traverse: fewer allocations, more type hints

* Add GASNet v 2024.5.0

* cosmetic fix to info output

* Add a missing dependency

* Ensure GASNet detects the provided ROCm/CUDA dependency

* [@spackbot] updating style on behalf of bonachea

---------

Co-authored-by: bonachea <bonachea@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       run:
         shell: ${{ matrix.system.shell }}
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
       with:
         python-version: ${{inputs.python_version}}
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
           ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
           spack -d audit externals
           ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
       with:
         flags: unittests,audits

.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+        uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew install cmake bison tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+        uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -83,14 +83,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Setup macOS
         if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: brew install tree gawk
-      - name: Remove system executables
         run: |
-          while [ -n "$(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)" ]; do
-            sudo rm $(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)
-          done
+          brew install tree gawk
+          sudo rm -rf $(command -v gpg gpg2)
+      - name: Setup Ubuntu
+        if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+        run: sudo rm -rf $(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+        uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
@@ -110,14 +110,16 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Setup macOS
         if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: brew install tree
-      - name: Remove system executables
         run: |
-          while [ -n "$(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)" ]; do
-            sudo rm $(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)
-          done
+          brew install tree
+          # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
+      - name: Setup Ubuntu
+        if: ${{ matrix.runner == 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+        run: |
+          sudo rm -rf $(which gpg) $(which gpg2) $(which patchelf)
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+        uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'spack/spack'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+        uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
 
       - uses: docker/metadata-action@8e5442c4ef9f78752691e2d8f8d19755c6f78e81
         id: docker_meta

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       core: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.core }}
       packages: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.packages }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
@@ -77,8 +77,13 @@ jobs:
     needs: [ prechecks, changes ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml
     secrets: inherit
+  windows:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spack/spack' && needs.changes.outputs.core == 'true' }}
+    needs: [ prechecks ]
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/windows_python.yml
+    secrets: inherit
   all:
-    needs: [ unit-tests, bootstrap ]
+    needs: [ windows, unit-tests, bootstrap ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - name: Success

.github/workflows/nightly-win-builds.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   build-paraview-deps:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d

.github/workflows/style/requirements.txt

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ clingo==5.7.1
 flake8==7.0.0
 isort==5.13.2
 mypy==1.8.0
-types-six==1.16.21.9
+types-six==1.16.21.20240513
 vermin==1.6.0

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml

@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
         python-version: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
         concretizer: ['clingo']
         on_develop:
         - ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         include:
         - python-version: '3.11'
-          os: ubuntu-20.04
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: original
           on_develop: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         - python-version: '3.6'
@@ -30,28 +30,28 @@ jobs:
           on_develop: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         exclude:
         - python-version: '3.7'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.8'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.9'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.10'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.11'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -91,16 +91,16 @@ jobs:
           UNIT_TEST_COVERAGE: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.11' }}
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,${{ matrix.concretizer }}
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
         verbose: true
   # Test shell integration
   shell:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
           COVERAGE: true
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-shell-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
       with:
         flags: shelltests,linux
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
     - name: Setup repo and non-root user
       run: |
           git --version
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ jobs:
           spack unit-test -k 'not cvs and not svn and not hg' -x --verbose
   # Test for the clingo based solver (using clingo-cffi)
   clingo-cffi:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ jobs:
           SPACK_TEST_SOLVER: clingo
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,clingo
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ jobs:
         os: [macos-13, macos-14]
         python-version: ["3.11"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -223,39 +223,8 @@ jobs:
         $(which spack) solve zlib
         common_args=(--dist loadfile --tx '4*popen//python=./bin/spack-tmpconfig python -u ./bin/spack python' -x)
         $(which spack) unit-test --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml "${common_args[@]}"
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
       with:
         flags: unittests,macos
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
         verbose: true
-  # Run unit tests on Windows
-  windows:
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell:
-          powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.9
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools pytest-cov clingo
-    - name: Create local develop
-      run: |
-        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
-    - name: Unit Test
-      run: |
-        spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml
-        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-        coverage combine -a
-        coverage xml
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
-      with:
-        flags: unittests,windows
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
   validate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
   style:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-      - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+      - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
       - name: Setup repo and non-root user
         run: |
           git --version

.github/workflows/windows_python.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+name: windows
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: windows-${{github.ref}}-${{github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_number}}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell:
+     powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
+jobs:
+  unit-tests:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools pytest-cov clingo
+    - name: Create local develop
+      run: |
+        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
+    - name: Unit Test
+      run: |
+        spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --ignore=lib/spack/spack/test/cmd
+        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
+        coverage combine -a
+        coverage xml
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
+      with:
+        flags: unittests,windows
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        verbose: true
+  unit-tests-cmd:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools coverage pytest-cov clingo
+    - name: Create local develop
+      run: |
+        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
+    - name: Command Unit Test
+      run: |
+        spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml lib/spack/spack/test/cmd
+        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
+        coverage combine -a
+        coverage xml
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
+      with:
+        flags: unittests,windows
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        verbose: true
+  build-abseil:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools coverage
+    - name: Build Test
+      run: |
+        spack compiler find
+        spack -d external find cmake ninja
+        spack -d install abseil-cpp

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -14,26 +14,3 @@ sphinx:
 python:
   install:
     - requirements: lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt
-
-search:
-  ranking:
-    spack.html: -10
-    spack.*.html: -10
-    llnl.html: -10
-    llnl.*.html: -10
-    _modules/*: -10
-    command_index.html: -9
-    basic_usage.html: 5
-    configuration.html: 5
-    config_yaml.html: 5
-    packages_yaml.html: 5
-    build_settings.html: 5
-    environments.html: 5
-    containers.html: 5
-    mirrors.html: 5
-    module_file_support.html: 5
-    repositories.html: 5
-    binary_caches.html: 5
-    chain.html: 5
-    pipelines.html: 5
-    packaging_guide.html: 5

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,421 +1,3 @@
-# v0.22.4 (2025-02-18)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Continue to mark non-roots as implicitly installed on partial env installs (#47183)
-
-# v0.22.3 (2024-11-18)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Forward compatibility with Python 3.13 (#46775, #46983, #47035, #47175)
-- `archspec` was updated to v0.2.5 (#46503, #46958)
-- Fix path to Spack in `spack env depfile` makefile (#46966)
-- Fix `glibc` detection in Chinese locales (#47434)
-- Fix pickle round-trip of specs propagating variants (#47351)
-- Fix a bug where concurrent spack install commands would not always update explicits correctly
-  (#47358)
-- Fix a bug where autopush would run before all post install hooks modifying the install prefix
-  had run (#47329)
-- Fix `spack find -u` (#47102)
-- Fix a bug where sometimes the wrong Python interpreter was used for build dependencies such as
-  `py-setuptools` (#46980)
-- Fix default config errors found by `spack audit externals` (#47308)
-- Fix duplicate printing of external roots in installer (#44917)
-- Fix modules schema in `compilers.yaml` (#47197)
-- Reduce the size of generated YAML for Gitlab CI (#44995)
-- Handle missing metadata file gracefully in bootstrap (#47278)
-- Show underlying errors on fetch failure (#45714)
-- Recognize `.` and `..` as paths instead of names in buildcache commands (#47105)
-- Documentation and style (#46991, #47107, #47110, #47111, #47346, #47307, #47309, #47328, #47160,
-  #47402, #47557, #46709, #47080)
-- Tests and CI fixes (#47165, #46711)
-
-## Package updates
-- ffmpeg: fix hash of patch (#45574)
-
-# v0.22.2 (2024-09-21)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Forward compatibility with Spack 0.23 packages with language dependencies (#45205, #45191)
-- Forward compatibility with `urllib` from Python 3.12.6+ (#46453, #46483)
-- Bump vendored `archspec` for better aarch64 support (#45721, #46445)
-- Support macOS Sequoia (#45018, #45127)
-- Fix regression in `{variants.X}` and `{variants.X.value}` format strings (#46206)
-- Ensure shell escaping of environment variable values in load and activate commands (#42780)
-- Fix an issue where `spec[pkg]` considers specs outside the current DAG (#45090)
-- Do not halt concretization on unknown variants in externals (#45326)
-- Improve validation of `develop` config section (#46485)
-- Explicitly disable `ccache` if turned off in config, to avoid cache pollution (#45275)
-- Improve backwards compatibility in `include_concrete` (#45766)
-- Fix issue where package tags were sometimes repeated (#45160)
-- Make `setup-env.sh` "sourced only" by dropping execution bits (#45641)
-- Make certain source/binary fetch errors recoverable instead of a hard error (#45683)
-- Remove debug statements in package hash computation (#45235)
-- Remove redundant clingo warnings (#45269)
-- Remove hard-coded layout version (#45645)
-- Do not initialize previous store state in `use_store` (#45268)
-- Docs improvements (#46475)
-
-## Package updates
-- `chapel` major update (#42197, #44931, #45304)
-
-# v0.22.1 (2024-07-04)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Fix reuse of externals on Linux (#44316)
-- Ensure parent gcc-runtime version >= child (#44834, #44870)
-- Ensure the latest gcc-runtime is rpath'ed when multiple exist among link deps (#44219)
-- Improve version detection of glibc (#44154)
-- Improve heuristics for solver (#44893, #44976, #45023)
-- Make strong preferences override reuse (#44373)
-- Reduce verbosity when C compiler is missing (#44182)
-- Make missing ccache executable an error when required (#44740)
-- Make every environment view containing `python` a `venv` (#44382)
-- Fix external detection for compilers with os but no target (#44156)
-- Fix version optimization for roots (#44272)
-- Handle common implementations of pagination of tags in OCI build caches (#43136)
-- Apply fetched patches to develop specs (#44950)
-- Avoid Windows wrappers for filesystem utilities on non-Windows (#44126)
-- Fix issue with long filenames in build caches on Windows (#43851)
-- Fix formatting issue in `spack audit` (#45045)
-- CI fixes (#44582, #43965, #43967, #44279, #44213)
-
-## Package updates
-- protobuf: fix 3.4:3.21 patch checksum (#44443)
-- protobuf: update hash for patch needed when="@3.4:3.21" (#44210)
-- git: bump v2.39 to 2.45; deprecate unsafe versions (#44248)
-- gcc: use -rpath {rpath_dir} not -rpath={rpath dir} (#44315)
-- Remove mesa18 and libosmesa (#44264)
-- Enforce consistency of `gl` providers (#44307)
-- Require libiconv for iconv (#44335, #45026).
-  Notice that glibc/musl also provide iconv, but are not guaranteed to be
-  complete. Set `packages:iconv:require:[glibc]` to restore the old behavior.
-- py-matplotlib: qualify when to do a post install (#44191)
-- rust: fix v1.78.0 instructions (#44127)
-- suite-sparse: improve setting of the `libs` property (#44214)
-- netlib-lapack: provide blas and lapack together (#44981)
-
-
-# v0.22.0 (2024-05-12)
-
-`v0.22.0` is a major feature release.
-
-## Features in this release
-
-1. **Compiler dependencies**
-
-    We are in the process of making compilers proper dependencies in Spack, and a number
-    of changes in `v0.22` support that effort. You may notice nodes in your dependency
-    graphs for compiler runtime libraries like `gcc-runtime` or `libgfortran`, and you
-    may notice that Spack graphs now include `libc`. We've also begun moving compiler
-    configuration from `compilers.yaml` to `packages.yaml` to make it consistent with
-    other externals. We are trying to do this with the least disruption possible, so
-    your existing `compilers.yaml` files should still work. We expect to be done with
-    this transition by the `v0.23` release in November.
-
-    * #41104: Packages compiled with `%gcc` on Linux, macOS and FreeBSD now depend on a
-      new package `gcc-runtime`, which contains a copy of the shared compiler runtime
-      libraries. This enables gcc runtime libraries to be installed and relocated when
-      using a build cache. When building minimal Spack-generated container images it is
-      no longer necessary to install libgfortran, libgomp etc. using the system package
-      manager.
-
-    * #42062: Packages compiled with `%oneapi` now depend on a new package
-      `intel-oneapi-runtime`. This is similar to `gcc-runtime`, and the runtimes can
-      provide virtuals and compilers can inject dependencies on virtuals into compiled
-      packages. This allows us to model library soname compatibility and allows
-      compilers like `%oneapi` to provide virtuals like `sycl` (which can also be
-      provided by standalone libraries). Note that until we have an agreement in place
-      with intel, Intel packages are marked `redistribute(source=False, binary=False)`
-      and must be downloaded outside of Spack.
-
-    * #43272: changes to the optimization criteria of the solver improve the hit-rate of
-      buildcaches by a fair amount. The solver more relaxed compatibility rules and will
-      not try to strictly match compilers or targets of reused specs. Users can still
-      enforce the previous strict behavior with `require:` sections in `packages.yaml`.
-      Note that to enforce correct linking, Spack will *not* reuse old `%gcc` and
-      `%oneapi` specs that do not have the runtime libraries as a dependency.
-
-    * #43539: Spack will reuse specs built with compilers that are *not* explicitly
-      configured in `compilers.yaml`. Because we can now keep runtime libraries in build
-      cache, we do not require you to also have a local configured compiler to *use* the
-      runtime libraries. This improves reuse in buildcaches and avoids conflicts with OS
-      updates that happen underneath Spack.
-
-    * #43190: binary compatibility on `linux` is now based on the `libc` version,
-      instead of on the `os` tag. Spack builds now detect the host `libc` (`glibc` or
-      `musl`) and add it as an implicit external node in the dependency graph. Binaries
-      with a `libc` with the same name and a version less than or equal to that of the
-      detected `libc` can be reused. This is only on `linux`, not `macos` or `Windows`.
-
-    * #43464: each package that can provide a compiler is now detectable using `spack
-      external find`. External packages defining compiler paths are effectively used as
-      compilers, and `spack external find -t compiler` can be used as a substitute for
-      `spack compiler find`. More details on this transition are in
-      [the docs](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting_started.html#manual-compiler-configuration)
-
-2. **Improved `spack find` UI for Environments**
-
-   If you're working in an enviroment, you likely care about:
-
-   * What are the roots
-   * Which ones are installed / not installed
-   * What's been added that still needs to be concretized
-
-    We've tweaked `spack find` in environments to show this information much more
-    clearly. Installation status is shown next to each root, so you can see what is
-    installed. Roots are also shown in bold in the list of installed packages. There is
-    also a new option for `spack find -r` / `--only-roots` that will only show env
-    roots, if you don't want to look at all the installed specs.
-
-    More details in #42334.
-
-3. **Improved command-line string quoting**
-
-   We are making some breaking changes to how Spack parses specs on the CLI in order to
-   respect shell quoting instead of trying to fight it. If you (sadly) had to write
-   something like this on the command line:
-
-    ```
-    spack install zlib cflags=\"-O2 -g\"
-    ```
-
-    That will now result in an error, but you can now write what you probably expected
-    to work in the first place:
-
-    ```
-    spack install zlib cflags="-O2 -g"
-    ```
-
-    Quoted can also now include special characters, so you can supply flags like:
-
-    ```
-    spack intall zlib ldflags='-Wl,-rpath=$ORIGIN/_libs'
-    ```
-
-    To reduce ambiguity in parsing, we now require that you *not* put spaces around `=`
-    and `==` when for flags or variants. This would not have broken before but will now
-    result in an error:
-
-    ```
-    spack install zlib cflags = "-O2 -g"
-    ```
-
-    More details and discussion in #30634.
-
-4. **Revert default `spack install` behavior to `--reuse`**
-
-   We changed the default concretizer behavior from `--reuse` to `--reuse-deps` in
-   #30990 (in `v0.20`), which meant that *every* `spack install` invocation would
-   attempt to build a new version of the requested package / any environment roots.
-   While this is a common ask for *upgrading* and for *developer* workflows, we don't
-   think it should be the default for a package manager.
-
-   We are going to try to stick to this policy:
-   1. Prioritize reuse and build as little as possible by default.
-   2. Only upgrade or install duplicates if they are explicitly asked for, or if there
-      is a known security issue that necessitates an upgrade.
-
-   With the install command you now have three options:
-
-   * `--reuse` (default): reuse as many existing installations as possible.
-   * `--reuse-deps` / `--fresh-roots`: upgrade (freshen) roots but reuse dependencies if possible.
-   * `--fresh`: install fresh versions of requested packages (roots) and their dependencies.
-
-   We've also introduced `--fresh-roots` as an alias for `--reuse-deps` to make it more clear
-   that it may give you fresh versions. More details in #41302 and #43988.
-
-5. **More control over reused specs**
-
-   You can now control which packages to reuse and how. There is a new
-   `concretizer:reuse` config option, which accepts the following properties:
-
-   - `roots`: `true` to reuse roots, `false` to reuse just dependencies
-   - `exclude`: list of constraints used to select which specs *not* to reuse
-   - `include`: list of constraints used to select which specs *to* reuse
-   - `from`: list of sources for reused specs (some combination of `local`,
-     `buildcache`, or `external`)
-
-   For example, to reuse only specs compiled with GCC, you could write:
-
-   ```yaml
-   concretizer:
-      reuse:
-        roots: true
-        include:
-        - "%gcc"
-   ```
-
-   Or, if `openmpi` must be used from externals, and it must be the only external used:
-
-   ```yaml
-   concretizer:
-     reuse:
-       roots: true
-       from:
-       - type: local
-         exclude: ["openmpi"]
-       - type: buildcache
-         exclude: ["openmpi"]
-       - type: external
-         include: ["openmpi"]
-   ```
-
-6. **New `redistribute()` directive**
-
-   Some packages can't be redistributed in source or binary form. We need an explicit
-   way to say that in a package.
-
-   Now there is a `redistribute()` directive so that package authors can write:
-
-   ```python
-   class MyPackage(Package):
-       redistribute(source=False, binary=False)
-   ```
-
-   Like other directives, this works with `when=`:
-
-   ```python
-   class MyPackage(Package):
-       # 12.0 and higher are proprietary
-       redistribute(source=False, binary=False, when="@12.0:")
-
-       # can't redistribute when we depend on some proprietary dependency
-       redistribute(source=False, binary=False, when="^proprietary-dependency")
-   ```
-
-    More in #20185.
-
-7. **New `conflict:` and `prefer:` syntax for package preferences**
-
-   Previously, you could express conflicts and preferences in `packages.yaml` through
-   some contortions with `require:`:
-
-    ```yaml
-    packages:
-      zlib-ng:
-        require:
-        - one_of: ["%clang", "@:"]   # conflict on %clang
-        - any_of: ["+shared", "@:"]  # strong preference for +shared
-    ```
-
-    You can now use `require:` and `prefer:` for a much more readable configuration:
-
-    ```yaml
-    packages:
-      zlib-ng:
-        conflict:
-        - "%clang"
-        prefer:
-        - "+shared"
-    ```
-
-    See [the documentation](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packages_yaml.html#conflicts-and-strong-preferences)
-    and #41832 for more details.
-
-8. **`include_concrete` in environments**
-
-   You may want to build on the *concrete* contents of another environment without
-   changing that environment.  You can now include the concrete specs from another
-   environment's `spack.lock` with `include_concrete`:
-
-   ```yaml
-      spack:
-        specs: []
-        concretizer:
-            unify: true
-        include_concrete:
-        - /path/to/environment1
-        - /path/to/environment2
-   ```
-
-   Now, when *this* environment is concretized, it will bring in the already concrete
-   specs from `environment1` and `environment2`, and build on top of them without
-   changing them. This is useful if you have phased deployments, where old deployments
-   should not be modified but you want to use as many of them as possible. More details
-   in #33768.
-
-9. **`python-venv` isolation**
-
-   Spack has unique requirements for Python because it:
-    1. installs every package in its own independent directory, and
-    2. allows users to register *external* python installations.
-
-   External installations may contain their own installed packages that can interfere
-   with Spack installations, and some distributions (Debian and Ubuntu) even change the
-   `sysconfig` in ways that alter the installation layout of installed Python packages
-   (e.g., with the addition of a `/local` prefix on Debian or Ubuntu). To isolate Spack
-   from these and other issues, we now insert a small `python-venv` package in between
-   `python` and packages that need to install Python code. This isolates Spack's build
-   environment, isolates Spack from any issues with an external python, and resolves a
-   large number of issues we've had with Python installations.
-
-   See #40773 for further details.
-
-## New commands, options, and directives
-
-* Allow packages to be pushed to build cache after install from source (#42423)
-* `spack develop`: stage build artifacts in same root as non-dev builds #41373
-  * Don't delete `spack develop` build artifacts after install (#43424)
-* `spack find`: add options for local/upstream only (#42999)
-* `spack logs`: print log files for packages (either partially built or installed) (#42202)
-* `patch`: support reversing patches (#43040)
-* `develop`: Add -b/--build-directory option to set build_directory package attribute (#39606)
-* `spack list`: add `--namesapce` / `--repo` option (#41948)
-* directives: add `checked_by` field to `license()`, add some license checks
-* `spack gc`: add options for environments and build dependencies (#41731)
-* Add `--create` to `spack env activate` (#40896)
-
-## Performance improvements
-
-* environment.py: fix excessive re-reads (#43746)
-* ruamel yaml: fix quadratic complexity bug  (#43745)
-* Refactor to improve `spec format` speed (#43712)
-* Do not acquire a write lock on the env post install if no views (#43505)
-* asp.py: fewer calls to `spec.copy()` (#43715)
-* spec.py: early return in `__str__`
-* avoid `jinja2` import at startup unless needed (#43237)
-
-## Other new features of note
-
-* `archspec`: update to `v0.2.4`: support for Windows, bugfixes for `neoverse-v1` and
-  `neoverse-v2` detection.
-* `spack config get`/`blame`: with no args, show entire config
-* `spack env create <env>`: dir if dir-like (#44024)
-* ASP-based solver: update os compatibility for macOS (#43862)
-* Add handling of custom ssl certs in urllib ops (#42953)
-* Add ability to rename environments (#43296)
-* Add config option and compiler support to reuse across OS's (#42693)
-* Support for prereleases (#43140)
-* Only reuse externals when configured (#41707)
-* Environments: Add support for including views (#42250)
-
-## Binary caches
-* Build cache: make signed/unsigned a mirror property (#41507)
-* tools stack
-
-## Removals, deprecations, and syntax changes
-* remove `dpcpp` compiler and package (#43418)
-* spack load: remove --only argument (#42120)
-
-## Notable Bugfixes
-* repo.py: drop deleted packages from provider cache (#43779)
-* Allow `+` in module file names (#41999)
-* `cmd/python`: use runpy to allow multiprocessing in scripts (#41789)
-* Show extension commands with spack -h (#41726)
-* Support environment variable expansion inside module projections (#42917)
-* Alert user to failed concretizations (#42655)
-* shell: fix zsh color formatting for PS1 in environments (#39497)
-* spack mirror create --all: include patches (#41579)
-
-## Spack community stats
-
-* 7,994 total packages; 525 since `v0.21.0`
-    * 178 new Python packages, 5 new R packages
-* 358 people contributed to this release
-    * 344 committers to packages
-    * 45 committers to core
-
-
 # v0.21.2 (2024-03-01)
 
 ## Bugfixes
@@ -445,7 +27,7 @@
 - spack graph: fix coloring with environments (#41240)
 - spack info: sort variants in --variants-by-name (#41389)
 - Spec.format: error on old style format strings (#41934)
-- ASP-based solver:
+- ASP-based solver: 
   - fix infinite recursion when computing concretization errors (#41061)
   - don't error for type mismatch on preferences (#41138)
   - don't emit spurious debug output (#41218)

README.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 
 Spack is a multi-platform package manager that builds and installs
 multiple versions and configurations of software. It works on Linux,
-macOS, and many supercomputers. Spack is non-destructive: installing a
+macOS, Windows, and many supercomputers. Spack is non-destructive: installing a
 new version of a package does not break existing installations, so many
 configurations of the same package can coexist.
 

etc/spack/defaults/concretizer.yaml

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ concretizer:
     # "minimal": allows the duplication of 'build-tools' nodes only (e.g. py-setuptools, cmake etc.)
     # "full" (experimental): allows separation of the entire build-tool stack (e.g. the entire "cmake" subDAG)
     strategy: minimal
-  # Option to specify compatibility between operating systems for reuse of compilers and packages
-  # Specified as a key: [list] where the key is the os that is being targeted, and the list contains the OS's
-  # it can reuse. Note this is a directional compatibility so mutual compatibility between two OS's
+  # Option to specify compatiblity between operating systems for reuse of compilers and packages
+  # Specified as a key: [list] where the key is the os that is being targeted, and the list contains the OS's 
+  # it can reuse. Note this is a directional compatibility so mutual compatibility between two OS's 
   # requires two entries i.e. os_compatible: {sonoma: [monterey], monterey: [sonoma]}
   os_compatible: {}

etc/spack/defaults/cray/modules.yaml

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# This is the default configuration for Spack's module file generation.
-#
-# Settings here are versioned with Spack and are intended to provide
-# sensible defaults out of the box. Spack maintainers should edit this
-# file to keep it current.
-#
-# Users can override these settings by editing the following files.
-#
-# Per-spack-instance settings (overrides defaults):
-#   $SPACK_ROOT/etc/spack/modules.yaml
-#
-# Per-user settings (overrides default and site settings):
-#   ~/.spack/modules.yaml
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-modules: {}

etc/spack/defaults/linux/packages.yaml

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-packages:
-  iconv:
-    require: [libiconv]

etc/spack/defaults/packages.yaml

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ packages:
       jpeg: [libjpeg-turbo, libjpeg]
       lapack: [openblas, amdlibflame]
       libc: [glibc, musl]
-      libgfortran: [gcc-runtime]
+      libgfortran: [ gcc-runtime ]
       libglx: [mesa+glx]
-      libifcore: [intel-oneapi-runtime]
+      libifcore: [ intel-oneapi-runtime ]
       libllvm: [llvm]
       lua-lang: [lua, lua-luajit-openresty, lua-luajit]
       luajit: [lua-luajit-openresty, lua-luajit]

lib/spack/docs/basic_usage.rst

@@ -1433,22 +1433,12 @@ the reserved keywords ``platform``, ``os`` and ``target``:
    $ spack install libelf os=ubuntu18.04
    $ spack install libelf target=broadwell
 
-or together by using the reserved keyword ``arch``:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack install libelf arch=cray-CNL10-haswell
-
 Normally users don't have to bother specifying the architecture if they
 are installing software for their current host, as in that case the
 values will be detected automatically.  If you need fine-grained control
 over which packages use which targets (or over *all* packages' default
 target), see :ref:`package-preferences`.
 
-.. admonition:: Cray machines
-
-  The situation is a little bit different for Cray machines and a detailed
-  explanation on how the architecture can be set on them can be found at :ref:`cray-support`
 
 .. _support-for-microarchitectures:
 

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/autotoolspackage.rst

@@ -147,6 +147,15 @@ example, the ``bash`` shell is used to run the ``autogen.sh`` script.
    def autoreconf(self, spec, prefix):
        which("bash")("autogen.sh")
 
+If the ``package.py`` has build instructions in a separate
+:ref:`builder class <multiple_build_systems>`, the signature for a phase changes slightly:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   class AutotoolsBuilder(AutotoolsBuilder):
+      def autoreconf(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
+         which("bash")("autogen.sh")
+
 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
 patching configure or Makefile.in files
 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/inteloneapipackage.rst

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use Spack to build packages with the tools.
 The Spack Python class ``IntelOneapiPackage`` is a base class that is
 used by ``IntelOneapiCompilers``, ``IntelOneapiMkl``,
 ``IntelOneapiTbb`` and other classes to implement the oneAPI
-packages. Search for ``oneAPI`` at `<packages.spack.io>`_ for the full
+packages. Search for ``oneAPI`` at `packages.spack.io <https://packages.spack.io>`_ for the full
 list of available oneAPI packages, or use::
 
   spack list -d oneAPI

lib/spack/docs/chain.rst

@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@
 
 .. chain:
 
-=============================================
-Chaining Spack Installations (upstreams.yaml)
-=============================================
+============================
+Chaining Spack Installations
+============================
 
 You can point your Spack installation to another installation to use any
 packages that are installed there. To register the other Spack instance,
-you can add it as an entry to ``upstreams.yaml``:
+you can add it as an entry to ``upstreams.yaml`` at any of the
+:ref:`configuration-scopes`:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ you can add it as an entry to ``upstreams.yaml``:
       install_tree: /path/to/another/spack/opt/spack
 
 ``install_tree`` must point to the ``opt/spack`` directory inside of the
-Spack base directory.
+Spack base directory, or the location of the ``install_tree`` defined
+in :ref:`config.yaml <config-yaml>`.
 
 Once the upstream Spack instance has been added, ``spack find`` will
 automatically check the upstream instance when querying installed packages,

lib/spack/docs/contribution_guide.rst

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Style Tests
 
 Spack uses `Flake8 <http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/>`_ to test for
 `PEP 8 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/>`_ conformance and
-`mypy <https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_ for type checking. PEP 8 is
+`mypy <https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>` for type checking. PEP 8 is
 a series of style guides for Python that provide suggestions for everything
 from variable naming to indentation. In order to limit the number of PRs that
 were mostly style changes, we decided to enforce PEP 8 conformance. Your PR

lib/spack/docs/developer_guide.rst

@@ -716,27 +716,27 @@ Release branches
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 There are currently two types of Spack releases: :ref:`major releases
-<major-releases>` (``0.21.0``, ``0.22.0``, etc.) and :ref:`patch releases
-<patch-releases>` (``0.22.1``, ``0.22.2``, ``0.22.3``, etc.). Here is a
+<major-releases>` (``0.17.0``, ``0.18.0``, etc.) and :ref:`point releases
+<point-releases>` (``0.17.1``, ``0.17.2``, ``0.17.3``, etc.). Here is a
 diagram of how Spack release branches work::
 
-    o    branch: develop  (latest version, v0.23.0.dev0)
+    o    branch: develop  (latest version, v0.19.0.dev0)
     |
     o
-    | o  branch: releases/v0.22, tag: v0.22.1
+    | o  branch: releases/v0.18, tag: v0.18.1
     o |
-    | o  tag: v0.22.0
+    | o  tag: v0.18.0
     o |
     | o
     |/
     o
     |
     o
-    | o  branch: releases/v0.21, tag: v0.21.2
+    | o  branch: releases/v0.17, tag: v0.17.2
     o |
-    | o  tag: v0.21.1
+    | o  tag: v0.17.1
     o |
-    | o  tag: v0.21.0
+    | o  tag: v0.17.0
     o |
     | o
     |/
@@ -747,8 +747,8 @@ requests target ``develop``. The ``develop`` branch will report that its
 version is that of the next **major** release with a ``.dev0`` suffix.
 
 Each Spack release series also has a corresponding branch, e.g.
-``releases/v0.22`` has ``v0.22.x`` versions of Spack, and
-``releases/v0.21`` has ``v0.21.x`` versions. A major release is the first
+``releases/v0.18`` has ``0.18.x`` versions of Spack, and
+``releases/v0.17`` has ``0.17.x`` versions. A major release is the first
 tagged version on a release branch. Minor releases are back-ported from
 develop onto release branches. This is typically done by cherry-picking
 bugfix commits off of ``develop``.
@@ -778,40 +778,27 @@ for more details.
 Scheduling work for releases
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-We schedule work for **major releases** through `milestones
-<https://github.com/spack/spack/milestones>`_ and `GitHub Projects
-<https://github.com/spack/spack/projects>`_, while **patch releases** use `labels
-<https://github.com/spack/spack/labels>`_.
+We schedule work for releases by creating `GitHub projects
+<https://github.com/spack/spack/projects>`_. At any time, there may be
+several open release projects. For example, below are two releases (from
+some past version of the page linked above):
 
-There is only one milestone open at a time. Its name corresponds to the next major version, for
-example ``v0.23``. Important issues and pull requests should be assigned to this milestone by
-core developers, so that they are not forgotten at the time of release. The milestone is closed
-when the release is made, and a new milestone is created for the next major release.
+.. image:: images/projects.png
 
-Bug reports in GitHub issues are automatically labelled ``bug`` and ``triage``. Spack developers
-assign one of the labels ``impact-low``, ``impact-medium`` or ``impact-high``. This will make the
-issue appear in the `Triaged bugs <https://github.com/orgs/spack/projects/6>`_ project board.
-Important issues should be assigned to the next milestone as well, so they appear at the top of
-the project board.
+This image shows one release in progress for ``0.15.1`` and another for
+``0.16.0``. Each of these releases has a project board containing issues
+and pull requests. GitHub shows a status bar with completed work in
+green, work in progress in purple, and work not started yet in gray, so
+it's fairly easy to see progress.
 
-Spack's milestones are not firm commitments so we move work between releases frequently. If we
-need to make a release and some tasks are not yet done, we will simply move them to the next major
-release milestone, rather than delaying the release to complete them.
+Spack's project boards are not firm commitments so we move work between
+releases frequently. If we need to make a release and some tasks are not
+yet done, we will simply move them to the next minor or major release, rather
+than delaying the release to complete them.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Backporting bug fixes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+For more on using GitHub project boards, see `GitHub's documentation
+<https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-your-work-on-github/about-project-boards>`_.
 
-When a bug is fixed in the ``develop`` branch, it is often necessary to backport the fix to one
-(or more) of the ``release/vX.Y`` branches. Only the release manager is responsible for doing
-backports, but Spack maintainers are responsible for labelling pull requests (and issues if no bug
-fix is available yet) with ``vX.Y.Z`` labels. The label should correspond to the next patch version
-that the bug fix should be backported to.
-
-Backports are done publicly by the release manager using a pull request named ``Backports vX.Y.Z``.
-This pull request is opened from the ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch, targets the ``releases/vX.Y``
-branch and contains a (growing) list of cherry-picked commits from the ``develop`` branch.
-Typically there are one or two backport pull requests open at any given time.
 
 .. _major-releases:
 
@@ -819,21 +806,25 @@ Typically there are one or two backport pull requests open at any given time.
 Making major releases
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Assuming all required work from the milestone is completed, the steps to make the major release
-are:
+Assuming a project board has already been created and all required work
+completed, the steps to make the major release are:
 
-#. `Create a new milestone <https://github.com/spack/spack/milestones>`_ for the next major
-   release.
+#. Create two new project boards:
 
-#. `Create a new label <https://github.com/spack/spack/labels>`_ for the next patch release.
+   * One for the next major release
+   * One for the next point release
 
-#. Move any optional tasks that are not done to the next milestone.
+#. Move any optional tasks that are not done to one of the new project boards.
+
+   In general, small bugfixes should go to the next point release. Major
+   features, refactors, and changes that could affect concretization should
+   go in the next major release.
 
 #. Create a branch for the release, based on ``develop``:
 
    .. code-block:: console
 
-      $ git checkout -b releases/v0.23 develop
+      $ git checkout -b releases/v0.15 develop
 
    For a version ``vX.Y.Z``, the branch's name should be
    ``releases/vX.Y``. That is, you should create a ``releases/vX.Y``
@@ -869,8 +860,8 @@ are:
 
    Create a pull request targeting the ``develop`` branch, bumping the major
    version in ``lib/spack/spack/__init__.py`` with a ``dev0`` release segment.
-   For instance when you have just released ``v0.23.0``, set the version
-   to ``(0, 24, 0, 'dev0')`` on ``develop``.
+   For instance when you have just released ``v0.15.0``, set the version
+   to ``(0, 16, 0, 'dev0')`` on ``develop``.
 
 #. Follow the steps in :ref:`publishing-releases`.
 
@@ -879,52 +870,82 @@ are:
 #. Follow the steps in :ref:`announcing-releases`.
 
 
-.. _patch-releases:
+.. _point-releases:
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Making patch releases
+Making point releases
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-To make the patch release process both efficient and transparent, we use a *backports pull request*
-which contains cherry-picked commits from the ``develop`` branch. The majority of the work is to
-cherry-pick the bug fixes, which ideally should be done as soon as they land on ``develop``:
-this ensures cherry-picking happens in order, and makes conflicts easier to resolve since the
-changes are fresh in the mind of the developer.
+Assuming a project board has already been created and all required work
+completed, the steps to make the point release are:
 
-The backports pull request is always titled ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` and is labelled ``backports``. It
-is opened from a branch named ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` and targets the ``releases/vX.Y`` branch.
+#. Create a new project board for the next point release.
 
-Whenever a pull request labelled ``vX.Y.Z`` is merged, cherry-pick the associated squashed commit
-on ``develop`` to the ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch. For pull requests that were rebased (or not
-squashed), cherry-pick each associated commit individually. Never force push to the
-``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch.
+#. Move any optional tasks that are not done to the next project board.
 
-.. warning::
+#. Check out the release branch (it should already exist).
 
-   Sometimes you may **still** get merge conflicts even if you have
-   cherry-picked all the commits in order. This generally means there
-   is some other intervening pull request that the one you're trying
-   to pick depends on. In these cases, you'll need to make a judgment
-   call regarding those pull requests.  Consider the number of affected
-   files and/or the resulting differences.
+    For the ``X.Y.Z`` release, the release branch is called ``releases/vX.Y``.
+    For ``v0.15.1``, you would check out ``releases/v0.15``:
 
-   1. If the changes are small, you might just cherry-pick it.
+   .. code-block:: console
 
-   2. If the changes are large, then you may decide that this fix is not
-      worth including in a patch release, in which case you should remove
-      the label from the pull request. Remember that large, manual backports
-      are seldom the right choice for a patch release.
+      $ git checkout releases/v0.15
 
-When all commits are cherry-picked in the ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch, make the patch
-release as follows:
+#. If a pull request to the release branch named ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` is not already
+   in the project, create it. This pull request ought to be created as early as
+   possible when working on a release project, so that we can build the release
+   commits incrementally, and identify potential conflicts at an early stage.
 
-#. `Create a new label <https://github.com/spack/spack/labels>`_ ``vX.Y.{Z+1}`` for the next patch
-   release.
+#. Cherry-pick each pull request in the ``Done`` column of the release
+   project board onto the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` pull request.
 
-#. Replace the label ``vX.Y.Z`` with ``vX.Y.{Z+1}`` for all PRs and issues that are not done.
+   This is **usually** fairly simple since we squash the commits from the
+   vast majority of pull requests. That means there is only one commit
+   per pull request to cherry-pick. For example, `this pull request
+   <https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/15777>`_ has three commits, but
+   they were squashed into a single commit on merge. You can see the
+   commit that was created here:
 
-#. Manually push a single commit with commit message ``Set version to vX.Y.Z`` to the
-   ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch, that both bumps the Spack version number and updates the changelog:
+   .. image:: images/pr-commit.png
+
+   You can easily cherry pick it like this (assuming you already have the
+   release branch checked out):
+
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ git cherry-pick 7e46da7
+
+   For pull requests that were rebased (or not squashed), you'll need to
+   cherry-pick each associated commit individually.
+
+   .. warning::
+
+      It is important to cherry-pick commits in the order they happened,
+      otherwise you can get conflicts while cherry-picking. When
+      cherry-picking look at the merge date,
+      **not** the number of the pull request or the date it was opened.
+
+      Sometimes you may **still** get merge conflicts even if you have
+      cherry-picked all the commits in order. This generally means there
+      is some other intervening pull request that the one you're trying
+      to pick depends on. In these cases, you'll need to make a judgment
+      call regarding those pull requests.  Consider the number of affected
+      files and or the resulting differences.
+
+      1. If the dependency changes are small, you might just cherry-pick it,
+         too. If you do this, add the task to the release board.
+
+      2. If the changes are large, then you may decide that this fix is not
+         worth including in a point release, in which case you should remove
+         the task from the release project.
+
+      3. You can always decide to manually back-port the fix to the release
+         branch if neither of the above options makes sense, but this can
+         require a lot of work. It's seldom the right choice.
+
+#. When all the commits from the project board are cherry-picked into
+   the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` pull request, you can push a commit to:
 
    1. Bump the version in ``lib/spack/spack/__init__.py``.
    2. Update ``CHANGELOG.md`` with a list of the changes.
@@ -933,22 +954,20 @@ release as follows:
    release branch. See `the changelog from 0.14.1
    <https://github.com/spack/spack/commit/ff0abb9838121522321df2a054d18e54b566b44a>`_.
 
-#. Make sure CI passes on the **backports pull request**, including:
+#. Merge the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` PR with the **Rebase and merge** strategy. This
+   is needed to keep track in the release branch of all the commits that were
+   cherry-picked.
+
+#. Make sure CI passes on the release branch, including:
 
    * Regular unit tests
    * Build tests
    * The E4S pipeline at `gitlab.spack.io <https://gitlab.spack.io>`_
 
-#. Merge the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` PR with the **Rebase and merge** strategy. This
-   is needed to keep track in the release branch of all the commits that were
-   cherry-picked.
-
-#. Make sure CI passes on the last commit of the **release branch**.
-
-#. In the rare case you need to include additional commits in the patch release after the backports
-   PR is merged, it is best to delete the last commit ``Set version to vX.Y.Z`` from the release
-   branch with a single force push, open a new backports PR named ``Backports vX.Y.Z (2)``, and
-   repeat the process. Avoid repeated force pushes to the release branch.
+   If CI does not pass, you'll need to figure out why, and make changes
+   to the release branch until it does. You can make more commits, modify
+   or remove cherry-picked commits, or cherry-pick **more** from
+   ``develop`` to make this happen.
 
 #. Follow the steps in :ref:`publishing-releases`.
 
@@ -1023,31 +1042,25 @@ Updating `releases/latest`
 
 If the new release is the **highest** Spack release yet, you should
 also tag it as ``releases/latest``. For example, suppose the highest
-release is currently ``0.22.3``:
+release is currently ``0.15.3``:
 
-* If you are releasing ``0.22.4`` or ``0.23.0``, then you should tag
-  it with ``releases/latest``, as these are higher than ``0.22.3``.
+* If you are releasing ``0.15.4`` or ``0.16.0``, then you should tag
+  it with ``releases/latest``, as these are higher than ``0.15.3``.
 
 * If you are making a new release of an **older** major version of
-  Spack, e.g. ``0.21.4``, then you should not tag it as
+  Spack, e.g. ``0.14.4``, then you should not tag it as
   ``releases/latest`` (as there are newer major versions).
 
-To do so, first fetch the latest tag created on GitHub, since you may not have it locally:
+To tag ``releases/latest``, do this:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ git fetch --force git@github.com:spack/spack vX.Y.Z
+   $ git checkout releases/vX.Y     # vX.Y is the new release's branch
+   $ git tag --force releases/latest
+   $ git push --force --tags
 
-Then tag ``vX.Y.Z`` as ``releases/latest`` and push the individual tag to GitHub.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ git tag --force releases/latest vX.Y.Z
-   $ git push --force git@github.com:spack/spack releases/latest
-
-The ``--force`` argument to ``git tag`` makes ``git`` overwrite the existing ``releases/latest``
-tag with the new one. Do **not** use the ``--tags`` flag when pushing, since this will push *all*
-local tags.
+The ``--force`` argument to ``git tag`` makes ``git`` overwrite the existing
+``releases/latest`` tag with the new one.
 
 
 .. _announcing-releases:

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ A build matrix showing which packages are working on which systems is shown belo
       .. code-block:: console
 
          apt update
-         apt install bzip2 ca-certificates file g++ gcc gfortran git gzip lsb-release patch python3 tar unzip xz-utils zstd
+         apt install build-essential ca-certificates coreutils curl environment-modules gfortran git gpg lsb-release python3 python3-distutils python3-venv unzip zip
 
    .. tab-item:: RHEL
 
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ A build matrix showing which packages are working on which systems is shown belo
 
          dnf install epel-release
          dnf group install "Development Tools"
-         dnf install gcc-gfortran redhat-lsb-core python3 unzip
+         dnf install curl findutils gcc-gfortran gnupg2 hostname iproute redhat-lsb-core python3 python3-pip python3-setuptools unzip python3-boto3
 
    .. tab-item:: macOS Brew
 
       .. code-block:: console
 
          brew update
-         brew install gcc git zip
+         brew install curl gcc git gnupg zip
 
 ------------
 Installation
@@ -1364,187 +1364,6 @@ This will write the private key to the file `dinosaur.priv`.
     or for help on an issue or the Spack slack.
 
 
-.. _cray-support:
-
--------------
-Spack on Cray
--------------
-
-Spack differs slightly when used on a Cray system. The architecture spec
-can differentiate between the front-end and back-end processor and operating system.
-For example, on Edison at NERSC, the back-end target processor
-is "Ivy Bridge", so you can specify to use the back-end this way:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack install zlib target=ivybridge
-
-You can also use the operating system to build against the back-end:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack install zlib os=CNL10
-
-Notice that the name includes both the operating system name and the major
-version number concatenated together.
-
-Alternatively, if you want to build something for the front-end,
-you can specify the front-end target processor. The processor for a login node
-on Edison is "Sandy bridge" so we specify on the command line like so:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack install zlib target=sandybridge
-
-And the front-end operating system is:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack install zlib os=SuSE11
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Cray compiler detection
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Spack can detect compilers using two methods. For the front-end, we treat
-everything the same. The difference lies in back-end compiler detection.
-Back-end compiler detection is made via the Tcl module avail command.
-Once it detects the compiler it writes the appropriate PrgEnv and compiler
-module name to compilers.yaml and sets the paths to each compiler with Cray\'s
-compiler wrapper names (i.e. cc, CC, ftn). During build time, Spack will load
-the correct PrgEnv and compiler module and will call appropriate wrapper.
-
-The compilers.yaml config file will also differ. There is a
-modules section that is filled with the compiler's Programming Environment
-and module name. On other systems, this field is empty []:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   - compiler:
-       modules:
-         - PrgEnv-intel
-         - intel/15.0.109
-
-As mentioned earlier, the compiler paths will look different on a Cray system.
-Since most compilers are invoked using cc, CC and ftn, the paths for each
-compiler are replaced with their respective Cray compiler wrapper names:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-     paths:
-       cc: cc
-       cxx: CC
-       f77: ftn
-       fc: ftn
-
-As opposed to an explicit path to the compiler executable. This allows Spack
-to call the Cray compiler wrappers during build time.
-
-For more on compiler configuration, check out :ref:`compiler-config`.
-
-Spack sets the default Cray link type to dynamic, to better match other
-other platforms. Individual packages can enable static linking (which is the
-default outside of Spack on cray systems) using the ``-static`` flag.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Setting defaults and using Cray modules
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-If you want to use default compilers for each PrgEnv and also be able
-to load cray external modules, you will need to set up a ``packages.yaml``.
-
-Here's an example of an external configuration for cray modules:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpich:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "mpich@7.3.1%gcc@5.2.0 arch=cray_xc-haswell-CNL10"
-         modules:
-         - cray-mpich
-       - spec: "mpich@7.3.1%intel@16.0.0.109 arch=cray_xc-haswell-CNL10"
-         modules:
-         - cray-mpich
-     all:
-       providers:
-         mpi: [mpich]
-
-This tells Spack that for whatever package that depends on mpi, load the
-cray-mpich module into the environment. You can then be able to use whatever
-environment variables, libraries, etc, that are brought into the environment
-via module load.
-
-.. note::
-
-    For Cray-provided packages, it is best to use ``modules:`` instead of ``prefix:``
-    in ``packages.yaml``, because the Cray Programming Environment heavily relies on
-    modules (e.g., loading the ``cray-mpich`` module adds MPI libraries to the
-    compiler wrapper link line).
-
-You can set the default compiler that Spack can use for each compiler type.
-If you want to use the Cray defaults, then set them under ``all:`` in packages.yaml.
-In the compiler field, set the compiler specs in your order of preference.
-Whenever you build with that compiler type, Spack will concretize to that version.
-
-Here is an example of a full packages.yaml used at NERSC
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   packages:
-     mpich:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "mpich@7.3.1%gcc@5.2.0 arch=cray_xc-CNL10-ivybridge"
-         modules:
-         - cray-mpich
-       - spec: "mpich@7.3.1%intel@16.0.0.109 arch=cray_xc-SuSE11-ivybridge"
-         modules:
-         - cray-mpich
-       buildable: False
-     netcdf:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "netcdf@4.3.3.1%gcc@5.2.0 arch=cray_xc-CNL10-ivybridge"
-         modules:
-         - cray-netcdf
-       - spec: "netcdf@4.3.3.1%intel@16.0.0.109 arch=cray_xc-CNL10-ivybridge"
-         modules:
-         - cray-netcdf
-       buildable: False
-     hdf5:
-       externals:
-       - spec: "hdf5@1.8.14%gcc@5.2.0 arch=cray_xc-CNL10-ivybridge"
-         modules:
-         - cray-hdf5
-       - spec: "hdf5@1.8.14%intel@16.0.0.109 arch=cray_xc-CNL10-ivybridge"
-         modules:
-         - cray-hdf5
-       buildable: False
-     all:
-       compiler: [gcc@5.2.0, intel@16.0.0.109]
-       providers:
-         mpi: [mpich]
-
-Here we tell spack that whenever we want to build with gcc use version 5.2.0 or
-if we want to build with intel compilers, use version 16.0.0.109. We add a spec
-for each compiler type for each cray modules. This ensures that for each
-compiler on our system we can use that external module.
-
-For more on external packages check out the section :ref:`sec-external-packages`.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Using Linux containers on Cray machines
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Spack uses environment variables particular to the Cray programming
-environment to determine which systems are Cray platforms. These
-environment variables may be propagated into containers that are not
-using the Cray programming environment.
-
-To ensure that Spack does not autodetect the Cray programming
-environment, unset the environment variable ``MODULEPATH``. This
-will cause Spack to treat a linux container on a Cray system as a base
-linux distro.
-
 .. _windows_support:
 
 ----------------

lib/spack/docs/index.rst

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 Spack
 ===================
 
+.. epigraph::
+
+   `These are docs for the Spack package manager. For sphere packing, see` `pyspack <https://pyspack.readthedocs.io>`_.
+
 Spack is a package management tool designed to support multiple
 versions and configurations of software on a wide variety of platforms
 and environments.  It was designed for large supercomputing centers,

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -2442,14 +2442,15 @@ with. For example, suppose that in the ``libdwarf`` package you write:
 
    depends_on("libelf@0.8")
 
-Now ``libdwarf`` will require ``libelf`` in the range ``0.8``, which
-includes patch versions ``0.8.1``, ``0.8.2``, etc. Apart from version
-restrictions, you can also specify variants if this package requires
-optional features of the dependency.
+Now ``libdwarf`` will require ``libelf`` at *exactly* version ``0.8``.
+You can also specify a requirement for a particular variant or for
+specific compiler flags:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("libelf@0.8 +parser +pic")
+   depends_on("libelf@0.8+debug")
+   depends_on("libelf debug=True")
+   depends_on("libelf cppflags='-fPIC'")
 
 Both users *and* package authors can use the same spec syntax to refer
 to different package configurations. Users use the spec syntax on the
@@ -2457,82 +2458,46 @@ command line to find installed packages or to install packages with
 particular constraints, and package authors can use specs to describe
 relationships between packages.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Specifying backward and forward compatibility
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Version ranges
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Packages are often compatible with a range of versions of their
-dependencies. This is typically referred to as backward and forward
-compatibility. Spack allows you to specify this in the ``depends_on``
-directive using version ranges.
-
-**Backwards compatibility** means that the package requires at least a
-certain version of its dependency:
+Although some packages require a specific version for their dependencies,
+most can be built with a range of versions. For example, if you are
+writing a package for a legacy Python module that only works with Python
+2.4 through 2.6, this would look like:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("python@3.10:")
+   depends_on("python@2.4:2.6")
 
-In this case, the package requires Python 3.10 or newer.
-
-Commonly, packages drop support for older versions of a dependency as
-they release new versions. In Spack you can conveniently add every
-backward compatibility rule as a separate line:
+Version ranges in Spack are *inclusive*, so ``2.4:2.6`` means any version
+greater than or equal to ``2.4`` and up to and including any ``2.6.x``. If
+you want to specify that a package works with any version of Python 3 (or
+higher), this would look like:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   # backward compatibility with Python
-   depends_on("python@3.8:")
-   depends_on("python@3.9:", when="@1.2:")
-   depends_on("python@3.10:", when="@1.4:")
+   depends_on("python@3:")
 
-This means that in general we need Python 3.8 or newer; from version
-1.2 onwards we need Python 3.9 or newer; from version 1.4 onwards we
-need Python 3.10 or newer. Notice that it's fine to have overlapping
-ranges in the ``when`` clauses.
-
-**Forward compatibility** means that the package requires at most a
-certain version of its dependency. Forward compatibility rules are
-necessary when there are breaking changes in the dependency that the
-package cannot handle. In Spack we often add forward compatibility
-bounds only at the time a new, breaking version of a dependency is
-released. As with backward compatibility, it is typical to see a list
-of forward compatibility bounds in a package file as seperate lines:
+Here we leave out the upper bound. If you want to say that a package
+requires Python 2, you can similarly leave out the lower bound:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   # forward compatibility with Python
-   depends_on("python@:3.12", when="@:1.10")
-   depends_on("python@:3.13", when="@:1.12")
+   depends_on("python@:2")
 
-Notice how the ``:`` now appears before the version number both in the
-dependency and in the ``when`` clause. This tells Spack that in general
-we need Python 3.13 or older up to version ``1.12.x``, and up to version
-``1.10.x`` we need Python 3.12 or older. Said differently, forward compatibility
-with Python 3.13 was added in version 1.11, while version 1.13 added forward
-compatibility with Python 3.14.
+Notice that we didn't use ``@:3``. Version ranges are *inclusive*, so
+``@:3`` means "up to and including any 3.x version".
 
-Notice that a version range ``@:3.12`` includes *any* patch version
-number ``3.12.x``, which is often useful when specifying forward compatibility
-bounds.
-
-So far we have seen open-ended version ranges, which is by far the most
-common use case. It is also possible to specify both a lower and an upper bound
-on the version of a dependency, like this:
+You can also simply write
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("python@3.10:3.12")
+   depends_on("python@2.7")
 
-There is short syntax to specify that a package is compatible with say any
-``3.x`` version:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   depends_on("python@3")
-
-The above is equivalent to ``depends_on("python@3:3")``, which means at least
-Python version 3 and at most any version ``3.x.y``.
+to tell Spack that the package needs Python 2.7.x. This is equivalent to
+``@2.7:2.7``.
 
 In very rare cases, you may need to specify an exact version, for example
 if you need to distinguish between ``3.2`` and ``3.2.1``:

lib/spack/docs/repositories.rst

@@ -476,9 +476,3 @@ implemented using Python's built-in `sys.path
 :py:mod:`spack.repo` module implements a custom `Python importer
 <https://docs.python.org/2/library/imp.html>`_.
 
-.. warning::
-
-   The mechanism for extending packages is not yet extensively tested,
-   and extending packages across repositories imposes inter-repo
-   dependencies, which may be hard to manage.  Use this feature at your
-   own risk, but let us know if you have a use case for it.

lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ sphinx_design==0.5.0
 sphinx-rtd-theme==2.0.0
 python-levenshtein==0.25.1
 docutils==0.20.1
-pygments==2.17.2
+pygments==2.18.0
 urllib3==2.2.1
-pytest==8.2.0
+pytest==8.2.1
 isort==5.13.2
 black==24.4.2
 flake8==7.0.0

lib/spack/external/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 * Homepage: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/archspec
 * Usage: Labeling, comparison and detection of microarchitectures
-* Version: 0.2.5 (commit 38ce485258ffc4fc6dd6688f8dc90cb269478c47)
+* Version: 0.2.4 (commit 48b92512b9ce203ded0ebd1ac41b42593e931f7c)
 
 astunparse
 ----------------

lib/spack/external/archspec/cpu/detect.py

@@ -47,11 +47,7 @@ def decorator(factory):
 
 
 def partial_uarch(
-    name: str = "",
-    vendor: str = "",
-    features: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
-    generation: int = 0,
-    cpu_part: str = "",
+    name: str = "", vendor: str = "", features: Optional[Set[str]] = None, generation: int = 0
 ) -> Microarchitecture:
     """Construct a partial microarchitecture, from information gathered during system scan."""
     return Microarchitecture(
@@ -61,7 +57,6 @@ def partial_uarch(
         features=features or set(),
         compilers={},
         generation=generation,
-        cpu_part=cpu_part,
     )
 
 
@@ -95,7 +90,6 @@ def proc_cpuinfo() -> Microarchitecture:
         return partial_uarch(
             vendor=_canonicalize_aarch64_vendor(data),
             features=_feature_set(data, key="Features"),
-            cpu_part=data.get("CPU part", ""),
         )
 
     if architecture in (PPC64LE, PPC64):
@@ -351,10 +345,6 @@ def sorting_fn(item):
     generic_candidates = [c for c in candidates if c.vendor == "generic"]
     best_generic = max(generic_candidates, key=sorting_fn)
 
-    # Relevant for AArch64. Filter on "cpu_part" if we have any match
-    if info.cpu_part != "" and any(c for c in candidates if info.cpu_part == c.cpu_part):
-        candidates = [c for c in candidates if info.cpu_part == c.cpu_part]
-
     # Filter the candidates to be descendant of the best generic candidate.
     # This is to avoid that the lack of a niche feature that can be disabled
     # from e.g. BIOS prevents detection of a reasonably performant architecture

lib/spack/external/archspec/cpu/microarchitecture.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 # Archspec Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-"""Types and functions to manage information on CPU microarchitectures."""
+"""Types and functions to manage information
+on CPU microarchitectures.
+"""
 import functools
 import platform
 import re
@@ -63,31 +65,23 @@ class Microarchitecture:
                 passed in as argument above.
             * versions: versions that support this micro-architecture.
 
-        generation (int): generation of the micro-architecture, if relevant.
-        cpu_part (str): cpu part of the architecture, if relevant.
+        generation (int): generation of the micro-architecture, if
+            relevant.
     """
 
-    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments,too-many-instance-attributes
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
     #: Aliases for micro-architecture's features
     feature_aliases = FEATURE_ALIASES
 
-    def __init__(self, name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation=0, cpu_part=""):
+    def __init__(self, name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation=0):
         self.name = name
         self.parents = parents
         self.vendor = vendor
         self.features = features
         self.compilers = compilers
-        # Only relevant for PowerPC
         self.generation = generation
-        # Only relevant for AArch64
-        self.cpu_part = cpu_part
-
-        # Cache the "ancestor" computation
+        # Cache the ancestor computation
         self._ancestors = None
-        # Cache the "generic" computation
-        self._generic = None
-        # Cache the "family" computation
-        self._family = None
 
     @property
     def ancestors(self):
@@ -117,12 +111,8 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
             and self.parents == other.parents  # avoid ancestors here
             and self.compilers == other.compilers
             and self.generation == other.generation
-            and self.cpu_part == other.cpu_part
         )
 
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash(self.name)
-
     @coerce_target_names
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not self == other
@@ -153,8 +143,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         cls_name = self.__class__.__name__
         fmt = (
             cls_name + "({0.name!r}, {0.parents!r}, {0.vendor!r}, "
-            "{0.features!r}, {0.compilers!r}, generation={0.generation!r}, "
-            "cpu_part={0.cpu_part!r})"
+            "{0.features!r}, {0.compilers!r}, {0.generation!r})"
         )
         return fmt.format(self)
 
@@ -179,22 +168,18 @@ def __contains__(self, feature):
     @property
     def family(self):
         """Returns the architecture family a given target belongs to"""
-        if self._family is None:
-            roots = [x for x in [self] + self.ancestors if not x.ancestors]
-            msg = "a target is expected to belong to just one architecture family"
-            msg += f"[found {', '.join(str(x) for x in roots)}]"
-            assert len(roots) == 1, msg
-            self._family = roots.pop()
+        roots = [x for x in [self] + self.ancestors if not x.ancestors]
+        msg = "a target is expected to belong to just one architecture family"
+        msg += f"[found {', '.join(str(x) for x in roots)}]"
+        assert len(roots) == 1, msg
 
-        return self._family
+        return roots.pop()
 
     @property
     def generic(self):
         """Returns the best generic architecture that is compatible with self"""
-        if self._generic is None:
-            generics = [x for x in [self] + self.ancestors if x.vendor == "generic"]
-            self._generic = max(generics, key=lambda x: len(x.ancestors))
-        return self._generic
+        generics = [x for x in [self] + self.ancestors if x.vendor == "generic"]
+        return max(generics, key=lambda x: len(x.ancestors))
 
     def to_dict(self):
         """Returns a dictionary representation of this object."""
@@ -205,7 +190,6 @@ def to_dict(self):
             "generation": self.generation,
             "parents": [str(x) for x in self.parents],
             "compilers": self.compilers,
-            "cpupart": self.cpu_part,
         }
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -218,7 +202,6 @@ def from_dict(data) -> "Microarchitecture":
             features=set(data["features"]),
             compilers=data.get("compilers", {}),
             generation=data.get("generation", 0),
-            cpu_part=data.get("cpupart", ""),
         )
 
     def optimization_flags(self, compiler, version):
@@ -377,11 +360,8 @@ def fill_target_from_dict(name, data, targets):
         features = set(values["features"])
         compilers = values.get("compilers", {})
         generation = values.get("generation", 0)
-        cpu_part = values.get("cpupart", "")
 
-        targets[name] = Microarchitecture(
-            name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation=generation, cpu_part=cpu_part
-        )
+        targets[name] = Microarchitecture(name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation)
 
     known_targets = {}
     data = archspec.cpu.schema.TARGETS_JSON["microarchitectures"]

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures.json

@@ -1482,6 +1482,7 @@
         "cldemote",
         "movdir64b",
         "movdiri",
+        "pdcm",
         "serialize",
         "waitpkg"
       ],
@@ -2224,96 +2225,14 @@
         ],
         "nvhpc": [
           {
-            "versions": "21.11:23.8",
+            "versions": "21.11:",
 	    "name": "zen3",
             "flags": "-tp {name}",
-	    "warnings": "zen4 is not fully supported by nvhpc versions < 23.9, falling back to zen3"
-          },
-          {
-            "versions": "23.9:",
-            "flags": "-tp {name}"
+	    "warnings": "zen4 is not fully supported by nvhpc yet, falling back to zen3"
           }
 	]
       }
     },
-    "zen5": {
-      "from": ["zen4"],
-      "vendor": "AuthenticAMD",
-      "features": [
-        "abm",
-        "aes",
-        "avx",
-        "avx2",
-        "avx512_bf16",
-        "avx512_bitalg",
-        "avx512bw",
-        "avx512cd",
-        "avx512dq",
-        "avx512f",
-        "avx512ifma",
-        "avx512vbmi",
-        "avx512_vbmi2",
-        "avx512vl",
-        "avx512_vnni",
-        "avx512_vp2intersect",
-        "avx512_vpopcntdq",
-        "avx_vnni",
-        "bmi1",
-        "bmi2",
-        "clflushopt",
-        "clwb",
-        "clzero",
-        "cppc",
-        "cx16",
-        "f16c",
-        "flush_l1d",
-        "fma",
-        "fsgsbase",
-        "gfni",
-        "ibrs_enhanced",
-        "mmx",
-        "movbe",
-        "movdir64b",
-        "movdiri",
-        "pclmulqdq",
-        "popcnt",
-        "rdseed",
-        "sse",
-        "sse2",
-        "sse4_1",
-        "sse4_2",
-        "sse4a",
-        "ssse3",
-        "tsc_adjust",
-        "vaes",
-        "vpclmulqdq",
-        "xsavec",
-        "xsaveopt"
-      ],
-      "compilers": {
-        "gcc": [
-          {
-            "versions": "14.1:",
-            "name": "znver5",
-            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
-          }
-        ],
-        "aocc": [
-          {
-            "versions": "5.0:",
-            "name": "znver5",
-            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
-          }
-        ],
-        "clang": [
-          {
-            "versions": "19.1:",
-            "name": "znver5",
-            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
-          }
-        ]
-      }
-    },
     "ppc64": {
       "from": [],
       "vendor": "generic",
@@ -2792,8 +2711,7 @@
             "flags": "-mcpu=thunderx2t99"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x0af"
+      }
     },
     "a64fx": {
       "from": ["armv8.2a"],
@@ -2861,8 +2779,7 @@
             "flags": "-march=armv8.2-a+crc+crypto+fp16+sve"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x001"
+      }
     },
     "cortex_a72": {
       "from": ["aarch64"],
@@ -2899,8 +2816,7 @@
                   "flags" : "-mcpu=cortex-a72"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd08"
+      }
     },
     "neoverse_n1": {
       "from": ["cortex_a72", "armv8.2a"],
@@ -2921,7 +2837,8 @@
           "asimdrdm",
           "lrcpc",
           "dcpop",
-          "asimddp"
+          "asimddp",
+          "ssbs"
       ],
       "compilers" : {
           "gcc": [
@@ -2985,8 +2902,7 @@
                   "flags": "-tp {name}"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd0c"
+      }
     },
     "neoverse_v1": {
       "from": ["neoverse_n1", "armv8.4a"],
@@ -3010,6 +2926,8 @@
           "lrcpc",
           "dcpop",
           "sha3",
+          "sm3",
+          "sm4",
           "asimddp",
           "sha512",
           "sve",
@@ -3018,6 +2936,7 @@
           "uscat",
           "ilrcpc",
           "flagm",
+          "ssbs",
           "dcpodp",
           "svei8mm",
           "svebf16",
@@ -3085,7 +3004,7 @@
               },
               {
                   "versions": "11:",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
+                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+ssbs+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
               },
               {
                   "versions": "12:",
@@ -3109,8 +3028,7 @@
                   "flags": "-tp {name}"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd40"
+      }
     },
     "neoverse_v2": {
       "from": ["neoverse_n1", "armv9.0a"],
@@ -3134,22 +3052,32 @@
 	  "lrcpc",
 	  "dcpop",
 	  "sha3",
+	  "sm3",
+	  "sm4",
 	  "asimddp",
 	  "sha512",
 	  "sve",
 	  "asimdfhm",
+	  "dit",
 	  "uscat",
 	  "ilrcpc",
 	  "flagm",
+	  "ssbs",
 	  "sb",
 	  "dcpodp",
 	  "sve2",
+	  "sveaes",
+	  "svepmull",
+	  "svebitperm",
+	  "svesha3",
+	  "svesm4",
 	  "flagm2",
 	  "frint",
 	  "svei8mm",
 	  "svebf16",
 	  "i8mm",
-	  "bf16"
+	  "bf16",
+	  "dgh"
       ],
       "compilers" : {
           "gcc": [
@@ -3174,19 +3102,15 @@
                   "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve -mtune=cortex-a76"
               },
               {
-                  "versions": "10.0:11.3.99",
+                  "versions": "10.0:11.99",
                   "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve+sve2+i8mm+bf16 -mtune=cortex-a77"
               },
-	      {
-                  "versions": "11.4:11.99",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-v2"
-              },
               {
-                  "versions": "12.0:12.2.99",
+                  "versions": "12.0:12.99",
                   "flags" : "-march=armv9-a+i8mm+bf16 -mtune=cortex-a710"
               },
 	      {
-                  "versions": "12.3:",
+                  "versions": "13.0:",
                   "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-v2"
               }
           ],
@@ -3221,112 +3145,7 @@
                   "flags": "-tp {name}"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd4f"
-    },
-    "neoverse_n2": {
-      "from": ["neoverse_n1", "armv9.0a"],
-      "vendor": "ARM",
-      "features": [
-          "fp",
-	  "asimd",
-	  "evtstrm",
-	  "aes",
-	  "pmull",
-	  "sha1",
-	  "sha2",
-	  "crc32",
-	  "atomics",
-	  "fphp",
-	  "asimdhp",
-	  "cpuid",
-	  "asimdrdm",
-	  "jscvt",
-	  "fcma",
-	  "lrcpc",
-	  "dcpop",
-	  "sha3",
-	  "asimddp",
-	  "sha512",
-	  "sve",
-	  "asimdfhm",
-	  "uscat",
-	  "ilrcpc",
-	  "flagm",
-	  "sb",
-	  "dcpodp",
-	  "sve2",
-	  "flagm2",
-	  "frint",
-	  "svei8mm",
-	  "svebf16",
-	  "i8mm",
-	  "bf16"
-      ],
-      "compilers" : {
-          "gcc": [
-              {
-                  "versions": "4.8:5.99",
-                  "flags": "-march=armv8-a"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "6:6.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.1-a"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "7.0:7.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.2-a -mtune=cortex-a72"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "8.0:8.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve -mtune=cortex-a72"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "9.0:9.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve -mtune=cortex-a76"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "10.0:10.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve+sve2+i8mm+bf16 -mtune=cortex-a77"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "11.0:",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-n2"
-              }
-          ],
-          "clang" : [
-              {
-                  "versions": "9.0:10.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "11.0:13.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve+sve2+i8mm+bf16"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "14.0:15.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv9-a+i8mm+bf16"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "16.0:",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-n2"
-              }
-          ],
-          "arm" : [
-              {
-                  "versions": "23.04.0:",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-n2"
-              }
-          ],
-          "nvhpc" : [
-              {
-                  "versions": "23.3:",
-                  "name": "neoverse-n1",
-                  "flags": "-tp {name}"
-              }
-          ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd49"
+      }
     },
     "m1": {
       "from": ["armv8.4a"],
@@ -3392,8 +3211,7 @@
             "flags" : "-mcpu=apple-m1"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x022"
+      }
     },
     "m2": {
       "from": ["m1", "armv8.5a"],
@@ -3471,8 +3289,7 @@
             "flags" : "-mcpu=apple-m2"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x032"
+      }
     },
     "arm": {
       "from": [],

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures_schema.json

@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@
                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
-            "cpupart": {
-              "type": "string"
             }
           },
           "required": [
@@ -110,4 +107,4 @@
       "additionalProperties": false
     }
   }
-}
+}

lib/spack/llnl/util/filesystem.py

@@ -766,7 +766,6 @@ def copy_tree(
     src: str,
     dest: str,
     symlinks: bool = True,
-    allow_broken_symlinks: bool = sys.platform != "win32",
     ignore: Optional[Callable[[str], bool]] = None,
     _permissions: bool = False,
 ):
@@ -789,8 +788,6 @@ def copy_tree(
         src (str): the directory to copy
         dest (str): the destination directory
         symlinks (bool): whether or not to preserve symlinks
-        allow_broken_symlinks (bool): whether or not to allow broken (dangling) symlinks,
-            On Windows, setting this to True will raise an exception. Defaults to true on unix.
         ignore (typing.Callable): function indicating which files to ignore
         _permissions (bool): for internal use only
 
@@ -798,8 +795,6 @@ def copy_tree(
         IOError: if *src* does not match any files or directories
         ValueError: if *src* is a parent directory of *dest*
     """
-    if allow_broken_symlinks and sys.platform == "win32":
-        raise llnl.util.symlink.SymlinkError("Cannot allow broken symlinks on Windows!")
     if _permissions:
         tty.debug("Installing {0} to {1}".format(src, dest))
     else:
@@ -872,16 +867,14 @@ def escaped_path(path):
                 copy_mode(s, d)
 
     for target, d, s in links:
-        symlink(target, d, allow_broken_symlinks=allow_broken_symlinks)
+        symlink(target, d)
         if _permissions:
             set_install_permissions(d)
             copy_mode(s, d)
 
 
 @system_path_filter
-def install_tree(
-    src, dest, symlinks=True, ignore=None, allow_broken_symlinks=sys.platform != "win32"
-):
+def install_tree(src, dest, symlinks=True, ignore=None):
     """Recursively install an entire directory tree rooted at *src*.
 
     Same as :py:func:`copy_tree` with the addition of setting proper
@@ -892,21 +885,12 @@ def install_tree(
         dest (str): the destination directory
         symlinks (bool): whether or not to preserve symlinks
         ignore (typing.Callable): function indicating which files to ignore
-        allow_broken_symlinks (bool): whether or not to allow broken (dangling) symlinks,
-            On Windows, setting this to True will raise an exception.
 
     Raises:
         IOError: if *src* does not match any files or directories
         ValueError: if *src* is a parent directory of *dest*
     """
-    copy_tree(
-        src,
-        dest,
-        symlinks=symlinks,
-        allow_broken_symlinks=allow_broken_symlinks,
-        ignore=ignore,
-        _permissions=True,
-    )
+    copy_tree(src, dest, symlinks=symlinks, ignore=ignore, _permissions=True)
 
 
 @system_path_filter

lib/spack/llnl/util/symlink.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
+from typing import Union
 
 from llnl.util import lang, tty
 
@@ -16,92 +17,66 @@
 if sys.platform == "win32":
     from win32file import CreateHardLink
 
-is_windows = sys.platform == "win32"
 
+def _windows_symlink(
+    src: str, dst: str, target_is_directory: bool = False, *, dir_fd: Union[int, None] = None
+):
+    """On Windows with System Administrator privileges this will be a normal symbolic link via
+    os.symlink. On Windows without privledges the link will be a junction for a directory and a
+    hardlink for a file. On Windows the various link types are:
 
-def symlink(source_path: str, link_path: str, allow_broken_symlinks: bool = not is_windows):
-    """
-    Create a link.
+    Symbolic Link: A link to a file or directory on the same or different volume (drive letter) or
+    even to a remote file or directory (using UNC in its path). Need System Administrator
+    privileges to make these.
 
-    On non-Windows and Windows with System Administrator
-    privleges this will be a normal symbolic link via
-    os.symlink.
+    Hard Link: A link to a file on the same volume (drive letter) only. Every file (file's data)
+    has at least 1 hard link (file's name). But when this method creates a new hard link there will
+    be 2. Deleting all hard links effectively deletes the file. Don't need System Administrator
+    privileges.
 
-    On Windows without privledges the link will be a
-    junction for a directory and a hardlink for a file.
-    On Windows the various link types are:
-
-    Symbolic Link: A link to a file or directory on the
-    same or different volume (drive letter) or even to
-    a remote file or directory (using UNC in its path).
-    Need System Administrator privileges to make these.
-
-    Hard Link: A link to a file on the same volume (drive
-    letter) only. Every file (file's data) has at least 1
-    hard link (file's name). But when this method creates
-    a new hard link there will be 2. Deleting all hard
-    links effectively deletes the file. Don't need System
-    Administrator privileges.
-
-    Junction: A link to a directory on the same or different
-    volume (drive letter) but not to a remote directory. Don't
-    need System Administrator privileges.
-
-    Parameters:
-        source_path (str): The real file or directory that the link points to.
-            Must be absolute OR relative to the link.
-        link_path (str): The path where the link will exist.
-        allow_broken_symlinks (bool): On Linux or Mac, don't raise an exception if the source_path
-            doesn't exist. This will still raise an exception on Windows.
-    """
-    source_path = os.path.normpath(source_path)
+    Junction: A link to a directory on the same or different volume (drive letter) but not to a
+    remote directory. Don't need System Administrator privileges."""
+    source_path = os.path.normpath(src)
     win_source_path = source_path
-    link_path = os.path.normpath(link_path)
+    link_path = os.path.normpath(dst)
 
-    # Never allow broken links on Windows.
-    if sys.platform == "win32" and allow_broken_symlinks:
-        raise ValueError("allow_broken_symlinks parameter cannot be True on Windows.")
+    # Perform basic checks to make sure symlinking will succeed
+    if os.path.lexists(link_path):
+        raise AlreadyExistsError(f"Link path ({link_path}) already exists. Cannot create link.")
 
-    if not allow_broken_symlinks:
-        # Perform basic checks to make sure symlinking will succeed
-        if os.path.lexists(link_path):
-            raise AlreadyExistsError(
-                f"Link path ({link_path}) already exists. Cannot create link."
+    if not os.path.exists(source_path):
+        if os.path.isabs(source_path):
+            # An absolute source path that does not exist will result in a broken link.
+            raise SymlinkError(
+                f"Source path ({source_path}) is absolute but does not exist. Resulting "
+                f"link would be broken so not making link."
             )
-
-        if not os.path.exists(source_path):
-            if os.path.isabs(source_path) and not allow_broken_symlinks:
-                # An absolute source path that does not exist will result in a broken link.
-                raise SymlinkError(
-                    f"Source path ({source_path}) is absolute but does not exist. Resulting "
-                    f"link would be broken so not making link."
-                )
+        else:
+            # os.symlink can create a link when the given source path is relative to
+            # the link path. Emulate this behavior and check to see if the source exists
+            # relative to the link path ahead of link creation to prevent broken
+            # links from being made.
+            link_parent_dir = os.path.dirname(link_path)
+            relative_path = os.path.join(link_parent_dir, source_path)
+            if os.path.exists(relative_path):
+                # In order to work on windows, the source path needs to be modified to be
+                # relative because hardlink/junction dont resolve relative paths the same
+                # way as os.symlink. This is ignored on other operating systems.
+                win_source_path = relative_path
             else:
-                # os.symlink can create a link when the given source path is relative to
-                # the link path. Emulate this behavior and check to see if the source exists
-                # relative to the link path ahead of link creation to prevent broken
-                # links from being made.
-                link_parent_dir = os.path.dirname(link_path)
-                relative_path = os.path.join(link_parent_dir, source_path)
-                if os.path.exists(relative_path):
-                    # In order to work on windows, the source path needs to be modified to be
-                    # relative because hardlink/junction dont resolve relative paths the same
-                    # way as os.symlink. This is ignored on other operating systems.
-                    win_source_path = relative_path
-                elif not allow_broken_symlinks:
-                    raise SymlinkError(
-                        f"The source path ({source_path}) is not relative to the link path "
-                        f"({link_path}). Resulting link would be broken so not making link."
-                    )
+                raise SymlinkError(
+                    f"The source path ({source_path}) is not relative to the link path "
+                    f"({link_path}). Resulting link would be broken so not making link."
+                )
 
     # Create the symlink
-    if sys.platform == "win32" and not _windows_can_symlink():
+    if not _windows_can_symlink():
         _windows_create_link(win_source_path, link_path)
     else:
         os.symlink(source_path, link_path, target_is_directory=os.path.isdir(source_path))
 
 
-def islink(path: str) -> bool:
+def _windows_islink(path: str) -> bool:
     """Override os.islink to give correct answer for spack logic.
 
     For Non-Windows: a link can be determined with the os.path.islink method.
@@ -269,7 +244,7 @@ def _windows_create_hard_link(path: str, link: str):
         CreateHardLink(link, path)
 
 
-def readlink(path: str, *, dir_fd=None):
+def _windows_readlink(path: str, *, dir_fd=None):
     """Spack utility to override of os.readlink method to work cross platform"""
     if _windows_is_hardlink(path):
         return _windows_read_hard_link(path)
@@ -338,6 +313,16 @@ def resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link(link):
     return os.path.join(link_dir, target)
 
 
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    symlink = _windows_symlink
+    readlink = _windows_readlink
+    islink = _windows_islink
+else:
+    symlink = os.symlink
+    readlink = os.readlink
+    islink = os.path.islink
+
+
 class SymlinkError(RuntimeError):
     """Exception class for errors raised while creating symlinks,
     junctions and hard links

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/log.py

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
 import threading
 import traceback
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from multiprocessing.connection import Connection
 from threading import Thread
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Callable, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
@@ -330,6 +329,49 @@ def close(self):
             self.file.close()
 
 
+class MultiProcessFd:
+    """Return an object which stores a file descriptor and can be passed as an
+    argument to a function run with ``multiprocessing.Process``, such that
+    the file descriptor is available in the subprocess."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fd):
+        self._connection = None
+        self._fd = None
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+            self._connection = multiprocessing.connection.Connection(fd)
+        else:
+            self._fd = fd
+
+    @property
+    def fd(self):
+        if self._connection:
+            return self._connection._handle
+        else:
+            return self._fd
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._connection:
+            self._connection.close()
+        else:
+            os.close(self._fd)
+
+
+def close_connection_and_file(multiprocess_fd, file):
+    # MultiprocessFd is intended to transmit a FD
+    # to a child process, this FD is then opened to a Python File object
+    # (using fdopen). In >= 3.8, MultiprocessFd encapsulates a
+    # multiprocessing.connection.Connection; Connection closes the FD
+    # when it is deleted, and prints a warning about duplicate closure if
+    # it is not explicitly closed. In < 3.8, MultiprocessFd encapsulates a
+    # simple FD; closing the FD here appears to conflict with
+    # closure of the File object (in < 3.8 that is). Therefore this needs
+    # to choose whether to close the File or the Connection.
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        multiprocess_fd.close()
+    else:
+        file.close()
+
+
 @contextmanager
 def replace_environment(env):
     """Replace the current environment (`os.environ`) with `env`.
@@ -487,20 +529,22 @@ def __enter__(self):
         # forcing debug output.
         self._saved_debug = tty._debug
 
-        # Pipe for redirecting output to logger
-        read_fd, self.write_fd = multiprocessing.Pipe(duplex=False)
+        # OS-level pipe for redirecting output to logger
+        read_fd, write_fd = os.pipe()
 
-        # Pipe for communication back from the daemon
+        read_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd(read_fd)
+
+        # Multiprocessing pipe for communication back from the daemon
         # Currently only used to save echo value between uses
-        self.parent_pipe, child_pipe = multiprocessing.Pipe(duplex=False)
+        self.parent_pipe, child_pipe = multiprocessing.Pipe()
 
         # Sets a daemon that writes to file what it reads from a pipe
         try:
             # need to pass this b/c multiprocessing closes stdin in child.
-            input_fd = None
+            input_multiprocess_fd = None
             try:
                 if sys.stdin.isatty():
-                    input_fd = Connection(os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno()))
+                    input_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd(os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno()))
             except BaseException:
                 # just don't forward input if this fails
                 pass
@@ -509,9 +553,9 @@ def __enter__(self):
                 self.process = multiprocessing.Process(
                     target=_writer_daemon,
                     args=(
-                        input_fd,
-                        read_fd,
-                        self.write_fd,
+                        input_multiprocess_fd,
+                        read_multiprocess_fd,
+                        write_fd,
                         self.echo,
                         self.log_file,
                         child_pipe,
@@ -522,9 +566,9 @@ def __enter__(self):
                 self.process.start()
 
         finally:
-            if input_fd:
-                input_fd.close()
-            read_fd.close()
+            if input_multiprocess_fd:
+                input_multiprocess_fd.close()
+            read_multiprocess_fd.close()
 
         # Flush immediately before redirecting so that anything buffered
         # goes to the original stream
@@ -542,9 +586,9 @@ def __enter__(self):
             self._saved_stderr = os.dup(sys.stderr.fileno())
 
             # redirect to the pipe we created above
-            os.dup2(self.write_fd.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
-            os.dup2(self.write_fd.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())
-            self.write_fd.close()
+            os.dup2(write_fd, sys.stdout.fileno())
+            os.dup2(write_fd, sys.stderr.fileno())
+            os.close(write_fd)
 
         else:
             # Handle I/O the Python way. This won't redirect lower-level
@@ -557,7 +601,7 @@ def __enter__(self):
             self._saved_stderr = sys.stderr
 
             # create a file object for the pipe; redirect to it.
-            pipe_fd_out = os.fdopen(self.write_fd.fileno(), "w", closefd=False)
+            pipe_fd_out = os.fdopen(write_fd, "w")
             sys.stdout = pipe_fd_out
             sys.stderr = pipe_fd_out
 
@@ -593,7 +637,6 @@ def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
         else:
             sys.stdout = self._saved_stdout
             sys.stderr = self._saved_stderr
-            self.write_fd.close()
 
         # print log contents in parent if needed.
         if self.log_file.write_in_parent:
@@ -807,14 +850,14 @@ def force_echo(self):
 
 
 def _writer_daemon(
-    stdin_fd: Optional[Connection],
-    read_fd: Connection,
-    write_fd: Connection,
-    echo: bool,
-    log_file_wrapper: FileWrapper,
-    control_fd: Connection,
-    filter_fn: Optional[Callable[[str], str]],
-) -> None:
+    stdin_multiprocess_fd,
+    read_multiprocess_fd,
+    write_fd,
+    echo,
+    log_file_wrapper,
+    control_pipe,
+    filter_fn,
+):
     """Daemon used by ``log_output`` to write to a log file and to ``stdout``.
 
     The daemon receives output from the parent process and writes it both
@@ -851,37 +894,43 @@ def _writer_daemon(
     ``StringIO`` in the parent. This is mainly for testing.
 
     Arguments:
-        stdin_fd: optional input from the terminal
-        read_fd: pipe for reading from parent's redirected stdout
-        echo: initial echo setting -- controlled by user and preserved across multiple writer
-            daemons
-        log_file_wrapper: file to log all output
-        control_pipe: multiprocessing pipe on which to send control information to the parent
-        filter_fn: optional function to filter each line of output
+        stdin_multiprocess_fd (int): input from the terminal
+        read_multiprocess_fd (int): pipe for reading from parent's redirected
+            stdout
+        echo (bool): initial echo setting -- controlled by user and
+            preserved across multiple writer daemons
+        log_file_wrapper (FileWrapper): file to log all output
+        control_pipe (Pipe): multiprocessing pipe on which to send control
+            information to the parent
+        filter_fn (callable, optional): function to filter each line of output
 
     """
-    # This process depends on closing all instances of write_pipe to terminate the reading loop
-    write_fd.close()
+    # If this process was forked, then it will inherit file descriptors from
+    # the parent process. This process depends on closing all instances of
+    # write_fd to terminate the reading loop, so we close the file descriptor
+    # here. Forking is the process spawning method everywhere except Mac OS
+    # for Python >= 3.8 and on Windows
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 8) or sys.platform != "darwin":
+        os.close(write_fd)
 
     # 1. Use line buffering (3rd param = 1) since Python 3 has a bug
     # that prevents unbuffered text I/O.
     # 2. Python 3.x before 3.7 does not open with UTF-8 encoding by default
-    # 3. closefd=False because Connection has "ownership"
-    read_file = os.fdopen(read_fd.fileno(), "r", 1, encoding="utf-8", closefd=False)
+    in_pipe = os.fdopen(read_multiprocess_fd.fd, "r", 1, encoding="utf-8")
 
-    if stdin_fd:
-        stdin_file = os.fdopen(stdin_fd.fileno(), closefd=False)
+    if stdin_multiprocess_fd:
+        stdin = os.fdopen(stdin_multiprocess_fd.fd)
     else:
-        stdin_file = None
+        stdin = None
 
     # list of streams to select from
-    istreams = [read_file, stdin_file] if stdin_file else [read_file]
+    istreams = [in_pipe, stdin] if stdin else [in_pipe]
     force_echo = False  # parent can force echo for certain output
 
     log_file = log_file_wrapper.unwrap()
 
     try:
-        with keyboard_input(stdin_file) as kb:
+        with keyboard_input(stdin) as kb:
             while True:
                 # fix the terminal settings if we recently came to
                 # the foreground
@@ -894,12 +943,12 @@ def _writer_daemon(
                 # Allow user to toggle echo with 'v' key.
                 # Currently ignores other chars.
                 # only read stdin if we're in the foreground
-                if stdin_file and stdin_file in rlist and not _is_background_tty(stdin_file):
+                if stdin in rlist and not _is_background_tty(stdin):
                     # it's possible to be backgrounded between the above
                     # check and the read, so we ignore SIGTTIN here.
                     with ignore_signal(signal.SIGTTIN):
                         try:
-                            if stdin_file.read(1) == "v":
+                            if stdin.read(1) == "v":
                                 echo = not echo
                         except IOError as e:
                             # If SIGTTIN is ignored, the system gives EIO
@@ -908,13 +957,13 @@ def _writer_daemon(
                             if e.errno != errno.EIO:
                                 raise
 
-                if read_file in rlist:
+                if in_pipe in rlist:
                     line_count = 0
                     try:
                         while line_count < 100:
                             # Handle output from the calling process.
                             try:
-                                line = _retry(read_file.readline)()
+                                line = _retry(in_pipe.readline)()
                             except UnicodeDecodeError:
                                 # installs like --test=root gpgme produce non-UTF8 logs
                                 line = "<line lost: output was not encoded as UTF-8>\n"
@@ -943,7 +992,7 @@ def _writer_daemon(
                                 if xoff in controls:
                                     force_echo = False
 
-                            if not _input_available(read_file):
+                            if not _input_available(in_pipe):
                                 break
                     finally:
                         if line_count > 0:
@@ -958,14 +1007,14 @@ def _writer_daemon(
     finally:
         # send written data back to parent if we used a StringIO
         if isinstance(log_file, io.StringIO):
-            control_fd.send(log_file.getvalue())
+            control_pipe.send(log_file.getvalue())
         log_file_wrapper.close()
-        read_fd.close()
-        if stdin_fd:
-            stdin_fd.close()
+        close_connection_and_file(read_multiprocess_fd, in_pipe)
+        if stdin_multiprocess_fd:
+            close_connection_and_file(stdin_multiprocess_fd, stdin)
 
         # send echo value back to the parent so it can be preserved.
-        control_fd.send(echo)
+        control_pipe.send(echo)
 
 
 def _retry(function):

lib/spack/spack/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 #: PEP440 canonical <major>.<minor>.<micro>.<devN> string
-__version__ = "0.22.4"
+__version__ = "0.23.0.dev0"
 spack_version = __version__
 
 

lib/spack/spack/audit.py

@@ -421,6 +421,10 @@ def _check_patch_urls(pkgs, error_cls):
         r"^https?://(?:patch-diff\.)?github(?:usercontent)?\.com/"
         r".+/.+/(?:commit|pull)/[a-fA-F0-9]+\.(?:patch|diff)"
     )
+    github_pull_commits_re = (
+        r"^https?://(?:patch-diff\.)?github(?:usercontent)?\.com/"
+        r".+/.+/pull/\d+/commits/[a-fA-F0-9]+\.(?:patch|diff)"
+    )
     # Only .diff URLs have stable/full hashes:
     # https://forum.gitlab.com/t/patches-with-full-index/29313
     gitlab_patch_url_re = (
@@ -436,14 +440,24 @@ def _check_patch_urls(pkgs, error_cls):
                 if not isinstance(patch, spack.patch.UrlPatch):
                     continue
 
-                if re.match(github_patch_url_re, patch.url):
+                if re.match(github_pull_commits_re, patch.url):
+                    url = re.sub(r"/pull/\d+/commits/", r"/commit/", patch.url)
+                    url = re.sub(r"^(.*)(?<!full_index=1)$", r"\1?full_index=1", url)
+                    errors.append(
+                        error_cls(
+                            f"patch URL in package {pkg_cls.name} "
+                            + "must not be a pull request commit; "
+                            + f"instead use {url}",
+                            [patch.url],
+                        )
+                    )
+                elif re.match(github_patch_url_re, patch.url):
                     full_index_arg = "?full_index=1"
                     if not patch.url.endswith(full_index_arg):
                         errors.append(
                             error_cls(
-                                "patch URL in package {0} must end with {1}".format(
-                                    pkg_cls.name, full_index_arg
-                                ),
+                                f"patch URL in package {pkg_cls.name} "
+                                + f"must end with {full_index_arg}",
                                 [patch.url],
                             )
                         )
@@ -451,9 +465,7 @@ def _check_patch_urls(pkgs, error_cls):
                     if not patch.url.endswith(".diff"):
                         errors.append(
                             error_cls(
-                                "patch URL in package {0} must end with .diff".format(
-                                    pkg_cls.name
-                                ),
+                                f"patch URL in package {pkg_cls.name} must end with .diff",
                                 [patch.url],
                             )
                         )
@@ -779,7 +791,7 @@ def check_virtual_with_variants(spec, msg):
                         return
                     error = error_cls(
                         f"{pkg_name}: {msg}",
-                        [f"remove variants from '{spec}' in depends_on directive in {filename}"],
+                        f"remove variants from '{spec}' in depends_on directive in {filename}",
                     )
                     errors.append(error)
 

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import warnings
 from contextlib import closing
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fsys
 import llnl.util.lang
@@ -898,8 +899,9 @@ def url_read_method(url):
         try:
             _, _, spec_file = web_util.read_from_url(url)
             contents = codecs.getreader("utf-8")(spec_file).read()
-        except web_util.SpackWebError as e:
-            tty.error(f"Error reading specfile: {url}: {e}")
+        except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError) as url_err:
+            tty.error("Error reading specfile: {0}".format(url))
+            tty.error(url_err)
         return contents
 
     try:
@@ -2039,17 +2041,21 @@ def try_direct_fetch(spec, mirrors=None):
         try:
             _, _, fs = web_util.read_from_url(buildcache_fetch_url_signed_json)
             specfile_is_signed = True
-        except web_util.SpackWebError as e1:
+        except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError, HTTPError) as url_err:
             try:
                 _, _, fs = web_util.read_from_url(buildcache_fetch_url_json)
-            except web_util.SpackWebError as e2:
+            except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError, HTTPError) as url_err_x:
                 tty.debug(
-                    f"Did not find {specfile_name} on {buildcache_fetch_url_signed_json}",
-                    e1,
+                    "Did not find {0} on {1}".format(
+                        specfile_name, buildcache_fetch_url_signed_json
+                    ),
+                    url_err,
                     level=2,
                 )
                 tty.debug(
-                    f"Did not find {specfile_name} on {buildcache_fetch_url_json}", e2, level=2
+                    "Did not find {0} on {1}".format(specfile_name, buildcache_fetch_url_json),
+                    url_err_x,
+                    level=2,
                 )
                 continue
         specfile_contents = codecs.getreader("utf-8")(fs).read()
@@ -2134,9 +2140,6 @@ def get_keys(install=False, trust=False, force=False, mirrors=None):
 
     for mirror in mirror_collection.values():
         fetch_url = mirror.fetch_url
-        # TODO: oci:// does not support signing.
-        if fetch_url.startswith("oci://"):
-            continue
         keys_url = url_util.join(
             fetch_url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, BUILD_CACHE_KEYS_RELATIVE_PATH
         )
@@ -2147,12 +2150,19 @@ def get_keys(install=False, trust=False, force=False, mirrors=None):
         try:
             _, _, json_file = web_util.read_from_url(keys_index)
             json_index = sjson.load(codecs.getreader("utf-8")(json_file))
-        except web_util.SpackWebError as url_err:
+        except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError) as url_err:
             if web_util.url_exists(keys_index):
+                err_msg = [
+                    "Unable to find public keys in {0},",
+                    " caught exception attempting to read from {1}.",
+                ]
+
                 tty.error(
-                    f"Unable to find public keys in {url_util.format(fetch_url)},"
-                    f" caught exception attempting to read from {url_util.format(keys_index)}."
+                    "".join(err_msg).format(
+                        url_util.format(fetch_url), url_util.format(keys_index)
+                    )
                 )
+
                 tty.debug(url_err)
 
             continue
@@ -2432,7 +2442,7 @@ def get_remote_hash(self):
         url_index_hash = url_util.join(self.url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, "index.json.hash")
         try:
             response = self.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(url_index_hash, headers=self.headers))
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError):
+        except urllib.error.URLError:
             return None
 
         # Validate the hash
@@ -2454,7 +2464,7 @@ def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
 
         try:
             response = self.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(url_index, headers=self.headers))
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
             raise FetchIndexError("Could not fetch index from {}".format(url_index), e) from e
 
         try:
@@ -2495,7 +2505,10 @@ def __init__(self, url, etag, urlopen=web_util.urlopen):
     def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
         # Just do a conditional fetch immediately
         url = url_util.join(self.url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, "index.json")
-        headers = {"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT, "If-None-Match": f'"{self.etag}"'}
+        headers = {
+            "User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT,
+            "If-None-Match": '"{}"'.format(self.etag),
+        }
 
         try:
             response = self.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers))
@@ -2503,14 +2516,14 @@ def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
             if e.getcode() == 304:
                 # Not modified; that means fresh.
                 return FetchIndexResult(etag=None, hash=None, data=None, fresh=True)
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Could not fetch index {url}", e) from e
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Could not fetch index {url}", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Could not fetch index {}".format(url), e) from e
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+            raise FetchIndexError("Could not fetch index {}".format(url), e) from e
 
         try:
             result = codecs.getreader("utf-8")(response).read()
         except ValueError as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Remote index {url} is invalid", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Remote index {} is invalid".format(url), e) from e
 
         headers = response.headers
         etag_header_value = headers.get("Etag", None) or headers.get("etag", None)
@@ -2541,19 +2554,21 @@ def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
                     headers={"Accept": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json"},
                 )
             )
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Could not fetch manifest from {url_manifest}", e) from e
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+            raise FetchIndexError(
+                "Could not fetch manifest from {}".format(url_manifest), e
+            ) from e
 
         try:
             manifest = json.loads(response.read())
         except Exception as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Remote index {url_manifest} is invalid", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Remote index {} is invalid".format(url_manifest), e) from e
 
         # Get first blob hash, which should be the index.json
         try:
             index_digest = spack.oci.image.Digest.from_string(manifest["layers"][0]["digest"])
         except Exception as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Remote index {url_manifest} is invalid", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Remote index {} is invalid".format(url_manifest), e) from e
 
         # Fresh?
         if index_digest.digest == self.local_hash:

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/_common.py

@@ -213,15 +213,18 @@ def _root_spec(spec_str: str) -> str:
     Args:
         spec_str: spec to be bootstrapped. Must be without compiler and target.
     """
-    # Add a compiler requirement to the root spec.
+    # Add a compiler and platform requirement to the root spec.
     platform = str(spack.platforms.host())
+
     if platform == "darwin":
         spec_str += " %apple-clang"
+    elif platform == "windows":
+        spec_str += " %msvc"
     elif platform == "linux":
         spec_str += " %gcc"
     elif platform == "freebsd":
         spec_str += " %clang"
-
+    spec_str += f" platform={platform}"
     target = archspec.cpu.host().family
     spec_str += f" target={target}"
 

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/core.py

@@ -597,10 +597,7 @@ def bootstrapping_sources(scope: Optional[str] = None):
         current = copy.copy(entry)
         metadata_dir = spack.util.path.canonicalize_path(entry["metadata"])
         metadata_yaml = os.path.join(metadata_dir, METADATA_YAML_FILENAME)
-        try:
-            with open(metadata_yaml, encoding="utf-8") as stream:
-                current.update(spack.util.spack_yaml.load(stream))
-            list_of_sources.append(current)
-        except OSError:
-            pass
+        with open(metadata_yaml, encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+            current.update(spack.util.spack_yaml.load(stream))
+        list_of_sources.append(current)
     return list_of_sources

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from enum import Flag, auto
 from itertools import chain
-from multiprocessing.connection import Connection
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from typing import Dict, List, Set, Tuple
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.string import plural
@@ -52,6 +51,7 @@
 from llnl.util.lang import dedupe, stable_partition
 from llnl.util.symlink import symlink
 from llnl.util.tty.color import cescape, colorize
+from llnl.util.tty.log import MultiProcessFd
 
 import spack.build_systems.cmake
 import spack.build_systems.meson
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@
 import spack.store
 import spack.subprocess_context
 import spack.user_environment
-import spack.util.executable
 import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.pattern
 from spack import traverse
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@
 )
 from spack.util.executable import Executable
 from spack.util.log_parse import make_log_context, parse_log_events
-from spack.util.module_cmd import load_module, module, path_from_modules
+from spack.util.module_cmd import load_module, path_from_modules
 
 #
 # This can be set by the user to globally disable parallel builds.
@@ -191,14 +190,6 @@ def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
-def _on_cray():
-    host_platform = spack.platforms.host()
-    host_os = host_platform.operating_system("default_os")
-    on_cray = str(host_platform) == "cray"
-    using_cnl = re.match(r"cnl\d+", str(host_os))
-    return on_cray, using_cnl
-
-
 def clean_environment():
     # Stuff in here sanitizes the build environment to eliminate
     # anything the user has set that may interfere. We apply it immediately
@@ -242,17 +233,6 @@ def clean_environment():
         if varname.endswith("_ROOT") and varname != "SPACK_ROOT":
             env.unset(varname)
 
-    # On Cray "cluster" systems, unset CRAY_LD_LIBRARY_PATH to avoid
-    # interference with Spack dependencies.
-    # CNL requires these variables to be set (or at least some of them,
-    # depending on the CNL version).
-    on_cray, using_cnl = _on_cray()
-    if on_cray and not using_cnl:
-        env.unset("CRAY_LD_LIBRARY_PATH")
-        for varname in os.environ.keys():
-            if "PKGCONF" in varname:
-                env.unset(varname)
-
     # Unset the following variables because they can affect installation of
     # Autotools and CMake packages.
     build_system_vars = [
@@ -382,11 +362,7 @@ def set_compiler_environment_variables(pkg, env):
     _add_werror_handling(keep_werror, env)
 
     # Set the target parameters that the compiler will add
-    # Don't set on cray platform because the targeting module handles this
-    if spec.satisfies("platform=cray"):
-        isa_arg = ""
-    else:
-        isa_arg = spec.architecture.target.optimization_flags(compiler)
+    isa_arg = spec.architecture.target.optimization_flags(compiler)
     env.set("SPACK_TARGET_ARGS", isa_arg)
 
     # Trap spack-tracked compiler flags as appropriate.
@@ -480,12 +456,12 @@ def set_wrapper_variables(pkg, env):
     env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_ID, pkg.spec.format("{name}-{hash:7}"))
     env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_DIR, spack.main.spack_working_dir)
 
+    # Find ccache binary and hand it to build environment
     if spack.config.get("config:ccache"):
-        # Enable ccache in the compiler wrapper
-        env.set(SPACK_CCACHE_BINARY, spack.util.executable.which_string("ccache", required=True))
-    else:
-        # Avoid cache pollution if a build system forces `ccache <compiler wrapper invocation>`.
-        env.set("CCACHE_DISABLE", "1")
+        ccache = Executable("ccache")
+        if not ccache:
+            raise RuntimeError("No ccache binary found in PATH")
+        env.set(SPACK_CCACHE_BINARY, ccache)
 
     # Gather information about various types of dependencies
     link_deps = set(pkg.spec.traverse(root=False, deptype=("link")))
@@ -834,14 +810,6 @@ def setup_package(pkg, dirty, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
         for mod in pkg.compiler.modules:
             load_module(mod)
 
-    # kludge to handle cray mpich and libsci being automatically loaded by
-    # PrgEnv modules on cray platform. Module unload does no damage when
-    # unnecessary
-    on_cray, _ = _on_cray()
-    if on_cray and not dirty:
-        for mod in ["cray-mpich", "cray-libsci"]:
-            module("unload", mod)
-
     if target and target.module_name:
         load_module(target.module_name)
 
@@ -860,7 +828,7 @@ def setup_package(pkg, dirty, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
     return env_base
 
 
-class EnvironmentVisitor:
+class EnvironmentVisitor(traverse.AbstractVisitor):
     def __init__(self, *roots: spack.spec.Spec, context: Context):
         # For the roots (well, marked specs) we follow different edges
         # than for their deps, depending on the context.
@@ -878,7 +846,7 @@ def __init__(self, *roots: spack.spec.Spec, context: Context):
             self.root_depflag = dt.RUN | dt.LINK
 
     def neighbors(self, item):
-        spec = item.edge.spec
+        spec = item[0].spec
         if spec.dag_hash() in self.root_hashes:
             depflag = self.root_depflag
         else:
@@ -1145,60 +1113,18 @@ def get_cmake_prefix_path(pkg):
 
 
 def _setup_pkg_and_run(
-    serialized_pkg: "spack.subprocess_context.PackageInstallContext",
-    function: Callable,
-    kwargs: Dict,
-    write_pipe: Connection,
-    input_pipe: Optional[Connection],
-    jsfd1: Optional[Connection],
-    jsfd2: Optional[Connection],
+    serialized_pkg, function, kwargs, write_pipe, input_multiprocess_fd, jsfd1, jsfd2
 ):
-    """Main entry point in the child process for Spack builds.
-
-    ``_setup_pkg_and_run`` is called by the child process created in
-    ``start_build_process()``, and its main job is to run ``function()`` on behalf of
-    some Spack installation (see :ref:`spack.installer.PackageInstaller._install_task`).
-
-    The child process is passed a ``write_pipe``, on which it's expected to send one of
-    the following:
-
-    * ``StopPhase``: error raised by a build process indicating it's stopping at a
-      particular build phase.
-
-    * ``BaseException``: any exception raised by a child build process, which will be
-      wrapped in ``ChildError`` (which adds a bunch of debug info and log context) and
-      raised in the parent.
-
-    * The return value of ``function()``, which can be anything (except an exception).
-      This is returned to the caller.
-
-    Note: ``jsfd1`` and ``jsfd2`` are passed solely to ensure that the child process
-    does not close these file descriptors. Some ``multiprocessing`` backends will close
-    them automatically in the child if they are not passed at process creation time.
-
-    Arguments:
-        serialized_pkg: Spack package install context object (serialized form of the
-            package that we'll build in the child process).
-        function: function to call in the child process; serialized_pkg is passed to
-            this as the first argument.
-        kwargs: additional keyword arguments to pass to ``function()``.
-        write_pipe: multiprocessing ``Connection`` to the parent process, to which the
-            child *must* send a result (or an error) back to parent on.
-        input_multiprocess_fd: stdin from the parent (not passed currently on Windows)
-        jsfd1: gmake Jobserver file descriptor 1.
-        jsfd2: gmake Jobserver file descriptor 2.
-
-    """
-
     context: str = kwargs.get("context", "build")
 
     try:
-        # We are in the child process. Python sets sys.stdin to open(os.devnull) to prevent our
-        # process and its parent from simultaneously reading from the original stdin. But, we
-        # assume that the parent process is not going to read from it till we are done with the
-        # child, so we undo Python's precaution. closefd=False since Connection has ownership.
-        if input_pipe is not None:
-            sys.stdin = os.fdopen(input_pipe.fileno(), closefd=False)
+        # We are in the child process. Python sets sys.stdin to
+        # open(os.devnull) to prevent our process and its parent from
+        # simultaneously reading from the original stdin. But, we assume
+        # that the parent process is not going to read from it till we
+        # are done with the child, so we undo Python's precaution.
+        if input_multiprocess_fd is not None:
+            sys.stdin = os.fdopen(input_multiprocess_fd.fd)
 
         pkg = serialized_pkg.restore()
 
@@ -1214,14 +1140,13 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
         # Do not create a full ChildError from this, it's not an error
         # it's a control statement.
         write_pipe.send(e)
-    except BaseException as e:
+    except BaseException:
         # catch ANYTHING that goes wrong in the child process
+        exc_type, exc, tb = sys.exc_info()
 
         # Need to unwind the traceback in the child because traceback
         # objects can't be sent to the parent.
-        exc_type = type(e)
-        tb = e.__traceback__
-        tb_string = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, e, tb))
+        tb_string = traceback.format_exc()
 
         # build up some context from the offending package so we can
         # show that, too.
@@ -1238,8 +1163,8 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
         elif context == "test":
             logfile = os.path.join(pkg.test_suite.stage, pkg.test_suite.test_log_name(pkg.spec))
 
-        error_msg = str(e)
-        if isinstance(e, (spack.multimethod.NoSuchMethodError, AttributeError)):
+        error_msg = str(exc)
+        if isinstance(exc, (spack.multimethod.NoSuchMethodError, AttributeError)):
             process = "test the installation" if context == "test" else "build from sources"
             error_msg = (
                 "The '{}' package cannot find an attribute while trying to {}. "
@@ -1249,7 +1174,7 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
                 "More information at https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#installation-procedure"
             ).format(pkg.name, process, context)
             error_msg = colorize("@*R{{{}}}".format(error_msg))
-            error_msg = "{}\n\n{}".format(str(e), error_msg)
+            error_msg = "{}\n\n{}".format(str(exc), error_msg)
 
         # make a pickleable exception to send to parent.
         msg = "%s: %s" % (exc_type.__name__, error_msg)
@@ -1267,8 +1192,8 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
 
     finally:
         write_pipe.close()
-        if input_pipe is not None:
-            input_pipe.close()
+        if input_multiprocess_fd is not None:
+            input_multiprocess_fd.close()
 
 
 def start_build_process(pkg, function, kwargs):
@@ -1295,9 +1220,23 @@ def child_fun():
     If something goes wrong, the child process catches the error and
     passes it to the parent wrapped in a ChildError.  The parent is
     expected to handle (or re-raise) the ChildError.
+
+    This uses `multiprocessing.Process` to create the child process. The
+    mechanism used to create the process differs on different operating
+    systems and for different versions of Python. In some cases "fork"
+    is used (i.e. the "fork" system call) and some cases it starts an
+    entirely new Python interpreter process (in the docs this is referred
+    to as the "spawn" start method). Breaking it down by OS:
+
+    - Linux always uses fork.
+    - Mac OS uses fork before Python 3.8 and "spawn" for 3.8 and after.
+    - Windows always uses the "spawn" start method.
+
+    For more information on `multiprocessing` child process creation
+    mechanisms, see https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html#contexts-and-start-methods
     """
     read_pipe, write_pipe = multiprocessing.Pipe(duplex=False)
-    input_fd = None
+    input_multiprocess_fd = None
     jobserver_fd1 = None
     jobserver_fd2 = None
 
@@ -1306,13 +1245,14 @@ def child_fun():
     try:
         # Forward sys.stdin when appropriate, to allow toggling verbosity
         if sys.platform != "win32" and sys.stdin.isatty() and hasattr(sys.stdin, "fileno"):
-            input_fd = Connection(os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno()))
+            input_fd = os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno())
+            input_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd(input_fd)
         mflags = os.environ.get("MAKEFLAGS", False)
         if mflags:
             m = re.search(r"--jobserver-[^=]*=(\d),(\d)", mflags)
             if m:
-                jobserver_fd1 = Connection(int(m.group(1)))
-                jobserver_fd2 = Connection(int(m.group(2)))
+                jobserver_fd1 = MultiProcessFd(int(m.group(1)))
+                jobserver_fd2 = MultiProcessFd(int(m.group(2)))
 
         p = multiprocessing.Process(
             target=_setup_pkg_and_run,
@@ -1321,7 +1261,7 @@ def child_fun():
                 function,
                 kwargs,
                 write_pipe,
-                input_fd,
+                input_multiprocess_fd,
                 jobserver_fd1,
                 jobserver_fd2,
             ),
@@ -1341,8 +1281,8 @@ def child_fun():
 
     finally:
         # Close the input stream in the parent process
-        if input_fd is not None:
-            input_fd.close()
+        if input_multiprocess_fd is not None:
+            input_multiprocess_fd.close()
 
     def exitcode_msg(p):
         typ = "exit" if p.exitcode >= 0 else "signal"

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cuda.py

@@ -110,9 +110,8 @@ def cuda_flags(arch_list):
     # From the NVIDIA install guide we know of conflicts for particular
     # platforms (linux, darwin), architectures (x86, powerpc) and compilers
     # (gcc, clang). We don't restrict %gcc and %clang conflicts to
-    # platform=linux, since they should also apply to platform=cray, and may
-    # apply to platform=darwin. We currently do not provide conflicts for
-    # platform=darwin with %apple-clang.
+    # platform=linux, since they may apply to platform=darwin. We currently
+    # do not provide conflicts for platform=darwin with %apple-clang.
 
     # Linux x86_64 compiler conflicts from here:
     # https://gist.github.com/ax3l/9489132
@@ -137,11 +136,14 @@ def cuda_flags(arch_list):
         conflicts("%gcc@11.2:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:11.5")
         conflicts("%gcc@12:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:11.8")
         conflicts("%gcc@13:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:12.3")
+        conflicts("%gcc@14:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:12.4")
         conflicts("%clang@12:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:11.4.0")
         conflicts("%clang@13:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:11.5")
         conflicts("%clang@14:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:11.7")
         conflicts("%clang@15:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:12.0")
-        conflicts("%clang@16:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:12.3")
+        conflicts("%clang@16:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:12.1")
+        conflicts("%clang@17:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:12.3")
+        conflicts("%clang@18:", when="+cuda ^cuda@:12.4")
 
         # https://gist.github.com/ax3l/9489132#gistcomment-3860114
         conflicts("%gcc@10", when="+cuda ^cuda@:11.4.0")

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/intel.py

@@ -846,6 +846,7 @@ def scalapack_libs(self):
             "^mpich@2:" in spec_root
             or "^cray-mpich" in spec_root
             or "^mvapich2" in spec_root
+            or "^mvapich" in spec_root
             or "^intel-mpi" in spec_root
             or "^intel-oneapi-mpi" in spec_root
             or "^intel-parallel-studio" in spec_root
@@ -936,32 +937,15 @@ def mpi_setup_dependent_build_environment(self, env, dependent_spec, compilers_o
             "I_MPI_ROOT": self.normalize_path("mpi"),
         }
 
-        # CAUTION - SIMILAR code in:
-        #   var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/mpich/package.py
-        #   var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/openmpi/package.py
-        #   var/spack/repos/builtin/packages/mvapich2/package.py
-        #
-        # On Cray, the regular compiler wrappers *are* the MPI wrappers.
-        if "platform=cray" in self.spec:
-            # TODO: Confirm
-            wrapper_vars.update(
-                {
-                    "MPICC": compilers_of_client["CC"],
-                    "MPICXX": compilers_of_client["CXX"],
-                    "MPIF77": compilers_of_client["F77"],
-                    "MPIF90": compilers_of_client["F90"],
-                }
-            )
-        else:
-            compiler_wrapper_commands = self.mpi_compiler_wrappers
-            wrapper_vars.update(
-                {
-                    "MPICC": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPICC"],
-                    "MPICXX": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPICXX"],
-                    "MPIF77": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPIF77"],
-                    "MPIF90": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPIF90"],
-                }
-            )
+        compiler_wrapper_commands = self.mpi_compiler_wrappers
+        wrapper_vars.update(
+            {
+                "MPICC": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPICC"],
+                "MPICXX": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPICXX"],
+                "MPIF77": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPIF77"],
+                "MPIF90": compiler_wrapper_commands["MPIF90"],
+            }
+        )
 
         # Ensure that the directory containing the compiler wrappers is in the
         # PATH. Spack packages add `prefix.bin` to their dependents' paths,

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/msbuild.py

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ class MSBuildPackage(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
     build_system("msbuild")
     conflicts("platform=linux", when="build_system=msbuild")
     conflicts("platform=darwin", when="build_system=msbuild")
-    conflicts("platform=cray", when="build_system=msbuild")
 
 
 @spack.builder.builder("msbuild")

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/nmake.py

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ class NMakePackage(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
     build_system("nmake")
     conflicts("platform=linux", when="build_system=nmake")
     conflicts("platform=darwin", when="build_system=nmake")
-    conflicts("platform=cray", when="build_system=nmake")
 
 
 @spack.builder.builder("nmake")

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/oneapi.py

@@ -36,9 +36,8 @@ class IntelOneApiPackage(Package):
         "target=ppc64:",
         "target=ppc64le:",
         "target=aarch64:",
-        "platform=darwin:",
-        "platform=cray:",
-        "platform=windows:",
+        "platform=darwin",
+        "platform=windows",
     ]:
         conflicts(c, msg="This package in only available for x86_64 and Linux")
 

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from urllib.request import HTTPHandler, Request, build_opener
 
-import ruamel.yaml
-
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.lang import memoized
@@ -1113,7 +1111,7 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
     if cdash_handler and cdash_handler.auth_token:
         try:
             cdash_handler.populate_buildgroup(all_job_names)
-        except (SpackError, HTTPError, URLError, TimeoutError) as err:
+        except (SpackError, HTTPError, URLError) as err:
             tty.warn(f"Problem populating buildgroup: {err}")
     else:
         tty.warn("Unable to populate buildgroup without CDash credentials")
@@ -1312,11 +1310,8 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
         if not rebuild_everything:
             sys.exit(1)
 
-    # Minimize yaml output size through use of anchors
-    syaml.anchorify(sorted_output)
-
-    with open(output_file, "w") as f:
-        ruamel.yaml.YAML().dump(sorted_output, f)
+    with open(output_file, "w") as outf:
+        outf.write(syaml.dump(sorted_output, default_flow_style=True))
 
 
 def _url_encode_string(input_string):
@@ -2100,7 +2095,7 @@ def read_broken_spec(broken_spec_url):
     """
     try:
         _, _, fs = web_util.read_from_url(broken_spec_url)
-    except web_util.SpackWebError:
+    except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError, HTTPError):
         tty.warn(f"Unable to read broken spec from {broken_spec_url}")
         return None
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ def _push_oci(
 
     def extra_config(spec: Spec):
         spec_dict = spec.to_dict(hash=ht.dag_hash)
-        spec_dict["buildcache_layout_version"] = bindist.CURRENT_BUILD_CACHE_LAYOUT_VERSION
+        spec_dict["buildcache_layout_version"] = 1
         spec_dict["binary_cache_checksum"] = {
             "hash_algorithm": "sha256",
             "hash": checksums[spec.dag_hash()].compressed_digest.digest,

lib/spack/spack/cmd/clean.py

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ def clean(parser, args):
 
     # Then do the cleaning falling through the cases
     if args.specs:
-        specs = spack.cmd.parse_specs(args.specs, concretize=True)
+        specs = spack.cmd.parse_specs(args.specs, concretize=False)
+        specs = list(spack.cmd.matching_spec_from_env(x) for x in specs)
         for spec in specs:
             msg = "Cleaning build stage [{0}]"
             tty.msg(msg.format(spec.short_spec))

lib/spack/spack/cmd/commands.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from argparse import ArgumentParser, Namespace
 from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Union
 
+import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.argparsewriter import ArgparseRstWriter, ArgparseWriter, Command
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
@@ -866,6 +867,9 @@ def _commands(parser: ArgumentParser, args: Namespace) -> None:
             prepend_header(args, f)
             formatter(args, f)
 
+        if args.update_completion:
+            fs.set_executable(args.update)
+
     else:
         prepend_header(args, sys.stdout)
         formatter(args, sys.stdout)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -661,32 +661,34 @@ def mirror_name_or_url(m):
     # accidentally to a dir in the current working directory.
 
     # If there's a \ or / in the name, it's interpreted as a path or url.
-    if "/" in m or "\\" in m or m in (".", ".."):
+    if "/" in m or "\\" in m:
         return spack.mirror.Mirror(m)
 
     # Otherwise, the named mirror is required to exist.
     try:
         return spack.mirror.require_mirror_name(m)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(f"{e}. Did you mean {os.path.join('.', m)}?") from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            str(e) + ". Did you mean {}?".format(os.path.join(".", m))
+        )
 
 
 def mirror_url(url):
     try:
         return spack.mirror.Mirror.from_url(url)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e)) from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e))
 
 
 def mirror_directory(path):
     try:
         return spack.mirror.Mirror.from_local_path(path)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e)) from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e))
 
 
 def mirror_name(name):
     try:
         return spack.mirror.require_mirror_name(name)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e)) from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e))

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/env_utility.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     )
 
 
-class AreDepsInstalledVisitor:
+class AreDepsInstalledVisitor(traverse.AbstractVisitor):
     def __init__(self, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
         if context == Context.BUILD:
             # TODO: run deps shouldn't be required for build env.
@@ -53,27 +53,27 @@ def __init__(self, context: Context = Context.BUILD):
 
         self.has_uninstalled_deps = False
 
-    def accept(self, item):
+    def accept(self, item: traverse.EdgeAndDepth) -> bool:
         # The root may be installed or uninstalled.
-        if item.depth == 0:
+        if item[1] == 0:
             return True
 
         # Early exit after we've seen an uninstalled dep.
         if self.has_uninstalled_deps:
             return False
 
-        spec = item.edge.spec
+        spec = item[0].spec
         if not spec.external and not spec.installed:
             self.has_uninstalled_deps = True
             return False
 
         return True
 
-    def neighbors(self, item):
+    def neighbors(self, item: traverse.EdgeAndDepth):
         # Direct deps: follow build & test edges.
         # Transitive deps: follow link / run.
-        depflag = self.direct_deps if item.depth == 0 else dt.LINK | dt.RUN
-        return item.edge.spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=depflag)
+        depflag = self.direct_deps if item[1] == 0 else dt.LINK | dt.RUN
+        return item[0].spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=depflag)
 
 
 def emulate_env_utility(cmd_name, context: Context, args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -468,30 +468,32 @@ def env_remove(args):
     This removes an environment managed by Spack. Directory environments
     and manifests embedded in repositories should be removed manually.
     """
-    remove_envs = []
+    read_envs = []
     valid_envs = []
     bad_envs = []
+    invalid_envs = []
 
     for env_name in ev.all_environment_names():
         try:
             env = ev.read(env_name)
-            valid_envs.append(env)
+            valid_envs.append(env_name)
 
             if env_name in args.rm_env:
-                remove_envs.append(env)
+                read_envs.append(env)
         except (spack.config.ConfigFormatError, ev.SpackEnvironmentConfigError):
+            invalid_envs.append(env_name)
+
             if env_name in args.rm_env:
                 bad_envs.append(env_name)
 
-    # Check if remove_env is included from another env before trying to remove
-    for env in valid_envs:
-        for remove_env in remove_envs:
+        # Check if env is linked to another before trying to remove
+        for name in valid_envs:
             # don't check if environment is included to itself
-            if env.name == remove_env.name:
+            if name == env_name:
                 continue
-
-            if remove_env.path in env.included_concrete_envs:
-                msg = f'Environment "{remove_env.name}" is being used by environment "{env.name}"'
+            environ = ev.Environment(ev.root(name))
+            if ev.root(env_name) in environ.included_concrete_envs:
+                msg = f'Environment "{env_name}" is being used by environment "{name}"'
                 if args.force:
                     tty.warn(msg)
                 else:
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ def env_remove(args):
         if not answer:
             tty.die("Will not remove any environments")
 
-    for env in remove_envs:
+    for env in read_envs:
         name = env.name
         if env.active:
             tty.die(f"Environment {name} can't be removed while activated.")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/find.py

@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ def query_arguments(args):
     if (args.missing or args.only_missing) and not args.only_deprecated:
         installed.append(InstallStatuses.MISSING)
 
-    predicate_fn = None
+    known = any
     if args.unknown:
-        predicate_fn = lambda x: not spack.repo.PATH.exists(x.spec.name)
+        known = False
 
     explicit = any
     if args.explicit:
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ def query_arguments(args):
     if args.implicit:
         explicit = False
 
-    q_args = {"installed": installed, "predicate_fn": predicate_fn, "explicit": explicit}
+    q_args = {"installed": installed, "known": known, "explicit": explicit}
 
     install_tree = args.install_tree
     upstreams = spack.config.get("upstreams", {})

lib/spack/spack/cmd/help.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
       @B{++}, @r{--}, @r{~~}, @B{==}                propagate variants to package dependencies
 
     architecture variants:
-      @m{platform=platform}             linux, darwin, cray, etc.
+      @m{platform=platform}             linux, darwin, freebsd, windows
       @m{os=operating_system}           specific <operating_system>
       @m{target=target}                 specific <target> processor
       @m{arch=platform-os-target}       shortcut for all three above

lib/spack/spack/cmd/license.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
+import datetime
 import os
 import re
 from collections import defaultdict
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def list_files(args):
 OLD_LICENSE, SPDX_MISMATCH, GENERAL_MISMATCH = range(1, 4)
 
 #: Latest year that copyright applies. UPDATE THIS when bumping copyright.
-latest_year = 2024  # year of 0.22 release
+latest_year = datetime.date.today().year
 strict_date = r"Copyright 2013-%s" % latest_year
 
 #: regexes for valid license lines at tops of files

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mark.py

@@ -101,9 +101,8 @@ def do_mark(specs, explicit):
         specs (list): list of specs to be marked
         explicit (bool): whether to mark specs as explicitly installed
     """
-    with spack.store.STORE.db.write_transaction():
-        for spec in specs:
-            spack.store.STORE.db.mark(spec, "explicit", explicit)
+    for spec in specs:
+        spack.store.STORE.db.update_explicit(spec, explicit)
 
 
 def mark_specs(args, specs):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/__init__.py

@@ -377,10 +377,7 @@ def refresh(module_type, specs, args):
 def modules_cmd(parser, args, module_type, callbacks=callbacks):
     # Qualifiers to be used when querying the db for specs
     constraint_qualifiers = {
-        "refresh": {
-            "installed": True,
-            "predicate_fn": lambda x: spack.repo.PATH.exists(x.spec.name),
-        }
+        "refresh": {"installed": True, "known": lambda x: not spack.repo.PATH.exists(x)}
     }
     query_args = constraint_qualifiers.get(args.subparser_name, {})
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/uninstall.py

@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ def is_installed(spec):
         key=lambda s: s.dag_hash(),
     )
 
-    return [spec for spec in specs if is_installed(spec)]
+    with spack.store.STORE.db.read_transaction():
+        return [spec for spec in specs if is_installed(spec)]
 
 
 def dependent_environments(
@@ -239,6 +240,8 @@ def get_uninstall_list(args, specs: List[spack.spec.Spec], env: Optional[ev.Envi
             print()
             tty.info("The following environments still reference these specs:")
             colify([e.name for e in other_dependent_envs.keys()], indent=4)
+            if env:
+                msgs.append("use `spack remove` to remove the spec from the current environment")
             msgs.append("use `spack env remove` to remove environments")
         msgs.append("use `spack uninstall --force` to override")
         print()

lib/spack/spack/cmd/view.py

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.filesystem_view as fsv
 import spack.schema.projections
 import spack.store
 from spack.config import validate
+from spack.filesystem_view import YamlFilesystemView, view_func_parser
 from spack.util import spack_yaml as s_yaml
 
 description = "project packages to a compact naming scheme on the filesystem"
@@ -193,13 +193,17 @@ def view(parser, args):
         ordered_projections = {}
 
     # What method are we using for this view
-    link_type = args.action if args.action in actions_link else "symlink"
-    view = fsv.YamlFilesystemView(
+    if args.action in actions_link:
+        link_fn = view_func_parser(args.action)
+    else:
+        link_fn = view_func_parser("symlink")
+
+    view = YamlFilesystemView(
         path,
         spack.store.STORE.layout,
         projections=ordered_projections,
         ignore_conflicts=getattr(args, "ignore_conflicts", False),
-        link_type=link_type,
+        link=link_fn,
         verbose=args.verbose,
     )
 

lib/spack/spack/compiler.py

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ def __init__(
         operating_system,
         target,
         paths,
-        modules: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        modules=None,
         alias=None,
         environment=None,
         extra_rpaths=None,
@@ -695,10 +695,6 @@ def compiler_environment(self):
         try:
             # load modules and set env variables
             for module in self.modules:
-                # On cray, mic-knl module cannot be loaded without cce module
-                # See: https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/3153
-                if os.environ.get("CRAY_CPU_TARGET") == "mic-knl":
-                    spack.util.module_cmd.load_module("cce")
                 spack.util.module_cmd.load_module(module)
 
             # apply other compiler environment changes

lib/spack/spack/compilers/clang.py

@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ def verbose_flag(self):
 
     openmp_flag = "-fopenmp"
 
+    # C++ flags based on CMake Modules/Compiler/Clang.cmake
+
     @property
     def cxx11_flag(self):
         if self.real_version < Version("3.3"):
@@ -120,6 +122,24 @@ def cxx17_flag(self):
 
         return "-std=c++17"
 
+    @property
+    def cxx20_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < Version("5.0"):
+            raise UnsupportedCompilerFlag(self, "the C++20 standard", "cxx20_flag", "< 5.0")
+        elif self.real_version < Version("11.0"):
+            return "-std=c++2a"
+        else:
+            return "-std=c++20"
+
+    @property
+    def cxx23_flag(self):
+        if self.real_version < Version("12.0"):
+            raise UnsupportedCompilerFlag(self, "the C++23 standard", "cxx23_flag", "< 12.0")
+        elif self.real_version < Version("17.0"):
+            return "-std=c++2b"
+        else:
+            return "-std=c++23"
+
     @property
     def c99_flag(self):
         return "-std=c99"
@@ -142,7 +162,10 @@ def c17_flag(self):
     def c23_flag(self):
         if self.real_version < Version("9.0"):
             raise UnsupportedCompilerFlag(self, "the C23 standard", "c23_flag", "< 9.0")
-        return "-std=c2x"
+        elif self.real_version < Version("18.0"):
+            return "-std=c2x"
+        else:
+            return "-std=c23"
 
     @property
     def cc_pic_flag(self):

lib/spack/spack/database.py

@@ -283,9 +283,12 @@ def __reduce__(self):
                 database.  If it is a spec, we'll evaluate
                 ``spec.satisfies(query_spec)``
 
-            predicate_fn: optional predicate taking an InstallRecord as argument, and returning
-                whether that record is selected for the query. It can be used to craft criteria
-                that need some data for selection not provided by the Database itself.
+            known (bool or None): Specs that are "known" are those
+                for which Spack can locate a ``package.py`` file -- i.e.,
+                Spack "knows" how to install them.  Specs that are unknown may
+                represent packages that existed in a previous version of
+                Spack, but have since either changed their name or
+                been removed
 
             installed (bool or InstallStatus or typing.Iterable or None):
                 if ``True``, includes only installed
@@ -585,9 +588,6 @@ def _path(self, spec: "spack.spec.Spec") -> pathlib.Path:
         return self.dir / f"{spec.name}-{spec.dag_hash()}"
 
 
-SelectType = Callable[[InstallRecord], bool]
-
-
 class Database:
     #: Fields written for each install record
     record_fields: Tuple[str, ...] = DEFAULT_INSTALL_RECORD_FIELDS
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ def _deprecate(self, spec, deprecator):
         self._data[spec_key] = spec_rec
 
     @_autospec
-    def mark(self, spec: "spack.spec.Spec", key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    def mark(self, spec, key, value):
         """Mark an arbitrary record on a spec."""
         with self.write_transaction():
             return self._mark(spec, key, value)
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ def get_by_hash(self, dag_hash, default=None, installed=any):
     def _query(
         self,
         query_spec=any,
-        predicate_fn: Optional[SelectType] = None,
+        known=any,
         installed=True,
         explicit=any,
         start_date=None,
@@ -1524,7 +1524,7 @@ def _query(
         hashes=None,
         in_buildcache=any,
         origin=None,
-    ) -> List["spack.spec.Spec"]:
+    ):
         """Run a query on the database."""
 
         # TODO: Specs are a lot like queries.  Should there be a
@@ -1570,7 +1570,7 @@ def _query(
             if explicit is not any and rec.explicit != explicit:
                 continue
 
-            if predicate_fn is not None and not predicate_fn(rec):
+            if known is not any and known(rec.spec.name):
                 continue
 
             if start_date or end_date:
@@ -1655,14 +1655,14 @@ def query(self, *args, **kwargs):
         query.__doc__ = ""
     query.__doc__ += _QUERY_DOCSTRING
 
-    def query_one(self, query_spec, predicate_fn=None, installed=True):
+    def query_one(self, query_spec, known=any, installed=True):
         """Query for exactly one spec that matches the query spec.
 
         Raises an assertion error if more than one spec matches the
         query. Returns None if no installed package matches.
 
         """
-        concrete_specs = self.query(query_spec, predicate_fn=predicate_fn, installed=installed)
+        concrete_specs = self.query(query_spec, known=known, installed=installed)
         assert len(concrete_specs) <= 1
         return concrete_specs[0] if concrete_specs else None
 
@@ -1709,6 +1709,24 @@ def root(key, record):
                 if id(rec.spec) not in needed and rec.installed
             ]
 
+    def update_explicit(self, spec, explicit):
+        """
+        Update the spec's explicit state in the database.
+
+        Args:
+            spec (spack.spec.Spec): the spec whose install record is being updated
+            explicit (bool): ``True`` if the package was requested explicitly
+                by the user, ``False`` if it was pulled in as a dependency of
+                an explicit package.
+        """
+        rec = self.get_record(spec)
+        if explicit != rec.explicit:
+            with self.write_transaction():
+                message = "{s.name}@{s.version} : marking the package {0}"
+                status = "explicit" if explicit else "implicit"
+                tty.debug(message.format(status, s=spec))
+                rec.explicit = explicit
+
 
 class UpstreamDatabaseLockingError(SpackError):
     """Raised when an operation would need to lock an upstream database"""

lib/spack/spack/directives.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class OpenMpi(Package):
 PatchesType = Optional[Union[Patcher, str, List[Union[Patcher, str]]]]
 
 
-SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = ("fortran", "cxx", "c")
+SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = ("fortran", "cxx")
 
 
 def _make_when_spec(value: WhenType) -> Optional["spack.spec.Spec"]:

lib/spack/spack/environment/depfile.py

@@ -9,13 +9,11 @@
 
 import os
 import re
-import shlex
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import List, Optional
 
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.environment.environment as ev
-import spack.paths
 import spack.spec
 import spack.traverse as traverse
 
@@ -61,7 +59,7 @@ def __init__(
             self.buildcache_flag = ""
 
 
-class DepfileSpecVisitor:
+class DepfileSpecVisitor(traverse.AbstractVisitor):
     """This visitor produces an adjacency list of a (reduced) DAG, which
     is used to generate depfile targets with their prerequisites. Currently
     it only drops build deps when using buildcache only mode.
@@ -77,17 +75,17 @@ def __init__(self, pkg_buildcache: UseBuildCache, deps_buildcache: UseBuildCache
         self.depflag_root = _deptypes(pkg_buildcache)
         self.depflag_deps = _deptypes(deps_buildcache)
 
-    def neighbors(self, node):
+    def neighbors(self, node: traverse.EdgeAndDepth) -> List[spack.spec.DependencySpec]:
         """Produce a list of spec to follow from node"""
-        depflag = self.depflag_root if node.depth == 0 else self.depflag_deps
-        return traverse.sort_edges(node.edge.spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=depflag))
+        depflag = self.depflag_root if node[1] == 0 else self.depflag_deps
+        return traverse.sort_edges(node[0].spec.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=depflag))
 
-    def accept(self, node):
+    def accept(self, node: traverse.EdgeAndDepth) -> bool:
         self.adjacency_list.append(
             DepfileNode(
-                target=node.edge.spec,
+                target=node[0].spec,
                 prereqs=[edge.spec for edge in self.neighbors(node)],
-                buildcache=self.pkg_buildcache if node.depth == 0 else self.deps_buildcache,
+                buildcache=self.pkg_buildcache if node[1] == 0 else self.deps_buildcache,
             )
         )
 
@@ -228,7 +226,6 @@ def to_dict(self):
             "install_deps_target": self._target("install-deps"),
             "any_hash_target": self._target("%"),
             "jobserver_support": self.jobserver_support,
-            "spack_script": shlex.quote(spack.paths.spack_script),
             "adjacency_list": self.make_adjacency_list,
             "phony_convenience_targets": " ".join(self.phony_convenience_targets),
             "pkg_ids_variable": self.pkg_identifier_variable,

lib/spack/spack/environment/environment.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.fetch_strategy
-import spack.filesystem_view as fsv
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.hooks
 import spack.main
@@ -53,6 +52,7 @@
 import spack.util.url
 import spack.version
 from spack import traverse
+from spack.filesystem_view import SimpleFilesystemView, inverse_view_func_parser, view_func_parser
 from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 from spack.schema.env import TOP_LEVEL_KEY
 from spack.spec import Spec
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.projections = projections
         self.select = select
         self.exclude = exclude
-        self.link_type = fsv.canonicalize_link_type(link_type)
+        self.link_type = view_func_parser(link_type)
         self.link = link
 
     def select_fn(self, spec):
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ def to_dict(self):
         if self.exclude:
             ret["exclude"] = self.exclude
         if self.link_type:
-            ret["link_type"] = self.link_type
+            ret["link_type"] = inverse_view_func_parser(self.link_type)
         if self.link != default_view_link:
             ret["link"] = self.link
         return ret
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ def get_projection_for_spec(self, spec):
         to exist on the filesystem."""
         return self._view(self.root).get_projection_for_spec(spec)
 
-    def view(self, new: Optional[str] = None) -> fsv.SimpleFilesystemView:
+    def view(self, new: Optional[str] = None) -> SimpleFilesystemView:
         """
         Returns a view object for the *underlying* view directory. This means that the
         self.root symlink is followed, and that the view has to exist on the filesystem
@@ -710,14 +710,14 @@ def view(self, new: Optional[str] = None) -> fsv.SimpleFilesystemView:
             )
         return self._view(path)
 
-    def _view(self, root: str) -> fsv.SimpleFilesystemView:
+    def _view(self, root: str) -> SimpleFilesystemView:
         """Returns a view object for a given root dir."""
-        return fsv.SimpleFilesystemView(
+        return SimpleFilesystemView(
             root,
             spack.store.STORE.layout,
             ignore_conflicts=True,
             projections=self.projections,
-            link_type=self.link_type,
+            link=self.link_type,
         )
 
     def __contains__(self, spec):
@@ -1190,6 +1190,7 @@ def scope_name(self):
     def include_concrete_envs(self):
         """Copy and save the included envs' specs internally"""
 
+        lockfile_meta = None
         root_hash_seen = set()
         concrete_hash_seen = set()
         self.included_concrete_spec_data = {}
@@ -1200,26 +1201,37 @@ def include_concrete_envs(self):
                 raise SpackEnvironmentError(f"Unable to find env at {env_path}")
 
             env = Environment(env_path)
-            self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path] = {"roots": [], "concrete_specs": {}}
+
+            with open(env.lock_path) as f:
+                lockfile_as_dict = env._read_lockfile(f)
+
+            # Lockfile_meta must match each env and use at least format version 5
+            if lockfile_meta is None:
+                lockfile_meta = lockfile_as_dict["_meta"]
+            elif lockfile_meta != lockfile_as_dict["_meta"]:
+                raise SpackEnvironmentError("All lockfile _meta values must match")
+            elif lockfile_meta["lockfile-version"] < 5:
+                raise SpackEnvironmentError("The lockfile format must be at version 5 or higher")
 
             # Copy unique root specs from env
-            for root_dict in env._concrete_roots_dict():
+            self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path] = {"roots": []}
+            for root_dict in lockfile_as_dict["roots"]:
                 if root_dict["hash"] not in root_hash_seen:
                     self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path]["roots"].append(root_dict)
                     root_hash_seen.add(root_dict["hash"])
 
             # Copy unique concrete specs from env
-            for dag_hash, spec_details in env._concrete_specs_dict().items():
-                if dag_hash not in concrete_hash_seen:
-                    self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path]["concrete_specs"].update(
-                        {dag_hash: spec_details}
+            for concrete_spec in lockfile_as_dict["concrete_specs"]:
+                if concrete_spec not in concrete_hash_seen:
+                    self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path].update(
+                        {"concrete_specs": lockfile_as_dict["concrete_specs"]}
                     )
-                    concrete_hash_seen.add(dag_hash)
+                    concrete_hash_seen.add(concrete_spec)
 
-            # Copy transitive include data
-            transitive = env.included_concrete_spec_data
-            if transitive:
-                self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path]["include_concrete"] = transitive
+            if "include_concrete" in lockfile_as_dict.keys():
+                self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path]["include_concrete"] = lockfile_as_dict[
+                    "include_concrete"
+                ]
 
         self._read_lockfile_dict(self._to_lockfile_dict())
         self.write()
@@ -1936,16 +1948,17 @@ def install_specs(self, specs: Optional[List[Spec]] = None, **install_args):
         specs = specs if specs is not None else roots
 
         # Extend the set of specs to overwrite with modified dev specs and their parents
-        install_args["overwrite"] = {
-            *install_args.get("overwrite", ()),
-            *self._dev_specs_that_need_overwrite(),
-        }
+        overwrite: Set[str] = set()
+        overwrite.update(install_args.get("overwrite", []), self._dev_specs_that_need_overwrite())
+        install_args["overwrite"] = overwrite
 
-        # Only environment roots are marked explicit
-        install_args["explicit"] = {
-            *install_args.get("explicit", ()),
-            *(s.dag_hash() for s in roots),
-        }
+        explicit: Set[str] = set()
+        explicit.update(
+            install_args.get("explicit", []),
+            (s.dag_hash() for s in specs),
+            (s.dag_hash() for s in roots),
+        )
+        install_args["explicit"] = explicit
 
         PackageInstaller([spec.package for spec in specs], install_args).install()
 
@@ -2137,23 +2150,16 @@ def _get_environment_specs(self, recurse_dependencies=True):
 
         return specs
 
-    def _concrete_specs_dict(self):
+    def _to_lockfile_dict(self):
+        """Create a dictionary to store a lockfile for this environment."""
         concrete_specs = {}
         for s in traverse.traverse_nodes(self.specs_by_hash.values(), key=traverse.by_dag_hash):
             spec_dict = s.node_dict_with_hashes(hash=ht.dag_hash)
             # Assumes no legacy formats, since this was just created.
             spec_dict[ht.dag_hash.name] = s.dag_hash()
             concrete_specs[s.dag_hash()] = spec_dict
-        return concrete_specs
 
-    def _concrete_roots_dict(self):
         hash_spec_list = zip(self.concretized_order, self.concretized_user_specs)
-        return [{"hash": h, "spec": str(s)} for h, s in hash_spec_list]
-
-    def _to_lockfile_dict(self):
-        """Create a dictionary to store a lockfile for this environment."""
-        concrete_specs = self._concrete_specs_dict()
-        root_specs = self._concrete_roots_dict()
 
         spack_dict = {"version": spack.spack_version}
         spack_commit = spack.main.get_spack_commit()
@@ -2174,7 +2180,7 @@ def _to_lockfile_dict(self):
             # spack version information
             "spack": spack_dict,
             # users specs + hashes are the 'roots' of the environment
-            "roots": root_specs,
+            "roots": [{"hash": h, "spec": str(s)} for h, s in hash_spec_list],
             # Concrete specs by hash, including dependencies
             "concrete_specs": concrete_specs,
         }

lib/spack/spack/fetch_strategy.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import shutil
 import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
-import urllib.request
 from pathlib import PurePath
 from typing import List, Optional
 
@@ -274,7 +273,10 @@ def __init__(self, url=None, checksum=None, **kwargs):
     @property
     def curl(self):
         if not self._curl:
-            self._curl = web_util.require_curl()
+            try:
+                self._curl = which("curl", required=True)
+            except CommandNotFoundError as exc:
+                tty.error(str(exc))
         return self._curl
 
     def source_id(self):
@@ -295,23 +297,27 @@ def candidate_urls(self):
     @_needs_stage
     def fetch(self):
         if self.archive_file:
-            tty.debug(f"Already downloaded {self.archive_file}")
+            tty.debug("Already downloaded {0}".format(self.archive_file))
             return
 
-        errors: List[Exception] = []
+        url = None
+        errors = []
         for url in self.candidate_urls:
+            if not web_util.url_exists(url):
+                tty.debug("URL does not exist: " + url)
+                continue
+
             try:
                 self._fetch_from_url(url)
                 break
             except FailedDownloadError as e:
-                errors.extend(e.exceptions)
-        else:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(*errors)
+                errors.append(str(e))
+
+        for msg in errors:
+            tty.debug(msg)
 
         if not self.archive_file:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(
-                RuntimeError(f"Missing archive {self.archive_file} after fetching")
-            )
+            raise FailedDownloadError(url)
 
     def _fetch_from_url(self, url):
         if spack.config.get("config:url_fetch_method") == "curl":
@@ -330,20 +336,19 @@ def _check_headers(self, headers):
     @_needs_stage
     def _fetch_urllib(self, url):
         save_file = self.stage.save_filename
+        tty.msg("Fetching {0}".format(url))
 
-        request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT})
-
+        # Run urllib but grab the mime type from the http headers
         try:
-            response = web_util.urlopen(request)
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
+            url, headers, response = web_util.read_from_url(url)
+        except web_util.SpackWebError as e:
             # clean up archive on failure.
             if self.archive_file:
                 os.remove(self.archive_file)
             if os.path.lexists(save_file):
                 os.remove(save_file)
-            raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
-
-        tty.msg(f"Fetching {url}")
+            msg = "urllib failed to fetch with error {0}".format(e)
+            raise FailedDownloadError(url, msg)
 
         if os.path.lexists(save_file):
             os.remove(save_file)
@@ -351,7 +356,7 @@ def _fetch_urllib(self, url):
         with open(save_file, "wb") as _open_file:
             shutil.copyfileobj(response, _open_file)
 
-        self._check_headers(str(response.headers))
+        self._check_headers(str(headers))
 
     @_needs_stage
     def _fetch_curl(self, url):
@@ -360,7 +365,7 @@ def _fetch_curl(self, url):
         if self.stage.save_filename:
             save_file = self.stage.save_filename
             partial_file = self.stage.save_filename + ".part"
-        tty.msg(f"Fetching {url}")
+        tty.msg("Fetching {0}".format(url))
         if partial_file:
             save_args = [
                 "-C",
@@ -400,8 +405,8 @@ def _fetch_curl(self, url):
 
             try:
                 web_util.check_curl_code(curl.returncode)
-            except spack.error.FetchError as e:
-                raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
+            except spack.error.FetchError as err:
+                raise spack.fetch_strategy.FailedDownloadError(url, str(err))
 
         self._check_headers(headers)
 
@@ -549,13 +554,13 @@ def fetch(self):
 
         try:
             response = self._urlopen(self.url)
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
             # clean up archive on failure.
             if self.archive_file:
                 os.remove(self.archive_file)
             if os.path.lexists(file):
                 os.remove(file)
-            raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
+            raise FailedDownloadError(self.url, f"Failed to fetch {self.url}: {e}") from e
 
         if os.path.lexists(file):
             os.remove(file)
@@ -1307,41 +1312,35 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
     @_needs_stage
     def fetch(self):
         if self.archive_file:
-            tty.debug(f"Already downloaded {self.archive_file}")
+            tty.debug("Already downloaded {0}".format(self.archive_file))
             return
 
         parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(self.url)
         if parsed_url.scheme != "s3":
             raise spack.error.FetchError("S3FetchStrategy can only fetch from s3:// urls.")
 
+        tty.debug("Fetching {0}".format(self.url))
+
         basename = os.path.basename(parsed_url.path)
-        request = urllib.request.Request(
-            self.url, headers={"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT}
-        )
 
         with working_dir(self.stage.path):
-            try:
-                response = web_util.urlopen(request)
-            except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-                raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
-
-            tty.debug(f"Fetching {self.url}")
+            _, headers, stream = web_util.read_from_url(self.url)
 
             with open(basename, "wb") as f:
-                shutil.copyfileobj(response, f)
+                shutil.copyfileobj(stream, f)
 
-            content_type = web_util.get_header(response.headers, "Content-type")
+            content_type = web_util.get_header(headers, "Content-type")
 
         if content_type == "text/html":
             warn_content_type_mismatch(self.archive_file or "the archive")
 
         if self.stage.save_filename:
-            fs.rename(os.path.join(self.stage.path, basename), self.stage.save_filename)
+            llnl.util.filesystem.rename(
+                os.path.join(self.stage.path, basename), self.stage.save_filename
+            )
 
         if not self.archive_file:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(
-                RuntimeError(f"Missing archive {self.archive_file} after fetching")
-            )
+            raise FailedDownloadError(self.url)
 
 
 @fetcher
@@ -1367,23 +1366,17 @@ def fetch(self):
         if parsed_url.scheme != "gs":
             raise spack.error.FetchError("GCSFetchStrategy can only fetch from gs:// urls.")
 
+        tty.debug("Fetching {0}".format(self.url))
+
         basename = os.path.basename(parsed_url.path)
-        request = urllib.request.Request(
-            self.url, headers={"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT}
-        )
 
         with working_dir(self.stage.path):
-            try:
-                response = web_util.urlopen(request)
-            except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-                raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
-
-            tty.debug(f"Fetching {self.url}")
+            _, headers, stream = web_util.read_from_url(self.url)
 
             with open(basename, "wb") as f:
-                shutil.copyfileobj(response, f)
+                shutil.copyfileobj(stream, f)
 
-            content_type = web_util.get_header(response.headers, "Content-type")
+            content_type = web_util.get_header(headers, "Content-type")
 
         if content_type == "text/html":
             warn_content_type_mismatch(self.archive_file or "the archive")
@@ -1392,9 +1385,7 @@ def fetch(self):
             os.rename(os.path.join(self.stage.path, basename), self.stage.save_filename)
 
         if not self.archive_file:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(
-                RuntimeError(f"Missing archive {self.archive_file} after fetching")
-            )
+            raise FailedDownloadError(self.url)
 
 
 @fetcher
@@ -1731,9 +1722,9 @@ class NoCacheError(spack.error.FetchError):
 class FailedDownloadError(spack.error.FetchError):
     """Raised when a download fails."""
 
-    def __init__(self, *exceptions: Exception):
-        super().__init__("Failed to download")
-        self.exceptions = exceptions
+    def __init__(self, url, msg=""):
+        super().__init__("Failed to fetch file from URL: %s" % url, msg)
+        self.url = url
 
 
 class NoArchiveFileError(spack.error.FetchError):

lib/spack/spack/filesystem_view.py

@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@
 import shutil
 import stat
 import sys
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
-from llnl.string import comma_or
 from llnl.util import tty
 from llnl.util.filesystem import (
     mkdirp,
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.color import colorize
 
 import spack.config
-import spack.directory_layout
 import spack.paths
 import spack.projections
 import spack.relocate
@@ -51,20 +49,19 @@
 _projections_path = ".spack/projections.yaml"
 
 
-LinkCallbackType = Callable[[str, str, "FilesystemView", Optional[spack.spec.Spec]], None]
-
-
-def view_symlink(src: str, dst: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+def view_symlink(src, dst, **kwargs):
+    # keyword arguments are irrelevant
+    # here to fit required call signature
     symlink(src, dst)
 
 
-def view_hardlink(src: str, dst: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+def view_hardlink(src, dst, **kwargs):
+    # keyword arguments are irrelevant
+    # here to fit required call signature
     os.link(src, dst)
 
 
-def view_copy(
-    src: str, dst: str, view: "FilesystemView", spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None
-) -> None:
+def view_copy(src: str, dst: str, view, spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None):
     """
     Copy a file from src to dst.
 
@@ -107,40 +104,27 @@ def view_copy(
         tty.debug(f"Can't change the permissions for {dst}")
 
 
-#: supported string values for `link_type` in an env, mapped to canonical values
-_LINK_TYPES = {
-    "hardlink": "hardlink",
-    "hard": "hardlink",
-    "copy": "copy",
-    "relocate": "copy",
-    "add": "symlink",
-    "symlink": "symlink",
-    "soft": "symlink",
-}
-
-_VALID_LINK_TYPES = sorted(set(_LINK_TYPES.values()))
-
-
-def canonicalize_link_type(link_type: str) -> str:
-    """Return canonical"""
-    canonical = _LINK_TYPES.get(link_type)
-    if not canonical:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"Invalid link type: '{link_type}. Must be one of {comma_or(_VALID_LINK_TYPES)}'"
-        )
-    return canonical
-
-
-def function_for_link_type(link_type: str) -> LinkCallbackType:
-    link_type = canonicalize_link_type(link_type)
-    if link_type == "hardlink":
+def view_func_parser(parsed_name):
+    # What method are we using for this view
+    if parsed_name in ("hardlink", "hard"):
         return view_hardlink
-    elif link_type == "symlink":
-        return view_symlink
-    elif link_type == "copy":
+    elif parsed_name in ("copy", "relocate"):
         return view_copy
+    elif parsed_name in ("add", "symlink", "soft"):
+        return view_symlink
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid link type for view: '{parsed_name}'")
 
-    assert False, "invalid link type"  # need mypy Literal values
+
+def inverse_view_func_parser(view_type):
+    # get string based on view type
+    if view_type is view_hardlink:
+        link_name = "hardlink"
+    elif view_type is view_copy:
+        link_name = "copy"
+    else:
+        link_name = "symlink"
+    return link_name
 
 
 class FilesystemView:
@@ -156,16 +140,7 @@ class FilesystemView:
     directory structure.
     """
 
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        root: str,
-        layout: spack.directory_layout.DirectoryLayout,
-        *,
-        projections: Optional[Dict] = None,
-        ignore_conflicts: bool = False,
-        verbose: bool = False,
-        link_type: str = "symlink",
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, root, layout, **kwargs):
         """
         Initialize a filesystem view under the given `root` directory with
         corresponding directory `layout`.
@@ -174,17 +149,15 @@ def __init__(
         """
         self._root = root
         self.layout = layout
-        self.projections = {} if projections is None else projections
 
-        self.ignore_conflicts = ignore_conflicts
-        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.projections = kwargs.get("projections", {})
+
+        self.ignore_conflicts = kwargs.get("ignore_conflicts", False)
+        self.verbose = kwargs.get("verbose", False)
 
         # Setup link function to include view
-        self.link_type = link_type
-        self._link = function_for_link_type(link_type)
-
-    def link(self, src: str, dst: str, spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> None:
-        self._link(src, dst, self, spec)
+        link_func = kwargs.get("link", view_symlink)
+        self.link = ft.partial(link_func, view=self)
 
     def add_specs(self, *specs, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -282,24 +255,8 @@ class YamlFilesystemView(FilesystemView):
     Filesystem view to work with a yaml based directory layout.
     """
 
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        root: str,
-        layout: spack.directory_layout.DirectoryLayout,
-        *,
-        projections: Optional[Dict] = None,
-        ignore_conflicts: bool = False,
-        verbose: bool = False,
-        link_type: str = "symlink",
-    ):
-        super().__init__(
-            root,
-            layout,
-            projections=projections,
-            ignore_conflicts=ignore_conflicts,
-            verbose=verbose,
-            link_type=link_type,
-        )
+    def __init__(self, root, layout, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(root, layout, **kwargs)
 
         # Super class gets projections from the kwargs
         # YAML specific to get projections from YAML file
@@ -681,6 +638,9 @@ class SimpleFilesystemView(FilesystemView):
     """A simple and partial implementation of FilesystemView focused on performance and immutable
     views, where specs cannot be removed after they were added."""
 
+    def __init__(self, root, layout, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(root, layout, **kwargs)
+
     def _sanity_check_view_projection(self, specs):
         """A very common issue is that we end up with two specs of the same package, that project
         to the same prefix. We want to catch that as early as possible and give a sensible error to

lib/spack/spack/hooks/__init__.py

@@ -41,9 +41,8 @@ def _populate_hooks(cls):
 
         relative_names = list(list_modules(spack.paths.hooks_path))
 
-        # write_install_manifest should come after any mutation of the install prefix, and
-        # autopush should include the install manifest.
-        ensure_last(relative_names, "absolutify_elf_sonames", "write_install_manifest", "autopush")
+        # Ensure that write_install_manifest comes last
+        ensure_last(relative_names, "absolutify_elf_sonames", "write_install_manifest")
 
         for name in relative_names:
             module_name = __name__ + "." + name

lib/spack/spack/hooks/absolutify_elf_sonames.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 import spack.config
 import spack.relocate
 from spack.util.elf import ElfParsingError, parse_elf
-from spack.util.executable import Executable
 
 
 def is_shared_library_elf(filepath):
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ def post_install(spec, explicit=None):
         return
 
     # Only enable on platforms using ELF.
-    if not spec.satisfies("platform=linux") and not spec.satisfies("platform=cray"):
+    if not spec.satisfies("platform=linux"):
         return
 
     # Disable this hook when bootstrapping, to avoid recursion.
@@ -149,10 +148,9 @@ def post_install(spec, explicit=None):
         return
 
     # Should failing to locate patchelf be a hard error?
-    patchelf_path = spack.relocate._patchelf()
-    if not patchelf_path:
+    patchelf = spack.relocate._patchelf()
+    if not patchelf:
         return
-    patchelf = Executable(patchelf_path)
 
     fixes = find_and_patch_sonames(spec.prefix, spec.package.non_bindable_shared_objects, patchelf)
 

lib/spack/spack/hooks/drop_redundant_rpaths.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def post_install(spec, explicit=None):
         return
 
     # Only enable on platforms using ELF.
-    if not spec.satisfies("platform=linux") and not spec.satisfies("platform=cray"):
+    if not spec.satisfies("platform=linux"):
         return
 
     visit_directory_tree(spec.prefix, ElfFilesWithRPathVisitor())

lib/spack/spack/installer.py

@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ def _process_external_package(pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase", explicit: b
         tty.debug(f"{pre} already registered in DB")
         record = spack.store.STORE.db.get_record(spec)
         if explicit and not record.explicit:
-            spack.store.STORE.db.mark(spec, "explicit", True)
+            spack.store.STORE.db.update_explicit(spec, explicit)
 
     except KeyError:
         # If not, register it and generate the module file.
@@ -600,9 +600,7 @@ def dump_packages(spec: "spack.spec.Spec", path: str) -> None:
         if node is spec:
             spack.repo.PATH.dump_provenance(node, dest_pkg_dir)
         elif source_pkg_dir:
-            fs.install_tree(
-                source_pkg_dir, dest_pkg_dir, allow_broken_symlinks=(sys.platform != "win32")
-            )
+            fs.install_tree(source_pkg_dir, dest_pkg_dir)
 
 
 def get_dependent_ids(spec: "spack.spec.Spec") -> List[str]:
@@ -1363,8 +1361,8 @@ def _prepare_for_install(self, task: BuildTask) -> None:
             self._update_installed(task)
 
             # Only update the explicit entry once for the explicit package
-            if task.explicit and not rec.explicit:
-                spack.store.STORE.db.mark(task.pkg.spec, "explicit", True)
+            if task.explicit:
+                spack.store.STORE.db.update_explicit(task.pkg.spec, True)
 
     def _cleanup_all_tasks(self) -> None:
         """Cleanup all build tasks to include releasing their locks."""
@@ -1544,6 +1542,17 @@ def _add_tasks(self, request: BuildRequest, all_deps):
             tty.warn(f"Installation request refused: {str(err)}")
             return
 
+        # Skip out early if the spec is not being installed locally (i.e., if
+        # external or upstream).
+        #
+        # External and upstream packages need to get flagged as installed to
+        # ensure proper status tracking for environment build.
+        explicit = request.pkg.spec.dag_hash() in request.install_args.get("explicit", [])
+        not_local = _handle_external_and_upstream(request.pkg, explicit)
+        if not_local:
+            self._flag_installed(request.pkg)
+            return
+
         install_compilers = spack.config.get("config:install_missing_compilers", False)
 
         install_deps = request.install_args.get("install_deps")
@@ -2020,10 +2029,11 @@ def install(self) -> None:
             # Skip the installation if the spec is not being installed locally
             # (i.e., if external or upstream) BUT flag it as installed since
             # some package likely depends on it.
-            if _handle_external_and_upstream(pkg, task.explicit):
-                term_status.clear()
-                self._flag_installed(pkg, task.dependents)
-                continue
+            if not task.explicit:
+                if _handle_external_and_upstream(pkg, False):
+                    term_status.clear()
+                    self._flag_installed(pkg, task.dependents)
+                    continue
 
             # Flag a failed spec.  Do not need an (install) prefix lock since
             # assume using a separate (failed) prefix lock file.
@@ -2348,9 +2358,7 @@ def _install_source(self) -> None:
         src_target = os.path.join(pkg.spec.prefix, "share", pkg.name, "src")
         tty.debug(f"{self.pre} Copying source to {src_target}")
 
-        fs.install_tree(
-            pkg.stage.source_path, src_target, allow_broken_symlinks=(sys.platform != "win32")
-        )
+        fs.install_tree(pkg.stage.source_path, src_target)
 
     def _real_install(self) -> None:
         import spack.builder

lib/spack/spack/mirror.py

@@ -87,8 +87,9 @@ def from_url(url: str):
         """Create an anonymous mirror by URL. This method validates the URL."""
         if not urllib.parse.urlparse(url).scheme in supported_url_schemes:
             raise ValueError(
-                f'"{url}" is not a valid mirror URL. '
-                f"Scheme must be one of {supported_url_schemes}."
+                '"{}" is not a valid mirror URL. Scheme must be once of {}.'.format(
+                    url, ", ".join(supported_url_schemes)
+                )
             )
         return Mirror(url)
 
@@ -733,7 +734,7 @@ def require_mirror_name(mirror_name):
     """Find a mirror by name and raise if it does not exist"""
     mirror = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection().get(mirror_name)
     if not mirror:
-        raise ValueError(f'no mirror named "{mirror_name}"')
+        raise ValueError('no mirror named "{0}"'.format(mirror_name))
     return mirror
 
 

lib/spack/spack/operating_systems/__init__.py

@@ -3,22 +3,12 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 from ._operating_system import OperatingSystem
-from .cray_backend import CrayBackend
-from .cray_frontend import CrayFrontend
 from .freebsd import FreeBSDOs
 from .linux_distro import LinuxDistro
 from .mac_os import MacOs
 from .windows_os import WindowsOs
 
-__all__ = [
-    "OperatingSystem",
-    "LinuxDistro",
-    "MacOs",
-    "CrayFrontend",
-    "CrayBackend",
-    "WindowsOs",
-    "FreeBSDOs",
-]
+__all__ = ["OperatingSystem", "LinuxDistro", "MacOs", "WindowsOs", "FreeBSDOs"]
 
 #: List of all the Operating Systems known to Spack
-operating_systems = [LinuxDistro, MacOs, CrayFrontend, CrayBackend, WindowsOs, FreeBSDOs]
+operating_systems = [LinuxDistro, MacOs, WindowsOs, FreeBSDOs]

lib/spack/spack/operating_systems/cray_backend.py

@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-import os
-import re
-
-import llnl.util.tty as tty
-
-import spack.error
-import spack.version
-from spack.util.module_cmd import module
-
-from .linux_distro import LinuxDistro
-
-#: Possible locations of the Cray CLE release file,
-#: which we look at to get the CNL OS version.
-_cle_release_file = "/etc/opt/cray/release/cle-release"
-_clerelease_file = "/etc/opt/cray/release/clerelease"
-
-
-def read_cle_release_file():
-    """Read the CLE release file and return a dict with its attributes.
-
-    This file is present on newer versions of Cray.
-
-    The release file looks something like this::
-
-        RELEASE=6.0.UP07
-        BUILD=6.0.7424
-        ...
-
-    The dictionary we produce looks like this::
-
-        {
-          "RELEASE": "6.0.UP07",
-          "BUILD": "6.0.7424",
-          ...
-        }
-
-    Returns:
-        dict: dictionary of release attributes
-    """
-    with open(_cle_release_file) as release_file:
-        result = {}
-        for line in release_file:
-            # use partition instead of split() to ensure we only split on
-            # the first '=' in the line.
-            key, _, value = line.partition("=")
-            result[key] = value.strip()
-        return result
-
-
-def read_clerelease_file():
-    """Read the CLE release file and return the Cray OS version.
-
-    This file is present on older versions of Cray.
-
-    The release file looks something like this::
-
-        5.2.UP04
-
-    Returns:
-        str: the Cray OS version
-    """
-    with open(_clerelease_file) as release_file:
-        for line in release_file:
-            return line.strip()
-
-
-class CrayBackend(LinuxDistro):
-    """Compute Node Linux (CNL) is the operating system used for the Cray XC
-    series super computers. It is a very stripped down version of GNU/Linux.
-    Any compilers found through this operating system will be used with
-    modules. If updated, user must make sure that version and name are
-    updated to indicate that OS has been upgraded (or downgraded)
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        name = "cnl"
-        version = self._detect_crayos_version()
-        if version:
-            # If we found a CrayOS version, we do not want the information
-            # from LinuxDistro. In order to skip the logic from
-            # distro.linux_distribution, while still calling __init__
-            # methods further up the MRO, we skip LinuxDistro in the MRO and
-            # call the OperatingSystem superclass __init__ method
-            super(LinuxDistro, self).__init__(name, version)
-        else:
-            super().__init__()
-        self.modulecmd = module
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return self.name + str(self.version)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _detect_crayos_version(cls):
-        if os.path.isfile(_cle_release_file):
-            release_attrs = read_cle_release_file()
-            if "RELEASE" not in release_attrs:
-                # This Cray system uses a base OS not CLE/CNL
-                return None
-            v = spack.version.Version(release_attrs["RELEASE"])
-            return v[0]
-        elif os.path.isfile(_clerelease_file):
-            v = read_clerelease_file()
-            return spack.version.Version(v)[0]
-        else:
-            # Not all Cray systems run CNL on the backend.
-            # Systems running in what Cray calls "cluster" mode run other
-            # linux OSs under the Cray PE.
-            # So if we don't detect any Cray OS version on the system,
-            # we return None. We can't ever be sure we will get a Cray OS
-            # version.
-            # Returning None allows the calling code to test for the value
-            # being "True-ish" rather than requiring a try/except block.
-            return None
-
-    def arguments_to_detect_version_fn(self, paths):
-        import spack.compilers
-
-        command_arguments = []
-        for compiler_name in spack.compilers.supported_compilers():
-            cmp_cls = spack.compilers.class_for_compiler_name(compiler_name)
-
-            # If the compiler doesn't have a corresponding
-            # Programming Environment, skip to the next
-            if cmp_cls.PrgEnv is None:
-                continue
-
-            if cmp_cls.PrgEnv_compiler is None:
-                tty.die("Must supply PrgEnv_compiler with PrgEnv")
-
-            compiler_id = spack.compilers.CompilerID(self, compiler_name, None)
-            detect_version_args = spack.compilers.DetectVersionArgs(
-                id=compiler_id, variation=(None, None), language="cc", path="cc"
-            )
-            command_arguments.append(detect_version_args)
-        return command_arguments
-
-    def detect_version(self, detect_version_args):
-        import spack.compilers
-
-        modulecmd = self.modulecmd
-        compiler_name = detect_version_args.id.compiler_name
-        compiler_cls = spack.compilers.class_for_compiler_name(compiler_name)
-        output = modulecmd("avail", compiler_cls.PrgEnv_compiler)
-        version_regex = r"({0})/([\d\.]+[\d]-?[\w]*)".format(compiler_cls.PrgEnv_compiler)
-        matches = re.findall(version_regex, output)
-        version = tuple(version for _, version in matches if "classic" not in version)
-        compiler_id = detect_version_args.id
-        value = detect_version_args._replace(id=compiler_id._replace(version=version))
-        return value, None
-
-    def make_compilers(self, compiler_id, paths):
-        import spack.spec
-
-        name = compiler_id.compiler_name
-        cmp_cls = spack.compilers.class_for_compiler_name(name)
-        compilers = []
-        for v in compiler_id.version:
-            comp = cmp_cls(
-                spack.spec.CompilerSpec(name + "@=" + v),
-                self,
-                "any",
-                ["cc", "CC", "ftn"],
-                [cmp_cls.PrgEnv, name + "/" + v],
-            )
-
-            compilers.append(comp)
-        return compilers

lib/spack/spack/operating_systems/cray_frontend.py

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-import contextlib
-import os
-import re
-
-import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
-import llnl.util.lang
-import llnl.util.tty as tty
-
-from spack.util.environment import get_path
-from spack.util.module_cmd import module
-
-from .linux_distro import LinuxDistro
-
-
-@contextlib.contextmanager
-def unload_programming_environment():
-    """Context manager that unloads Cray Programming Environments."""
-    env_bu = None
-
-    # We rely on the fact that the PrgEnv-* modules set the PE_ENV
-    # environment variable.
-    if "PE_ENV" in os.environ:
-        # Copy environment variables to restore them after the compiler
-        # detection. We expect that the only thing PrgEnv-* modules do is
-        # the environment variables modifications.
-        env_bu = os.environ.copy()
-
-        # Get the name of the module from the environment variable.
-        prg_env = "PrgEnv-" + os.environ["PE_ENV"].lower()
-
-        # Unload the PrgEnv-* module. By doing this we intentionally
-        # provoke errors when the Cray's compiler wrappers are executed
-        # (Error: A PrgEnv-* modulefile must be loaded.) so they will not
-        # be detected as valid compilers by the overridden method. We also
-        # expect that the modules that add the actual compilers' binaries
-        # into the PATH environment variable (i.e. the following modules:
-        # 'intel', 'cce', 'gcc', etc.) will also be unloaded since they are
-        # specified as prerequisites in the PrgEnv-* modulefiles.
-        module("unload", prg_env)
-
-    yield
-
-    # Restore the environment.
-    if env_bu is not None:
-        os.environ.clear()
-        os.environ.update(env_bu)
-
-
-class CrayFrontend(LinuxDistro):
-    """Represents OS that runs on login and service nodes of the Cray platform.
-    It acts as a regular Linux without Cray-specific modules and compiler
-    wrappers."""
-
-    @property
-    def compiler_search_paths(self):
-        """Calls the default function but unloads Cray's programming
-        environments first.
-
-        This prevents from detecting Cray compiler wrappers and avoids
-        possible false detections.
-        """
-        import spack.compilers
-
-        with unload_programming_environment():
-            search_paths = get_path("PATH")
-
-        extract_path_re = re.compile(r"prepend-path[\s]*PATH[\s]*([/\w\.:-]*)")
-
-        for compiler_cls in spack.compilers.all_compiler_types():
-            # Check if the compiler class is supported on Cray
-            prg_env = getattr(compiler_cls, "PrgEnv", None)
-            compiler_module = getattr(compiler_cls, "PrgEnv_compiler", None)
-            if not (prg_env and compiler_module):
-                continue
-
-            # It is supported, check which versions are available
-            output = module("avail", compiler_cls.PrgEnv_compiler)
-            version_regex = r"({0})/([\d\.]+[\d]-?[\w]*)".format(compiler_cls.PrgEnv_compiler)
-            matches = re.findall(version_regex, output)
-            versions = tuple(version for _, version in matches if "classic" not in version)
-
-            # Now inspect the modules and add to paths
-            msg = "[CRAY FE] Detected FE compiler [name={0}, versions={1}]"
-            tty.debug(msg.format(compiler_module, versions))
-            for v in versions:
-                try:
-                    current_module = compiler_module + "/" + v
-                    out = module("show", current_module)
-                    match = extract_path_re.search(out)
-                    search_paths += match.group(1).split(":")
-                except Exception as e:
-                    msg = (
-                        "[CRAY FE] An unexpected error occurred while "
-                        "detecting FE compiler [compiler={0}, "
-                        " version={1}, error={2}]"
-                    )
-                    tty.debug(msg.format(compiler_cls.name, v, str(e)))
-
-        search_paths = list(llnl.util.lang.dedupe(search_paths))
-        return fs.search_paths_for_executables(*search_paths)

lib/spack/spack/operating_systems/mac_os.py

@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ def __init__(self):
             "12": "monterey",
             "13": "ventura",
             "14": "sonoma",
-            "15": "sequoia",
         }
 
         version = macos_version()

lib/spack/spack/package_base.py

@@ -199,10 +199,10 @@ def __init__(cls, name, bases, attr_dict):
         # assumed to be detectable
         if hasattr(cls, "executables") or hasattr(cls, "libraries"):
             # Append a tag to each detectable package, so that finding them is faster
-            if not hasattr(cls, "tags"):
+            if hasattr(cls, "tags"):
+                getattr(cls, "tags").append(DetectablePackageMeta.TAG)
+            else:
                 setattr(cls, "tags", [DetectablePackageMeta.TAG])
-            elif DetectablePackageMeta.TAG not in cls.tags:
-                cls.tags.append(DetectablePackageMeta.TAG)
 
             @classmethod
             def platform_executables(cls):
@@ -1119,9 +1119,10 @@ def _make_stage(self):
             if not link_format:
                 link_format = "build-{arch}-{hash:7}"
             stage_link = self.spec.format_path(link_format)
-            source_stage = DevelopStage(compute_stage_name(self.spec), dev_path, stage_link)
-        else:
-            source_stage = self._make_root_stage(self.fetcher)
+            return DevelopStage(compute_stage_name(self.spec), dev_path, stage_link)
+
+        # To fetch the current version
+        source_stage = self._make_root_stage(self.fetcher)
 
         # all_stages is source + resources + patches
         all_stages = StageComposite()
@@ -1450,8 +1451,10 @@ def do_fetch(self, mirror_only=False):
             return
 
         checksum = spack.config.get("config:checksum")
+        fetch = self.stage.needs_fetching
         if (
             checksum
+            and fetch
             and (self.version not in self.versions)
             and (not isinstance(self.version, GitVersion))
         ):
@@ -1558,11 +1561,13 @@ def do_patch(self):
                 tty.debug("Patching failed last time. Restaging.")
                 self.stage.restage()
             else:
-                # develop specs may have patch failures but should never be restaged
-                tty.warn(
-                    f"A patch failure was detected in {self.name}."
-                    " Build errors may occur due to this."
+                # develop specs/ DIYStages may have patch failures but
+                # should never be restaged
+                msg = (
+                    "A patch failure was detected in %s." % self.name
+                    + " Build errors may occur due to this."
                 )
+                tty.warn(msg)
                 return
 
         # If this file exists, then we already applied all the patches.

lib/spack/spack/platforms/__init__.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 from ._functions import _host, by_name, platforms, prevent_cray_detection, reset
 from ._platform import Platform
-from .cray import Cray
 from .darwin import Darwin
 from .freebsd import FreeBSD
 from .linux import Linux
@@ -15,7 +14,6 @@
 
 __all__ = [
     "Platform",
-    "Cray",
     "Darwin",
     "Linux",
     "FreeBSD",

lib/spack/spack/platforms/_functions.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import spack.util.environment
 
-from .cray import Cray
 from .darwin import Darwin
 from .freebsd import FreeBSD
 from .linux import Linux
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@
 from .windows import Windows
 
 #: List of all the platform classes known to Spack
-platforms = [Cray, Darwin, Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Test]
+platforms = [Darwin, Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, Test]
 
 
 @llnl.util.lang.memoized

lib/spack/spack/platforms/cray.py

@@ -2,254 +2,10 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-import os
 import os.path
-import platform
-import re
-
-import archspec.cpu
-
-import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.symlink import readlink
-
-import spack.target
-import spack.version
-from spack.operating_systems.cray_backend import CrayBackend
-from spack.operating_systems.cray_frontend import CrayFrontend
-from spack.paths import build_env_path
-from spack.util.executable import Executable
-from spack.util.module_cmd import module
-
-from ._platform import NoPlatformError, Platform
-
-_craype_name_to_target_name = {
-    "x86-cascadelake": "cascadelake",
-    "x86-naples": "zen",
-    "x86-rome": "zen2",
-    "x86-milan": "zen3",
-    "x86-skylake": "skylake_avx512",
-    "mic-knl": "mic_knl",
-    "interlagos": "bulldozer",
-    "abudhabi": "piledriver",
-}
-
-_ex_craype_dir = "/opt/cray/pe/cpe"
-_xc_craype_dir = "/opt/cray/pe/cdt"
 
 
 def slingshot_network():
     return os.path.exists("/opt/cray/pe") and (
         os.path.exists("/lib64/libcxi.so") or os.path.exists("/usr/lib64/libcxi.so")
     )
-
-
-def _target_name_from_craype_target_name(name):
-    return _craype_name_to_target_name.get(name, name)
-
-
-class Cray(Platform):
-    priority = 10
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        """Create a Cray system platform.
-
-        Target names should use craype target names but not include the
-        'craype-' prefix. Uses first viable target from:
-          self
-          envars [SPACK_FRONT_END, SPACK_BACK_END]
-          configuration file "targets.yaml" with keys 'front_end', 'back_end'
-          scanning /etc/bash/bashrc.local for back_end only
-        """
-        super().__init__("cray")
-
-        # Make all craype targets available.
-        for target in self._avail_targets():
-            name = _target_name_from_craype_target_name(target)
-            self.add_target(name, spack.target.Target(name, "craype-%s" % target))
-
-        self.back_end = os.environ.get("SPACK_BACK_END", self._default_target_from_env())
-        self.default = self.back_end
-        if self.back_end not in self.targets:
-            # We didn't find a target module for the backend
-            raise NoPlatformError()
-
-        # Setup frontend targets
-        for name in archspec.cpu.TARGETS:
-            if name not in self.targets:
-                self.add_target(name, spack.target.Target(name))
-        self.front_end = os.environ.get("SPACK_FRONT_END", archspec.cpu.host().name)
-        if self.front_end not in self.targets:
-            self.add_target(self.front_end, spack.target.Target(self.front_end))
-
-        front_distro = CrayFrontend()
-        back_distro = CrayBackend()
-
-        self.default_os = str(back_distro)
-        self.back_os = self.default_os
-        self.front_os = str(front_distro)
-
-        self.add_operating_system(self.back_os, back_distro)
-        if self.front_os != self.back_os:
-            self.add_operating_system(self.front_os, front_distro)
-
-    def setup_platform_environment(self, pkg, env):
-        """Change the linker to default dynamic to be more
-        similar to linux/standard linker behavior
-        """
-        # Unload these modules to prevent any silent linking or unnecessary
-        # I/O profiling in the case of darshan.
-        modules_to_unload = ["cray-mpich", "darshan", "cray-libsci", "altd"]
-        for mod in modules_to_unload:
-            module("unload", mod)
-
-        env.set("CRAYPE_LINK_TYPE", "dynamic")
-        cray_wrapper_names = os.path.join(build_env_path, "cray")
-
-        if os.path.isdir(cray_wrapper_names):
-            env.prepend_path("PATH", cray_wrapper_names)
-            env.prepend_path("SPACK_ENV_PATH", cray_wrapper_names)
-
-        # Makes spack installed pkg-config work on Crays
-        env.append_path("PKG_CONFIG_PATH", "/usr/lib64/pkgconfig")
-        env.append_path("PKG_CONFIG_PATH", "/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig")
-
-        # CRAY_LD_LIBRARY_PATH is used at build time by the cray compiler
-        # wrappers to augment LD_LIBRARY_PATH. This is to avoid long load
-        # times at runtime. This behavior is not always respected on cray
-        # "cluster" systems, so we reproduce it here.
-        if os.environ.get("CRAY_LD_LIBRARY_PATH"):
-            env.prepend_path("LD_LIBRARY_PATH", os.environ["CRAY_LD_LIBRARY_PATH"])
-
-    @classmethod
-    def craype_type_and_version(cls):
-        if os.path.isdir(_ex_craype_dir):
-            craype_dir = _ex_craype_dir
-            craype_type = "EX"
-        elif os.path.isdir(_xc_craype_dir):
-            craype_dir = _xc_craype_dir
-            craype_type = "XC"
-        else:
-            return (None, None)
-
-        # Take the default version from known symlink path
-        default_path = os.path.join(craype_dir, "default")
-        if os.path.islink(default_path):
-            version = spack.version.Version(readlink(default_path))
-            return (craype_type, version)
-
-        # If no default version, sort available versions and return latest
-        versions_available = [spack.version.Version(v) for v in os.listdir(craype_dir)]
-        versions_available.sort(reverse=True)
-        if not versions_available:
-            return (craype_type, None)
-        return (craype_type, versions_available[0])
-
-    @classmethod
-    def detect(cls):
-        """
-        Detect whether this system requires CrayPE module support.
-
-        Systems with newer CrayPE (21.10 for EX systems, future work for CS and
-        XC systems) have compilers and MPI wrappers that can be used directly
-        by path. These systems are considered ``linux`` platforms.
-
-        For systems running an older CrayPE, we detect the Cray platform based
-        on the availability through `module` of the Cray programming
-        environment. If this environment is available, we can use it to find
-        compilers, target modules, etc. If the Cray programming environment is
-        not available via modules, then we will treat it as a standard linux
-        system, as the Cray compiler wrappers and other components of the Cray
-        programming environment are irrelevant without module support.
-        """
-        if "opt/cray" not in os.environ.get("MODULEPATH", ""):
-            return False
-
-        craype_type, craype_version = cls.craype_type_and_version()
-        if craype_type == "XC":
-            return True
-        if craype_type == "EX" and craype_version < spack.version.Version("21.10"):
-            return True
-        return False
-
-    def _default_target_from_env(self):
-        """Set and return the default CrayPE target loaded in a clean login
-        session.
-
-        A bash subshell is launched with a wiped environment and the list of
-        loaded modules is parsed for the first acceptable CrayPE target.
-        """
-        # env -i /bin/bash -lc echo $CRAY_CPU_TARGET 2> /dev/null
-        if getattr(self, "default", None) is None:
-            bash = Executable("/bin/bash")
-            output = bash(
-                "--norc",
-                "--noprofile",
-                "-lc",
-                "echo $CRAY_CPU_TARGET",
-                env={"TERM": os.environ.get("TERM", "")},
-                output=str,
-                error=os.devnull,
-            )
-
-            default_from_module = "".join(output.split())  # rm all whitespace
-            if default_from_module:
-                tty.debug("Found default module:%s" % default_from_module)
-                return default_from_module
-            else:
-                front_end = archspec.cpu.host()
-                # Look for the frontend architecture or closest ancestor
-                # available in cray target modules
-                avail = [_target_name_from_craype_target_name(x) for x in self._avail_targets()]
-                for front_end_possibility in [front_end] + front_end.ancestors:
-                    if front_end_possibility.name in avail:
-                        tty.debug("using front-end architecture or available ancestor")
-                        return front_end_possibility.name
-                else:
-                    tty.debug("using platform.machine as default")
-                    return platform.machine()
-
-    def _avail_targets(self):
-        """Return a list of available CrayPE CPU targets."""
-
-        def modules_in_output(output):
-            """Returns a list of valid modules parsed from modulecmd output"""
-            return [i for i in re.split(r"\s\s+|\n", output)]
-
-        def target_names_from_modules(modules):
-            # Craype- module prefixes that are not valid CPU targets.
-            targets = []
-            for mod in modules:
-                if "craype-" in mod:
-                    name = mod[7:]
-                    name = name.split()[0]
-                    _n = name.replace("-", "_")  # test for mic-knl/mic_knl
-                    is_target_name = name in archspec.cpu.TARGETS or _n in archspec.cpu.TARGETS
-                    is_cray_target_name = name in _craype_name_to_target_name
-                    if is_target_name or is_cray_target_name:
-                        targets.append(name)
-
-            return targets
-
-        def modules_from_listdir():
-            craype_default_path = "/opt/cray/pe/craype/default/modulefiles"
-            if os.path.isdir(craype_default_path):
-                return os.listdir(craype_default_path)
-            return []
-
-        if getattr(self, "_craype_targets", None) is None:
-            strategies = [
-                lambda: modules_in_output(module("avail", "-t", "craype-")),
-                modules_from_listdir,
-            ]
-            for available_craype_modules in strategies:
-                craype_modules = available_craype_modules()
-                craype_targets = target_names_from_modules(craype_modules)
-                if craype_targets:
-                    self._craype_targets = craype_targets
-                    break
-            else:
-                # If nothing is found add platform.machine()
-                # to avoid Spack erroring out
-                self._craype_targets = [platform.machine()]
-
-        return self._craype_targets

lib/spack/spack/schema/compilers.py

@@ -52,10 +52,7 @@
                         "target": {"type": "string"},
                         "alias": {"anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}]},
                         "modules": {
-                            "anyOf": [
-                                {"type": "null"},
-                                {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
-                            ]
+                            "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "null"}, {"type": "array"}]
                         },
                         "implicit_rpaths": {
                             "anyOf": [

lib/spack/spack/schema/develop.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
             r"\w[\w-]*": {
                 "type": "object",
                 "additionalProperties": False,
-                "required": ["spec"],
                 "properties": {"spec": {"type": "string"}, "path": {"type": "string"}},
             }
         },

lib/spack/spack/solver/asp.py

@@ -844,6 +844,8 @@ def solve(self, setup, specs, reuse=None, output=None, control=None, allow_depre
         parent_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
         self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "concretize.lp"))
         self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "heuristic.lp"))
+        if spack.config.CONFIG.get("concretizer:duplicates:strategy", "none") != "none":
+            self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "heuristic_separate.lp"))
         self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "display.lp"))
         if not setup.concretize_everything:
             self.control.load(os.path.join(parent_dir, "when_possible.lp"))
@@ -1433,14 +1435,16 @@ def condition(
             # caller, we won't emit partial facts.
 
             condition_id = next(self._id_counter)
+            self.gen.fact(fn.pkg_fact(required_spec.name, fn.condition(condition_id)))
+            self.gen.fact(fn.condition_reason(condition_id, msg))
+
             trigger_id = self._get_condition_id(
                 required_spec, cache=self._trigger_cache, body=True, transform=transform_required
             )
-            self.gen.fact(fn.pkg_fact(required_spec.name, fn.condition(condition_id)))
-            self.gen.fact(fn.condition_reason(condition_id, msg))
             self.gen.fact(
                 fn.pkg_fact(required_spec.name, fn.condition_trigger(condition_id, trigger_id))
             )
+
             if not imposed_spec:
                 return condition_id
 
@@ -1689,43 +1693,19 @@ def external_packages(self):
                 spack.spec.parse_with_version_concrete(x["spec"]) for x in externals
             ]
 
-            selected_externals = set()
+            external_specs = []
             if spec_filters:
                 for current_filter in spec_filters:
                     current_filter.factory = lambda: candidate_specs
-                    selected_externals.update(current_filter.selected_specs())
-
-            # Emit facts for externals specs. Note that "local_idx" is the index of the spec
-            # in packages:<pkg_name>:externals. This means:
-            #
-            # packages:<pkg_name>:externals[local_idx].spec == spec
-            external_versions = []
-            for local_idx, spec in enumerate(candidate_specs):
-                msg = f"{spec.name} available as external when satisfying {spec}"
-
-                if spec_filters and spec not in selected_externals:
-                    continue
-
-                if not spec.versions.concrete:
-                    warnings.warn(f"cannot use the external spec {spec}: needs a concrete version")
-                    continue
-
-                def external_imposition(input_spec, requirements):
-                    return requirements + [
-                        fn.attr("external_conditions_hold", input_spec.name, local_idx)
-                    ]
-
-                try:
-                    self.condition(spec, spec, msg=msg, transform_imposed=external_imposition)
-                except (spack.error.SpecError, RuntimeError) as e:
-                    warnings.warn(f"while setting up external spec {spec}: {e}")
-                    continue
-                external_versions.append((spec.version, local_idx))
-                self.possible_versions[spec.name].add(spec.version)
-                self.gen.newline()
+                    external_specs.extend(current_filter.selected_specs())
+            else:
+                external_specs.extend(candidate_specs)
 
             # Order the external versions to prefer more recent versions
             # even if specs in packages.yaml are not ordered that way
+            external_versions = [
+                (x.version, external_id) for external_id, x in enumerate(external_specs)
+            ]
             external_versions = [
                 (v, idx, external_id)
                 for idx, (v, external_id) in enumerate(sorted(external_versions, reverse=True))
@@ -1735,6 +1715,19 @@ def external_imposition(input_spec, requirements):
                     DeclaredVersion(version=version, idx=idx, origin=Provenance.EXTERNAL)
                 )
 
+            # Declare external conditions with a local index into packages.yaml
+            for local_idx, spec in enumerate(external_specs):
+                msg = "%s available as external when satisfying %s" % (spec.name, spec)
+
+                def external_imposition(input_spec, requirements):
+                    return requirements + [
+                        fn.attr("external_conditions_hold", input_spec.name, local_idx)
+                    ]
+
+                self.condition(spec, spec, msg=msg, transform_imposed=external_imposition)
+                self.possible_versions[spec.name].add(spec.version)
+                self.gen.newline()
+
             self.trigger_rules()
             self.effect_rules()
 
@@ -1887,8 +1880,11 @@ def _spec_clauses(
                             )
 
                 clauses.append(f.variant_value(spec.name, vname, value))
+
                 if variant.propagate:
-                    clauses.append(f.propagate(spec.name, fn.variant_value(vname, value)))
+                    clauses.append(
+                        f.variant_propagation_candidate(spec.name, vname, value, spec.name)
+                    )
 
                 # Tell the concretizer that this is a possible value for the
                 # variant, to account for things like int/str values where we
@@ -2444,7 +2440,7 @@ def setup(
 
         if using_libc_compatibility():
             for libc in self.libcs:
-                self.gen.fact(fn.allowed_libc(libc.name, libc.version))
+                self.gen.fact(fn.host_libc(libc.name, libc.version))
 
         if not allow_deprecated:
             self.gen.fact(fn.deprecated_versions_not_allowed())
@@ -2743,7 +2739,7 @@ class _Head:
     node_flag = fn.attr("node_flag_set")
     node_flag_source = fn.attr("node_flag_source")
     node_flag_propagate = fn.attr("node_flag_propagate")
-    propagate = fn.attr("propagate")
+    variant_propagation_candidate = fn.attr("variant_propagation_candidate")
 
 
 class _Body:
@@ -2760,7 +2756,7 @@ class _Body:
     node_flag = fn.attr("node_flag")
     node_flag_source = fn.attr("node_flag_source")
     node_flag_propagate = fn.attr("node_flag_propagate")
-    propagate = fn.attr("propagate")
+    variant_propagation_candidate = fn.attr("variant_propagation_candidate")
 
 
 class ProblemInstanceBuilder:
@@ -3234,39 +3230,6 @@ def requires(self, impose: str, *, when: str):
         self.runtime_conditions.add((imposed_spec, when_spec))
         self.reset()
 
-    def propagate(self, constraint_str: str, *, when: str):
-        msg = "the 'propagate' method can be called only with pkg('*')"
-        assert self.current_package == "*", msg
-
-        when_spec = spack.spec.Spec(when)
-        assert when_spec.name is None, "only anonymous when specs are accepted"
-
-        placeholder = "XXX"
-        node_variable = "node(ID, Package)"
-        when_spec.name = placeholder
-
-        body_clauses = self._setup.spec_clauses(when_spec, body=True)
-        body_str = (
-            f"  {f',{os.linesep}  '.join(str(x) for x in body_clauses)},\n"
-            f"  not external({node_variable}),\n"
-            f"  not runtime(Package)"
-        ).replace(f'"{placeholder}"', f"{node_variable}")
-
-        constraint_spec = spack.spec.Spec(constraint_str)
-        assert constraint_spec.name is None, "only anonymous constraint specs are accepted"
-
-        constraint_spec.name = placeholder
-        constraint_clauses = self._setup.spec_clauses(constraint_spec, body=False)
-        for clause in constraint_clauses:
-            if clause.args[0] == "node_compiler_version_satisfies":
-                self._setup.compiler_version_constraints.add(constraint_spec.compiler)
-                args = f'"{constraint_spec.compiler.name}", "{constraint_spec.compiler.versions}"'
-                head_str = f"propagate({node_variable}, node_compiler_version_satisfies({args}))"
-                rule = f"{head_str} :-\n{body_str}.\n\n"
-                self.rules.append(rule)
-
-        self.reset()
-
     def consume_facts(self):
         """Consume the facts collected by this object, and emits rules and
         facts for the runtimes.
@@ -3836,12 +3799,6 @@ class Solver:
     def __init__(self):
         self.driver = PyclingoDriver()
         self.selector = ReusableSpecsSelector(configuration=spack.config.CONFIG)
-        if spack.platforms.host().name == "cray":
-            msg = (
-                "The Cray platform, i.e. 'platform=cray', will be removed in Spack v0.23. "
-                "All Cray machines will be then detected as 'platform=linux'."
-            )
-            warnings.warn(msg)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _check_input_and_extract_concrete_specs(specs):

lib/spack/spack/solver/concretize.lp

@@ -811,6 +811,37 @@ node_has_variant(node(ID, Package), Variant) :-
   pkg_fact(Package, variant(Variant)),
   attr("node", node(ID, Package)).
 
+% Variant propagation is forwarded to dependencies
+attr("variant_propagation_candidate", PackageNode, Variant, Value, Source) :-
+  attr("node", PackageNode),
+  depends_on(ParentNode, PackageNode),
+  attr("variant_value", node(_, Source), Variant, Value),
+  attr("variant_propagation_candidate", ParentNode, Variant, _, Source).
+
+% If the node is a candidate, and it has the variant and value,
+% then those variant and value should be propagated
+attr("variant_propagate", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value, Source) :-
+  attr("variant_propagation_candidate", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value, Source),
+  node_has_variant(node(ID, Package), Variant),
+  pkg_fact(Package, variant_possible_value(Variant, Value)),
+  not attr("variant_set", node(ID, Package), Variant).
+
+% Propagate the value, if there is the corresponding attribute
+attr("variant_value", PackageNode, Variant, Value) :- attr("variant_propagate", PackageNode, Variant, Value, _).
+
+% If a variant is propagated, we cannot have extraneous values (this is for multi valued variants)
+variant_is_propagated(PackageNode, Variant) :- attr("variant_propagate", PackageNode, Variant, _, _).
+:- variant_is_propagated(PackageNode, Variant),
+   attr("variant_value", PackageNode, Variant, Value),
+   not attr("variant_propagate", PackageNode, Variant, Value, _).
+
+% Cannot receive different values from different sources on the same variant
+error(100, "{0} and {1} cannot both propagate variant '{2}' to package {3} with values '{4}' and '{5}'", Source1, Source2, Variant, Package, Value1, Value2) :-
+  attr("variant_propagate", node(X, Package), Variant, Value1, Source1),
+  attr("variant_propagate", node(X, Package), Variant, Value2, Source2),
+  node_has_variant(node(X, Package), Variant),
+  Value1 < Value2, Source1 < Source2.
+
 % a variant cannot be set if it is not a variant on the package
 error(100, "Cannot set variant '{0}' for package '{1}' because the variant condition cannot be satisfied for the given spec", Variant, Package)
   :- attr("variant_set", node(X, Package), Variant),
@@ -888,7 +919,7 @@ variant_not_default(node(ID, Package), Variant, Value)
     % variants set explicitly on the CLI don't count as non-default
     not attr("variant_set", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value),
     % variant values forced by propagation don't count as non-default
-    not propagate(node(ID, Package), variant_value(Variant, Value)),
+    not attr("variant_propagate", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value, _),
     % variants set on externals that we could use don't count as non-default
     % this makes spack prefer to use an external over rebuilding with the
     % default configuration
@@ -901,7 +932,7 @@ variant_default_not_used(node(ID, Package), Variant, Value)
   :- variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value),
      node_has_variant(node(ID, Package), Variant),
      not attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value),
-     not propagate(node(ID, Package), variant_value(Variant, _)),
+     not attr("variant_propagate", node(ID, Package), Variant, _, _),
      attr("node", node(ID, Package)).
 
 % The variant is set in an external spec
@@ -958,67 +989,6 @@ pkg_fact(Package, variant_single_value("dev_path"))
 #defined variant_default_value/3.
 #defined variant_default_value_from_packages_yaml/3.
 
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-% Propagation semantics
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-% Propagation roots have a corresponding attr("propagate", ...)
-propagate(RootNode, PropagatedAttribute) :- attr("propagate", RootNode, PropagatedAttribute).
-
-% Propagate an attribute along edges to child nodes
-propagate(ChildNode, PropagatedAttribute) :-
-  propagate(ParentNode, PropagatedAttribute),
-  depends_on(ParentNode, ChildNode).
-
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-% Activation of propagated values
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-%----
-% Variants
-%----
-
-% If a variant is propagated, and can be accepted, set its value
-attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value) :-
-  propagate(node(ID, Package), variant_value(Variant, Value)),
-  node_has_variant(node(ID, Package), Variant),
-  pkg_fact(Package, variant_possible_value(Variant, Value)),
-  not attr("variant_set", node(ID, Package), Variant).
-
-% If a variant is propagated, we cannot have extraneous values
-variant_is_propagated(PackageNode, Variant) :-
-  attr("variant_value", PackageNode, Variant, Value),
-  propagate(PackageNode, variant_value(Variant, Value)),
-  not attr("variant_set", PackageNode, Variant).
-
-:- variant_is_propagated(PackageNode, Variant),
-   attr("variant_value", PackageNode, Variant, Value),
-   not propagate(PackageNode, variant_value(Variant, Value)).
-
-%----
-% Compiler constraints
-%----
-
-attr("node_compiler_version_satisfies", node(ID, Package), Compiler, Version) :-
-  propagate(node(ID, Package), node_compiler_version_satisfies(Compiler, Version)),
-  node_compiler(node(ID, Package), CompilerID),
-  compiler_name(CompilerID, Compiler),
-  not runtime(Package),
-  not external(Package).
-
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-% Runtimes
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-% Check whether the DAG has any built package
-has_built_packages() :- build(X), not external(X).
-
-% If we build packages, the runtime nodes must use an available compiler
-1 { node_compiler(PackageNode, CompilerID) : build(PackageNode), not external(PackageNode) } :-
-  has_built_packages(),
-  runtime(RuntimePackage),
-  node_compiler(node(_, RuntimePackage), CompilerID).
-
 %-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 % Platform semantics
 %-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1120,18 +1090,10 @@ attr("node_target", PackageNode, Target)
  :- attr("node", PackageNode), attr("node_target_set", PackageNode, Target).
 
 % each node has the weight of its assigned target
-target_weight(Target, 0)
- :- attr("node", PackageNode),
-    attr("node_target", PackageNode, Target),
-    attr("node_target_set", PackageNode, Target).
-
-node_target_weight(PackageNode, MinWeight)
- :- attr("node", PackageNode),
-    attr("node_target", PackageNode, Target),
-    target(Target),
-    MinWeight = #min { Weight : target_weight(Target, Weight) }.
-
-:- attr("node_target", PackageNode, Target), not node_target_weight(PackageNode, _).
+node_target_weight(node(ID, Package), Weight)
+ :- attr("node", node(ID, Package)),
+    attr("node_target", node(ID, Package), Target),
+    target_weight(Target, Weight).
 
 % compatibility rules for targets among nodes
 node_target_match(ParentNode, DependencyNode)
@@ -1193,12 +1155,12 @@ error(10, "No valid compiler for {0} satisfies '%{1}'", Package, Compiler)
 
 % If the compiler of a node must satisfy a constraint, then its version
 % must be chosen among the ones that satisfy said constraint
-error(100, "Package {0} cannot satisfy '%{1}@{2}'", Package, Compiler, Constraint)
+error(100, "No valid version for '{0}' compiler '{1}' satisfies '@{2}'", Package, Compiler, Constraint)
   :- attr("node", node(X, Package)),
      attr("node_compiler_version_satisfies", node(X, Package), Compiler, Constraint),
-	 not compiler_version_satisfies(Compiler, Constraint, _).
+		 not compiler_version_satisfies(Compiler, Constraint, _).
 
-error(100, "Package {0} cannot satisfy '%{1}@{2}'", Package, Compiler, Constraint)
+error(100, "No valid version for '{0}' compiler '{1}' satisfies '@{2}'", Package, Compiler, Constraint)
   :- attr("node", node(X, Package)),
      attr("node_compiler_version_satisfies", node(X, Package), Compiler, Constraint),
      not compiler_version_satisfies(Compiler, Constraint, ID),
@@ -1534,7 +1496,7 @@ opt_criterion(45, "preferred providers (non-roots)").
 }.
 
 % Try to minimize the number of compiler mismatches in the DAG.
-opt_criterion(40, "compiler mismatches that are not required").
+opt_criterion(40, "compiler mismatches that are not from CLI").
 #minimize{ 0@240: #true }.
 #minimize{ 0@40: #true }.
 #minimize{
@@ -1544,7 +1506,7 @@ opt_criterion(40, "compiler mismatches that are not required").
       not runtime(Dependency)
 }.
 
-opt_criterion(39, "compiler mismatches that are required").
+opt_criterion(39, "compiler mismatches that are not from CLI").
 #minimize{ 0@239: #true }.
 #minimize{ 0@39: #true }.
 #minimize{

lib/spack/spack/solver/heuristic.lp

@@ -4,35 +4,21 @@
 % SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 %=============================================================================
-% Heuristic to speed-up solves
+% Heuristic to speed-up solves (node with ID 0)
 %=============================================================================
 
-% No duplicates by default (most of them will be true)
-#heuristic attr("node",         node(PackageID, Package)). [100, init]
-#heuristic attr("node",         node(PackageID, Package)). [  2, factor]
-#heuristic attr("virtual_node", node(VirtualID, Virtual)). [100, init]
-#heuristic attr("node",         node(1..X-1, Package)) : max_dupes(Package, X), not virtual(Package), X > 1. [-1, sign]
-#heuristic attr("virtual_node", node(1..X-1, Package)) : max_dupes(Package, X), virtual(Package)    , X > 1. [-1, sign]
 
-% Pick preferred version
-#heuristic attr("version", node(PackageID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, Weight)), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)).             [40, init]
-#heuristic version_weight(node(PackageID, Package), 0)        : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0     )), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)).             [ 1, sign]
-#heuristic attr("version", node(PackageID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0     )), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)).             [ 1, sign]
-#heuristic attr("version", node(PackageID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, Weight)), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)), Weight > 0. [-1, sign]
+%-----------------
+% Domain heuristic
+%-----------------
 
-% Use default variants
-#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(PackageID, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value),     attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)). [40, true]
-#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(PackageID, Package), Variant, Value) : not variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)). [40, false]
+% Root node
+#heuristic attr("version", node(0, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("root", node(0, Package)). [35, true]
+#heuristic version_weight(node(0, Package), 0) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("root", node(0, Package)). [35, true]
+#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(0, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("root", node(0, Package)). [35, true]
+#heuristic attr("node_target", node(0, Package), Target) : target_weight(Target, 0), attr("root", node(0, Package)). [35, true]
+#heuristic node_target_weight(node(0, Package), 0) : attr("root", node(0, Package)). [35, true]
+#heuristic node_compiler(node(0, Package), CompilerID) : compiler_weight(ID, 0), compiler_id(ID), attr("root", node(0, Package)). [35, true]
 
-% Use default operating system and platform
-#heuristic attr("node_os", node(PackageID, Package), OS) : os(OS, 0), attr("root", node(PackageID, Package)). [40, true]
-#heuristic attr("node_platform", node(PackageID, Package), Platform) : allowed_platform(Platform), attr("root", node(PackageID, Package)). [40, true]
-
-% Use default targets
-#heuristic attr("node_target", node(PackageID, Package), Target) : target_weight(Target, Weight), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)). [30, init]
-#heuristic attr("node_target", node(PackageID, Package), Target) : target_weight(Target, Weight), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)). [ 2, factor]
-#heuristic attr("node_target", node(PackageID, Package), Target) : target_weight(Target,      0), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)). [ 1, sign]
-#heuristic attr("node_target", node(PackageID, Package), Target) : target_weight(Target, Weight), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)), Weight > 0. [-1, sign]
-
-% Use the default compilers
-#heuristic node_compiler(node(PackageID, Package), ID) : compiler_weight(ID, 0), compiler_id(ID), attr("node", node(PackageID, Package)). [30, init]
+% Providers
+#heuristic attr("node", node(0, Package)) : default_provider_preference(Virtual, Package, 0), possible_in_link_run(Package). [30, true]

lib/spack/spack/solver/heuristic_separate.lp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+% Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
+% Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
+%
+% SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+
+%=============================================================================
+% Heuristic to speed-up solves (node with ID > 0)
+%=============================================================================
+
+% node(ID, _)
+#heuristic attr("version", node(ID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic version_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic attr("node_target", node(ID, Package), Target) : pkg_fact(Package, target_weight(Target, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic node_target_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+#heuristic node_compiler(node(ID, Package), CompilerID) : compiler_weight(CompilerID, 0), compiler_id(CompilerID), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), ID > 0. [25-5*ID, true]
+
+% node(ID, _), split build dependencies
+#heuristic attr("version", node(ID, Package), Version) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic version_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : pkg_fact(Package, version_declared(Version, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic attr("variant_value", node(ID, Package), Variant, Value) : variant_default_value(Package, Variant, Value), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic attr("node_target", node(ID, Package), Target) : pkg_fact(Package, target_weight(Target, 0)), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic node_target_weight(node(ID, Package), 0) : attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]
+#heuristic node_compiler(node(ID, Package), CompilerID) : compiler_weight(CompilerID, 0), compiler_id(CompilerID), attr("node", node(ID, Package)), multiple_unification_sets(Package), ID > 0. [25, true]

lib/spack/spack/solver/libc_compatibility.lp

@@ -18,15 +18,26 @@ error(100, "Cannot reuse {0} since we cannot determine libc compatibility", Reus
      ReusedPackage != LibcPackage,
      not attr("compatible_libc", node(R, ReusedPackage), LibcPackage, LibcVersion).
 
+% Check whether the DAG has any built package
+has_built_packages() :- build(X), not external(X).
+
 % A libc is needed in the DAG
 :- has_built_packages(), not provider(_, node(0, "libc")).
 
-% The libc must be chosen among available ones
+% Non-libc reused specs must be host libc compatible. In case we build packages, we get a
+% host compatible libc provider from other rules. If nothing is built, there is no libc provider,
+% since it's pruned from reusable specs, meaning we have to explicitly impose reused specs are host
+% compatible.
+:- attr("hash", node(R, ReusedPackage), Hash),
+   not provider(node(R, ReusedPackage), node(0, "libc")),
+   not attr("compatible_libc", node(R, ReusedPackage), _, _).
+
+% The libc provider must be one that a compiler can target
 :- has_built_packages(),
    provider(node(X, LibcPackage), node(0, "libc")),
    attr("node", node(X, LibcPackage)),
    attr("version", node(X, LibcPackage), LibcVersion),
-   not allowed_libc(LibcPackage, LibcVersion).
+   not host_libc(LibcPackage, LibcVersion).
 
 % A built node must depend on libc
 :- build(PackageNode),

lib/spack/spack/solver/os_compatibility.lp

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 %=============================================================================
 
 % macOS
-os_compatible("sequoia", "sonoma").
 os_compatible("sonoma", "ventura").
 os_compatible("ventura", "monterey").
 os_compatible("monterey", "bigsur").

lib/spack/spack/spec.py

@@ -1454,7 +1454,9 @@ def _get_dependency(self, name):
             raise spack.error.SpecError(err_msg.format(name, len(deps)))
         return deps[0]
 
-    def edges_from_dependents(self, name=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL):
+    def edges_from_dependents(
+        self, name=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL
+    ) -> List[DependencySpec]:
         """Return a list of edges connecting this node in the DAG
         to parents.
 
@@ -1464,7 +1466,9 @@ def edges_from_dependents(self, name=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL):
         """
         return [d for d in self._dependents.select(parent=name, depflag=depflag)]
 
-    def edges_to_dependencies(self, name=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL):
+    def edges_to_dependencies(
+        self, name=None, depflag: dt.DepFlag = dt.ALL
+    ) -> List[DependencySpec]:
         """Return a list of edges connecting this node in the DAG
         to children.
 
@@ -2045,18 +2049,6 @@ def to_node_dict(self, hash=ht.dag_hash):
         if params:
             d["parameters"] = params
 
-        if params and not self.concrete:
-            flag_names = [
-                name
-                for name, flags in self.compiler_flags.items()
-                if any(x.propagate for x in flags)
-            ]
-            d["propagate"] = sorted(
-                itertools.chain(
-                    [v.name for v in self.variants.values() if v.propagate], flag_names
-                )
-            )
-
         if self.external:
             d["external"] = syaml.syaml_dict(
                 [
@@ -2229,10 +2221,16 @@ def node_dict_with_hashes(self, hash=ht.dag_hash):
         spec is concrete, the full hash is added as well.  If 'build' is in
         the hash_type, the build hash is also added."""
         node = self.to_node_dict(hash)
-        # All specs have at least a DAG hash
         node[ht.dag_hash.name] = self.dag_hash()
 
-        if not self.concrete:
+        # dag_hash is lazily computed -- but if we write a spec out, we want it
+        # to be included. This is effectively the last chance we get to compute
+        # it accurately.
+        if self.concrete:
+            # all specs have at least a DAG hash
+            node[ht.dag_hash.name] = self.dag_hash()
+
+        else:
             node["concrete"] = False
 
         # we can also give them other hash types if we want
@@ -2822,9 +2820,7 @@ def _old_concretize(self, tests=False, deprecation_warning=True):
 
         # Check if we can produce an optimized binary (will throw if
         # there are declared inconsistencies)
-        # No need on platform=cray because of the targeting modules
-        if not self.satisfies("platform=cray"):
-            self.architecture.target.optimization_flags(self.compiler)
+        self.architecture.target.optimization_flags(self.compiler)
 
     def _patches_assigned(self):
         """Whether patches have been assigned to this spec by the concretizer."""
@@ -4170,21 +4166,29 @@ def __getitem__(self, name: str):
             csv = query_parameters.pop().strip()
             query_parameters = re.split(r"\s*,\s*", csv)
 
+        # In some cases a package appears multiple times in the same DAG for *distinct*
+        # specs. For example, a build-type dependency may itself depend on a package
+        # the current spec depends on, but their specs may differ. Therefore we iterate
+        # in an order here that prioritizes the build, test and runtime dependencies;
+        # only when we don't find the package do we consider the full DAG.
         order = lambda: itertools.chain(
-            self.traverse_edges(deptype=dt.LINK, order="breadth", cover="edges"),
-            self.edges_to_dependencies(depflag=dt.BUILD | dt.RUN | dt.TEST),
-            self.traverse_edges(deptype=dt.ALL, order="breadth", cover="edges"),
+            self.traverse(deptype="link"),
+            self.dependencies(deptype=dt.BUILD | dt.RUN | dt.TEST),
+            self.traverse(),  # fall back to a full search
         )
 
-        # Consider runtime dependencies and direct build/test deps before transitive dependencies,
-        # and prefer matches closest to the root.
         try:
             child: Spec = next(
-                e.spec
-                for e in itertools.chain(
-                    (e for e in order() if e.spec.name == name or name in e.virtuals),
-                    # for historical reasons
-                    (e for e in order() if e.spec.concrete and e.spec.package.provides(name)),
+                itertools.chain(
+                    # Regular specs
+                    (x for x in order() if x.name == name),
+                    (
+                        x
+                        for x in order()
+                        if (not x.virtual)
+                        and any(name in edge.virtuals for edge in x.edges_from_dependents())
+                    ),
+                    (x for x in order() if (not x.virtual) and x.package.provides(name)),
                 )
             )
         except StopIteration:
@@ -4426,12 +4430,9 @@ def format_attribute(match_object: Match) -> str:
                 if part.startswith("_"):
                     raise SpecFormatStringError("Attempted to format private attribute")
                 else:
-                    if isinstance(current, vt.VariantMap):
+                    if part == "variants" and isinstance(current, vt.VariantMap):
                         # subscript instead of getattr for variant names
-                        try:
-                            current = current[part]
-                        except KeyError:
-                            raise SpecFormatStringError(f"Variant '{part}' does not exist")
+                        current = current[part]
                     else:
                         # aliases
                         if part == "arch":
@@ -5005,17 +5006,13 @@ def from_node_dict(cls, node):
         else:
             spec.compiler = None
 
-        propagated_names = node.get("propagate", [])
         for name, values in node.get("parameters", {}).items():
-            propagate = name in propagated_names
             if name in _valid_compiler_flags:
                 spec.compiler_flags[name] = []
                 for val in values:
-                    spec.compiler_flags.add_flag(name, val, propagate)
+                    spec.compiler_flags.add_flag(name, val, False)
             else:
-                spec.variants[name] = vt.MultiValuedVariant.from_node_dict(
-                    name, values, propagate=propagate
-                )
+                spec.variants[name] = vt.MultiValuedVariant.from_node_dict(name, values)
 
         spec.external_path = None
         spec.external_modules = None

lib/spack/spack/stage.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 import stat
 import sys
 import tempfile
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, Optional, Set
 
 import llnl.string
 import llnl.util.lang
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
 import spack.resource
 import spack.spec
 import spack.stage
-import spack.util.crypto
 import spack.util.lock
 import spack.util.path as sup
 import spack.util.pattern as pattern
@@ -347,6 +346,8 @@ class Stage(LockableStagingDir):
     similar, and are intended to persist for only one run of spack.
     """
 
+    #: Most staging is managed by Spack. DIYStage is one exception.
+    needs_fetching = True
     requires_patch_success = True
 
     def __init__(
@@ -535,29 +536,32 @@ def generate_fetchers():
                 for fetcher in dynamic_fetchers:
                     yield fetcher
 
-        errors: List[str] = []
+        def print_errors(errors):
+            for msg in errors:
+                tty.debug(msg)
+
+        errors = []
         for fetcher in generate_fetchers():
             try:
                 fetcher.stage = self
                 self.fetcher = fetcher
                 self.fetcher.fetch()
                 break
-            except fs.NoCacheError:
+            except spack.fetch_strategy.NoCacheError:
                 # Don't bother reporting when something is not cached.
                 continue
-            except fs.FailedDownloadError as f:
-                errors.extend(f"{fetcher}: {e.__class__.__name__}: {e}" for e in f.exceptions)
-                continue
             except spack.error.SpackError as e:
-                errors.append(f"{fetcher}: {e.__class__.__name__}: {e}")
+                errors.append("Fetching from {0} failed.".format(fetcher))
+                tty.debug(e)
                 continue
         else:
+            print_errors(errors)
+
             self.fetcher = self.default_fetcher
-            if err_msg:
-                raise spack.error.FetchError(err_msg)
-            raise spack.error.FetchError(
-                f"All fetchers failed for {self.name}", "\n".join(f"    {e}" for e in errors)
-            )
+            default_msg = "All fetchers failed for {0}".format(self.name)
+            raise spack.error.FetchError(err_msg or default_msg, None)
+
+        print_errors(errors)
 
     def steal_source(self, dest):
         """Copy the source_path directory in its entirety to directory dest
@@ -768,6 +772,8 @@ def __init__(self):
                 "cache_mirror",
                 "steal_source",
                 "disable_mirrors",
+                "needs_fetching",
+                "requires_patch_success",
             ]
         )
 
@@ -806,10 +812,6 @@ def path(self):
     def archive_file(self):
         return self[0].archive_file
 
-    @property
-    def requires_patch_success(self):
-        return self[0].requires_patch_success
-
     @property
     def keep(self):
         return self[0].keep
@@ -820,7 +822,64 @@ def keep(self, value):
             item.keep = value
 
 
+class DIYStage:
+    """
+    Simple class that allows any directory to be a spack stage.  Consequently,
+    it does not expect or require that the source path adhere to the standard
+    directory naming convention.
+    """
+
+    needs_fetching = False
+    requires_patch_success = False
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        if path is None:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot construct DIYStage without a path.")
+        elif not os.path.isdir(path):
+            raise StagePathError("The stage path directory does not exist:", path)
+
+        self.archive_file = None
+        self.path = path
+        self.source_path = path
+        self.created = True
+
+    # DIY stages do nothing as context managers.
+    def __enter__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        pass
+
+    def fetch(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        tty.debug("No need to fetch for DIY.")
+
+    def check(self):
+        tty.debug("No checksum needed for DIY.")
+
+    def expand_archive(self):
+        tty.debug("Using source directory: {0}".format(self.source_path))
+
+    @property
+    def expanded(self):
+        """Returns True since the source_path must exist."""
+        return True
+
+    def restage(self):
+        raise RestageError("Cannot restage a DIY stage.")
+
+    def create(self):
+        self.created = True
+
+    def destroy(self):
+        # No need to destroy DIY stage.
+        pass
+
+    def cache_local(self):
+        tty.debug("Sources for DIY stages are not cached")
+
+
 class DevelopStage(LockableStagingDir):
+    needs_fetching = False
     requires_patch_success = False
 
     def __init__(self, name, dev_path, reference_link):
@@ -1186,7 +1245,7 @@ def _fetch_and_checksum(url, options, keep_stage, action_fn=None):
             # Checksum the archive and add it to the list
             checksum = spack.util.crypto.checksum(hashlib.sha256, stage.archive_file)
         return checksum, None
-    except fs.FailedDownloadError:
+    except FailedDownloadError:
         return None, f"[WORKER] Failed to fetch {url}"
     except Exception as e:
         return None, f"[WORKER] Something failed on {url}, skipping.  ({e})"
@@ -1206,3 +1265,7 @@ class RestageError(StageError):
 
 class VersionFetchError(StageError):
     """Raised when we can't determine a URL to fetch a package."""
+
+
+# Keep this in namespace for convenience
+FailedDownloadError = fs.FailedDownloadError

lib/spack/spack/store.py

@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ def use_store(
         data.update(extra_data)
 
     # Swap the store with the one just constructed and return it
+    ensure_singleton_created()
     spack.config.CONFIG.push_scope(
         spack.config.InternalConfigScope(name=scope_name, data={"config": {"install_tree": data}})
     )

lib/spack/spack/test/architecture.py

@@ -2,16 +2,12 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-import os
 import platform
-import sys
 
 import pytest
 
 import archspec.cpu
 
-import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
-
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.concretize
 import spack.operating_systems
@@ -25,9 +21,8 @@ def current_host_platform():
     """Return the platform of the current host as detected by the
     'platform' stdlib package.
     """
-    if os.path.exists("/opt/cray/pe"):
-        current_platform = spack.platforms.Cray()
-    elif "Linux" in platform.system():
+    current_platform = None
+    if "Linux" in platform.system():
         current_platform = spack.platforms.Linux()
     elif "Darwin" in platform.system():
         current_platform = spack.platforms.Darwin()
@@ -218,34 +213,7 @@ def test_satisfy_strict_constraint_when_not_concrete(architecture_tuple, constra
     str(archspec.cpu.host().family) != "x86_64", reason="tests are for x86_64 uarch ranges"
 )
 def test_concretize_target_ranges(root_target_range, dep_target_range, result, monkeypatch):
-    spec = Spec(
-        f"pkg-a %gcc@10 foobar=bar target={root_target_range} ^pkg-b target={dep_target_range}"
-    )
+    spec = Spec(f"a %gcc@10 foobar=bar target={root_target_range} ^b target={dep_target_range}")
     with spack.concretize.disable_compiler_existence_check():
         spec.concretize()
-    assert spec.target == spec["pkg-b"].target == result
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "versions,default,expected",
-    [
-        (["21.11", "21.9"], "21.11", False),
-        (["21.11", "21.9"], "21.9", True),
-        (["21.11", "21.9"], None, False),
-    ],
-)
-@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Cray does not use windows")
-def test_cray_platform_detection(versions, default, expected, tmpdir, monkeypatch, working_env):
-    ex_path = str(tmpdir.join("fake_craype_dir"))
-    fs.mkdirp(ex_path)
-
-    with fs.working_dir(ex_path):
-        for version in versions:
-            fs.touch(version)
-        if default:
-            os.symlink(default, "default")
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(spack.platforms.cray, "_ex_craype_dir", ex_path)
-    os.environ["MODULEPATH"] = "/opt/cray/pe"
-
-    assert spack.platforms.cray.Cray.detect() == expected
+    assert spec.target == spec["b"].target == result

lib/spack/spack/test/audit.py

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
         (["missing-dependency"], ["PKG-DIRECTIVES", "PKG-PROPERTIES"]),
         # The package use a non existing variant in a depends_on directive
         (["wrong-variant-in-depends-on"], ["PKG-DIRECTIVES", "PKG-PROPERTIES"]),
+        # This package has a GitHub pull request commit patch URL
+        (["invalid-github-pull-commits-patch-url"], ["PKG-DIRECTIVES", "PKG-PROPERTIES"]),
         # This package has a GitHub patch URL without full_index=1
         (["invalid-github-patch-url"], ["PKG-DIRECTIVES", "PKG-PROPERTIES"]),
         # This package has invalid GitLab patch URLs

lib/spack/spack/test/bootstrap.py

@@ -228,25 +228,3 @@ def test_source_is_disabled(mutable_config):
     spack.config.add("bootstrap:trusted:{0}:{1}".format(conf["name"], False))
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         spack.bootstrap.core.source_is_enabled_or_raise(conf)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.regression("45247")
-def test_use_store_does_not_try_writing_outside_root(tmp_path, monkeypatch, mutable_config):
-    """Tests that when we use the 'use_store' context manager, there is no attempt at creating
-    a Store outside the given root.
-    """
-    initial_store = mutable_config.get("config:install_tree:root")
-    user_store = tmp_path / "store"
-
-    fn = spack.store.Store.__init__
-
-    def _checked_init(self, root, *args, **kwargs):
-        fn(self, root, *args, **kwargs)
-        assert self.root == str(user_store)
-
-    monkeypatch.setattr(spack.store.Store, "__init__", _checked_init)
-
-    spack.store.reinitialize()
-    with spack.store.use_store(user_store):
-        assert spack.config.CONFIG.get("config:install_tree:root") == str(user_store)
-    assert spack.config.CONFIG.get("config:install_tree:root") == initial_store

lib/spack/spack/test/build_environment.py

@@ -457,14 +457,14 @@ def test_parallel_false_is_not_propagating(default_mock_concretization):
     # a foobar=bar (parallel = False)
     # |
     # b (parallel =True)
-    s = default_mock_concretization("pkg-a foobar=bar")
+    s = default_mock_concretization("a foobar=bar")
 
     spack.build_environment.set_package_py_globals(s.package, context=Context.BUILD)
-    assert s["pkg-a"].package.module.make_jobs == 1
+    assert s["a"].package.module.make_jobs == 1
 
-    spack.build_environment.set_package_py_globals(s["pkg-b"].package, context=Context.BUILD)
-    assert s["pkg-b"].package.module.make_jobs == spack.build_environment.determine_number_of_jobs(
-        parallel=s["pkg-b"].package.parallel
+    spack.build_environment.set_package_py_globals(s["b"].package, context=Context.BUILD)
+    assert s["b"].package.module.make_jobs == spack.build_environment.determine_number_of_jobs(
+        parallel=s["b"].package.parallel
     )
 
 
@@ -556,24 +556,6 @@ def test_build_jobs_defaults():
     )
 
 
-def test_dirty_disable_module_unload(config, mock_packages, working_env, mock_module_cmd):
-    """Test that on CRAY platform 'module unload' is not called if the 'dirty'
-    option is on.
-    """
-    s = spack.spec.Spec("pkg-a").concretized()
-
-    # If called with "dirty" we don't unload modules, so no calls to the
-    # `module` function on Cray
-    spack.build_environment.setup_package(s.package, dirty=True)
-    assert not mock_module_cmd.calls
-
-    # If called without "dirty" we unload modules on Cray
-    spack.build_environment.setup_package(s.package, dirty=False)
-    assert mock_module_cmd.calls
-    assert any(("unload", "cray-libsci") == item[0] for item in mock_module_cmd.calls)
-    assert any(("unload", "cray-mpich") == item[0] for item in mock_module_cmd.calls)
-
-
 class TestModuleMonkeyPatcher:
     def test_getting_attributes(self, default_mock_concretization):
         s = default_mock_concretization("libelf")

lib/spack/spack/test/build_systems.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def test_negative_ninja_check(self, input_dir, test_dir, concretize_and_setup):
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("config", "mock_packages")
 class TestAutotoolsPackage:
     def test_with_or_without(self, default_mock_concretization):
-        s = default_mock_concretization("pkg-a")
+        s = default_mock_concretization("a")
         options = s.package.with_or_without("foo")
 
         # Ensure that values that are not representing a feature
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def activate(value):
         assert "--without-lorem-ipsum" in options
 
     def test_none_is_allowed(self, default_mock_concretization):
-        s = default_mock_concretization("pkg-a foo=none")
+        s = default_mock_concretization("a foo=none")
         options = s.package.with_or_without("foo")
 
         # Ensure that values that are not representing a feature

lib/spack/spack/test/cmd/ci.py

@@ -106,24 +106,24 @@ def test_specs_staging(config, tmpdir):
 
 """
     builder = repo.MockRepositoryBuilder(tmpdir)
-    builder.add_package("pkg-g")
-    builder.add_package("pkg-f")
-    builder.add_package("pkg-e")
-    builder.add_package("pkg-d", dependencies=[("pkg-f", None, None), ("pkg-g", None, None)])
-    builder.add_package("pkg-c")
-    builder.add_package("pkg-b", dependencies=[("pkg-d", None, None), ("pkg-e", None, None)])
-    builder.add_package("pkg-a", dependencies=[("pkg-b", None, None), ("pkg-c", None, None)])
+    builder.add_package("g")
+    builder.add_package("f")
+    builder.add_package("e")
+    builder.add_package("d", dependencies=[("f", None, None), ("g", None, None)])
+    builder.add_package("c")
+    builder.add_package("b", dependencies=[("d", None, None), ("e", None, None)])
+    builder.add_package("a", dependencies=[("b", None, None), ("c", None, None)])
 
     with repo.use_repositories(builder.root):
-        spec_a = Spec("pkg-a").concretized()
+        spec_a = Spec("a").concretized()
 
         spec_a_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a)
-        spec_b_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["pkg-b"])
-        spec_c_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["pkg-c"])
-        spec_d_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["pkg-d"])
-        spec_e_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["pkg-e"])
-        spec_f_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["pkg-f"])
-        spec_g_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["pkg-g"])
+        spec_b_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["b"])
+        spec_c_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["c"])
+        spec_d_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["d"])
+        spec_e_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["e"])
+        spec_f_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["f"])
+        spec_g_label = ci._spec_ci_label(spec_a["g"])
 
         spec_labels, dependencies, stages = ci.stage_spec_jobs([spec_a])
 
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ def test_ci_generate_override_runner_attrs(
 spack:
   specs:
     - flatten-deps
-    - pkg-a
+    - a
   mirrors:
     some-mirror: https://my.fake.mirror
   ci:
@@ -1307,12 +1307,12 @@ def test_ci_generate_override_runner_attrs(
         - match:
             - dependency-install
         - match:
-            - pkg-a
+            - a
           build-job:
             tags:
               - specific-a-2
         - match:
-            - pkg-a
+            - a
           build-job-remove:
             tags:
               - toplevel2
@@ -1372,8 +1372,8 @@ def test_ci_generate_override_runner_attrs(
             assert global_vars["SPACK_CHECKOUT_VERSION"] == git_version or "v0.20.0.test0"
 
             for ci_key in yaml_contents.keys():
-                if ci_key.startswith("pkg-a"):
-                    # Make sure pkg-a's attributes override variables, and all the
+                if ci_key.startswith("a"):
+                    # Make sure a's attributes override variables, and all the
                     # scripts.  Also, make sure the 'toplevel' tag doesn't
                     # appear twice, but that a's specific extra tag does appear
                     the_elt = yaml_contents[ci_key]
@@ -1830,7 +1830,7 @@ def test_ci_generate_read_broken_specs_url(
     tmpdir, mutable_mock_env_path, install_mockery, mock_packages, monkeypatch, ci_base_environment
 ):
     """Verify that `broken-specs-url` works as intended"""
-    spec_a = Spec("pkg-a")
+    spec_a = Spec("a")
     spec_a.concretize()
     a_dag_hash = spec_a.dag_hash()
 
@@ -1856,7 +1856,7 @@ def test_ci_generate_read_broken_specs_url(
 spack:
   specs:
     - flatten-deps
-    - pkg-a
+    - a
   mirrors:
     some-mirror: https://my.fake.mirror
   ci:
@@ -1864,9 +1864,9 @@ def test_ci_generate_read_broken_specs_url(
     pipeline-gen:
     - submapping:
       - match:
-          - pkg-a
+          - a
           - flatten-deps
-          - pkg-b
+          - b
           - dependency-install
         build-job:
           tags: