do::
 
-  spack compiler add /opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/bin
+  spack compiler add /opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64
+  spack compiler add /opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin
 
 Adapt the paths above if you did not install the tools in the default
 location. After adding the compilers, using them is the same
@@ -161,12 +107,6 @@ Another option is to manually add the configuration to
 ``compilers.yaml`` as described in :ref:`Compiler configuration
 <compiler-config>`.
 
-Before 2024, the directory structure was different::
-  
-  spack compiler add /opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin/intel64
-  spack compiler add /opt/intel/oneapi/compiler/latest/linux/bin
-
-
 Libraries
 ---------
 
@@ -184,7 +124,7 @@ Using oneAPI Tools Installed by Spack
 =====================================
 
 Spack can be a convenient way to install and configure compilers and
-libraries, even if you do not intend to build a Spack package. If you
+libaries, even if you do not intend to build a Spack package. If you
 want to build a Makefile project using Spack-installed oneAPI compilers,
 then use spack to configure your environment::
 

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/intelpackage.rst

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 .. _intelpackage:
 
------
-Intel
------
+------------
+IntelPackage
+------------
 
 .. contents::
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ and optimizers do require a paid license.  In Spack, they are packaged as:
     TODO: Confirm and possible change(!) the scope of MPI components (runtime
     vs. devel) in current (and previous?) *cluster/professional/composer*
     editions, i.e., presence in downloads, possibly subject to license
-    coverage(!); see `discussion in PR #4300
+    coverage(!); see `disussion in PR #4300
     <https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/4300#issuecomment-305582898>`_.  [NB:
     An "mpi" subdirectory is not indicative of the full MPI SDK being present
     (i.e., ``mpicc``, ..., and header files).  The directory may just as well
@@ -392,12 +392,12 @@ See section
 :ref:`Configuration Scopes <configuration-scopes>`
 for an explanation about the different files
 and section
-:ref:`Build customization <packages-config>`
+:ref:`Build customization <build-settings>`
 for specifics and examples for ``packages.yaml`` files.
 
 .. If your system administrator did not provide modules for pre-installed Intel
    tools, you could do well to ask for them, because installing multiple copies
-   of the Intel tools, as is won't to happen once Spack is in the picture, is
+   of the Intel tools, as is wont to happen once Spack is in the picture, is
    bound to stretch disk space and patience thin. If you *are* the system
    administrator and are still new to modules, then perhaps it's best to follow
    the `next section <Installing Intel tools within Spack_>`_ and install the tools
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ follow `the next section <intel-install-libs_>`_ instead.
    * If you specified a custom variant (for example ``+vtune``) you may want to add this as your
      preferred variant in the packages configuration for the ``intel-parallel-studio`` package
      as described in :ref:`package-preferences`. Otherwise you will have to specify
-     the variant every time ``intel-parallel-studio`` is being used as ``mkl``, ``fftw`` or ``mpi``
+     the variant everytime ``intel-parallel-studio`` is being used as ``mkl``, ``fftw`` or ``mpi``
      implementation to avoid pulling in a different variant.
 
    * To set the Intel compilers for default use in Spack, instead of the usual ``%gcc``,
@@ -934,9 +934,9 @@ a *virtual* ``mkl`` package is declared in Spack.
   .. code-block:: python
 
      # Examples for absolute and conditional dependencies:
-     depends_on("mkl")
-     depends_on("mkl", when="+mkl")
-     depends_on("mkl", when="fftw=mkl")
+     depends_on('mkl')
+     depends_on('mkl', when='+mkl')
+     depends_on('mkl', when='fftw=mkl')
 
   The ``MKLROOT`` environment variable (part of the documented API) will be set
   during all stages of client package installation, and is available to both
@@ -972,8 +972,8 @@ a *virtual* ``mkl`` package is declared in Spack.
       def configure_args(self):
           args = []
           ...
-          args.append("--with-blas=%s" % self.spec["blas"].libs.ld_flags)
-          args.append("--with-lapack=%s" % self.spec["lapack"].libs.ld_flags)
+          args.append('--with-blas=%s' % self.spec['blas'].libs.ld_flags)
+          args.append('--with-lapack=%s' % self.spec['lapack'].libs.ld_flags)
           ...
 
   .. tip::
@@ -989,13 +989,13 @@ a *virtual* ``mkl`` package is declared in Spack.
 
   .. code-block:: python
 
-    self.spec["blas"].headers.include_flags
+    self.spec['blas'].headers.include_flags
 
   and to generate linker options (``-L<dir> -llibname ...``), use the same as above,
 
   .. code-block:: python
 
-    self.spec["blas"].libs.ld_flags
+    self.spec['blas'].libs.ld_flags
 
   See
   :ref:`MakefilePackage <makefilepackage>`

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/luapackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ override the ``luarocks_args`` method like so:
 .. code-block:: python
 
     def luarocks_args(self):
-        return ["flag1", "flag2"]
+        return ['flag1', 'flag2']
 
 One common use of this is to override warnings or flags for newer compilers, as in:
 

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/makefilepackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ using GNU Make, you should add a dependency on ``gmake``:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("gmake", type="build")
+   depends_on('gmake', type='build')
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ command-line. However, Makefiles that use ``?=`` for assignment honor
 environment variables. Since Spack already sets ``CC``, ``CXX``, ``F77``,
 and ``FC``, you won't need to worry about setting these variables. If
 there are any other variables you need to set, you can do this in the
-``setup_build_environment`` method:
+``edit`` method:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   def setup_build_environment(self, env):
-       env.set("PREFIX", prefix)
-       env.set("BLASLIB", spec["blas"].libs.ld_flags)
+   def edit(self, spec, prefix):
+       env['PREFIX'] = prefix
+       env['BLASLIB'] = spec['blas'].libs.ld_flags
 
 
 `cbench <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/cbench/package.py>`_
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ you can do this like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_targets = ["CC=cc"]
+   build_targets = ['CC=cc']
 
 
 If you do need access to the spec, you can create a property like so:
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ If you do need access to the spec, you can create a property like so:
        spec = self.spec
 
        return [
-           "CC=cc",
-           f"BLASLIB={spec['blas'].libs.ld_flags}",
+           'CC=cc',
+           'BLASLIB={0}'.format(spec['blas'].libs.ld_flags),
        ]
 
 
@@ -140,17 +140,17 @@ Edit Makefile
 Some Makefiles are just plain stubborn and will ignore command-line
 variables. The only way to ensure that these packages build correctly
 is to directly edit the Makefile. Spack provides a ``FileFilter`` class
-and a ``filter`` method to help with this. For example:
+and a ``filter_file`` method to help with this. For example:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def edit(self, spec, prefix):
-       makefile = FileFilter("Makefile")
+       makefile = FileFilter('Makefile')
 
-       makefile.filter(r"^\s*CC\s*=.*",  f"CC = {spack_cc}")
-       makefile.filter(r"^\s*CXX\s*=.*", f"CXX = {spack_cxx}")
-       makefile.filter(r"^\s*F77\s*=.*", f"F77 = {spack_f77}")
-       makefile.filter(r"^\s*FC\s*=.*",  f"FC = {spack_fc}")
+       makefile.filter(r'^\s*CC\s*=.*',  'CC = '  + spack_cc)
+       makefile.filter(r'^\s*CXX\s*=.*', 'CXX = ' + spack_cxx)
+       makefile.filter(r'^\s*F77\s*=.*', 'F77 = ' + spack_f77)
+       makefile.filter(r'^\s*FC\s*=.*',  'FC = '  + spack_fc)
 
 
 `stream <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/stream/package.py>`_
@@ -181,16 +181,16 @@ well for storing variables:
 
    def edit(self, spec, prefix):
        config = {
-           "CC": "cc",
-           "MAKE": "make",
+           'CC': 'cc',
+           'MAKE': 'make',
        }
 
-       if spec.satisfies("+blas"):
-           config["BLAS_LIBS"] = spec["blas"].libs.joined()
+       if '+blas' in spec:
+           config['BLAS_LIBS'] = spec['blas'].libs.joined()
 
-       with open("make.inc", "w") as inc:
+       with open('make.inc', 'w') as inc:
            for key in config:
-               inc.write(f"{key} = {config[key]}\n")
+               inc.write('{0} = {1}\n'.format(key, config[key]))
 
 
 `elk <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/elk/package.py>`_
@@ -204,14 +204,14 @@ them in a list:
 
    def edit(self, spec, prefix):
        config = [
-           f"INSTALL_DIR = {prefix}",
-           "INCLUDE_DIR = $(INSTALL_DIR)/include",
-           "LIBRARY_DIR = $(INSTALL_DIR)/lib",
+           'INSTALL_DIR = {0}'.format(prefix),
+           'INCLUDE_DIR = $(INSTALL_DIR)/include',
+           'LIBRARY_DIR = $(INSTALL_DIR)/lib',
        ]
 
-       with open("make.inc", "w") as inc:
+       with open('make.inc', 'w') as inc:
            for var in config:
-               inc.write(f"{var}\n")
+               inc.write('{0}\n'.format(var))
 
 
 `hpl <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/hpl/package.py>`_
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ can tell Spack where to locate it like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_directory = "src"
+   build_directory = 'src'
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -299,8 +299,8 @@ install the package:
 
    def install(self, spec, prefix):
        mkdir(prefix.bin)
-       install("foo", prefix.bin)
-       install_tree("lib", prefix.lib)
+       install('foo', prefix.bin)
+       install_tree('lib', prefix.lib)
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/mavenpackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ class automatically adds the following dependencies:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("java", type=("build", "run"))
-   depends_on("maven", type="build")
+   depends_on('java', type=('build', 'run'))
+   depends_on('maven', type='build')
 
 
 In the ``pom.xml`` file, you may see sections like:
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ should add:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("java@7:", type="build")
-   depends_on("maven@3.5.4:", type="build")
+   depends_on('java@7:', type='build')
+   depends_on('maven@3.5.4:', type='build')
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ the build phase. For example:
 
    def build_args(self):
        return [
-           "-Pdist,native",
-           "-Dtar",
-           "-Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true"
+           '-Pdist,native',
+           '-Dtar',
+           '-Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true'
        ]
 
 

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/mesonpackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ the ``MesonPackage`` base class already contains:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("meson", type="build")
-   depends_on("ninja", type="build")
+   depends_on('meson', type='build')
+   depends_on('ninja', type='build')
 
 
 If you need to specify a particular version requirement, you can
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ override this in your package:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("meson@0.43.0:", type="build")
-   depends_on("ninja", type="build")
+   depends_on('meson@0.43.0:', type='build')
+   depends_on('ninja', type='build')
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ override the ``meson_args`` method like so:
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def meson_args(self):
-       return ["--warnlevel=3"]
+       return ['--warnlevel=3']
 
 
 This method can be used to pass flags as well as variables.

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/octavepackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/perlpackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ so ``PerlPackage`` contains:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   extends("perl")
+   extends('perl')
 
 
 If your package requires a specific version of Perl, you should
@@ -132,14 +132,14 @@ properly. If your package uses ``Makefile.PL`` to build, add:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("perl-extutils-makemaker", type="build")
+   depends_on('perl-extutils-makemaker', type='build')
 
 
 If your package uses ``Build.PL`` to build, add:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("perl-module-build", type="build")
+   depends_on('perl-module-build', type='build')
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -165,80 +165,14 @@ arguments to ``Makefile.PL`` or ``Build.PL`` by overriding
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def configure_args(self):
-       expat = self.spec["expat"].prefix
+       expat = self.spec['expat'].prefix
 
        return [
-           "EXPATLIBPATH={0}".format(expat.lib),
-           "EXPATINCPATH={0}".format(expat.include),
+           'EXPATLIBPATH={0}'.format(expat.lib),
+           'EXPATINCPATH={0}'.format(expat.include),
        ]
 
 
-^^^^^^^
-Testing
-^^^^^^^
-
-``PerlPackage`` provides a simple stand-alone test of the successfully
-installed package to confirm that installed perl module(s) can be used.
-These tests can be performed any time after the installation using
-``spack -v test run``. (For more information on the command, see 
-:ref:`cmd-spack-test-run`.)
-
-The base class automatically detects perl modules based on the presence
-of ``*.pm`` files under the package's library directory. For example,
-the files under ``perl-bignum``'s perl library are:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ find . -name "*.pm"
-   ./bigfloat.pm
-   ./bigrat.pm
-   ./Math/BigFloat/Trace.pm
-   ./Math/BigInt/Trace.pm
-   ./Math/BigRat/Trace.pm
-   ./bigint.pm
-   ./bignum.pm
-
-
-which results in the package having the ``use_modules`` property containing:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   use_modules = [
-       "bigfloat",
-       "bigrat",
-       "Math::BigFloat::Trace",
-       "Math::BigInt::Trace",
-       "Math::BigRat::Trace",
-       "bigint",
-       "bignum",
-   ]
-
-.. note::
-
-   This list can often be used to catch missing dependencies.
-
-If the list is somehow wrong, you can provide the names of the modules
-yourself by overriding ``use_modules`` like so:
-
- .. code-block:: python
-
-    use_modules = ["bigfloat", "bigrat", "bigint", "bignum"]
-
-If you only want a subset of the automatically detected modules to be
-tested, you could instead define the ``skip_modules`` property on the
-package. So, instead of overriding ``use_modules`` as shown above, you
-could define the following:
-
- .. code-block:: python
-
-    skip_modules = [
-        "Math::BigFloat::Trace",
-        "Math::BigInt::Trace",
-        "Math::BigRat::Trace",
-    ]
-
-for the same use tests.
-
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Alternatives to Spack
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/pythonpackage.rst

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 .. _pythonpackage:
 
-------
-Python
-------
+-------------
+PythonPackage
+-------------
 
 Python packages and modules have their own special build system. This
 documentation covers everything you'll need to know in order to write
@@ -152,16 +152,16 @@ set. Once set, ``pypi`` will be used to define the ``homepage``,
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   homepage = "https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/"
-   url      = "https://pypi.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-49.2.0.zip"
-   list_url = "https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools/"
+   homepage = 'https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/'
+   url      = 'https://pypi.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-49.2.0.zip'
+   list_url = 'https://pypi.org/simple/setuptools/'
 
 
 is equivalent to:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   pypi = "setuptools/setuptools-49.2.0.zip"
+   pypi = 'setuptools/setuptools-49.2.0.zip'
 
 
 If a package has a different homepage listed on PyPI, you can
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ dependencies to your package:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("py-setuptools@42:", type="build")
+   depends_on('py-setuptools@42:', type='build')
 
 
 Note that ``py-wheel`` is already listed as a build dependency in the
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Look for dependencies under the following keys:
 * ``dependencies`` under ``[project]``
 
   These packages are required for building and installation. You can
-  add them with ``type=("build", "run")``.
+  add them with ``type=('build', 'run')``.
 
 * ``[project.optional-dependencies]``
 
@@ -279,12 +279,12 @@ distutils library, and has almost the exact same API. In addition to
 * ``setup_requires``
 
   These packages are usually only needed at build-time, so you can
-  add them with ``type="build"``.
+  add them with ``type='build'``.
 
 * ``install_requires``
 
   These packages are required for building and installation. You can
-  add them with ``type=("build", "run")``.
+  add them with ``type=('build', 'run')``.
 
 * ``extras_require``
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ distutils library, and has almost the exact same API. In addition to
 
   These are packages that are required to run the unit tests for the
   package. These dependencies can be specified using the
-  ``type="test"`` dependency type. However, the PyPI tarballs rarely
+  ``type='test'`` dependency type. However, the PyPI tarballs rarely
   contain unit tests, so there is usually no reason to add these.
 
 See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/dependency_management.html
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ older versions of flit may use the following keys:
 * ``requires`` under ``[tool.flit.metadata]``
 
   These packages are required for building and installation. You can
-  add them with ``type=("build", "run")``.
+  add them with ``type=('build', 'run')``.
 
 * ``[tool.flit.metadata.requires-extra]``
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ If the ``pyproject.toml`` lists ``mesonpy`` as the ``build-backend``,
 it uses the meson build system. Meson uses the default
 ``pyproject.toml`` keys to list dependencies.
 
-See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/introduction.html
+See https://meson-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage/start.html
 for more information.
 
 """
@@ -434,12 +434,12 @@ the BLAS/LAPACK library you want pkg-config to search for:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("py-pip@22.1:", type="build")
+   depends_on('py-pip@22.1:', type='build')
 
    def config_settings(self, spec, prefix):
        return {
-           "blas": spec["blas"].libs.names[0],
-           "lapack": spec["lapack"].libs.names[0],
+           'blas': spec['blas'].libs.names[0],
+           'lapack': spec['lapack'].libs.names[0],
        }
 
 
@@ -463,10 +463,10 @@ has an optional dependency on ``libyaml`` that can be enabled like so:
 
    def global_options(self, spec, prefix):
        options = []
-       if spec.satisfies("+libyaml"):
-           options.append("--with-libyaml")
+       if '+libyaml' in spec:
+           options.append('--with-libyaml')
        else:
-           options.append("--without-libyaml")
+           options.append('--without-libyaml')
        return options
 
 
@@ -492,10 +492,10 @@ allows you to specify the directories to search for ``libyaml``:
 
    def install_options(self, spec, prefix):
        options = []
-       if spec.satisfies("+libyaml"):
+       if '+libyaml' in spec:
            options.extend([
-               spec["libyaml"].libs.search_flags,
-               spec["libyaml"].headers.include_flags,
+               spec['libyaml'].libs.search_flags,
+               spec['libyaml'].headers.include_flags,
            ])
        return options
 
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ detected are wrong, you can provide the names yourself by overriding
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   import_modules = ["six"]
+   import_modules = ['six']
 
 
 Sometimes the list of module names to import depends on how the
@@ -571,9 +571,9 @@ This can be expressed like so:
 
    @property
    def import_modules(self):
-       modules = ["yaml"]
-       if self.spec.satisfies("+libyaml"):
-           modules.append("yaml.cyaml")
+       modules = ['yaml']
+       if '+libyaml' in self.spec:
+           modules.append('yaml.cyaml')
        return modules
 
 
@@ -582,18 +582,18 @@ libraries. Make sure not to add modules/packages containing the word
 "test", as these likely won't end up in the installation directory,
 or may require test dependencies like pytest to be installed.
 
-Instead of defining the ``import_modules`` explicitly, only the subset
+Instead of defining the ``import_modules`` explicity, only the subset
 of module names to be skipped can be defined by using ``skip_modules``.
 If a defined module has submodules, they are skipped as well, e.g.,
 in case the ``plotting`` modules should be excluded from the
-automatically detected ``import_modules`` ``["nilearn", "nilearn.surface",
-"nilearn.plotting", "nilearn.plotting.data"]`` set:
+automatically detected ``import_modules`` ``['nilearn', 'nilearn.surface',
+'nilearn.plotting', 'nilearn.plotting.data']`` set:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-        skip_modules = ["nilearn.plotting"]
+        skip_modules = ['nilearn.plotting']
 
-This will set ``import_modules`` to ``["nilearn", "nilearn.surface"]``
+This will set ``import_modules`` to ``['nilearn', 'nilearn.surface']``
 
 Import tests can be run during the installation using ``spack install
 --test=root`` or at any time after the installation using
@@ -612,11 +612,11 @@ after the ``install`` phase:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   @run_after("install")
+   @run_after('install')
    @on_package_attributes(run_tests=True)
    def install_test(self):
-       with working_dir("spack-test", create=True):
-           python("-c", "import numpy; numpy.test('full', verbose=2)")
+       with working_dir('spack-test', create=True):
+           python('-c', 'import numpy; numpy.test("full", verbose=2)')
 
 
 when testing is enabled during the installation (i.e., ``spack install
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ provides Python bindings in a ``python`` directory, you can use:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_directory = "python"
+   build_directory = 'python'
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -724,9 +724,10 @@ extends vs. depends_on
 
 This is very similar to the naming dilemma above, with a slight twist.
 As mentioned in the :ref:`Packaging Guide <packaging_extensions>`,
-``extends`` and ``depends_on`` are very similar, but ``extends`` ensures
-that the extension and extendee share the same prefix in views.
-This allows the user to import a Python module without
+``extends`` and ``depends_on`` are very similar, but ``extends`` adds
+the ability to *activate* the package. Activation involves symlinking
+everything in the installation prefix of the package to the installation
+prefix of Python. This allows the user to import a Python module without
 having to add that module to ``PYTHONPATH``.
 
 When deciding between ``extends`` and ``depends_on``, the best rule of
@@ -734,7 +735,7 @@ thumb is to check the installation prefix. If Python libraries are
 installed to ``<prefix>/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages``, then you
 should use ``extends``. If Python libraries are installed elsewhere
 or the only files that get installed reside in ``<prefix>/bin``, then
-don't use ``extends``.
+don't use ``extends``, as symlinking the package wouldn't be useful.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Alternatives to Spack

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/qmakepackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ base class already contains:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("qt", type="build")
+   depends_on('qt', type='build')
 
 
 If you want to specify a particular version requirement, or need to
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ link to the ``qt`` libraries, you can override this in your package:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("qt@5.6.0:")
+   depends_on('qt@5.6.0:')
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Passing arguments to qmake
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ override the ``qmake_args`` method like so:
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def qmake_args(self):
-       return ["-recursive"]
+       return ['-recursive']
 
 
 This method can be used to pass flags as well as variables.
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ sub-directory by adding the following to the package:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   build_directory = "src"
+   build_directory = 'src'
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/racketpackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2021 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/rocmpackage.rst

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 .. _rocmpackage:
 
-----
-ROCm
-----
+-----------
+ROCmPackage
+-----------
 
 The ``ROCmPackage`` is not a build system but a helper package. Like ``CudaPackage``,
 it provides standard variants, dependencies, and conflicts to facilitate building
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ This package provides the following variants:
 
 * **rocm**
 
-  This variant is used to enable/disable building with ``rocm``.
+  This variant is used to enable/disable building with ``rocm``.  
   The default is disabled (or ``False``).
 
 * **amdgpu_target**
@@ -81,27 +81,28 @@ class of your package.  For example, you can add it to your
     class MyRocmPackage(CMakePackage, ROCmPackage):
         ...
         # Ensure +rocm and amdgpu_targets are passed to dependencies
-        depends_on("mydeppackage", when="+rocm")
+        depends_on('mydeppackage', when='+rocm')
         for val in ROCmPackage.amdgpu_targets:
-            depends_on(f"mydeppackage amdgpu_target={val}",
-                       when=f"amdgpu_target={val}")
+            depends_on('mydeppackage amdgpu_target={0}'.format(val),
+                       when='amdgpu_target={0}'.format(val))
         ...
 
         def cmake_args(self):
             spec = self.spec
             args = []
             ...
-            if spec.satisfies("+rocm"):
+            if '+rocm' in spec:
                 # Set up the hip macros needed by the build
                 args.extend([
-                    "-DENABLE_HIP=ON",
-                    f"-DHIP_ROOT_DIR={spec['hip'].prefix}"])
-                rocm_archs = spec.variants["amdgpu_target"].value
-                if "none" not in rocm_archs:
-                    args.append(f"-DHIP_HIPCC_FLAGS=--amdgpu-target={','.join(rocm_archs}")
+                    '-DENABLE_HIP=ON',
+                    '-DHIP_ROOT_DIR={0}'.format(spec['hip'].prefix)])
+                rocm_archs = spec.variants['amdgpu_target'].value
+                if 'none' not in rocm_archs:
+                    args.append('-DHIP_HIPCC_FLAGS=--amdgpu-target={0}'
+                                .format(",".join(rocm_archs)))
             else:
                 # Ensure build with hip is disabled
-                args.append("-DENABLE_HIP=OFF")
+                args.append('-DENABLE_HIP=OFF')
             ...
             return args
         ...
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ build.
 
 This example also illustrates how to check for the ``rocm`` variant using
 ``self.spec`` and how to retrieve the ``amdgpu_target`` variant's value
-using ``self.spec.variants["amdgpu_target"].value``.
+using ``self.spec.variants['amdgpu_target'].value``.
 
 All five packages using ``ROCmPackage`` as of January 2021 also use the
 :ref:`CudaPackage <cudapackage>`. So it is worth looking at those packages

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/rpackage.rst

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 .. _rpackage:
 
---
-R
---
+--------
+RPackage
+--------
 
 Like Python, R has its own built-in build system.
 
@@ -163,28 +163,28 @@ attributes that can be used to set ``homepage``, ``url``, ``list_url``, and
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   cran = "caret"
+   cran = 'caret'
 
 is equivalent to:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   homepage = "https://cloud.r-project.org/package=caret"
-   url      = "https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/caret_6.0-86.tar.gz"
-   list_url = "https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/caret"
+   homepage = 'https://cloud.r-project.org/package=caret'
+   url      = 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/caret_6.0-86.tar.gz'
+   list_url = 'https://cloud.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/caret'
 
 Likewise, the following ``bioc`` attribute:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   bioc = "BiocVersion"
+   bioc = 'BiocVersion'
 
 is equivalent to:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   homepage = "https://bioconductor.org/packages/BiocVersion/"
-   git      = "https://git.bioconductor.org/packages/BiocVersion"
+   homepage = 'https://bioconductor.org/packages/BiocVersion/'
+   git      = 'https://git.bioconductor.org/packages/BiocVersion'
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -193,14 +193,14 @@ Build system dependencies
 
 As an extension of the R ecosystem, your package will obviously depend
 on R to build and run. Normally, we would use ``depends_on`` to express
-this, but for R packages, we use ``extends``. This implies a special
-dependency on R, which is used to set environment variables such as
-``R_LIBS`` uniformly. Since every R package needs this, the ``RPackage``
-base class contains:
+this, but for R packages, we use ``extends``. ``extends`` is similar to
+``depends_on``, but adds an additional feature: the ability to "activate"
+the package by symlinking it to the R installation directory. Since
+every R package needs this, the ``RPackage`` base class contains:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   extends("r")
+   extends('r')
 
 
 Take a close look at the homepage for ``caret``. If you look at the
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ You should add this to your package like so:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("r@3.2.0:", type=("build", "run"))
+   depends_on('r@3.2.0:', type=('build', 'run'))
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ and list all of their dependencies in the following sections:
 * LinkingTo
 
 As far as Spack is concerned, all 3 of these dependency types
-correspond to ``type=("build", "run")``, so you don't have to worry
+correspond to ``type=('build', 'run')``, so you don't have to worry
 about the details. If you are curious what they mean,
 https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/2951 has a pretty good summary:
 
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ the dependency:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("r-lattice@0.20:", type=("build", "run"))
+   depends_on('r-lattice@0.20:', type=('build', 'run'))
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -361,20 +361,20 @@ like so:
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def configure_args(self):
-       mpi_name = self.spec["mpi"].name
+       mpi_name = self.spec['mpi'].name
 
        # The type of MPI. Supported values are:
        # OPENMPI, LAM, MPICH, MPICH2, or CRAY
-       if mpi_name == "openmpi":
-           Rmpi_type = "OPENMPI"
-       elif mpi_name == "mpich":
-           Rmpi_type = "MPICH2"
+       if mpi_name == 'openmpi':
+           Rmpi_type = 'OPENMPI'
+       elif mpi_name == 'mpich':
+           Rmpi_type = 'MPICH2'
        else:
-           raise InstallError("Unsupported MPI type")
+           raise InstallError('Unsupported MPI type')
 
        return [
-           "--with-Rmpi-type={0}".format(Rmpi_type),
-           "--with-mpi={0}".format(spec["mpi"].prefix),
+           '--with-Rmpi-type={0}'.format(Rmpi_type),
+           '--with-mpi={0}'.format(spec['mpi'].prefix),
        ]
 
 

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/rubypackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ The ``*.gemspec`` file may contain something like:
 
 .. code-block:: ruby
 
-   summary = "An implementation of the AsciiDoc text processor and publishing toolchain"
-   description = "A fast, open source text processor and publishing toolchain for converting AsciiDoc content to HTML 5, DocBook 5, and other formats."
+   summary = 'An implementation of the AsciiDoc text processor and publishing toolchain'
+   description = 'A fast, open source text processor and publishing toolchain for converting AsciiDoc content to HTML 5, DocBook 5, and other formats.'
 
 
 Either of these can be used for the description of the Spack package.
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ The ``*.gemspec`` file may contain something like:
 
 .. code-block:: ruby
 
-   homepage = "https://asciidoctor.org"
+   homepage = 'https://asciidoctor.org'
 
 
 This should be used as the official homepage of the Spack package.
@@ -112,21 +112,21 @@ the base class contains:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   extends("ruby")
+   extends('ruby')
 
 
 The ``*.gemspec`` file may contain something like:
 
 .. code-block:: ruby
 
-   required_ruby_version = ">= 2.3.0"
+   required_ruby_version = '>= 2.3.0'
 
 
 This can be added to the Spack package using:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("ruby@2.3.0:", type=("build", "run"))
+   depends_on('ruby@2.3.0:', type=('build', 'run'))
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/sconspackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ overridden like so:
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def test(self):
-       scons("check")
+       scons('check')
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ base class already contains:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("scons", type="build")
+   depends_on('scons', type='build')
 
 
 If you want to specify a particular version requirement, you can override
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ this in your package:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("scons@2.3.0:", type="build")
+   depends_on('scons@2.3.0:', type='build')
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -238,14 +238,14 @@ the package build phase. This is done by overriding ``build_args`` like so:
 
    def build_args(self, spec, prefix):
        args = [
-         f"PREFIX={prefix}",
-         f"ZLIB={spec['zlib'].prefix}",
+         'PREFIX={0}'.format(prefix),
+         'ZLIB={0}'.format(spec['zlib'].prefix),
        ]
 
-       if spec.satisfies("+debug"):
-           args.append("DEBUG=yes")
+       if '+debug' in spec:
+           args.append('DEBUG=yes')
        else:
-           args.append("DEBUG=no")
+           args.append('DEBUG=no')
 
        return args
 
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ environment variables. For example, cantera has the following option:
    * env_vars: [ string ]
        Environment variables to propagate through to SCons. Either the
        string "all" or a comma separated list of variable names, e.g.
-       "LD_LIBRARY_PATH,HOME".
-       - default: "LD_LIBRARY_PATH,PYTHONPATH"
+       'LD_LIBRARY_PATH,HOME'.
+       - default: 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH,PYTHONPATH'
 
 
 In the case of cantera, using ``env_vars=all`` allows us to use

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/sippackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ By default, these phases run:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ sip-build --verbose --target-dir ...
+   $ python configure.py --bindir ... --destdir ...
    $ make
    $ make install
 
@@ -41,30 +41,30 @@ By default, these phases run:
 Important files
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Each SIP package comes with a custom configuration file written in Python.
-For newer packages, this is called ``project.py``, while in older packages,
-it may be called ``configure.py``. This script contains instructions to build
-the project.
+Each SIP package comes with a custom ``configure.py`` build script,
+written in Python. This script contains instructions to build the project.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Build system dependencies
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-``SIPPackage`` requires several dependencies. Python and SIP are needed at build-time
-to run the aforementioned configure script. Python is also needed at run-time to
-actually use the installed Python library. And as we are building Python bindings
-for C/C++ libraries, Python is also needed as a link dependency. All of these
-dependencies are automatically added via the base class.
+``SIPPackage`` requires several dependencies. Python is needed to run
+the ``configure.py`` build script, and to run the resulting Python
+libraries. Qt is needed to provide the ``qmake`` command. SIP is also
+needed to build the package. All of these dependencies are automatically
+added via the base class
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   extends("python", type=("build", "link", "run"))
-   depends_on("py-sip", type="build")
+   extends('python')
 
+   depends_on('qt', type='build')
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Passing arguments to ``sip-build``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+   depends_on('py-sip', type='build')
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Passing arguments to ``configure.py``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Each phase comes with a ``<phase_args>`` function that can be used to pass
 arguments to that particular phase. For example, if you need to pass
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ arguments to the configure phase, you can use:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   def configure_args(self):
-       return ["--no-python-dbus"]
+   def configure_args(self, spec, prefix):
+       return ['--no-python-dbus']
 
 
-A list of valid options can be found by running ``sip-build --help``.
+A list of valid options can be found by running ``python configure.py --help``.
 
 ^^^^^^^
 Testing
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ are wrong, you can provide the names yourself by overriding
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   import_modules = ["PyQt5"]
+   import_modules = ['PyQt5']
 
 
 These tests often catch missing dependencies and non-RPATHed

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/sourceforgepackage.rst

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 .. _sourceforgepackage:
 
------------
-Sourceforge
------------
+------------------
+SourceforgePackage
+------------------
 
-``SourceforgePackage`` is a
+``SourceforgePackage`` is a 
 `mixin-class <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixin>`_. It automatically
 sets the URL based on a list of Sourceforge mirrors listed in
 `sourceforge_mirror_path`, which defaults to a half dozen known mirrors.
-Refer to the package source
+Refer to the package source 
 (`<https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/lib/spack/spack/build_systems/sourceforge.py>`__) for the current list of mirrors used by Spack.
 
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ This package provides a method for populating mirror URLs.
     It is decorated with `property` so its results are treated as
     a package attribute.
 
-    Refer to
+    Refer to 
     `<https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#mirrors-of-the-main-url>`__
     for information on how Spack uses the `urls` attribute during
     fetching.

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/wafpackage.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -58,13 +58,15 @@ Testing
 ``WafPackage`` also provides ``test`` and ``installtest`` methods,
 which are run after the ``build`` and ``install`` phases, respectively.
 By default, these phases do nothing, but you can override them to
-run package-specific unit tests.
+run package-specific unit tests. For example, the
+`py-py2cairo <https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/py-py2cairo/package.py>`_
+package uses:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def installtest(self):
-       with working_dir("test"):
-           pytest = which("py.test")
+       with working_dir('test'):
+           pytest = which('py.test')
            pytest()
 
 
@@ -93,7 +95,7 @@ the following dependency automatically:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("python@2.5:", type="build")
+   depends_on('python@2.5:', type='build')
 
 
 Waf only supports Python 2.5 and up.
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ phase, you can use:
        args = []
 
        if self.run_tests:
-           args.append("--test")
+           args.append('--test')
 
        return args
 

lib/spack/docs/chain.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)

lib/spack/docs/conf.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+# Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -36,7 +36,13 @@
 if not os.path.exists(link_name):
     os.symlink(os.path.abspath("../../.."), link_name, target_is_directory=True)
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("_spack_root/lib/spack/external"))
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("_spack_root/lib/spack/external/_vendoring"))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("_spack_root/lib/spack/external/pytest-fallback"))
+
+if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("_spack_root/lib/spack/external/yaml/lib"))
+else:
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("_spack_root/lib/spack/external/yaml/lib3"))
+
 sys.path.append(os.path.abspath("_spack_root/lib/spack/"))
 
 # Add the Spack bin directory to the path so that we can use its output in docs.
@@ -48,6 +54,9 @@
 os.environ["COLIFY_SIZE"] = "25x120"
 os.environ["COLUMNS"] = "120"
 
+# Generate full package list if needed
+subprocess.call(["spack", "list", "--format=html", "--update=package_list.html"])
+
 # Generate a command index if an update is needed
 subprocess.call(
     [
@@ -71,22 +80,13 @@
     "--force",  # Overwrite existing files
     "--no-toc",  # Don't create a table of contents file
     "--output-dir=.",  # Directory to place all output
-    "--module-first",  # emit module docs before submodule docs
 ]
-sphinx_apidoc(
-    apidoc_args
-    + [
-        "_spack_root/lib/spack/spack",
-        "_spack_root/lib/spack/spack/test/*.py",
-        "_spack_root/lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/*.py",
-    ]
-)
+sphinx_apidoc(apidoc_args + ["_spack_root/lib/spack/spack"])
 sphinx_apidoc(apidoc_args + ["_spack_root/lib/spack/llnl"])
 
 # Enable todo items
 todo_include_todos = True
 
-
 #
 # Disable duplicate cross-reference warnings.
 #
@@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ class PatchedPythonDomain(PythonDomain):
     def resolve_xref(self, env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode):
         if "refspecific" in node:
             del node["refspecific"]
-        return super().resolve_xref(env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode)
+        return super(PatchedPythonDomain, self).resolve_xref(
+            env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode
+        )
 
 
 #
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 # Get nice vector graphics
 graphviz_output_format = "svg"
 
+
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
 templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
@@ -157,8 +160,8 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = "Spack"
-copyright = "2013-2023, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory."
+project = u"Spack"
+copyright = u"2013-2021, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory."
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
@@ -199,24 +202,16 @@ def setup(sphinx):
     ("py:class", "contextlib.contextmanager"),
     ("py:class", "module"),
     ("py:class", "_io.BufferedReader"),
-    ("py:class", "_io.BytesIO"),
     ("py:class", "unittest.case.TestCase"),
     ("py:class", "_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader"),
     ("py:class", "clingo.Control"),
     ("py:class", "six.moves.urllib.parse.ParseResult"),
-    ("py:class", "TextIO"),
-    ("py:class", "hashlib._Hash"),
     # Spack classes that are private and we don't want to expose
     ("py:class", "spack.provider_index._IndexBase"),
     ("py:class", "spack.repo._PrependFileLoader"),
     ("py:class", "spack.build_systems._checks.BaseBuilder"),
     # Spack classes that intersphinx is unable to resolve
-    ("py:class", "spack.version.StandardVersion"),
-    ("py:class", "spack.spec.DependencySpec"),
-    ("py:class", "spack.spec.InstallStatus"),
-    ("py:class", "spack.spec.SpecfileReaderBase"),
-    ("py:class", "spack.install_test.Pb"),
-    ("py:class", "spack.filesystem_view.SimpleFilesystemView"),
+    ("py:class", "spack.version.VersionBase"),
 ]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents.
@@ -232,8 +227,30 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
 # show_authors = False
-sys.path.append("./_pygments")
-pygments_style = "style.SpackStyle"
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+# We use our own extension of the default style with a few modifications
+from pygments.style import Style
+from pygments.styles.default import DefaultStyle
+from pygments.token import Comment, Generic, Text
+
+
+class SpackStyle(DefaultStyle):
+    styles = DefaultStyle.styles.copy()
+    background_color = "#f4f4f8"
+    styles[Generic.Output] = "#355"
+    styles[Generic.Prompt] = "bold #346ec9"
+
+
+import pkg_resources
+
+dist = pkg_resources.Distribution(__file__)
+sys.path.append(".")  # make 'conf' module findable
+ep = pkg_resources.EntryPoint.parse("spack = conf:SpackStyle", dist=dist)
+dist._ep_map = {"pygments.styles": {"plugin1": ep}}
+pkg_resources.working_set.add(dist)
+
+pygments_style = "spack"
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
 # modindex_common_prefix = []
@@ -318,20 +335,23 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
 htmlhelp_basename = "Spackdoc"
 
+
 # -- Options for LaTeX output --------------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
+    #'pointsize': '10pt',
     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-    # 'preamble': '',
+    #'preamble': '',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]).
-latex_documents = [("index", "Spack.tex", "Spack Documentation", "Todd Gamblin", "manual")]
+latex_documents = [
+    ("index", "Spack.tex", u"Spack Documentation", u"Todd Gamblin", "manual"),
+]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
@@ -358,7 +378,7 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [("index", "spack", "Spack Documentation", ["Todd Gamblin"], 1)]
+man_pages = [("index", "spack", u"Spack Documentation", [u"Todd Gamblin"], 1)]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
 # man_show_urls = False
@@ -373,12 +393,12 @@ def setup(sphinx):
     (
         "index",
         "Spack",
-        "Spack Documentation",
-        "Todd Gamblin",
+        u"Spack Documentation",
+        u"Todd Gamblin",
         "Spack",
         "One line description of project.",
         "Miscellaneous",
-    )
+    ),
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
@@ -394,4 +414,6 @@ def setup(sphinx):
 # -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------
 
 # sphinx.ext.intersphinx
-intersphinx_mapping = {"python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None)}
+intersphinx_mapping = {
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
+}

lib/spack/docs/config_yaml.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -145,22 +145,6 @@ hosts when making ``ssl`` connections.  Set to ``false`` to disable, and
 tools like ``curl`` will use their ``--insecure`` options.  Disabling
 this can expose you to attacks.  Use at your own risk.
 
---------------------
-``ssl_certs``
---------------------
-
-Path to custom certificats for SSL verification. The value can be a 
-filesytem path, or an environment variable that expands to a file path.
-The default value is set to the environment variable ``SSL_CERT_FILE``
-to use the same syntax used by many other applications that automatically
-detect custom certificates.
-When ``url_fetch_method:curl`` the ``config:ssl_certs`` should resolve to
-a single file.  Spack will then set the environment variable ``CURL_CA_BUNDLE``
-in the subprocess calling ``curl``.
-If ``url_fetch_method:urllib`` then files and directories are supported i.e. 
-``config:ssl_certs:$SSL_CERT_FILE`` or ``config:ssl_certs:$SSL_CERT_DIR``
-will work.
-
 --------------------
 ``checksum``
 --------------------
@@ -238,7 +222,7 @@ and location. (See the *Configuration settings* section of ``man
 ccache`` to learn more about the default settings and how to change
 them). Please note that we currently disable ccache's ``hash_dir``
 feature to avoid an issue with the stage directory (see
-https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
+https://github.com/LLNL/spack/pull/3761#issuecomment-294352232).
 
 -----------------------
 ``shared_linking:type``
@@ -308,29 +292,14 @@ It is also worth noting that:
          non_bindable_shared_objects = ["libinterface.so"]
 
 ----------------------
-``install_status``
+``terminal_title``
 ----------------------
 
-When set to ``true``, Spack will show information about its current progress
-as well as the current and total package numbers. Progress is shown both
-in the terminal title and inline. Setting it to ``false`` will not show any
-progress information.
+By setting this option to ``true``, Spack will update the terminal's title to
+provide information about its current progress as well as the current and
+total package numbers.
 
 To work properly, this requires your terminal to reset its title after
 Spack has finished its work, otherwise Spack's status information will
 remain in the terminal's title indefinitely. Most terminals should already
 be set up this way and clear Spack's status information.
-
------------
-``aliases``
------------
-
-Aliases can be used to define new Spack commands. They can be either shortcuts
-for longer commands or include specific arguments for convenience. For instance,
-if users want to use ``spack install``'s ``-v`` argument all the time, they can
-create a new alias called ``inst`` that will always call ``install -v``:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   aliases:
-     inst: install -v

lib/spack/docs/configuration.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -17,12 +17,11 @@ case you want to skip directly to specific docs:
 * :ref:`config.yaml <config-yaml>`
 * :ref:`mirrors.yaml <mirrors>`
 * :ref:`modules.yaml <modules>`
-* :ref:`packages.yaml <packages-config>`
+* :ref:`packages.yaml <build-settings>`
 * :ref:`repos.yaml <repositories>`
 
-You can also add any of these as inline configuration in the YAML
-manifest file (``spack.yaml``) describing an :ref:`environment
-<environment-configuration>`.
+You can also add any of these as inline configuration in ``spack.yaml``
+in an :ref:`environment <environment-configuration>`.
 
 -----------
 YAML Format
@@ -73,12 +72,9 @@ are six configuration scopes. From lowest to highest:
    Spack instance per project) or for site-wide settings on a multi-user
    machine (e.g., for a common Spack instance).
 
-#. **plugin**: Read from a Python project's entry points. Settings here affect
-   all instances of Spack running with the same Python installation.  This scope takes higher precedence than site, system, and default scopes.
-
 #. **user**: Stored in the home directory: ``~/.spack/``. These settings
    affect all instances of Spack and take higher precedence than site,
-   system, plugin, or defaults scopes.
+   system, or defaults scopes.
 
 #. **custom**: Stored in a custom directory specified by ``--config-scope``.
    If multiple scopes are listed on the command line, they are ordered
@@ -199,45 +195,6 @@ with MPICH. You can create different configuration scopes for use with
                mpi: [mpich]
 
 
-.. _plugin-scopes:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Plugin scopes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-.. note::
-   Python version >= 3.8 is required to enable plugin configuration.
-
-Spack can be made aware of configuration scopes that are installed as part of a python package.  To do so, register a function that returns the scope's path to the ``"spack.config"`` entry point.  Consider the Python package ``my_package`` that includes Spack configurations:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-  my-package/
-  ├── src
-  │   ├── my_package
-  │   │   ├── __init__.py
-  │   │   └── spack/
-  │   │   │   └── config.yaml
-  └── pyproject.toml
-
-adding the following to ``my_package``'s ``pyproject.toml`` will make ``my_package``'s ``spack/`` configurations visible to Spack when ``my_package`` is installed:
-
-.. code-block:: toml
-
-   [project.entry_points."spack.config"]
-   my_package = "my_package:get_config_path"
-
-The function ``my_package.get_extension_path`` in ``my_package/__init__.py`` might look like
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import importlib.resources
-
-   def get_config_path():
-       dirname = importlib.resources.files("my_package").joinpath("spack")
-       if dirname.exists():
-           return str(dirname)
-
 .. _platform-scopes:
 
 ------------------------
@@ -270,9 +227,6 @@ You can get the name to use for ``<platform>`` by running ``spack arch
 --platform``. The system config scope has a ``<platform>`` section for
 sites at which ``/etc`` is mounted on multiple heterogeneous machines.
 
-
-.. _config-scope-precedence:
-
 ----------------
 Scope Precedence
 ----------------
@@ -285,13 +239,6 @@ lower-precedence settings. Completely ignoring higher-level configuration
 options is supported with the ``::`` notation for keys (see
 :ref:`config-overrides` below).
 
-There are also special notations for string concatenation and precendense override:
-
-* ``+:`` will force *prepending* strings or lists. For lists, this is the default behavior.
-* ``-:`` works similarly, but for *appending* values.
-
-:ref:`config-prepend-append`
-
 ^^^^^^^^^^^
 Simple keys
 ^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -332,47 +279,6 @@ command:
        - ~/.spack/stage
 
 
-.. _config-prepend-append:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-String Concatenation
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Above, the user ``config.yaml`` *completely* overrides specific settings in the
-default ``config.yaml``. Sometimes, it is useful to add a suffix/prefix
-to a path or name. To do this, you can use the ``-:`` notation for *append*
-string concatenation at the end of a key in a configuration file. For example:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-   :emphasize-lines: 1
-   :caption: ~/.spack/config.yaml
-
-   config:
-     install_tree-: /my/custom/suffix/
-
-Spack will then append to the lower-precedence configuration under the
-``install_tree-:`` section:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack config get config
-   config:
-     install_tree: /some/other/directory/my/custom/suffix
-     build_stage:
-       - $tempdir/$user/spack-stage
-       - ~/.spack/stage
-
-
-Similarly, ``+:`` can be used to *prepend* to a path or name:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-   :emphasize-lines: 1
-   :caption: ~/.spack/config.yaml
-
-   config:
-     install_tree+: /my/custom/suffix/
-
-
 .. _config-overrides:
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -488,7 +394,7 @@ are indicated at the start of the path with ``~`` or ``~user``.
 Spack-specific variables
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Spack understands over a dozen special variables. These are:
+Spack understands several special variables. These are:
 
 * ``$env``: name of the currently active :ref:`environment <environments>`
 * ``$spack``: path to the prefix of this Spack installation
@@ -499,19 +405,6 @@ Spack understands over a dozen special variables. These are:
 * ``$user``: name of the current user
 * ``$user_cache_path``: user cache directory (``~/.spack`` unless
   :ref:`overridden <local-config-overrides>`)
-* ``$architecture``: the architecture triple of the current host, as
-  detected by Spack.
-* ``$arch``: alias for ``$architecture``.
-* ``$platform``: the platform of the current host, as detected by Spack.
-* ``$operating_system``: the operating system of the current host, as
-  detected by the ``distro`` python module.
-* ``$os``: alias for ``$operating_system``.
-* ``$target``: the ISA target for the current host, as detected by
-  ArchSpec. E.g. ``skylake`` or ``neoverse-n1``.
-* ``$target_family``. The target family for the current host, as
-  detected by ArchSpec. E.g. ``x86_64`` or ``aarch64``.
-* ``$date``: the current date in the format YYYY-MM-DD
-
 
 Note that, as with shell variables, you can write these as ``$varname``
 or with braces to distinguish the variable from surrounding characters:

lib/spack/docs/containers.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -9,96 +9,24 @@
 Container Images
 ================
 
-Spack :ref:`environments` can easily be turned into container images. This page
-outlines two ways in which this can be done:
-
-1. By installing the environment on the host system, and copying the installations
-   into the container image. This approach does not require any tools like Docker
-   or Singularity to be installed.
-2. By generating a Docker or Singularity recipe that can be used to build the
-   container image. In this approach, Spack builds the software inside the
-   container runtime, not on the host system.
-
-The first approach is easiest if you already have an installed environment,
-the second approach gives more control over the container image.
-
----------------------------
-From existing installations
----------------------------
-
-If you already have a Spack environment installed on your system, you can
-share the binaries as an OCI compatible container image. To get started you
-just have to configure and OCI registry and run ``spack buildcache push``.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-  
-   # Create and install an environment in the current directory
-   spack env create -d .
-   spack -e . add pkg-a pkg-b
-   spack -e . install
-
-   # Configure the registry
-   spack -e . mirror add --oci-username ... --oci-password ... container-registry oci://example.com/name/image
-
-   # Push the image
-   spack -e . buildcache push --update-index --base-image ubuntu:22.04 --tag my_env container-registry
-
-The resulting container image can then be run as follows:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ docker run -it example.com/name/image:my_env
-
-The image generated by Spack consists of the specified base image with each package from the
-environment as a separate layer on top. The image is minimal by construction, it only contains the
-environment roots and its runtime dependencies.
-
-.. note::
-
-  When using registries like GHCR and Docker Hub, the ``--oci-password`` flag is not
-  the password for your account, but a personal access token you need to generate separately.
-
-The specified ``--base-image`` should have a libc that is compatible with the host system.
-For example if your host system is Ubuntu 20.04, you can use ``ubuntu:20.04``, ``ubuntu:22.04``
-or newer: the libc in the container image must be at least the version of the host system,
-assuming ABI compatibility. It is also perfectly fine to use a completely different
-Linux distribution as long as the libc is compatible.
-
-For convenience, Spack also turns the OCI registry into a :ref:`build cache <binary_caches_oci>`,
-so that future ``spack install`` of the environment will simply pull the binaries from the
-registry instead of doing source builds. The flag ``--update-index`` is needed to make Spack
-take the build cache into account when concretizing.
-
-.. note::
-
-  When generating container images in CI, the approach above is recommended when CI jobs
-  already run in a sandboxed environment. You can simply use ``spack`` directly
-  in the CI job and push the resulting image to a registry. Subsequent CI jobs should
-  run faster because Spack can install from the same registry instead of rebuilding from
-  sources.
-
----------------------------------------------
-Generating recipes for Docker and Singularity
----------------------------------------------
-
-Apart from copying existing installations into container images, Spack can also
-generate recipes for container images. This is useful if you want to run Spack
-itself in a sandboxed environment instead of on the host system.
-
-Since recipes need a little bit more boilerplate than
+Spack :ref:`environments` are a great tool to create container images, but
+preparing one that is suitable for production requires some more boilerplate
+than just:
 
 .. code-block:: docker
 
    COPY spack.yaml /environment
    RUN spack -e /environment install
 
-Spack provides a command to generate customizable recipes for container images. Customizations
-include minimizing the size of the image, installing packages in the base image using the system
-package manager, and setting up a proper entrypoint to run the image.
+Additional actions may be needed to minimize the size of the
+container, or to update the system software that is installed in the base
+image, or to set up a proper entrypoint to run the image. These tasks are
+usually both necessary and repetitive, so Spack comes with a command
+to generate recipes for container images starting from a ``spack.yaml``.
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------------
 A Quick Introduction
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------------
 
 Consider having a Spack environment like the following:
 
@@ -109,8 +37,8 @@ Consider having a Spack environment like the following:
      - gromacs+mpi
      - mpich
 
-Producing a ``Dockerfile`` from it is as simple as changing directories to
-where the ``spack.yaml`` file is stored and running the following command:
+Producing a ``Dockerfile`` from it is as simple as moving to the directory
+where the ``spack.yaml`` file is stored and giving the following command:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -176,9 +104,9 @@ configuration are discussed in details in the sections below.
 
 .. _container_spack_images:
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------------------
 Spack Images on Docker Hub
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------------------
 
 Docker images with Spack preinstalled and ready to be used are
 built when a release is tagged, or nightly on ``develop``. The images
@@ -215,26 +143,6 @@ The OS that are currently supported are summarized in the table below:
    * - Amazon Linux 2
      - ``amazonlinux:2``
      - ``spack/amazon-linux``
-   * - AlmaLinux 8
-     - ``almalinux:8``
-     - ``spack/almalinux8``
-   * - AlmaLinux 9
-     - ``almalinux:9``
-     - ``spack/almalinux9``
-   * - Rocky Linux 8
-     - ``rockylinux:8``
-     - ``spack/rockylinux8``
-   * - Rocky Linux 9
-     - ``rockylinux:9``
-     - ``spack/rockylinux9``
-   * - Fedora Linux 37
-     - ``fedora:37``
-     - ``spack/fedora37``
-   * - Fedora Linux 38
-     - ``fedora:38``
-     - ``spack/fedora38``
-
-
 
 All the images are tagged with the corresponding release of Spack:
 
@@ -248,9 +156,9 @@ by Spack use them as default base images for their ``build`` stage,
 even though handles to use custom base images provided by users are
 available to accommodate complex use cases.
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Configuring the Container Recipe
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+---------------------------------
+Creating Images From Environments
+---------------------------------
 
 Any Spack Environment can be used for the automatic generation of container
 recipes. Sensible defaults are provided for things like the base image or the
@@ -284,25 +192,31 @@ under the ``container`` attribute of environments:
          final:
          - libgomp
 
+       # Extra instructions
+       extra_instructions:
+         final: |
+           RUN echo 'export PS1="\[$(tput bold)\]\[$(tput setaf 1)\][gromacs]\[$(tput setaf 2)\]\u\[$(tput sgr0)\]:\w $ "' >> ~/.bashrc
+
        # Labels for the image
        labels:
          app: "gromacs"
          mpi: "mpich"
 
-A detailed description of the options available can be found in the :ref:`container_config_options` section.
+A detailed description of the options available can be found in the
+:ref:`container_config_options` section.
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+-------------------
 Setting Base Images
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+-------------------
 
 The ``images`` subsection is used to select both the image where
 Spack builds the software and the image where the built software
 is installed. This attribute can be set in different ways and
 which one to use depends on the use case at hand.
 
-""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Use Official Spack Images From Dockerhub
-""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 To generate a recipe that uses an official Docker image from the
 Spack organization to build the software and the corresponding official OS image
@@ -507,9 +421,9 @@ responsibility to ensure that:
 Therefore we don't recommend its use in cases that can be otherwise
 covered by the simplified mode shown first.
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+----------------------------
 Singularity Definition Files
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+----------------------------
 
 In addition to producing recipes in ``Dockerfile`` format Spack can produce
 Singularity Definition Files by just changing the value of the ``format``
@@ -530,132 +444,11 @@ attribute:
 The minimum version of Singularity required to build a SIF (Singularity Image Format)
 image from the recipes generated by Spack is ``3.5.3``.
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Extending the Jinja2 Templates
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-The Dockerfile and the Singularity definition file that Spack can generate are based on
-a few Jinja2 templates that are rendered according to the environment being containerized.
-Even though Spack allows a great deal of customization by just setting appropriate values for
-the configuration options, sometimes that is not enough.
-
-In those cases, a user can directly extend the template that Spack uses to render the image
-to e.g. set additional environment variables or perform specific operations either before or
-after a given stage of the build. Let's consider as an example the following structure:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ tree /opt/environment
-   /opt/environment
-   ├── data
-   │     └── data.csv
-   ├── spack.yaml
-   ├── data
-   └── templates
-       └── container
-           └── CustomDockerfile
-
-containing both the custom template extension and the environment manifest file. To use a custom
-template, the environment must register the directory containing it, and declare its use under the
-``container`` configuration:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-   :emphasize-lines: 7-8,12
-
-   spack:
-     specs:
-     - hdf5~mpi
-     concretizer:
-       unify: true
-     config:
-       template_dirs:
-       - /opt/environment/templates
-     container:
-       format: docker
-       depfile: true
-       template: container/CustomDockerfile
-
-The template extension can override two blocks, named ``build_stage`` and ``final_stage``, similarly to
-the example below:
-
-.. code-block::
-   :emphasize-lines: 3,8
-
-   {% extends "container/Dockerfile" %}
-   {% block build_stage %}
-   RUN echo "Start building"
-   {{ super() }}
-   {% endblock %}
-   {% block final_stage %}
-   {{ super() }}
-   COPY data /share/myapp/data
-   {% endblock %}
-
-The Dockerfile is generated by running:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack -e /opt/environment containerize
-
-Note that the environment must be active for spack to read the template.
-The recipe that gets generated contains the two extra instruction that we added in our template extension:
-
-.. code-block:: Dockerfile
-   :emphasize-lines: 4,43
-
-   # Build stage with Spack pre-installed and ready to be used
-   FROM spack/ubuntu-jammy:latest as builder
-
-   RUN echo "Start building"
-
-   # What we want to install and how we want to install it
-   # is specified in a manifest file (spack.yaml)
-   RUN mkdir /opt/spack-environment \
-   &&  (echo "spack:" \
-   &&   echo "  specs:" \
-   &&   echo "  - hdf5~mpi" \
-   &&   echo "  concretizer:" \
-   &&   echo "    unify: true" \
-   &&   echo "  config:" \
-   &&   echo "    template_dirs:" \
-   &&   echo "    - /tmp/environment/templates" \
-   &&   echo "    install_tree: /opt/software" \
-   &&   echo "  view: /opt/view") > /opt/spack-environment/spack.yaml
-
-   # Install the software, remove unnecessary deps
-   RUN cd /opt/spack-environment && spack env activate . && spack concretize && spack env depfile -o Makefile && make -j $(nproc) && spack gc -y
-
-   # Strip all the binaries
-   RUN find -L /opt/view/* -type f -exec readlink -f '{}' \; | \
-       xargs file -i | \
-       grep 'charset=binary' | \
-       grep 'x-executable\|x-archive\|x-sharedlib' | \
-       awk -F: '{print $1}' | xargs strip -s
-
-   # Modifications to the environment that are necessary to run
-   RUN cd /opt/spack-environment && \
-       spack env activate --sh -d . >> /etc/profile.d/z10_spack_environment.sh
-
-   # Bare OS image to run the installed executables
-   FROM ubuntu:22.04
-
-   COPY --from=builder /opt/spack-environment /opt/spack-environment
-   COPY --from=builder /opt/software /opt/software
-   COPY --from=builder /opt/._view /opt/._view
-   COPY --from=builder /opt/view /opt/view
-   COPY --from=builder /etc/profile.d/z10_spack_environment.sh /etc/profile.d/z10_spack_environment.sh
-
-   COPY data /share/myapp/data
-
-   ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "--rcfile", "/etc/profile", "-l", "-c", "$*", "--" ]
-   CMD [ "/bin/bash" ]
-
-
 .. _container_config_options:
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+-----------------------
 Configuration Reference
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+-----------------------
 
 The tables below describe all the configuration options that are currently supported
 to customize the generation of container recipes:
@@ -671,10 +464,6 @@ to customize the generation of container recipes:
      - The format of the recipe
      - ``docker`` or ``singularity``
      - Yes
-   * - ``depfile``
-     - Whether to use a depfile for installation, or not
-     - True or False (default)
-     - No
    * - ``images:os``
      - Operating system used as a base for the image
      - See :ref:`containers-supported-os`
@@ -709,7 +498,7 @@ to customize the generation of container recipes:
      - No
    * - ``os_packages:command``
      - Tool used to manage system packages
-     - ``apt``, ``yum``, ``dnf``, ``dnf_epel``, ``zypper``, ``apk``, ``yum_amazon``
+     - ``apt``, ``yum``
      - Only with custom base images
    * - ``os_packages:update``
      - Whether or not to update the list of available packages
@@ -723,6 +512,14 @@ to customize the generation of container recipes:
      - System packages needed at run-time
      - Valid packages for the current OS
      - No
+   * - ``extra_instructions:build``
+     - Extra instructions (e.g. `RUN`, `COPY`, etc.) at the end of the ``build`` stage
+     - Anything understood by the current ``format``
+     - No
+   * - ``extra_instructions:final``
+     - Extra instructions (e.g. `RUN`, `COPY`, etc.) at the end of the ``final`` stage
+     - Anything understood by the current ``format``
+     - No
    * - ``labels``
      - Labels to tag the image
      - Pairs of key-value strings
@@ -752,13 +549,13 @@ to customize the generation of container recipes:
      - Description string
      - No
 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------
 Best Practices
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------
 
-"""
+^^^
 MPI
-"""
+^^^
 Due to the dependency on Fortran for OpenMPI, which is the spack default
 implementation, consider adding ``gfortran`` to the ``apt-get install`` list.
 
@@ -769,9 +566,9 @@ For execution on HPC clusters, it can be helpful to import the docker
 image into Singularity in order to start a program with an *external*
 MPI. Otherwise, also add ``openssh-server`` to the ``apt-get install`` list.
 
-""""
+^^^^
 CUDA
-""""
+^^^^
 Starting from CUDA 9.0, Nvidia provides minimal CUDA images based on
 Ubuntu. Please see `their instructions <https://hub.docker.com/r/nvidia/cuda/>`_.
 Avoid double-installing CUDA by adding, e.g.
@@ -790,9 +587,9 @@ to your ``spack.yaml``.
 Users will either need ``nvidia-docker`` or e.g. Singularity to *execute*
 device kernels.
 
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Docker on Windows and OSX
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 On Mac OS and Windows, docker runs on a hypervisor that is not allocated much
 memory by default, and some spack packages may fail to build due to lack of

lib/spack/docs/contribution_guide.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ make another change, test that change, etc.  We use `pytest
 <http://pytest.org/>`_ as our tests framework, and these types of
 arguments are just passed to the ``pytest`` command underneath. See `the
 pytest docs
-<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
+<http://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_
 for more details on test selection syntax.
 
 ``spack unit-test`` has a few special options that can help you
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ you want to know about.  For example, to see just the tests in
 
 You can also combine any of these options with a ``pytest`` keyword
 search.  See the `pytest usage docs
-<https://doc.pytest.org/en/latest/how-to/usage.html#specifying-which-tests-to-run>`_
+<https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/usage.html#specifying-tests-selecting-tests>`_:
 for more details on test selection syntax. For example, to see the names of all tests that have "spec"
 or "concretize" somewhere in their names:
 
@@ -253,6 +253,27 @@ to update them.
    multiple runs of ``spack style`` just to re-compute line numbers and
    makes it much easier to fix errors directly off of the CI output.
 
+.. warning::
+
+   Flake8 and ``pep8-naming`` require a number of dependencies in order
+   to run.  If you installed ``py-flake8`` and ``py-pep8-naming``, the
+   easiest way to ensure the right packages are on your ``PYTHONPATH`` is
+   to run::
+
+     spack activate py-flake8
+     spack activate pep8-naming
+
+   so that all of the dependencies are symlinked to a central
+   location. If you see an error message like:
+
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      Traceback (most recent call last):
+        File: "/usr/bin/flake8", line 5, in <module>
+          from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
+      ImportError: No module named pkg_resources
+
+   that means Flake8 couldn't find setuptools in your ``PYTHONPATH``.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Documentation Tests
@@ -288,9 +309,13 @@ All of these can be installed with Spack, e.g.
 
    .. code-block:: console
 
-      $ spack load py-sphinx py-sphinx-rtd-theme py-sphinxcontrib-programoutput
+      $ spack activate py-sphinx
+      $ spack activate py-sphinx-rtd-theme
+      $ spack activate py-sphinxcontrib-programoutput
 
-   so that all of the dependencies are added to PYTHONPATH.  If you see an error message
+   so that all of the dependencies are symlinked into that Python's
+   tree.  Alternatively, you could arrange for their library
+   directories to be added to PYTHONPATH.  If you see an error message
    like:
 
    .. code-block:: console
@@ -310,11 +335,53 @@ Once all of the dependencies are installed, you can try building the documentati
    $ make clean
    $ make
 
-If you see any warning or error messages, you will have to correct those before your PR
-is accepted. If you are editing the documentation, you should be running the
-documentation tests to make sure there are no errors. Documentation changes can result
-in some obfuscated warning messages. If you don't understand what they mean, feel free
-to ask when you submit your PR.
+If you see any warning or error messages, you will have to correct those before
+your PR is accepted.
+
+If you are editing the documentation, you should obviously be running the
+documentation tests. But even if you are simply adding a new package, your
+changes could cause the documentation tests to fail:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   package_list.rst:8745: WARNING: Block quote ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
+
+At first, this error message will mean nothing to you, since you didn't edit
+that file. Until you look at line 8745 of the file in question:
+
+.. code-block:: rst
+
+   Description:
+      NetCDF is a set of software libraries and self-describing, machine-
+     independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing
+     of array-oriented scientific data.
+
+Our documentation includes :ref:`a list of all Spack packages <package-list>`.
+If you add a new package, its docstring is added to this page. The problem in
+this case was that the docstring looked like:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   class Netcdf(Package):
+       """
+       NetCDF is a set of software libraries and self-describing,
+       machine-independent data formats that support the creation,
+       access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data.
+       """
+
+Docstrings cannot start with a newline character, or else Sphinx will complain.
+Instead, they should look like:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   class Netcdf(Package):
+       """NetCDF is a set of software libraries and self-describing,
+       machine-independent data formats that support the creation,
+       access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data."""
+
+Documentation changes can result in much more obfuscated warning messages.
+If you don't understand what they mean, feel free to ask when you submit
+your PR.
 
 --------
 Coverage

lib/spack/docs/developer_guide.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -175,11 +175,14 @@ Spec-related modules
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 :mod:`spack.spec`
-  Contains :class:`~spack.spec.Spec`. Also implements most of the logic for concretization
+  Contains :class:`~spack.spec.Spec` and :class:`~spack.spec.SpecParser`.
+  Also implements most of the logic for normalization and concretization
   of specs.
 
-:mod:`spack.parser`
-  Contains :class:`~spack.parser.SpecParser` and functions related to parsing specs.
+:mod:`spack.parse`
+  Contains some base classes for implementing simple recursive descent
+  parsers: :class:`~spack.parse.Parser` and :class:`~spack.parse.Lexer`.
+  Used by :class:`~spack.spec.SpecParser`.
 
 :mod:`spack.concretize`
   Contains :class:`~spack.concretize.Concretizer` implementation,
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@ Spack Subcommands
 Unit tests
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 
-``spack.test``
+:mod:`spack.test`
   Implements Spack's test suite.  Add a module and put its name in
   the test suite in ``__init__.py`` to add more unit tests.
 
@@ -357,23 +360,91 @@ If there is a hook that you would like and is missing, you can propose to add a
 ``pre_install(spec)``
 """""""""""""""""""""
 
-A ``pre_install`` hook is run within the install subprocess, directly before the install starts.
-It expects a single argument of a spec.
+A ``pre_install`` hook is run within an install subprocess, directly before
+the install starts. It expects a single argument of a spec, and is run in
+a multiprocessing subprocess. Note that if you see ``pre_install`` functions associated with packages these are not hooks
+as we have defined them here, but rather callback functions associated with
+a package install.
 
 
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-``post_install(spec, explicit=None)``
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+""""""""""""""""""""""
+``post_install(spec)``
+""""""""""""""""""""""
 
-A ``post_install`` hook is run within the install subprocess, directly after the install finishes,
-but before the build stage is removed and the spec is registered in the database. It expects two
-arguments: spec and an optional boolean indicating whether this spec is being installed explicitly.
+A ``post_install`` hook is run within an install subprocess, directly after
+the install finishes, but before the build stage is removed. If you
+write one of these hooks, you should expect it to accept a spec as the only
+argument. This is run in a multiprocessing subprocess. This ``post_install`` is
+also seen in packages, but in this context not related to the hooks described
+here.
 
-""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-``pre_uninstall(spec)`` and ``post_uninstall(spec)``
-""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
-These hooks are currently used for cleaning up module files after uninstall.
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+``on_install_start(spec)``
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+This hook is run at the beginning of ``lib/spack/spack/installer.py``,
+in the install function of a ``PackageInstaller``,
+and importantly is not part of a build process, but before it. This is when
+we have just newly grabbed the task, and are preparing to install. If you
+write a hook of this type, you should provide the spec to it.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    def on_install_start(spec):
+        """On start of an install, we want to...
+        """
+        print('on_install_start')
+
+
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+``on_install_success(spec)``
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+This hook is run on a successful install, and is also run inside the build
+process, akin to ``post_install``. The main difference is that this hook
+is run outside of the context of the stage directory, meaning after the
+build stage has been removed and the user is alerted that the install was
+successful. If you need to write a hook that is run on success of a particular
+phase, you should use ``on_phase_success``.
+
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+``on_install_failure(spec)``
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+This hook is run given an install failure that happens outside of the build
+subprocess, but somewhere in ``installer.py`` when something else goes wrong.
+If you need to write a hook that is relevant to a failure within a build
+process, you would want to instead use ``on_phase_failure``.
+
+
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+``on_install_cancel(spec)``
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+The same, but triggered if a spec install is cancelled for any reason.
+
+
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+``on_phase_success(pkg, phase_name, log_file)``
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+This hook is run within the install subprocess, and specifically when a phase
+successfully finishes. Since we are interested in the package, the name of
+the phase, and any output from it, we require:
+
+ - **pkg**: the package variable, which also has the attached spec at ``pkg.spec``
+ - **phase_name**: the name of the phase that was successful (e.g., configure)
+ - **log_file**: the path to the file with output, in case you need to inspect or otherwise interact with it.
+
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+``on_phase_error(pkg, phase_name, log_file)``
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+In the case of an error during a phase, we might want to trigger some event
+with a hook, and this is the purpose of this particular hook. Akin to
+``on_phase_success`` we require the same variables - the package that failed,
+the name of the phase, and the log file where we might find errors.
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -404,7 +475,7 @@ use my new hook as follows:
 .. code-block:: python
 
     def post_log_write(message, level):
-        """Do something custom with the message and level every time we write
+        """Do something custom with the messsage and level every time we write
         to the log
         """
         print('running post_log_write!')

lib/spack/docs/environments.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ Using Environments
 Here we follow a typical use case of creating, concretizing,
 installing and loading an environment.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Creating a managed Environment
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Creating a named Environment
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 An environment is created by:
 
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ Spack then creates the directory ``var/spack/environments/myenv``.
 
 .. note::
 
-   All managed environments by default are stored in the ``var/spack/environments`` folder.
-   This location can be changed by setting the ``environments_root`` variable in ``config.yaml``.
+   All named environments are stored in the ``var/spack/environments`` folder.
 
 In the ``var/spack/environments/myenv`` directory, Spack creates the
 file ``spack.yaml`` and the hidden directory ``.spack-env``.
@@ -94,9 +93,9 @@ an Environment, the ``.spack-env`` directory also contains:
   * ``logs/``: A directory containing the build logs for the packages
     in this Environment.
 
-Spack Environments can also be created from either a manifest file
-(usually but not necessarily named, ``spack.yaml``) or a lockfile.
-To create an Environment from a manifest:
+Spack Environments can also be created from either a ``spack.yaml``
+manifest or a ``spack.lock`` lockfile. To create an Environment from a
+``spack.yaml`` manifest:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -142,21 +141,6 @@ user's prompt to begin with the environment name in brackets.
    $ spack env activate -p myenv
    [myenv] $ ...
 
-The ``activate`` command can also be used to create a new environment, if it is
-not already defined, by adding the ``--create`` flag. Managed and anonymous
-environments, anonymous environments are explained in the next section,
-can both be created using the same flags that `spack env create` accepts.
-If an environment already exists then spack will simply activate it and ignore the
-create specific flags.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-   
-   $ spack env activate --create -p myenv
-   # ...
-   # [creates if myenv does not exist yet]
-   # ...
-   [myenv] $ ...
-
 To deactivate an environment, use the command:
 
 .. code-block:: console
@@ -189,7 +173,7 @@ Anonymous specs can be created in place using the command:
 
    $ spack env create -d .
 
-In this case Spack simply creates a ``spack.yaml`` file in the requested
+In this case Spack simply creates a spack.yaml file in the requested
 directory.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -249,8 +233,8 @@ packages will be listed as roots of the Environment.
 
 All of the Spack commands that act on the list of installed specs are
 Environment-sensitive in this way, including ``install``,
-``uninstall``, ``find``, ``extensions``, and more. In the
-:ref:`environment-configuration` section we will discuss
+``uninstall``, ``activate``, ``deactivate``, ``find``, ``extensions``,
+and more. In the :ref:`environment-configuration` section we will discuss
 Environment-sensitive commands further.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -362,7 +346,7 @@ the Environment and then install the concretized specs.
    (see :ref:`build-jobs`). To speed up environment builds further, independent
    packages can be installed in parallel by launching more Spack instances. For
    example, the following will build at most four packages in parallel using
-   three background jobs:
+   three background jobs: 
 
    .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -410,29 +394,12 @@ version (and other constraints) passed as the spec argument to the
 
 For packages with ``git`` attributes, git branches, tags, and commits can
 also be used as valid concrete versions (see :ref:`version-specifier`).
-This means that for a package ``foo``, ``spack develop foo@git.main`` will clone
+This means that for a package ``foo``, ``spack develop foo@git.main`` will clone 
 the ``main`` branch of the package, and ``spack install`` will install from
 that git clone if ``foo`` is in the environment.
 Further development on ``foo`` can be tested by reinstalling the environment,
 and eventually committed and pushed to the upstream git repo.
 
-If the package being developed supports out-of-source builds then users can use the
-``--build_directory`` flag to control the location and name of the build directory. 
-This is a shortcut to set the ``package_attributes:build_directory`` in the
-``packages`` configuration (see :ref:`assigning-package-attributes`).
-The supplied location will become the build-directory for that package in all future builds.
-
-.. warning::
-   Potential pitfalls of setting the build directory
-    Spack does not check for out-of-source build compatibility with the packages and
-    so the onerous of making sure the package supports out-of-source builds is on
-    the user.
-    For example, most ``autotool`` and ``makefile`` packages do not support out-of-source builds
-    while all ``CMake`` packages do.
-    Understanding these nuances are on the software developers and we strongly encourage
-    developers to only redirect the build directory if they understand their package's
-    build-system.
-
 ^^^^^^^
 Loading
 ^^^^^^^
@@ -489,11 +456,11 @@ a ``packages.yaml`` file) could contain:
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    spack:
-     # ...
+     ...
      packages:
        all:
          compiler: [intel]
-     # ...
+     ...
 
 This configuration sets the default compiler for all packages to
 ``intel``.
@@ -552,49 +519,8 @@ available from the yaml file.
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Spec concretization
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-An environment can be concretized in three different modes and the behavior active under
-any environment is determined by the ``concretizer:unify`` configuration option.
-
-The *default* mode is to unify all specs:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   spack:
-       specs:
-         - hdf5+mpi
-         - zlib@1.2.8
-       concretizer:
-         unify: true
-
-This means that any package in the environment corresponds to a single concrete spec. In
-the above example, when ``hdf5`` depends down the line of ``zlib``, it is required to
-take ``zlib@1.2.8`` instead of a newer version. This mode of concretization is
-particularly useful when environment views are used: if every package occurs in
-only one flavor, it is usually possible to merge all install directories into a view.
-
-A downside of unified concretization is that it can be overly strict. For example, a
-concretization error would happen when both ``hdf5+mpi`` and ``hdf5~mpi`` are specified
-in an environment.
-
-The second mode is to *unify when possible*: this makes concretization of root specs
-more independendent. Instead of requiring reuse of dependencies across different root
-specs, it is only maximized:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   spack:
-       specs:
-         - hdf5~mpi
-         - hdf5+mpi
-         - zlib@1.2.8
-       concretizer:
-         unify: when_possible
-
-This means that both ``hdf5`` installations will use ``zlib@1.2.8`` as a dependency even
-if newer versions of that library are available.
-
-The third mode of operation is to concretize root specs entirely independently by
-disabling unified concretization:
+An environment can be concretized in three different modes and the behavior active under any environment
+is determined by the ``concretizer:unify`` property. By default specs are concretized *separately*, one after the other:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
@@ -606,11 +532,45 @@ disabling unified concretization:
        concretizer:
          unify: false
 
-In this example ``hdf5`` is concretized separately, and does not consider ``zlib@1.2.8``
-as a constraint or preference. Instead, it will take the latest possible version.
+This mode of operation permits to deploy a full software stack where multiple configurations of the same package
+need to be installed alongside each other using the best possible selection of transitive dependencies. The downside
+is that redundancy of installations is disregarded completely, and thus environments might be more bloated than
+strictly needed. In the example above, for instance, if a version of ``zlib`` newer than ``1.2.8`` is known to Spack,
+then it will be used for both ``hdf5`` installations.
 
-The last two concretization options are typically useful for system administrators and
-user support groups providing a large software stack for their HPC center.
+If redundancy of the environment is a concern, Spack provides a way to install it *together where possible*,
+i.e. trying to maximize reuse of dependencies across different specs:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   spack:
+       specs:
+         - hdf5~mpi
+         - hdf5+mpi
+         - zlib@1.2.8
+       concretizer:
+         unify: when_possible
+
+Also in this case Spack allows having multiple configurations of the same package, but privileges the reuse of
+specs over other factors. Going back to our example, this means that both ``hdf5`` installations will use
+``zlib@1.2.8`` as a dependency even if newer versions of that library are available.
+Central installations done at HPC centers by system administrators or user support groups are a common case
+that fits either of these two modes.
+
+Environments can also be configured to concretize all the root specs *together*, in a self-consistent way, to
+ensure that each package in the environment comes with a single configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   spack:
+       specs:
+         - hdf5+mpi
+         - zlib@1.2.8
+       concretizer:
+         unify: true
+
+This mode of operation is usually what is required by software developers that want to deploy their development
+environment and have a single view of it in the filesystem.
 
 .. note::
 
@@ -621,11 +581,10 @@ user support groups providing a large software stack for their HPC center.
 
 .. admonition:: Re-concretization of user specs
 
-   The ``spack concretize`` command without additional arguments will *not* change any
-   previously concretized specs. This may prevent it from finding a solution when using
-   ``unify: true``, and it may prevent it from finding a minimal solution when using
-   ``unify: when_possible``. You can force Spack to ignore the existing concrete environment
-   with ``spack concretize -f``.
+   When concretizing specs *together* or *together where possible* the entire set of specs will be
+   re-concretized after any addition of new user specs, to ensure that
+   the environment remains consistent / minimal. When instead the specs are concretized
+   separately only the new specs will be re-concretized after any addition.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Spec Matrices
@@ -839,7 +798,7 @@ directories.
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    spack:
-     # ...
+     ...
      view:
        mpis:
          root: /path/to/view
@@ -883,7 +842,7 @@ automatically named ``default``, so that
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    spack:
-     # ...
+     ...
      view: True
 
 is equivalent to
@@ -891,7 +850,7 @@ is equivalent to
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    spack:
-     # ...
+     ...
      view:
        default:
          root: .spack-env/view
@@ -901,7 +860,7 @@ and
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    spack:
-     # ...
+     ...
      view: /path/to/view
 
 is equivalent to
@@ -909,7 +868,7 @@ is equivalent to
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    spack:
-     # ...
+     ...
      view:
        default:
          root: /path/to/view
@@ -948,20 +907,9 @@ function, as shown in the example below:
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    projections:
-     zlib: "{name}-{version}"
-     ^mpi: "{name}-{version}/{^mpi.name}-{^mpi.version}-{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}"
-     all: "{name}-{version}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}"
-
-Projections also permit environment and spack configuration variable
-expansions as shown below:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   projections:
-     all: "{name}-{version}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}/$date/$SYSTEM_ENV_VARIBLE"
-
-where ``$date`` is the spack configuration variable that will expand with the ``YYYY-MM-DD``
-format and ``$SYSTEM_ENV_VARIABLE`` is an environment variable defined in the shell.
+     zlib: {name}-{version}
+     ^mpi: {name}-{version}/{^mpi.name}-{^mpi.version}-{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}
+     all: {name}-{version}/{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}
 
 The entries in the projections configuration file must all be either
 specs or the keyword ``all``. For each spec, the projection used will
@@ -1084,7 +1032,7 @@ gets installed and is available for use in the ``env`` target.
    	$(SPACK) -e . concretize -f
 
    env.mk: spack.lock
-   	$(SPACK) -e . env depfile -o $@ --make-prefix spack
+   	$(SPACK) -e . env depfile -o $@ --make-target-prefix spack
 
    env: spack/env
    	$(info Environment installed!)
@@ -1107,79 +1055,27 @@ the include is conditional.
 .. note::
 
    When including generated ``Makefile``\s, it is important to use
-   the ``--make-prefix`` flag and use the non-phony target
-   ``<prefix>/env`` as prerequisite, instead of the phony target
-   ``<prefix>/all``.
+   the ``--make-target-prefix`` flag and use the non-phony target
+   ``<target-prefix>/env`` as prerequisite, instead of the phony target
+   ``<target-prefix>/all``.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Building a subset of the environment
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-The generated ``Makefile``\s contain install targets for each spec, identified
-by ``<name>-<version>-<hash>``. This allows you to install only a subset of the
-packages in the environment. When packages are unique in the environment, it's
-enough to know the name and let tab-completion fill out the version and hash.
-
-The following phony targets are available: ``install/<spec>`` to install the
-spec with its dependencies, and ``install-deps/<spec>`` to *only* install
+The generated ``Makefile``\s contain install targets for each spec. Given the hash
+of a particular spec, you can use the ``.install/<hash>`` target to install the
+spec with its dependencies. There is also ``.install-deps/<hash>`` to *only* install
 its dependencies. This can be useful when certain flags should only apply to
 dependencies. Below we show a use case where a spec is installed with verbose
 output (``spack install --verbose``) while its dependencies are installed silently:
 
 .. code:: console
 
-   $ spack env depfile -o Makefile
+   $ spack env depfile -o Makefile --make-target-prefix my_env
 
    # Install dependencies in parallel, only show a log on error.
-   $ make -j16 install-deps/python-3.11.0-<hash> SPACK_INSTALL_FLAGS=--show-log-on-error
+   $ make -j16 my_env/.install-deps/<hash> SPACK_INSTALL_FLAGS=--show-log-on-error
 
    # Install the root spec with verbose output.
-   $ make -j16 install/python-3.11.0-<hash> SPACK_INSTALL_FLAGS=--verbose
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Adding post-install hooks
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Another advanced use-case of generated ``Makefile``\s is running a post-install
-command for each package. These "hooks" could be anything from printing a
-post-install message, running tests, or pushing just-built binaries to a buildcache.
-
-This can be accomplished through the generated ``[<prefix>/]SPACK_PACKAGE_IDS``
-variable. Assuming we have an active and concrete environment, we generate the
-associated ``Makefile`` with a prefix ``example``:
-
-.. code:: console
-
-   $ spack env depfile -o env.mk --make-prefix example
-
-And we now include it in a different ``Makefile``, in which we create a target
-``example/push/%`` with ``%`` referring to a package identifier. This target
-depends on the particular package installation. In this target we automatically
-have the target-specific ``HASH`` and ``SPEC`` variables at our disposal. They
-are respectively the spec hash (excluding leading ``/``), and a human-readable spec.
-Finally, we have an entrypoint target ``push`` that will update the buildcache
-index once every package is pushed. Note how this target uses the generated
-``example/SPACK_PACKAGE_IDS`` variable to define its prerequisites.
-
-.. code:: Makefile
-
-   SPACK ?= spack
-   BUILDCACHE_DIR = $(CURDIR)/tarballs
-
-   .PHONY: all
-
-   all: push
-
-   include env.mk
-
-   example/push/%: example/install/%
-   	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
-   	$(info About to push $(SPEC) to a buildcache)
-   	$(SPACK) -e . buildcache push --allow-root --only=package $(BUILDCACHE_DIR) /$(HASH)
-   	@touch $@
-
-   push: $(addprefix example/push/,$(example/SPACK_PACKAGE_IDS))
-   	$(info Updating the buildcache index)
-   	$(SPACK) -e . buildcache update-index $(BUILDCACHE_DIR)
-   	$(info Done!)
-   	@touch $@
+   $ make -j16 my_env/.install/<hash> SPACK_INSTALL_FLAGS=--verbose

lib/spack/docs/extensions.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -9,42 +9,46 @@
 Custom Extensions
 =================
 
-*Spack extensions* allow you to extend Spack capabilities by deploying your
+*Spack extensions* permit you to extend Spack capabilities by deploying your
 own custom commands or logic in an arbitrary location on your filesystem.
 This might be extremely useful e.g. to develop and maintain a command whose purpose is
 too specific to be considered for reintegration into the mainline or to
 evolve a command through its early stages before starting a discussion to merge
 it upstream.
-
 From Spack's point of view an extension is any path in your filesystem which
-respects the following naming and layout for files:
+respects a prescribed naming and layout for files:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
   spack-scripting/ # The top level directory must match the format 'spack-{extension_name}'
   ├── pytest.ini # Optional file if the extension ships its own tests
   ├── scripting # Folder that may contain modules that are needed for the extension commands
-  │   ├── cmd # Folder containing extension commands
-  │   │   └── filter.py # A new command that will be available
-  │   └── functions.py # Module with internal details
-  └── tests # Tests for this extension
+  │   └── cmd # Folder containing extension commands
+  │       └── filter.py # A new command that will be available
+  ├── tests # Tests for this extension
   │   ├── conftest.py
   │   └── test_filter.py
   └── templates # Templates that may be needed by the extension
 
-In the example above, the extension is named *scripting*. It adds an additional command
-(``spack filter``) and unit tests to verify its behavior.
+In the example above the extension named *scripting* adds an additional command (``filter``)
+and unit tests to verify its behavior. The code for this example can be
+obtained by cloning the corresponding git repository:
 
-The extension can import any core Spack module in its implementation. When loaded by
-the ``spack`` command, the extension itself is imported as a Python package in the
-``spack.extensions`` namespace. In the example above, since the extension is named
-"scripting", the corresponding Python module is ``spack.extensions.scripting``.
-
-The code for this example extension can be obtained by cloning the corresponding git repository:
+.. TODO: write an ad-hoc "hello world" extension and make it part of the spack organization
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ git -C /tmp clone https://github.com/spack/spack-scripting.git
+   $ cd ~/
+   $ mkdir tmp && cd tmp
+   $ git clone https://github.com/alalazo/spack-scripting.git
+   Cloning into 'spack-scripting'...
+   remote: Counting objects: 11, done.
+   remote: Compressing objects: 100% (7/7), done.
+   remote: Total 11 (delta 0), reused 11 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
+   Receiving objects: 100% (11/11), done.
+
+As you can see by inspecting the sources, Python modules that are part of the extension
+can import any core Spack module.
 
 ---------------------------------
 Configure Spack to Use Extensions
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ paths to ``config.yaml``. In the case of our example this means ensuring that:
 
    config:
      extensions:
-     - /tmp/spack-scripting
+     - ~/tmp/spack-scripting
 
 is part of your configuration file. Once this is setup any command that the extension provides
 will be available from the command line:
@@ -82,68 +86,37 @@ will be available from the command line:
      --implicit       select specs that are not installed or were installed implicitly
      --output OUTPUT  where to dump the result
 
-The corresponding unit tests can be run giving the appropriate options to ``spack unit-test``:
+The corresponding unit tests can be run giving the appropriate options
+to ``spack unit-test``:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
    $ spack unit-test --extension=scripting
-   ========================================== test session starts ===========================================
-   platform linux -- Python 3.11.5, pytest-7.4.3, pluggy-1.3.0
-   rootdir: /home/culpo/github/spack-scripting
-   configfile: pytest.ini
-   testpaths: tests
-   plugins: xdist-3.5.0
+
+   ============================================================== test session starts ===============================================================
+   platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.15rc1, pytest-3.2.5, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
+   rootdir: /home/mculpo/tmp/spack-scripting, inifile: pytest.ini
    collected 5 items
 
-   tests/test_filter.py .....                                                                         [100%]
+   tests/test_filter.py ...XX
+   ============================================================ short test summary info =============================================================
+   XPASS tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags3-specs3-expected3]
+   XPASS tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags4-specs4-expected4]
 
-   ========================================== slowest 30 durations ==========================================
-   2.31s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs0-specs0-expected0]
-   0.57s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs2-specs2-expected2]
-   0.56s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs4-specs4-expected4]
-   0.54s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs3-specs3-expected3]
-   0.54s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs1-specs1-expected1]
-   0.48s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs0-specs0-expected0]
-   0.01s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs4-specs4-expected4]
-   0.01s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs2-specs2-expected2]
-   0.01s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs1-specs1-expected1]
-   0.01s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[kwargs3-specs3-expected3]
-
-   (5 durations < 0.005s hidden.  Use -vv to show these durations.)
-   =========================================== 5 passed in 5.06s ============================================
-
----------------------------------------
-Registering Extensions via Entry Points
----------------------------------------
-
-.. note::
-   Python version >= 3.8 is required to register extensions via entry points.
-
-Spack can be made aware of extensions that are installed as part of a python package.  To do so, register a function that returns the extension path, or paths, to the ``"spack.extensions"`` entry point.  Consider the Python package ``my_package`` that includes a Spack extension:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-  my-package/
-  ├── src
-  │   ├── my_package
-  │   │   └── __init__.py
-  │   └── spack-scripting/  # the spack extensions
-  └── pyproject.toml
-
-adding the following to ``my_package``'s ``pyproject.toml`` will make the ``spack-scripting`` extension visible to Spack when ``my_package`` is installed:
-
-.. code-block:: toml
-
-   [project.entry_points."spack.extenions"]
-   my_package = "my_package:get_extension_path"
-
-The function ``my_package.get_extension_path`` in ``my_package/__init__.py`` might look like
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   import importlib.resources
-
-   def get_extension_path():
-       dirname = importlib.resources.files("my_package").joinpath("spack-scripting")
-       if dirname.exists():
-           return str(dirname)
+   =========================================================== slowest 20 test durations ============================================================
+   3.74s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags0-specs0-expected0]
+   0.17s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags3-specs3-expected3]
+   0.16s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags2-specs2-expected2]
+   0.15s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags1-specs1-expected1]
+   0.13s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags4-specs4-expected4]
+   0.08s call     tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags0-specs0-expected0]
+   0.04s teardown tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags4-specs4-expected4]
+   0.00s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags4-specs4-expected4]
+   0.00s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags3-specs3-expected3]
+   0.00s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags1-specs1-expected1]
+   0.00s setup    tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags2-specs2-expected2]
+   0.00s teardown tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags2-specs2-expected2]
+   0.00s teardown tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags1-specs1-expected1]
+   0.00s teardown tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags0-specs0-expected0]
+   0.00s teardown tests/test_filter.py::test_filtering_specs[flags3-specs3-expected3]
+   ====================================================== 3 passed, 2 xpassed in 4.51 seconds =======================================================

lib/spack/docs/features.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ creates a simple python file:
 
        # FIXME: Add a list of GitHub accounts to
        # notify when the package is updated.
-       # maintainers("github_user1", "github_user2")
+       # maintainers = ["github_user1", "github_user2"]
 
        version("0.8.13", sha256="591a9b4ec81c1f2042a97aa60564e0cb79d041c52faa7416acb38bc95bd2c76d")
 

lib/spack/docs/frequently_asked_questions.rst

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-
-   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-==========================
-Frequently Asked Questions
-==========================
-
-This page contains answers to frequently asked questions about Spack.
-If you have questions that are not answered here, feel free to ask on
-`Slack <https://slack.spack.io>`_ or `GitHub Discussions
-<https://github.com/spack/spack/discussions>`_. If you've learned the
-answer to a question that you think should be here, please consider
-contributing to this page.
-
-.. _faq-concretizer-precedence:
-
------------------------------------------------------
-Why does Spack pick particular versions and variants?
------------------------------------------------------
-
-This question comes up in a variety of forms:
-
- 1. Why does Spack seem to ignore my package preferences from ``packages.yaml`` config?
- 2. Why does Spack toggle a variant instead of using the default from the ``package.py`` file?
-
-The short answer is that Spack always picks an optimal configuration
-based on a complex set of criteria\ [#f1]_. These criteria are more nuanced
-than always choosing the latest versions or default variants.
-
-.. note::
-
-    As a rule of thumb: requirements + constraints > reuse > preferences > defaults.
-
-The following set of criteria (from lowest to highest precedence) explain
-common cases where concretization output may seem surprising at first.
-
-1. :ref:`Package preferences <package-preferences>` configured in ``packages.yaml``
-   override variant defaults from ``package.py`` files, and influence the optimal
-   ordering of versions. Preferences are specified as follows:
-
-   .. code-block:: yaml
-
-      packages:
-        foo:
-          version: [1.0, 1.1]
-          variants: ~mpi
-
-2. :ref:`Reuse concretization <concretizer-options>` configured in ``concretizer.yaml``
-   overrides preferences, since it's typically faster to reuse an existing spec than to
-   build a preferred one from sources. When build caches are enabled, specs may be reused
-   from a remote location too. Reuse concretization is configured as follows:
-
-   .. code-block:: yaml
-
-      concretizer:
-        reuse: dependencies  # other options are 'true' and 'false'
-
-3. :ref:`Package requirements <package-requirements>` configured in ``packages.yaml``,
-   and constraints from the command line as well as ``package.py`` files override all
-   of the above. Requirements are specified as follows:
-
-   .. code-block:: yaml
-
-      packages:
-        foo:
-          require:
-          - "@1.2: +mpi"
-
-Requirements and constraints restrict the set of possible solutions, while reuse
-behavior and preferences influence what an optimal solution looks like.
-
-
-.. rubric:: Footnotes
-
-.. [#f1] The exact list of criteria can be retrieved with the ``spack solve`` command

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ be present on the machine where Spack is run:
    :header-rows: 1
 
 These requirements can be easily installed on most modern Linux systems;
-on macOS, the Command Line Tools package is required, and a full XCode suite
-may be necessary for some packages such as Qt and apple-gl. Spack is designed
-to run on HPC platforms like Cray.  Not all packages should be expected
+on macOS, XCode is required.  Spack is designed to run on HPC
+platforms like Cray.  Not all packages should be expected
 to work on all platforms.
 
 A build matrix showing which packages are working on which systems is shown below.
@@ -41,9 +40,12 @@ A build matrix showing which packages are working on which systems is shown belo
 
       .. code-block:: console
 
-         dnf install epel-release
-         dnf group install "Development Tools"
-         dnf install curl findutils gcc-gfortran gnupg2 hostname iproute redhat-lsb-core python3 python3-pip python3-setuptools unzip python3-boto3
+         yum update -y
+         yum install -y epel-release
+         yum update -y
+         yum --enablerepo epel groupinstall -y "Development Tools"
+         yum --enablerepo epel install -y curl findutils gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 hostname iproute make patch python3 python3-pip python3-setuptools unzip
+         python3 -m pip install boto3
 
    .. tab-item:: macOS Brew
 
@@ -250,10 +252,9 @@ Compiler configuration
 
 Spack has the ability to build packages with multiple compilers and
 compiler versions. Compilers can be made available to Spack by
-specifying them manually in ``compilers.yaml`` or ``packages.yaml``,
-or automatically by running ``spack compiler find``, but for
-convenience Spack will automatically detect compilers the first time
-it needs them.
+specifying them manually in ``compilers.yaml``, or automatically by
+running ``spack compiler find``, but for convenience Spack will
+automatically detect compilers the first time it needs them.
 
 .. _cmd-spack-compilers:
 
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ installed, but you know that new compilers have been added to your
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ module load gcc/4.9.0
+   $ module load gcc-4.9.0
    $ spack compiler find
    ==> Added 1 new compiler to ~/.spack/linux/compilers.yaml
        gcc@4.9.0
@@ -366,8 +367,7 @@ Manual compiler configuration
 
 If auto-detection fails, you can manually configure a compiler by
 editing your ``~/.spack/<platform>/compilers.yaml`` file.  You can do this by running
-``spack config edit compilers``, which will open the file in
-:ref:`your favorite editor <controlling-the-editor>`.
+``spack config edit compilers``, which will open the file in your ``$EDITOR``.
 
 Each compiler configuration in the file looks like this:
 
@@ -458,48 +458,6 @@ specification. The operations available to modify the environment are ``set``, `
          prepend_path: # Similar for append|remove_path
            LD_LIBRARY_PATH: /ld/paths/added/by/setvars/sh
 
-.. note::
-
-   Spack is in the process of moving compilers from a separate
-   attribute to be handled like all other packages. As part of this
-   process, the ``compilers.yaml`` section will eventually be replaced
-   by configuration in the ``packages.yaml`` section. This new
-   configuration is now available, although it is not yet the default
-   behavior.
-
-Compilers can also be configured as external packages in the
-``packages.yaml`` config file. Any external package for a compiler
-(e.g. ``gcc`` or ``llvm``) will be treated as a configured compiler
-assuming the paths to the compiler executables are determinable from
-the prefix.
-
-If the paths to the compiler executable are not determinable from the
-prefix, you can add them to the ``extra_attributes`` field. Similarly,
-all other fields from the compilers config can be added to the
-``extra_attributes`` field for an external representing a compiler.
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     gcc:
-       external:
-       - spec: gcc@12.2.0 arch=linux-rhel8-skylake
-         prefix: /usr
-         extra_attributes:
-           environment:
-             set:
-               GCC_ROOT: /usr
-       external:
-       - spec: llvm+clang@15.0.0 arch=linux-rhel8-skylake
-         prefix: /usr
-         extra_attributes:
-           paths:
-             cc: /usr/bin/clang-with-suffix
-             cxx: /usr/bin/clang++-with-extra-info
-             fc: /usr/bin/gfortran
-             f77: /usr/bin/gfortran
-           extra_rpaths:
-           - /usr/lib/llvm/
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Build Your Own Compiler
@@ -666,7 +624,7 @@ Fortran.
 
       compilers:
       - compiler:
-        # ...
+        ...
         paths:
           cc: /usr/bin/clang
           cxx: /usr/bin/clang++
@@ -1547,7 +1505,7 @@ Spack On Windows
 
 Windows support for Spack is currently under development. While this work is still in an early stage,
 it is currently possible to set up Spack and perform a few operations on Windows.  This section will guide
-you through the steps needed to install Spack and start running it on a fresh Windows machine.
+you through the steps needed to install Spack and start running it on a fresh Windows machine. 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Step 1: Install prerequisites
@@ -1557,7 +1515,7 @@ To use Spack on Windows, you will need the following packages:
 
 Required:
 * Microsoft Visual Studio
-* Python
+* Python 
 * Git
 
 Optional:
@@ -1588,8 +1546,8 @@ Intel Fortran
 """""""""""""
 
 For Fortran-based packages on Windows, we strongly recommend Intel's oneAPI Fortran compilers.
-The suite is free to download from Intel's website, located at
-https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html.
+The suite is free to download from Intel's website, located at 
+https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/oneapi/components/fortran-compiler.html#gs.70t5tw.
 The executable of choice for Spack will be Intel's Beta Compiler, ifx, which supports the classic
 compiler's (ifort's) frontend and runtime libraries by using LLVM.
 
@@ -1638,8 +1596,8 @@ in a Windows CMD prompt.
 
 .. note::
    If you chose to install Spack into a directory on Windows that is set up to require Administrative
-   Privileges, Spack will require elevated privileges to run.
-   Administrative Privileges can be denoted either by default such as
+   Privleges, Spack will require elevated privleges to run.
+   Administrative Privleges can be denoted either by default such as
    ``C:\Program Files``, or aministrator applied administrative restrictions
    on a directory that spack installs files to such as ``C:\Users``
 
@@ -1735,21 +1693,33 @@ Spack console via:
 
    spack install cpuinfo
 
-If in the previous step, you did not have CMake or Ninja installed, running the command above should bootstrap both packages
+If in the previous step, you did not have CMake or Ninja installed, running the command above should boostrap both packages
 
 """""""""""""""""""""""""""
 Windows Compatible Packages
 """""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
-Not all spack packages currently have Windows support. Some are inherently incompatible with the
-platform, and others simply have yet to be ported. To view the current set of packages with Windows
-support, the list command should be used via `spack list -t windows`. If there's a package you'd like
-to install on Windows but is not in that list, feel free to reach out to request the port or contribute
-the port yourself.
+Many Spack packages are not currently compatible with Windows, due to Unix
+dependencies or incompatible build tools like autoconf. Here are several
+packages known to work on Windows:
+
+* abseil-cpp
+* clingo
+* cpuinfo
+* cmake
+* glm
+* nasm
+* netlib-lapack (requires Intel Fortran)
+* ninja
+* openssl
+* perl
+* python
+* ruby
+* wrf
+* zlib
 
 .. note::
-   This is by no means a comprehensive list, some packages may have ports that were not tagged
-   while others may just work out of the box on Windows and have not been tagged as such.
+   This is by no means a comprehensive list
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 For developers
@@ -1761,4 +1731,3 @@ Instructions for creating the installer are at
 https://github.com/spack/spack/blob/develop/lib/spack/spack/cmd/installer/README.md
 
 Alternatively a pre-built copy of the Windows installer is available as an artifact of Spack's Windows CI
-available at each run of the CI on develop or any PR.

lib/spack/docs/gpu_configuration.rst

@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-
-   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-==========================
-Using External GPU Support
-==========================
-
-Many packages come with a ``+cuda`` or ``+rocm`` variant. With no added
-configuration Spack will download and install the needed components.
-It may be preferable to use existing system support: the following sections
-help with using a system installation of GPU libraries.
-
------------------------------------
-Using an External ROCm Installation
------------------------------------
-
-Spack breaks down ROCm into many separate component packages. The following
-is an example ``packages.yaml`` that organizes a consistent set of ROCm
-components for use by dependent packages:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       compiler: [rocmcc@=5.3.0]
-       variants: amdgpu_target=gfx90a
-     hip:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: hip@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/hip
-     hsa-rocr-dev:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: hsa-rocr-dev@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
-     llvm-amdgpu:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: llvm-amdgpu@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/llvm/
-     comgr:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: comgr@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
-     hipsparse:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: hipsparse@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
-     hipblas:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: hipblas@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
-     rocblas:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: rocblas@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/
-     rocprim:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: rocprim@5.3.0
-         prefix: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/rocprim/
-
-This is in combination with the following compiler definition:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   compilers:
-   - compiler:
-       spec: rocmcc@=5.3.0
-       paths:
-         cc: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/bin/amdclang
-         cxx: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/bin/amdclang++
-         f77: null
-         fc: /opt/rocm-5.3.0/bin/amdflang
-       operating_system: rhel8
-       target: x86_64
-
-This includes the following considerations:
-
-- Each of the listed externals specifies ``buildable: false`` to force Spack
-  to use only the externals we defined.
-- ``spack external find`` can automatically locate some of the ``hip``/``rocm``
-  packages, but not all of them, and furthermore not in a manner that
-  guarantees a complementary set if multiple ROCm installations are available.
-- The ``prefix`` is the same for several components, but note that others
-  require listing one of the subdirectories as a prefix.
-
------------------------------------
-Using an External CUDA Installation
------------------------------------
-
-CUDA is split into fewer components and is simpler to specify:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       variants:
-       - cuda_arch=70
-     cuda:
-       buildable: false
-       externals:
-       - spec: cuda@11.0.2
-         prefix: /opt/cuda/cuda-11.0.2/
-
-where ``/opt/cuda/cuda-11.0.2/lib/`` contains ``libcudart.so``.
-
-
-
------------------------------------
-Using an External OpenGL API
------------------------------------
-Depending on whether we have a graphics card or not, we may choose to use OSMesa or GLX to implement the OpenGL API.
-
-If a graphics card is unavailable, OSMesa is recommended and can typically be built with Spack.
-However, if we prefer to utilize the system GLX tailored to our graphics card, we need to declare it as an external. Here's how to do it:
-
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-  packages:
-    libglx:
-      require: [opengl]
-    opengl:
-      buildable: false
-      externals:
-      - prefix: /usr/
-        spec: opengl@4.6
-
-Note that prefix has to be the root of both the libraries and the headers, using is /usr not the path the the lib.
-To know which spec for opengl is available use ``cd /usr/include/GL && grep -Ri gl_version``.

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lib/spack/docs/index.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -54,16 +54,9 @@ or refer to the full manual below.
    features
    getting_started
    basic_usage
+   Tutorial: Spack 101 <https://spack-tutorial.readthedocs.io>
    replace_conda_homebrew
-   frequently_asked_questions
-
-.. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
-   :caption: Links
-
-   Tutorial (spack-tutorial.rtfd.io) <https://spack-tutorial.readthedocs.io>
-   Packages (packages.spack.io) <https://packages.spack.io>
-   Binaries (binaries.spack.io) <https://cache.spack.io>
+   known_issues
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
@@ -71,21 +64,26 @@ or refer to the full manual below.
 
    configuration
    config_yaml
-   packages_yaml
+   bootstrapping
    build_settings
    environments
    containers
+   monitoring
    mirrors
    module_file_support
    repositories
    binary_caches
-   bootstrapping
    command_index
+   package_list
    chain
    extensions
    pipelines
-   signing
-   gpu_configuration
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Research
+
+   analyze
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2

lib/spack/docs/known_issues.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+============
+Known Issues
+============
+
+This is a list of known issues in Spack. It provides ways of getting around these
+problems if you encounter them.
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Spack does not seem to respect ``packages.yaml``
+------------------------------------------------
+
+.. note::
+
+   This issue is **resolved** as of v0.19.0.dev0 commit
+   `8281a0c5feabfc4fe180846d6fe95cfe53420bc5`, through the introduction of package
+   requirements. See :ref:`package-requirements`.
+
+A common problem in Spack v0.18.0 up to v0.19.0.dev0 is that package, compiler and target
+preferences specified in ``packages.yaml`` do not seem to be respected. Spack picks the
+"wrong" compilers and their versions, package versions and variants, and
+micro-architectures.
+
+This is however not a bug. In order to reduce the number of builds of the same
+packages, the concretizer values reuse of installed packages higher than preferences
+set in ``packages.yaml``. Note that ``packages.yaml`` specifies only preferences, not
+hard constraints.
+
+There are multiple workarounds:
+
+1. Disable reuse during concretization: ``spack install --fresh <spec>`` when installing
+   from the command line, or ``spack concretize --fresh --force`` when using
+   environments.  
+2. Turn preferences into constrains, by moving them to the input spec. For example,
+   use ``spack spec zlib%gcc@12`` when you want to force GCC 12 even if ``zlib`` was
+   already installed with GCC 10.

lib/spack/docs/mirrors.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ your site.
 Mirror environment
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-To create a mirror of all packages required by a concrete environment, activate the environment and call ``spack mirror create -a``.
+To create a mirror of all packages required by a concerte environment, activate the environment and call ``spack mirror create -a``.
 This is especially useful to create a mirror of an environment concretized on another machine.
 
 .. code-block:: console

lib/spack/docs/module_file_support.rst

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
    Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 
    SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ Modules (modules.yaml)
 ======================
 
 The use of module systems to manage user environment in a controlled way
-is a common practice at HPC centers that is sometimes embraced also by
+is a common practice at HPC centers that is often embraced also by
 individual programmers on their development machines. To support this
 common practice Spack integrates with `Environment Modules
-<http://modules.sourceforge.net/>`_ and `Lmod
+<http://modules.sourceforge.net/>`_ and `LMod
 <http://lmod.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ by providing post-install hooks
 that generate module files and commands to manipulate them.
 
@@ -21,65 +21,46 @@ Modules are one of several ways you can use Spack packages. For other
 options that may fit your use case better, you should also look at
 :ref:`spack load <spack-load>` and :ref:`environments <environments>`.
 
------------
-Quick start
------------
+----------------------------
+Using module files via Spack
+----------------------------
 
-In the current version of Spack, module files are not generated by default. To get started, you
-can generate module files for all currently installed packages by running either
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack module tcl refresh
-
-or
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack module lmod refresh
-
-Spack can also generate module files for all future installations automatically through the
-following configuration:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack config add modules:default:enable:[tcl]
-
-or
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack config add modules:default:enable:[lmod]
-
-Assuming you have a module system installed, you should now be able to use the ``module`` command
-to interact with them:
+If you have installed a supported module system you should be able to
+run either ``module avail`` or ``use -l spack`` to see what module
+files have been installed.  Here is sample output of those programs,
+showing lots of installed packages:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
    $ module avail
 
    --------------------------------------------------------------- ~/spack/share/spack/modules/linux-ubuntu14-x86_64 ---------------------------------------------------------------
-   autoconf/2.69-gcc-4.8-qextxkq       hwloc/1.11.6-gcc-6.3.0-akcisez             m4/1.4.18-gcc-4.8-ev2znoc                   openblas/0.2.19-gcc-6.3.0-dhkmed6        py-setuptools/34.2.0-gcc-6.3.0-fadur4s
-   automake/1.15-gcc-4.8-maqvukj       isl/0.18-gcc-4.8-afi6taq                   m4/1.4.18-gcc-6.3.0-uppywnz                 openmpi/2.1.0-gcc-6.3.0-go2s4z5          py-six/1.10.0-gcc-6.3.0-p4dhkaw
-   binutils/2.28-gcc-4.8-5s7c6rs       libiconv/1.15-gcc-4.8-at46wg3              mawk/1.3.4-gcc-4.8-acjez57                  openssl/1.0.2k-gcc-4.8-dkls5tk           python/2.7.13-gcc-6.3.0-tyehea7
-   bison/3.0.4-gcc-4.8-ek4luo5         libpciaccess/0.13.4-gcc-6.3.0-gmufnvh      mawk/1.3.4-gcc-6.3.0-ostdoms                openssl/1.0.2k-gcc-6.3.0-gxgr5or         readline/7.0-gcc-4.8-xhufqhn
-   bzip2/1.0.6-gcc-4.8-iffrxzn         libsigsegv/2.11-gcc-4.8-pp2cvte            mpc/1.0.3-gcc-4.8-g5mztc5                   pcre/8.40-gcc-4.8-r5pbrxb                readline/7.0-gcc-6.3.0-zzcyicg
-   bzip2/1.0.6-gcc-6.3.0-bequudr       libsigsegv/2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7enifnh          mpfr/3.1.5-gcc-4.8-o7xm7az                  perl/5.24.1-gcc-4.8-dg5j65u              sqlite/3.8.5-gcc-6.3.0-6zoruzj
-   cmake/3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby       libtool/2.4.6-gcc-4.8-7a523za              mpich/3.2-gcc-6.3.0-dmvd3aw                 perl/5.24.1-gcc-6.3.0-6uzkpt6            tar/1.29-gcc-4.8-wse2ass
-   curl/7.53.1-gcc-4.8-3fz46n6         libtool/2.4.6-gcc-6.3.0-n7zmbzt            ncurses/6.0-gcc-4.8-dcpe7ia                 pkg-config/0.29.2-gcc-4.8-ib33t75        tcl/8.6.6-gcc-4.8-tfxzqbr
-   expat/2.2.0-gcc-4.8-mrv6bd4         libxml2/2.9.4-gcc-4.8-ryzxnsu              ncurses/6.0-gcc-6.3.0-ucbhcdy               pkg-config/0.29.2-gcc-6.3.0-jpgubk3      util-macros/1.19.1-gcc-6.3.0-xorz2x2
-   flex/2.6.3-gcc-4.8-yf345oo          libxml2/2.9.4-gcc-6.3.0-rltzsdh            netlib-lapack/3.6.1-gcc-6.3.0-js33dog       py-appdirs/1.4.0-gcc-6.3.0-jxawmw7       xz/5.2.3-gcc-4.8-mew4log
-   gcc/6.3.0-gcc-4.8-24puqve           lmod/7.4.1-gcc-4.8-je4srhr                 netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-5aidk4l    py-numpy/1.12.0-gcc-6.3.0-oemmoeu        xz/5.2.3-gcc-6.3.0-3vqeuvb
-   gettext/0.19.8.1-gcc-4.8-yymghlh    lua/5.3.4-gcc-4.8-im75yaz                  netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-hjsemcn    py-packaging/16.8-gcc-6.3.0-i2n3dtl      zip/3.0-gcc-4.8-rwar22d
-   gmp/6.1.2-gcc-4.8-5ub2wu5           lua-luafilesystem/1_6_3-gcc-4.8-wkey3nl    netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-jva724b    py-pyparsing/2.1.10-gcc-6.3.0-tbo6gmw    zlib/1.2.11-gcc-4.8-pgxsxv7
-   help2man/1.47.4-gcc-4.8-kcnqmau     lua-luaposix/33.4.0-gcc-4.8-mdod2ry        netlib-scalapack/2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-rgqfr6d    py-scipy/0.19.0-gcc-6.3.0-kr7nat4        zlib/1.2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7cqp6cj
+   autoconf-2.69-gcc-4.8-qextxkq       hwloc-1.11.6-gcc-6.3.0-akcisez             m4-1.4.18-gcc-4.8-ev2znoc                   openblas-0.2.19-gcc-6.3.0-dhkmed6        py-setuptools-34.2.0-gcc-6.3.0-fadur4s
+   automake-1.15-gcc-4.8-maqvukj       isl-0.18-gcc-4.8-afi6taq                   m4-1.4.18-gcc-6.3.0-uppywnz                 openmpi-2.1.0-gcc-6.3.0-go2s4z5          py-six-1.10.0-gcc-6.3.0-p4dhkaw
+   binutils-2.28-gcc-4.8-5s7c6rs       libiconv-1.15-gcc-4.8-at46wg3              mawk-1.3.4-gcc-4.8-acjez57                  openssl-1.0.2k-gcc-4.8-dkls5tk           python-2.7.13-gcc-6.3.0-tyehea7
+   bison-3.0.4-gcc-4.8-ek4luo5         libpciaccess-0.13.4-gcc-6.3.0-gmufnvh      mawk-1.3.4-gcc-6.3.0-ostdoms                openssl-1.0.2k-gcc-6.3.0-gxgr5or         readline-7.0-gcc-4.8-xhufqhn
+   bzip2-1.0.6-gcc-4.8-iffrxzn         libsigsegv-2.11-gcc-4.8-pp2cvte            mpc-1.0.3-gcc-4.8-g5mztc5                   pcre-8.40-gcc-4.8-r5pbrxb                readline-7.0-gcc-6.3.0-zzcyicg
+   bzip2-1.0.6-gcc-6.3.0-bequudr       libsigsegv-2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7enifnh          mpfr-3.1.5-gcc-4.8-o7xm7az                  perl-5.24.1-gcc-4.8-dg5j65u              sqlite-3.8.5-gcc-6.3.0-6zoruzj
+   cmake-3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby       libtool-2.4.6-gcc-4.8-7a523za              mpich-3.2-gcc-6.3.0-dmvd3aw                 perl-5.24.1-gcc-6.3.0-6uzkpt6            tar-1.29-gcc-4.8-wse2ass
+   curl-7.53.1-gcc-4.8-3fz46n6         libtool-2.4.6-gcc-6.3.0-n7zmbzt            ncurses-6.0-gcc-4.8-dcpe7ia                 pkg-config-0.29.2-gcc-4.8-ib33t75        tcl-8.6.6-gcc-4.8-tfxzqbr
+   expat-2.2.0-gcc-4.8-mrv6bd4         libxml2-2.9.4-gcc-4.8-ryzxnsu              ncurses-6.0-gcc-6.3.0-ucbhcdy               pkg-config-0.29.2-gcc-6.3.0-jpgubk3      util-macros-1.19.1-gcc-6.3.0-xorz2x2
+   flex-2.6.3-gcc-4.8-yf345oo          libxml2-2.9.4-gcc-6.3.0-rltzsdh            netlib-lapack-3.6.1-gcc-6.3.0-js33dog       py-appdirs-1.4.0-gcc-6.3.0-jxawmw7       xz-5.2.3-gcc-4.8-mew4log
+   gcc-6.3.0-gcc-4.8-24puqve           lmod-7.4.1-gcc-4.8-je4srhr                 netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-5aidk4l    py-numpy-1.12.0-gcc-6.3.0-oemmoeu        xz-5.2.3-gcc-6.3.0-3vqeuvb
+   gettext-0.19.8.1-gcc-4.8-yymghlh    lua-5.3.4-gcc-4.8-im75yaz                  netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-hjsemcn    py-packaging-16.8-gcc-6.3.0-i2n3dtl      zip-3.0-gcc-4.8-rwar22d
+   gmp-6.1.2-gcc-4.8-5ub2wu5           lua-luafilesystem-1_6_3-gcc-4.8-wkey3nl    netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-jva724b    py-pyparsing-2.1.10-gcc-6.3.0-tbo6gmw    zlib-1.2.11-gcc-4.8-pgxsxv7
+   help2man-1.47.4-gcc-4.8-kcnqmau     lua-luaposix-33.4.0-gcc-4.8-mdod2ry        netlib-scalapack-2.0.2-gcc-6.3.0-rgqfr6d    py-scipy-0.19.0-gcc-6.3.0-kr7nat4        zlib-1.2.11-gcc-6.3.0-7cqp6cj
 
 The names should look familiar, as they resemble the output from ``spack find``.
-For example, you could type the following command to load the ``cmake`` module:
+You *can* use the modules here directly.  For example, you could type either of these commands
+to load the ``cmake`` module:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ module load cmake/3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby
+   $ use cmake-3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ module load cmake-3.7.2-gcc-6.3.0-fowuuby
 
 Neither of these is particularly pretty, easy to remember, or easy to
 type. Luckily, Spack offers many facilities for customizing the module
@@ -89,17 +70,33 @@ scheme used at your site.
 Module file customization
 -------------------------
 
+Module files are generated by post-install hooks after the successful
+installation of a package.
+
+.. note::
+
+   Spack only generates modulefiles when a package is installed. If
+   you attempt to install a package and it is already installed, Spack
+   will not regenerate modulefiles for the package. This may lead to
+   inconsistent modulefiles if the Spack module configuration has
+   changed since the package was installed, either by editing a file
+   or changing scopes or environments.
+
+   Later in this section there is a subsection on :ref:`regenerating
+   modules <cmd-spack-module-refresh>` that will allow you to bring
+   your modules to a consistent state.
+
 The table below summarizes the essential information associated with
 the different file formats that can be generated by Spack:
 
 
-  +-----------+--------------+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
-  |           | Hierarchical |  **Default root directory**  | **Default template file**                    | **Compatible tools** |
-  +===========+==============+==============================+==============================================+======================+
-  |  ``tcl``  | No           | share/spack/modules          | share/spack/templates/modules/modulefile.tcl | Env. Modules/Lmod    |
-  +-----------+--------------+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
-  |  ``lmod`` | Yes          | share/spack/lmod             | share/spack/templates/modules/modulefile.lua | Lmod                 |
-  +-----------+--------------+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+  +-----------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+  |                             | **Hook name**      |  **Default root directory**   | **Default template file**                    | **Compatible tools** |
+  +=============================+====================+===============================+==============================================+======================+
+  |  **TCL - Non-Hierarchical** | ``tcl``            |  share/spack/modules          | share/spack/templates/modules/modulefile.tcl | Env. Modules/LMod    |
+  +-----------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+  |  **Lua - Hierarchical**     | ``lmod``           |  share/spack/lmod             | share/spack/templates/modules/modulefile.lua | LMod                 |
+  +-----------------------------+--------------------+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------+----------------------+
 
 
 Spack ships with sensible defaults for the generation of module files, but
@@ -110,7 +107,7 @@ In general you can override or extend the default behavior by:
  2. writing specific rules in the ``modules.yaml`` configuration file
  3. writing your own templates to override or extend the defaults
 
-The former method lets you express changes in the run-time environment
+The former method let you express changes in the run-time environment
 that are needed to use the installed software properly, e.g. injecting variables
 from language interpreters into their extensions. The latter two instead permit to
 fine tune the filesystem layout, content and creation of module files to meet
@@ -118,62 +115,79 @@ site specific conventions.
 
 .. _overide-api-calls-in-package-py:
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Setting environment variables dynamically in ``package.py``
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Override API calls in ``package.py``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-There are two methods that you can implement in any ``package.py`` to dynamically affect the
-content of the module files generated by Spack. The most important one is
-``setup_run_environment``, which can be used to set environment variables in the module file that
-depend on the spec:
+There are two methods that you can override in any ``package.py`` to affect the
+content of the module files generated by Spack. The first one:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def setup_run_environment(self, env):
-       if self.spec.satisfies("+foo"):
-           env.set("FOO", "bar")
+       pass
 
-The second, less commonly used, is ``setup_dependent_run_environment(self, env, dependent_spec)``,
-which allows a dependency to set variables in the module file of its dependents. This is typically
-used in packages like ``python``, ``r``, or ``perl`` to prepend the dependent's prefix to the
-search path of the interpreter (``PYTHONPATH``, ``R_LIBS``, ``PERL5LIB`` resp.), so it can locate
-the packages at runtime.
-
-For example, a simplified version of the ``python`` package could look like this:
+can alter the content of the module file associated with the same package where it is overridden.
+The second method:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
    def setup_dependent_run_environment(self, env, dependent_spec):
-       if dependent_spec.package.extends(self.spec):
-           env.prepend_path("PYTHONPATH", dependent_spec.prefix.lib.python)
+       pass
 
-and would make any package that ``extends("python")`` have its library directory added to the
-``PYTHONPATH`` environment variable in the module file. It's much more convenient to set this
-variable here, than to repeat it in every Python extension's ``setup_run_environment`` method.
+can instead inject run-time environment modifications in the module files of packages
+that depend on it. In both cases you need to fill ``env`` with the desired
+list of environment modifications.
+
+.. admonition:: The ``r`` package and callback APIs
+
+  An example in which it is crucial to override both methods
+  is given by the ``r`` package. This package installs libraries and headers
+  in non-standard locations and it is possible to prepend the appropriate directory
+  to the corresponding environment variables:
+
+  ================== =================================
+   LD_LIBRARY_PATH    ``self.prefix/rlib/R/lib``
+   PKG_CONFIG_PATH    ``self.prefix/rlib/pkgconfig``
+  ================== =================================
+
+  with the following snippet:
+
+  .. literalinclude:: _spack_root/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/r/package.py
+     :pyobject: R.setup_run_environment
+
+  The ``r`` package also knows which environment variable should be modified
+  to make language extensions provided by other packages available, and modifies
+  it appropriately in the override of the second method:
+
+  .. literalinclude:: _spack_root/var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/r/package.py
+     :pyobject: R.setup_dependent_run_environment
 
 .. _modules-yaml:
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-The ``modules.yaml`` config file and module sets
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Write a configuration file
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-The configuration files that control module generation behavior are named ``modules.yaml``. The
-default configuration looks like this:
+The configuration files that control module generation behavior
+are named ``modules.yaml``. The default configuration:
 
 .. literalinclude:: _spack_root/etc/spack/defaults/modules.yaml
    :language: yaml
 
-You can define one or more **module sets**, each of which can be configured separately with regard
-to install location, naming scheme, inclusion and exclusion, autoloading, et cetera.
+activates the hooks to generate ``tcl`` module files and inspects
+the installation folder of each package for the presence of a set of subdirectories
+(``bin``, ``man``, ``share/man``, etc.). If any is found its full path is prepended
+to the environment variables listed below the folder name.
 
-The default module set is aptly named ``default``. All
-:ref:`Spack commands that operate on modules <maintaining-module-files>` apply to the ``default``
-module set, unless another module set is specified explicitly (with the ``--name`` flag).
+Spack modules can be configured for multiple module sets. The default
+module set is named ``default``. All Spack commands which operate on
+modules default to apply the ``default`` module set, but can be
+applied to any module set in the configuration.
 
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""
 Changing the modules root
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
 As shown in the table above, the default module root for ``lmod`` is
 ``$spack/share/spack/lmod`` and the default root for ``tcl`` is
@@ -189,7 +203,7 @@ set by changing the ``roots`` key of the configuration.
      my_custom_lmod_modules:
        roots:
          lmod: /path/to/install/custom/lmod/modules
-         # ...
+         ...
 
 This configuration will create two module sets. The default module set
 will install its ``tcl`` modules to ``/path/to/install/tcl/modules``
@@ -215,32 +229,25 @@ location could be confusing to users of your modules. In the next
 section, we will discuss enabling and disabling module types (module
 file generators) for each module set.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Automatically generating module files
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+""""""""""""""""""""
+Activate other hooks
+""""""""""""""""""""
 
-Spack can be configured to automatically generate module files as part of package installation.
-This is done by adding the desired module systems to the ``enable`` list.
+Any other module file generator shipped with Spack can be activated adding it to the
+list under the ``enable`` key in the module file. Currently the only generator that
+is not active by default is ``lmod``, which produces hierarchical lua module files.
+
+Each module system can then be configured separately. In fact, you should list configuration
+options that affect a particular type of module files under a top level key corresponding
+to the generator being customized:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    modules:
      default:
        enable:
-       - tcl
-       - lmod
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Configuring ``tcl`` and ``lmod`` modules
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-You can configure the behavior of either module system separately, under a key corresponding to
-the generator being customized:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   modules:
-     default:
+         - tcl
+         - lmod
        tcl:
          # contains environment modules specific customizations
        lmod:
@@ -251,82 +258,16 @@ either change the layout of the module files on the filesystem, or they will aff
 their content. For the latter point it is possible to use anonymous specs
 to fine tune the set of packages on which the modifications should be applied.
 
-.. _autoloading-dependencies:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Autoloading and hiding dependencies
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-A module file should set the variables that are needed for an application to work. But since an
-application often has many dependencies, where should all the environment variables for those be
-set? In Spack the rule is that each package sets the runtime variables that are needed by the
-package itself, and no more. This way, dependencies can be loaded standalone too, and duplication
-of environment variables is avoided.
-
-That means however that if you want to use an application, you need to load the modules for all its
-dependencies. Of course this is not something you would want users to do manually.
-
-Since Spack knows the dependency graph of every package, it can easily generate module files that
-automatically load the modules for its dependencies recursively. It is enabled by default for both
-Lmod and Environment Modules under the ``autoload: direct`` config option. The former system has
-builtin support through the ``depends_on`` function, the latter simply uses a ``module load``
-statement. Both module systems (at least in newer versions) do reference counting, so that if a
-module is loaded by two different modules, it will only be unloaded after the others are.
-
-The ``autoload`` key accepts the values:
-
-  * ``none``: no autoloading
-  * ``run``: autoload direct *run* type dependencies
-  * ``direct``: autoload direct *link and run* type dependencies
-  * ``all``: autoload all dependencies
-
-In case of ``run`` and ``direct``, a ``module load`` triggers a recursive load.
-
-The ``direct`` option is most correct: there are cases where pure link dependencies need to set
-variables for themselves, or need to have variables of their own dependencies set.
-
-In practice however, ``run`` is often sufficient, and may make ``module load`` snappier.
-
-The ``all`` option is discouraged and seldomly used.
-
-A common complaint about autoloading is the large number of modules that are visible to the user.
-Spack has a solution for this as well: ``hide_implicits: true``. This ensures that only those
-packages you've explicitly installed are exposed by ``module avail``, but still allows for
-autoloading of hidden dependencies. Lmod should support hiding implicits in general, while
-Environment Modules requires version 4.7 or higher.
-
-.. note::
-   If supported by your module system, we highly encourage the following configuration that enables
-   autoloading and hiding of implicits. It ensures all runtime variables are set correctly,
-   including those for dependencies, without overwhelming the user with a large number of available
-   modules. Further, it makes it easier to get readable module names without collisions, see the
-   section below on :ref:`modules-projections`.
-
-    .. code-block:: yaml
-  
-        modules:
-          default:
-            tcl:
-              hide_implicits: true
-              all:
-                autoload: direct # or `run`
-            lmod:
-              hide_implicits: true
-              all:
-                autoload: direct # or `run`
-
 .. _anonymous_specs:
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Setting environment variables for selected packages in config
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+Selection by anonymous specs
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
-In the configuration file you can filter particular specs, and make further changes to the
-environment variables that go into their module files. This is very powerful when you want to avoid
-:ref:`modifying the package itself <overide-api-calls-in-package-py>`, or when you want to set
-certain variables on multiple selected packages at once.
-
-For instance, in the snippet below:
+In the configuration file you can use *anonymous specs* (i.e. specs
+that **are not required to have a root package** and are thus used just
+to express constraints) to apply certain modifications on a selected set
+of the installed software. For instance, in the snippet below:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
@@ -339,12 +280,10 @@ For instance, in the snippet below:
              set:
                BAR: 'bar'
          # This anonymous spec selects any package that
-         # depends on mpi. The double colon at the
+         # depends on openmpi. The double colon at the
          # end clears the set of rules that matched so far.
-         ^mpi::
+         ^openmpi::
            environment:
-             prepend_path:
-               PATH: '{^mpi.prefix}/bin'
              set:
                BAR: 'baz'
          # Selects any zlib package
@@ -359,9 +298,7 @@ For instance, in the snippet below:
              - FOOBAR
 
 you are instructing Spack to set the environment variable ``BAR=bar`` for every module,
-unless the associated spec satisfies the abstract dependency ``^mpi`` in which case
-``BAR=baz``, and the directory containing the respective MPI executables is prepended
-to the ``PATH`` variable.
+unless the associated spec satisfies ``^openmpi`` in which case ``BAR=baz``.
 In addition in any spec that satisfies ``zlib`` the value ``foo`` will be
 prepended to ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH`` and in any spec that satisfies ``zlib%gcc@4.8``
 the variable ``FOOBAR`` will be unset.
@@ -369,28 +306,12 @@ the variable ``FOOBAR`` will be unset.
 .. note::
    Order does matter
      The modifications associated with the ``all`` keyword are always evaluated
-     first, no matter where they appear in the configuration file. All the other changes to
-     environment variables for matching specs are evaluated from top to bottom.
+     first, no matter where they appear in the configuration file. All the other
+     spec constraints are instead evaluated top to bottom.
 
-.. warning::
-
-     As general advice, it's often better to set as few unnecessary variables as possible. For
-     example, the following seemingly innocent and potentially useful configuration
-
-     .. code-block:: yaml
-
-        all:
-          environment:
-            set:
-              "{name}_ROOT": "{prefix}"
-
-     sets ``BINUTILS_ROOT`` to its prefix in modules for ``binutils``, which happens to break
-     the ``gcc`` compiler: it uses this variable as its default search path for certain object
-     files and libraries, and by merely setting it, everything fails to link.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 Exclude or include specific module files
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
 You can use anonymous specs also to prevent module files from being written or
 to force them to be written. Consider the case where you want to hide from users
@@ -410,19 +331,14 @@ you will prevent the generation of module files for any package that
 is compiled with ``gcc@4.4.7``, with the only exception of any ``gcc``
 or any ``llvm`` installation.
 
-It is safe to combine ``exclude`` and ``autoload``
-:ref:`mentioned above <autoloading-dependencies>`. When ``exclude`` prevents a module file to be
-generated for a dependency, the ``autoload`` feature will simply not generate a statement to load
-it.
-
 
 .. _modules-projections:
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 Customize the naming of modules
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
-The names of environment modules generated by Spack are not always easy to
+The names of environment modules generated by spack are not always easy to
 fully comprehend due to the long hash in the name. There are three module
 configuration options to help with that. The first is a global setting to
 adjust the hash length. It can be set anywhere from 0 to 32 and has a default
@@ -438,13 +354,6 @@ shows how to set hash length in the module file names:
        tcl:
          hash_length: 7
 
-.. tip::
-
-   Using ``hide_implicits: true`` (see :ref:`autoloading-dependencies`) vastly reduces the number
-   modules exposed to the user. The hidden modules always contain the hash in their name, and are
-   not influenced by the ``hash_length`` setting. Hidden implicits thus make it easier to use a
-   short hash length or no hash at all, without risking name conflicts.
-
 To help make module names more readable, and to help alleviate name conflicts
 with a short hash, one can use the ``suffixes`` option in the modules
 configuration file. This option will add strings to modules that match a spec.
@@ -457,12 +366,12 @@ For instance, the following config options,
        tcl:
          all:
            suffixes:
-             ^python@3.12: 'python-3.12'
+             ^python@2.7.12: 'python-2.7.12'
              ^openblas: 'openblas'
 
-will add a ``python-3.12`` version string to any packages compiled with
-Python matching the spec, ``python@3.12``. This is useful to know which
-version of Python a set of Python extensions is associated with. Likewise, the
+will add a ``python-2.7.12`` version string to any packages compiled with
+python matching the spec, ``python@2.7.12``. This is useful to know which
+version of python a set of python extensions is associated with. Likewise, the
 ``openblas`` string is attached to any program that has openblas in the spec,
 most likely via the ``+blas`` variant specification.
 
@@ -487,41 +396,39 @@ name and version for all packages that depend on mpi.
 
 When specifying module names by projection for Lmod modules, we
 recommend NOT including names of dependencies (e.g., MPI, compilers)
-that are already in the Lmod hierarchy.
+that are already in the LMod hierarchy.
 
 
 
 .. note::
-   Tcl and Lua modules also allow for explicit conflicts between modulefiles.
+   TCL modules
+     TCL modules also allow for explicit conflicts between modulefiles.
 
-   .. code-block:: yaml
+     .. code-block:: yaml
 
-      modules:
-        default:
-          enable:
-            - tcl
-          tcl:
-            projections:
-              all: '{name}/{version}-{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}'
-            all:
-              conflict:
-                - '{name}'
-                - 'intel/14.0.1'
+        modules:
+          default:
+            enable:
+              - tcl
+            tcl:
+              projections:
+                all: '{name}/{version}-{compiler.name}-{compiler.version}'
+              all:
+                conflict:
+                  - '{name}'
+                  - 'intel/14.0.1'
 
-   will create module files that will conflict with ``intel/14.0.1`` and with the
-   base directory of the same module, effectively preventing the possibility to
-   load two or more versions of the same software at the same time. The tokens
-   that are available for use in this directive are the same understood by the
-   :meth:`~spack.spec.Spec.format` method.
-
-   For Lmod and Environment Modules versions prior 4.2, it is important to
-   express the conflict on both modulefiles conflicting with each other.
+     will create module files that will conflict with ``intel/14.0.1`` and with the
+     base directory of the same module, effectively preventing the possibility to
+     load two or more versions of the same software at the same time. The tokens
+     that are available for use in this directive are the same understood by
+     the :meth:`~spack.spec.Spec.format` method.
 
 
 .. note::
-   Lmod hierarchical module files
+   LMod hierarchical module files
      When ``lmod`` is activated Spack will generate a set of hierarchical lua module
-     files that are understood by Lmod. The hierarchy will always contain the
+     files that are understood by LMod. The hierarchy will always contain the
      two layers ``Core`` / ``Compiler`` but can be further extended to
      any of the virtual dependencies present in Spack. A case that could be useful in
      practice is for instance:
@@ -543,7 +450,7 @@ that are already in the Lmod hierarchy.
 
      that will generate a hierarchy in which the ``lapack`` and ``mpi`` layer can be switched
      independently. This allows a site to build the same libraries or applications against different
-     implementations of ``mpi`` and ``lapack``, and let Lmod switch safely from one to the
+     implementations of ``mpi`` and ``lapack``, and let LMod switch safely from one to the
      other.
 
      All packages built with a compiler in ``core_compilers`` and all
@@ -553,18 +460,48 @@ that are already in the Lmod hierarchy.
 .. warning::
   Consistency of Core packages
    The user is responsible for maintining consistency among core packages, as ``core_specs``
-   bypasses the hierarchy that allows Lmod to safely switch between coherent software stacks.
+   bypasses the hierarchy that allows LMod to safely switch between coherent software stacks.
 
 .. warning::
   Deep hierarchies and ``lmod spider``
    For hierarchies that are deeper than three layers ``lmod spider`` may have some issues.
-   See `this discussion on the Lmod project <https://github.com/TACC/Lmod/issues/114>`_.
+   See `this discussion on the LMod project <https://github.com/TACC/Lmod/issues/114>`_.
+
+""""""""""""""""""""""
+Select default modules
+""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+By default, when multiple modules of the same name share a directory,
+the highest version number will be the default module. This behavior
+of the ``module`` command can be overridden with a symlink named
+``default`` to the desired default module. If you wish to configure
+default modules with Spack, add a ``defaults`` key to your modules
+configuration:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  modules:
+    my-module-set:
+      tcl:
+        defaults:
+        - gcc@10.2.1
+        - hdf5@1.2.10+mpi+hl%gcc
+
+These defaults may be arbitrarily specific. For any package that
+satisfies a default, Spack will generate the module file in the
+appropriate path, and will generate a default symlink to the module
+file as well.
+
+.. warning::
+  If Spack is configured to generate multiple default packages in the
+  same directory, the last modulefile to be generated will be the
+  default module.
 
 .. _customize-env-modifications:
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 Customize environment modifications
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
 You can control which prefixes in a Spack package are added to
 environment variables with the ``prefix_inspections`` section; this
@@ -581,11 +518,11 @@ inspections and customize them per-module-set.
 
   modules:
     prefix_inspections:
-      ./bin:
+      bin:
         - PATH
-      ./man:
+      man:
         - MANPATH
-      ./:
+      '':
         - CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
 
 Prefix inspections are only applied if the relative path inside the
@@ -597,7 +534,7 @@ installed to ``/spack/prefix/foo``, if ``foo`` installs executables to
 update ``MANPATH``.
 
 The default list of environment variables in this config section
-includes ``PATH``, ``MANPATH``, ``ACLOCAL_PATH``, ``PKG_CONFIG_PATH``
+inludes ``PATH``, ``MANPATH``, ``ACLOCAL_PATH``, ``PKG_CONFIG_PATH``
 and ``CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH``, as well as ``DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH``
 on macOS. On Linux however, the corresponding ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH``
 variable is *not* set, because it affects the behavior of
@@ -641,7 +578,7 @@ the view.
        view_relative_modules:
          use_view: my_view
        prefix_inspections:
-         ./bin:
+         bin:
            - PATH
      view:
        my_view:
@@ -662,9 +599,9 @@ stack to users who are likely to inspect the modules to find full
 paths to software, when it is desirable to present the users with a
 simpler set of paths than those generated by the Spack install tree.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 Filter out environment modifications
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 
 Modifications to certain environment variables in module files are there by
 default, for instance because they are generated by prefix inspections.
@@ -684,37 +621,46 @@ do so by using the ``exclude_env_vars``:
 The configuration above will generate module files that will not contain
 modifications to either ``CPATH`` or ``LIBRARY_PATH``.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Select default modules
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-By default, when multiple modules of the same name share a directory,
-the highest version number will be the default module. This behavior
-of the ``module`` command can be overridden with a symlink named
-``default`` to the desired default module. If you wish to configure
-default modules with Spack, add a ``defaults`` key to your modules
-configuration:
+.. _autoloading-dependencies:
+
+"""""""""""""""""""""
+Autoload dependencies
+"""""""""""""""""""""
+
+Often it is required for a module to have its (transient) dependencies loaded as well.
+One example where this is useful is when one package needs to use executables provided
+by its dependency; when the dependency is autoloaded, the executable will be in the
+PATH. Similarly for scripting languages such as Python, packages and their dependencies
+have to be loaded together.
+
+Autoloading is enabled by default for LMod, as it has great builtin support for through
+the ``depends_on`` function. For Environment Modules it is disabled by default.
+
+Autoloading can also be enabled conditionally:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
-  modules:
-    my-module-set:
-      tcl:
-        defaults:
-        - gcc@10.2.1
-        - hdf5@1.2.10+mpi+hl%gcc
+    modules:
+      default:
+        tcl:
+          all:
+            autoload: none
+          ^python:
+            autoload: direct
 
-These defaults may be arbitrarily specific. For any package that
-satisfies a default, Spack will generate the module file in the
-appropriate path, and will generate a default symlink to the module
-file as well.
+The configuration file above will produce module files that will
+load their direct dependencies if the package installed depends on ``python``.
+The allowed values for the ``autoload`` statement are either ``none``,
+``direct`` or ``all``.
 
-.. warning::
-  If Spack is configured to generate multiple default packages in the
-  same directory, the last modulefile to be generated will be the
-  default module.
-
-.. _maintaining-module-files:
+.. note::
+  TCL prerequisites
+     In the ``tcl`` section of the configuration file it is possible to use
+     the ``prerequisites`` directive that accepts the same values as
+     ``autoload``. It will produce module files that have a ``prereq``
+     statement, which can be used to autoload dependencies in some versions
+     of Environment Modules.
 
 ------------------------
 Maintaining Module Files
@@ -835,35 +781,35 @@ cut-and-pasted into a shell script.  For example:
 
     $ spack module tcl loads --dependencies py-numpy git
     # bzip2@1.0.6%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load bzip2/1.0.6-gcc-4.9.3-ktnrhkrmbbtlvnagfatrarzjojmkvzsx
+    module load bzip2-1.0.6-gcc-4.9.3-ktnrhkrmbbtlvnagfatrarzjojmkvzsx
     # ncurses@6.0%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load ncurses/6.0-gcc-4.9.3-kaazyneh3bjkfnalunchyqtygoe2mncv
+    module load ncurses-6.0-gcc-4.9.3-kaazyneh3bjkfnalunchyqtygoe2mncv
     # zlib@1.2.8%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load zlib/1.2.8-gcc-4.9.3-v3ufwaahjnviyvgjcelo36nywx2ufj7z
+    module load zlib-1.2.8-gcc-4.9.3-v3ufwaahjnviyvgjcelo36nywx2ufj7z
     # sqlite@3.8.5%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load sqlite/3.8.5-gcc-4.9.3-a3eediswgd5f3rmto7g3szoew5nhehbr
+    module load sqlite-3.8.5-gcc-4.9.3-a3eediswgd5f3rmto7g3szoew5nhehbr
     # readline@6.3%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load readline/6.3-gcc-4.9.3-se6r3lsycrwxyhreg4lqirp6xixxejh3
+    module load readline-6.3-gcc-4.9.3-se6r3lsycrwxyhreg4lqirp6xixxejh3
     # python@3.5.1%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load python/3.5.1-gcc-4.9.3-5q5rsrtjld4u6jiicuvtnx52m7tfhegi
+    module load python-3.5.1-gcc-4.9.3-5q5rsrtjld4u6jiicuvtnx52m7tfhegi
     # py-setuptools@20.5%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load py-setuptools/20.5-gcc-4.9.3-4qr2suj6p6glepnedmwhl4f62x64wxw2
+    module load py-setuptools-20.5-gcc-4.9.3-4qr2suj6p6glepnedmwhl4f62x64wxw2
     # py-nose@1.3.7%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load py-nose/1.3.7-gcc-4.9.3-pwhtjw2dvdvfzjwuuztkzr7b4l6zepli
+    module load py-nose-1.3.7-gcc-4.9.3-pwhtjw2dvdvfzjwuuztkzr7b4l6zepli
     # openblas@0.2.17%gcc@4.9.3+shared=linux-x86_64
-    module load openblas/0.2.17-gcc-4.9.3-pw6rmlom7apfsnjtzfttyayzc7nx5e7y
+    module load openblas-0.2.17-gcc-4.9.3-pw6rmlom7apfsnjtzfttyayzc7nx5e7y
     # py-numpy@1.11.0%gcc@4.9.3+blas+lapack=linux-x86_64
-    module load py-numpy/1.11.0-gcc-4.9.3-mulodttw5pcyjufva4htsktwty4qd52r
+    module load py-numpy-1.11.0-gcc-4.9.3-mulodttw5pcyjufva4htsktwty4qd52r
     # curl@7.47.1%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load curl/7.47.1-gcc-4.9.3-ohz3fwsepm3b462p5lnaquv7op7naqbi
+    module load curl-7.47.1-gcc-4.9.3-ohz3fwsepm3b462p5lnaquv7op7naqbi
     # autoconf@2.69%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load autoconf/2.69-gcc-4.9.3-bkibjqhgqm5e3o423ogfv2y3o6h2uoq4
+    module load autoconf-2.69-gcc-4.9.3-bkibjqhgqm5e3o423ogfv2y3o6h2uoq4
     # cmake@3.5.0%gcc@4.9.3~doc+ncurses+openssl~qt=linux-x86_64
-    module load cmake/3.5.0-gcc-4.9.3-x7xnsklmgwla3ubfgzppamtbqk5rwn7t
+    module load cmake-3.5.0-gcc-4.9.3-x7xnsklmgwla3ubfgzppamtbqk5rwn7t
     # expat@2.1.0%gcc@4.9.3=linux-x86_64
-    module load expat/2.1.0-gcc-4.9.3-6pkz2ucnk2e62imwakejjvbv6egncppd
+    module load expat-2.1.0-gcc-4.9.3-6pkz2ucnk2e62imwakejjvbv6egncppd
     # git@2.8.0-rc2%gcc@4.9.3+curl+expat=linux-x86_64
-    module load git/2.8.0-rc2-gcc-4.9.3-3bib4hqtnv5xjjoq5ugt3inblt4xrgkd
+    module load git-2.8.0-rc2-gcc-4.9.3-3bib4hqtnv5xjjoq5ugt3inblt4xrgkd
 
 The script may be further edited by removing unnecessary modules.
 
@@ -882,12 +828,12 @@ For example, consider the following on one system:
 .. code-block:: console
 
     $ module avail
-    linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr/2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
+    linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr-2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
 
     $ spack module tcl loads antlr    # WRONG!
     # antlr@2.7.7%gcc@5.3.0~csharp+cxx~java~python arch=linux-SuSE11-x86_64
-    module load antlr/2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
+    module load antlr-2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
 
     $ spack module tcl loads --prefix linux-SuSE11-x86_64/ antlr
     # antlr@2.7.7%gcc@5.3.0~csharp+cxx~java~python arch=linux-SuSE11-x86_64
-    module load linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr/2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y
+    module load linux-SuSE11-x86_64/antlr-2.7.7-gcc-5.3.0-bdpl46y

lib/spack/docs/monitoring.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+.. _monitoring:
+
+==========
+Monitoring
+==========
+
+You can use a `spack monitor <https://github.com/spack/spack-monitor>`_ "Spackmon"
+server to store a database of your packages, builds, and associated metadata 
+for provenance, research, or some other kind of development. You should
+follow the instructions in the `spack monitor documentation <https://spack-monitor.readthedocs.org>`_
+to first create a server along with a username and token for yourself.
+You can then use this guide to interact with the server.
+
+-------------------
+Analysis Monitoring
+-------------------
+
+To read about how to monitor an analysis (meaning you want to send analysis results
+to a server) see :ref:`analyze_monitoring`.
+
+---------------------
+Monitoring An Install
+---------------------
+
+Since an install is typically when you build packages, we logically want
+to tell spack to monitor during this step. Let's start with an example
+where we want to monitor the install of hdf5. Unless you have disabled authentication
+for the server, we first want to export our spack monitor token and username to the environment:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+ 
+    $ export SPACKMON_TOKEN=50445263afd8f67e59bd79bff597836ee6c05438
+    $ export SPACKMON_USER=spacky
+
+
+By default, the host for your server is expected to be at ``http://127.0.0.1``
+with a prefix of ``ms1``, and if this is the case, you can simply add the
+``--monitor`` flag to the install command:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack install --monitor hdf5
+
+
+If you need to customize the host or the prefix, you can do that as well:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack install --monitor --monitor-prefix monitor --monitor-host https://monitor-service.io hdf5
+
+
+As a precaution, we cut out early in the spack client if you have not provided
+authentication credentials. For example, if you run the command above without
+exporting your username or token, you'll see:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    ==> Error: You are required to export SPACKMON_TOKEN and SPACKMON_USER
+
+This extra check is to ensure that we don't start any builds,
+and then discover that you forgot to export your token. However, if 
+your monitoring server has authentication disabled, you can tell this to
+the client to skip this step:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack install --monitor --monitor-disable-auth hdf5
+
+If the service is not running, you'll cleanly exit early - the install will
+not continue if you've asked it to monitor and there is no service.
+For example, here is what you'll see if the monitoring service is not running:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    [Errno 111] Connection refused
+
+
+If you want to continue builds (and stop monitoring) you can set the ``--monitor-keep-going``
+flag. 
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack install --monitor --monitor-keep-going hdf5
+
+This could mean that if a request fails, you only have partial or no data
+added to your monitoring database. This setting will not be applied to the
+first request to check if the server is running, but to subsequent requests.
+If you don't have a monitor server running and you want to build, simply
+don't provide the ``--monitor`` flag! Finally, if you want to provide one or
+more tags to your build, you can do:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    # Add one tag, "pizza"
+    $ spack install --monitor --monitor-tags pizza hdf5
+
+    # Add two tags, "pizza" and "pasta"
+    $ spack install --monitor --monitor-tags pizza,pasta hdf5
+
+
+----------------------------
+Monitoring with Containerize
+----------------------------
+
+The same argument group is available to add to a containerize command. 
+
+^^^^^^
+Docker
+^^^^^^
+
+To add monitoring to a Docker container recipe generation using the defaults,
+and assuming a monitor server running on localhost, you would
+start with a spack.yaml in your present working directory:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   spack:
+     specs:
+       - samtools
+
+And then do:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    # preview first
+    spack containerize --monitor
+    
+    # and then write to a Dockerfile
+    spack containerize --monitor > Dockerfile
+    
+    
+The install command will be edited to include commands for enabling monitoring.
+However, getting secrets into the container for your monitor server is something
+that should be done carefully. Specifically you should:
+
+ - Never try to define secrets as ENV, ARG, or using ``--build-arg``
+ - Do not try to get the secret into the container via a "temporary" file that you remove (it in fact will still exist in a layer)
+
+Instead, it's recommended to use buildkit `as explained here <https://pythonspeed.com/articles/docker-build-secrets/>`_.
+You'll need to again export environment variables for your spack monitor server:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ export SPACKMON_TOKEN=50445263afd8f67e59bd79bff597836ee6c05438
+    $ export SPACKMON_USER=spacky
+
+And then use buildkit along with your build and identifying the name of the secret:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build --secret id=st,env=SPACKMON_TOKEN --secret id=su,env=SPACKMON_USER -t spack/container . 
+    
+The secrets are expected to come from your environment, and then will be temporarily mounted and available
+at ``/run/secrets/<name>``. If you forget to supply them (and authentication is required) the build
+will fail. If you need to build on your host (and interact with a spack monitor at localhost) you'll
+need to tell Docker to use the host network:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build --network="host" --secret id=st,env=SPACKMON_TOKEN --secret id=su,env=SPACKMON_USER -t spack/container . 
+    
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+Singularity
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+To add monitoring to a Singularity container build, the spack.yaml needs to
+be modified slightly to specify wanting a different format:
+
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   spack:
+     specs:
+       - samtools
+     container:
+       format: singularity
+       
+       
+Again, generate the recipe:
+
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    # preview first
+    $ spack containerize --monitor
+    
+    # then write to a Singularity recipe
+    $ spack containerize --monitor > Singularity
+
+
+Singularity doesn't have a direct way to define secrets at build time, so we have
+to do a bit of a manual command to add a file, source secrets in it, and remove it.
+Since Singularity doesn't have layers like Docker, deleting a file will truly
+remove it from the container and history. So let's say we have this file,
+``secrets.sh``:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    # secrets.sh
+    export SPACKMON_USER=spack
+    export SPACKMON_TOKEN=50445263afd8f67e59bd79bff597836ee6c05438
+
+
+We would then generate the Singularity recipe, and add a files section,
+a source of that file at the start of ``%post``, and **importantly**
+a removal of the final at the end of that same section.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+    Bootstrap: docker
+    From: spack/ubuntu-bionic:latest
+    Stage: build
+
+    %files
+      secrets.sh /opt/secrets.sh 
+
+    %post
+      . /opt/secrets.sh
+
+      # spack install commands are here
+      ...
+      
+      # Don't forget to remove here!
+      rm /opt/secrets.sh
+
+
+You can then build the container as your normally would.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ sudo singularity build container.sif Singularity 
+
+
+------------------
+Monitoring Offline
+------------------
+
+In the case that you want to save monitor results to your filesystem
+and then upload them later (perhaps you are in an environment where you don't
+have credentials or it isn't safe to use them) you can use the ``--monitor-save-local``
+flag.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack install --monitor --monitor-save-local hdf5 
+
+This will save results in a subfolder, "monitor" in your designated spack
+reports folder, which defaults to ``$HOME/.spack/reports/monitor``. When
+you are ready to upload them to a spack monitor server:
+
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ spack monitor upload ~/.spack/reports/monitor 
+
+
+You can choose the root directory of results as shown above, or a specific
+subdirectory. The command accepts other arguments to specify configuration
+for the monitor.

lib/spack/docs/package_list.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.. Copyright 2013-2022 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+
+   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+.. _package-list:
+
+============
+Package List
+============
+
+This is a list of things you can install using Spack.  It is
+automatically generated based on the packages in this Spack
+version.
+
+.. raw:: html
+   :file: package_list.html

lib/spack/docs/packages_yaml.rst

@@ -1,673 +0,0 @@
-.. Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-   Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-
-   SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-
-.. _packages-config:
-
-================================
-Package Settings (packages.yaml)
-================================
-
-Spack allows you to customize how your software is built through the
-``packages.yaml`` file.  Using it, you can make Spack prefer particular
-implementations of virtual dependencies (e.g., MPI or BLAS/LAPACK),
-or you can make it prefer to build with particular compilers.  You can
-also tell Spack to use *external* software installations already
-present on your system.
-
-At a high level, the ``packages.yaml`` file is structured like this:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     package1:
-       # settings for package1
-     package2:
-       # settings for package2
-     # ...
-     all:
-       # settings that apply to all packages.
-
-So you can either set build preferences specifically for *one* package,
-or you can specify that certain settings should apply to *all* packages.
-The types of settings you can customize are described in detail below.
-
-Spack's build defaults are in the default
-``etc/spack/defaults/packages.yaml`` file.  You can override them in
-``~/.spack/packages.yaml`` or ``etc/spack/packages.yaml``. For more
-details on how this works, see :ref:`configuration-scopes`.
-
-.. _sec-external-packages:
-
------------------
-External Packages
------------------
-
-Spack can be configured to use externally-installed
-packages rather than building its own packages. This may be desirable
-if machines ship with system packages, such as a customized MPI
-that should be used instead of Spack building its own MPI.
-
-External packages are configured through the ``packages.yaml`` file.
-Here's an example of an external configuration:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     openmpi:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
-
-This example lists three installations of OpenMPI, one built with GCC,
-one built with GCC and debug information, and another built with Intel.
-If Spack is asked to build a package that uses one of these MPIs as a
-dependency, it will use the pre-installed OpenMPI in
-the given directory. Note that the specified path is the top-level
-install prefix, not the ``bin`` subdirectory.
-
-``packages.yaml`` can also be used to specify modules to load instead
-of the installation prefixes.  The following example says that module
-``CMake/3.7.2`` provides cmake version 3.7.2.
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   cmake:
-     externals:
-     - spec: cmake@3.7.2
-       modules:
-       - CMake/3.7.2
-
-Each ``packages.yaml`` begins with a ``packages:`` attribute, followed
-by a list of package names.  To specify externals, add an ``externals:``
-attribute under the package name, which lists externals.
-Each external should specify a ``spec:`` string that should be as
-well-defined as reasonably possible.  If a
-package lacks a spec component, such as missing a compiler or
-package version, then Spack will guess the missing component based
-on its most-favored packages, and it may guess incorrectly.
-
-Each package version and compiler listed in an external should
-have entries in Spack's packages and compiler configuration, even
-though the package and compiler may not ever be built.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Extra attributes for external packages
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Sometimes external packages require additional attributes to be used
-effectively. This information can be defined on a per-package basis
-and stored in the ``extra_attributes`` section of the external package
-configuration. In addition to per-package information, this section
-can be used to define environment modifications to be performed
-whenever the package is used. For example, if an external package is
-built without ``rpath`` support, it may require ``LD_LIBRARY_PATH``
-settings to find its dependencies. This could be configured as
-follows:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpich:
-       externals:
-       - spec: mpich@3.3 %clang@12.0.0 +hwloc
-         prefix: /path/to/mpich
-         extra_attributes:
-           environment:
-             prepend_path:
-               LD_LIBRARY_PATH: /path/to/hwloc/lib64
-
-See :ref:`configuration_environment_variables` for more information on
-how to configure environment modifications in Spack config files.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Prevent packages from being built from sources
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Adding an external spec in ``packages.yaml`` allows Spack to use an external location,
-but it does not prevent Spack from building packages from sources. In the above example,
-Spack might choose for many valid reasons to start building and linking with the
-latest version of OpenMPI rather than continue using the pre-installed OpenMPI versions.
-
-To prevent this, the ``packages.yaml`` configuration also allows packages
-to be flagged as non-buildable.  The previous example could be modified to
-be:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     openmpi:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
-       buildable: False
-
-The addition of the ``buildable`` flag tells Spack that it should never build
-its own version of OpenMPI from sources, and it will instead always rely on a pre-built
-OpenMPI.
-
-.. note::
-
-   If ``concretizer:reuse`` is on (see :ref:`concretizer-options` for more information on that flag)
-   pre-built specs include specs already available from a local store, an upstream store, a registered
-   buildcache or specs marked as externals in ``packages.yaml``. If ``concretizer:reuse`` is off, only
-   external specs in ``packages.yaml`` are included in the list of pre-built specs.
-
-If an external module is specified as not buildable, then Spack will load the
-external module into the build environment which can be used for linking.
-
-The ``buildable`` does not need to be paired with external packages.
-It could also be used alone to forbid packages that may be
-buggy or otherwise undesirable.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Non-buildable virtual packages
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Virtual packages in Spack can also be specified as not buildable, and
-external implementations can be provided. In the example above,
-OpenMPI is configured as not buildable, but Spack will often prefer
-other MPI implementations over the externally available OpenMPI. Spack
-can be configured with every MPI provider not buildable individually,
-but more conveniently:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpi:
-       buildable: False
-     openmpi:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
-
-Spack can then use any of the listed external implementations of MPI
-to satisfy a dependency, and will choose depending on the compiler and
-architecture.
-
-In cases where the concretizer is configured to reuse specs, and other ``mpi`` providers
-(available via stores or buildcaches) are not wanted, Spack can be configured to require
-specs matching only the available externals:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpi:
-       buildable: False
-       require:
-       - one_of: [
-           "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64",
-           "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug",
-           "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         ]
-     openmpi:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.4.3%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64+debug"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.4.3-debug
-       - spec: "openmpi@1.6.5%intel@10.1 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64"
-         prefix: /opt/openmpi-1.6.5-intel
-
-This configuration prevents any spec using MPI and originating from stores or buildcaches to be reused,
-unless it matches the requirements under ``packages:mpi:require``. For more information on requirements see
-:ref:`package-requirements`.
-
-.. _cmd-spack-external-find:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Automatically Find External Packages
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-You can run the :ref:`spack external find <spack-external-find>` command
-to search for system-provided packages and add them to ``packages.yaml``.
-After running this command your ``packages.yaml`` may include new entries:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     cmake:
-       externals:
-       - spec: cmake@3.17.2
-         prefix: /usr
-
-Generally this is useful for detecting a small set of commonly-used packages;
-for now this is generally limited to finding build-only dependencies.
-Specific limitations include:
-
-* Packages are not discoverable by default: For a package to be
-  discoverable with ``spack external find``, it needs to add special
-  logic. See :ref:`here <make-package-findable>` for more details.
-* The logic does not search through module files, it can only detect
-  packages with executables defined in ``PATH``; you can help Spack locate
-  externals which use module files by loading any associated modules for
-  packages that you want Spack to know about before running
-  ``spack external find``.
-* Spack does not overwrite existing entries in the package configuration:
-  If there is an external defined for a spec at any configuration scope,
-  then Spack will not add a new external entry (``spack config blame packages``
-  can help locate all external entries).
-
-.. _package-requirements:
-
---------------------
-Package Requirements
---------------------
-
-Spack can be configured to always use certain compilers, package
-versions, and variants during concretization through package
-requirements.
-
-Package requirements are useful when you find yourself repeatedly
-specifying the same constraints on the command line, and wish that
-Spack respects these constraints whether you mention them explicitly
-or not. Another use case is specifying constraints that should apply
-to all root specs in an environment, without having to repeat the
-constraint everywhere.
-
-Apart from that, requirements config is more flexible than constraints
-on the command line, because it can specify constraints on packages
-*when they occur* as a dependency. In contrast, on the command line it
-is not possible to specify constraints on dependencies while also keeping
-those dependencies optional.
-
-.. seealso::
-
-   FAQ: :ref:`Why does Spack pick particular versions and variants? <faq-concretizer-precedence>`
-
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Requirements syntax
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-The package requirements configuration is specified in ``packages.yaml``,
-keyed by package name and expressed using the Spec syntax. In the simplest
-case you can specify attributes that you always want the package to have
-by providing a single spec string to ``require``:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     libfabric:
-       require: "@1.13.2"
-
-In the above example, ``libfabric`` will always build with version 1.13.2. If you
-need to compose multiple configuration scopes ``require`` accepts a list of
-strings:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     libfabric:
-       require:
-       - "@1.13.2"
-       - "%gcc"
-
-In this case ``libfabric`` will always build with version 1.13.2 **and** using GCC
-as a compiler.
-
-For more complex use cases, require accepts also a list of objects. These objects
-must have either a ``any_of`` or a ``one_of`` field, containing a list of spec strings,
-and they can optionally have a ``when`` and a ``message`` attribute:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     openmpi:
-       require:
-       - any_of: ["@4.1.5", "%gcc"]
-         message: "in this example only 4.1.5 can build with other compilers"
-
-``any_of`` is a list of specs. One of those specs must be satisfied
-and it is also allowed for the concretized spec to match more than one.
-In the above example, that means you could build ``openmpi@4.1.5%gcc``,
-``openmpi@4.1.5%clang`` or ``openmpi@3.9%gcc``, but
-not ``openmpi@3.9%clang``.
-
-If a custom message is provided, and the requirement is not satisfiable,
-Spack will print the custom error message:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack spec openmpi@3.9%clang
-   ==> Error: in this example only 4.1.5 can build with other compilers
-
-We could express a similar requirement using the ``when`` attribute:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     openmpi:
-       require:
-       - any_of: ["%gcc"]
-         when: "@:4.1.4"
-         message: "in this example only 4.1.5 can build with other compilers"
-
-In the example above, if the version turns out to be 4.1.4 or less, we require the compiler to be GCC.
-For readability, Spack also allows a ``spec`` key accepting a string when there is only a single
-constraint:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     openmpi:
-       require:
-       - spec: "%gcc"
-         when: "@:4.1.4"
-         message: "in this example only 4.1.5 can build with other compilers"
-
-This code snippet and the one before it are semantically equivalent.
-
-Finally, instead of ``any_of`` you can use ``one_of`` which also takes a list of specs. The final
-concretized spec must match one and only one of them:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpich:
-       require:
-       - one_of: ["+cuda", "+rocm"]
-
-In the example above, that means you could build ``mpich+cuda`` or ``mpich+rocm`` but not ``mpich+cuda+rocm``.
-
-.. note::
-
-   For ``any_of`` and ``one_of``, the order of specs indicates a
-   preference: items that appear earlier in the list are preferred
-   (note that these preferences can be ignored in favor of others).
-
-.. note::
-
-   When using a conditional requirement, Spack is allowed to actively avoid the triggering
-   condition (the ``when=...`` spec) if that leads to a concrete spec with better scores in
-   the optimization criteria. To check the current optimization criteria and their
-   priorities you can run ``spack solve zlib``.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Setting default requirements
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-You can also set default requirements for all packages under ``all``
-like this:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       require: '%clang'
-
-which means every spec will be required to use ``clang`` as a compiler.
-
-Requirements on variants for all packages are possible too, but note that they
-are only enforced for those packages that define these variants, otherwise they
-are disregarded. For example:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       require:
-       - "+shared"
-       - "+cuda"
-
-will just enforce ``+shared`` on ``zlib``, which has a boolean ``shared`` variant but
-no ``cuda`` variant.
-
-Constraints in a single spec literal are always considered as a whole, so in a case like:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       require: "+shared +cuda"
-
-the default requirement will be enforced only if a package has both a ``cuda`` and
-a ``shared`` variant, and will never be partially enforced.
-
-Finally, ``all`` represents a *default set of requirements* -
-if there are specific package requirements, then the default requirements
-under ``all`` are disregarded. For example, with a configuration like this:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       require:
-       - 'build_type=Debug'
-       - '%clang'
-     cmake:
-       require:
-       - 'build_type=Debug'
-       - '%gcc'
-
-Spack requires ``cmake`` to use ``gcc`` and all other nodes (including ``cmake``
-dependencies) to use ``clang``. If enforcing ``build_type=Debug`` is needed also
-on ``cmake``, it must be repeated in the specific ``cmake`` requirements.
-
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Setting requirements on virtual specs
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-A requirement on a virtual spec applies whenever that virtual is present in the DAG.
-This can be useful for fixing which virtual provider you want to use:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpi:
-       require: 'mvapich2 %gcc'
-
-With the configuration above the only allowed ``mpi`` provider is ``mvapich2 %gcc``.
-
-Requirements on the virtual spec and on the specific provider are both applied, if
-present. For instance with a configuration like:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpi:
-       require: 'mvapich2 %gcc'
-     mvapich2:
-       require: '~cuda'
-
-you will use ``mvapich2~cuda %gcc`` as an ``mpi`` provider.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Conflicts and strong preferences
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-If the semantic of requirements is too strong, you can also express "strong preferences" and "conflicts"
-from configuration files:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       prefer:
-       - '%clang'
-       conflict:
-       - '+shared'
-
-The ``prefer`` and ``conflict`` sections can be used whenever a ``require`` section is allowed.
-The argument is always a list of constraints, and each constraint can be either a simple string,
-or a more complex object:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       conflict:
-       - spec: '%clang'
-         when: 'target=x86_64_v3'
-         message: 'reason why clang cannot be used'
-
-The ``spec`` attribute is mandatory, while both ``when`` and ``message`` are optional.
-
-.. note::
-
-   Requirements allow for expressing both "strong preferences" and "conflicts".
-   The syntax for doing so, though, may not be immediately clear. For
-   instance, if we want to prevent any package from using ``%clang``, we can set:
-
-   .. code-block:: yaml
-
-      packages:
-        all:
-          require:
-          - one_of: ['%clang', '@:']
-
-   Since only one of the requirements must hold, and ``@:`` is always true, the rule above is
-   equivalent to a conflict. For "strong preferences" we need to substitute the ``one_of`` policy
-   with ``any_of``.
-
-
-
-.. _package-preferences:
-
--------------------
-Package Preferences
--------------------
-
-In some cases package requirements can be too strong, and package
-preferences are the better option. Package preferences do not impose
-constraints on packages for particular versions or variants values,
-they rather only set defaults. The concretizer is free to change
-them if it must, due to other constraints, and also prefers reusing
-installed packages over building new ones that are a better match for
-preferences.
-
-.. seealso::
-
-   FAQ: :ref:`Why does Spack pick particular versions and variants? <faq-concretizer-precedence>`
-
-
-Most package preferences (``compilers``, ``target`` and ``providers``)
-can only be set globally under the ``all`` section of ``packages.yaml``:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     all:
-       compiler: [gcc@12.2.0, clang@12:, oneapi@2023:]
-       target: [x86_64_v3]
-       providers:
-         mpi: [mvapich2, mpich, openmpi]
-
-These preferences override Spack's default and effectively reorder priorities
-when looking for the best compiler, target or virtual package provider. Each
-preference takes an ordered list of spec constraints, with earlier entries in
-the list being preferred over later entries.
-
-In the example above all packages prefer to be compiled with ``gcc@12.2.0``,
-to target the ``x86_64_v3`` microarchitecture and to use ``mvapich2`` if they
-depend on ``mpi``.
-
-The ``variants`` and ``version`` preferences can be set under
-package specific sections of the ``packages.yaml`` file:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     opencv:
-       variants: +debug
-     gperftools:
-       version: [2.2, 2.4, 2.3]
-
-In this case, the preference for ``opencv`` is to build with debug options, while
-``gperftools`` prefers version 2.2 over 2.4.
-
-Any preference can be overwritten on the command line if explicitly requested.
-
-Preferences cannot overcome explicit constraints, as they only set a preferred
-ordering among homogeneous attribute values. Going back to the example, if
-``gperftools@2.3:`` was requested, then Spack will install version 2.4
-since the most preferred version 2.2 is prohibited by the version constraint.
-
-.. _package_permissions:
-
--------------------
-Package Permissions
--------------------
-
-Spack can be configured to assign permissions to the files installed
-by a package.
-
-In the ``packages.yaml`` file under ``permissions``, the attributes
-``read``, ``write``, and ``group`` control the package
-permissions. These attributes can be set per-package, or for all
-packages under ``all``. If permissions are set under ``all`` and for a
-specific package, the package-specific settings take precedence.
-
-The ``read`` and ``write`` attributes take one of ``user``, ``group``,
-and ``world``.
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-  packages:
-    all:
-      permissions:
-        write: group
-        group: spack
-    my_app:
-      permissions:
-        read: group
-        group: my_team
-
-The permissions settings describe the broadest level of access to
-installations of the specified packages. The execute permissions of
-the file are set to the same level as read permissions for those files
-that are executable. The default setting for ``read`` is ``world``,
-and for ``write`` is ``user``. In the example above, installations of
-``my_app`` will be installed with user and group permissions but no
-world permissions, and owned by the group ``my_team``. All other
-packages will be installed with user and group write privileges, and
-world read privileges. Those packages will be owned by the group
-``spack``.
-
-The ``group`` attribute assigns a Unix-style group to a package. All
-files installed by the package will be owned by the assigned group,
-and the sticky group bit will be set on the install prefix and all
-directories inside the install prefix. This will ensure that even
-manually placed files within the install prefix are owned by the
-assigned group. If no group is assigned, Spack will allow the OS
-default behavior to go as expected.
-
-.. _assigning-package-attributes:
-
-----------------------------
-Assigning Package Attributes
-----------------------------
-
-You can assign class-level attributes in the configuration:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-  packages:
-    mpileaks:
-      package_attributes:
-        # Override existing attributes
-        url: http://www.somewhereelse.com/mpileaks-1.0.tar.gz
-        # ... or add new ones
-        x: 1
-
-Attributes set this way will be accessible to any method executed
-in the package.py file (e.g. the ``install()`` method). Values for these
-attributes may be any value parseable by yaml.
-
-These can only be applied to specific packages, not "all" or
-virtual packages.