simpler spack bootstrap remove args...

.github/workflows/audit.yaml

@@ -17,30 +17,20 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   # Run audits on all the packages in the built-in repository
   package-audits:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.system.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.operating_system }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        system:
-        - { os: windows-latest, shell: 'powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}' }
-        - { os: ubuntu-latest, shell: bash }
-        - { os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: ${{ matrix.system.shell }}
+        operating_system: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
       with:
         python-version: ${{inputs.python_version}}
     - name: Install Python packages
       run: |
         pip install --upgrade pip setuptools pytest coverage[toml]
-    - name: Setup for Windows run
-      if: runner.os == 'Windows'
-      run: |
-        python -m pip install --upgrade pywin32
     - name: Package audits (with coverage)
-      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
+      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
       run: |
           . share/spack/setup-env.sh
           coverage run $(which spack) audit packages
@@ -48,20 +38,12 @@ jobs:
           coverage combine
           coverage xml
     - name: Package audits (without coverage)
-      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'false' && runner.os != 'Windows' }}
+      if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'false' }}
       run: |
           . share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack -d audit packages
-          spack -d audit externals
-    - name: Package audits (without coverage)
-      if: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' }}
-      run: |
-          . share/spack/setup-env.sh          
-          spack -d audit packages
-          ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-          spack -d audit externals
-          ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+          $(which spack) audit packages
+          $(which spack) audit externals
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@84508663e988701840491b86de86b666e8a86bed
       if: ${{ inputs.with_coverage == 'true' }}
       with:
         flags: unittests,audits

.github/workflows/bootstrap-test.sh

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-set -e
+set -ex
 source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-$PYTHON bin/spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
 $PYTHON bin/spack bootstrap disable spack-install
-$PYTHON bin/spack $SPACK_FLAGS solve zlib
+$PYTHON bin/spack -d solve zlib
 tree $BOOTSTRAP/store
 exit 0

.github/workflows/bootstrap.yml

@@ -13,22 +13,118 @@ concurrency:
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
 jobs:
-  distros-clingo-sources:
+  fedora-clingo-sources:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container: ${{ matrix.image }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        image: ["fedora:latest", "opensuse/leap:latest"]
+    container: "fedora:latest"
     steps:
-      - name: Setup Fedora
-        if: ${{ matrix.image == 'fedora:latest' }}
+      - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           dnf install -y \
-              bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gzip \
+              bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison bison-devel libstdc++-static
-      - name: Setup OpenSUSE
-        if: ${{ matrix.image == 'opensuse/leap:latest' }}
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup non-root user
+        run: |
+          # See [1] below
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
+          useradd spack-test && mkdir -p ~spack-test
+          chown -R spack-test . ~spack-test
+      - name: Setup repo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          git --version
+          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
+      - name: Bootstrap clingo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack external find cmake bison
+          spack -d solve zlib
+          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
+
+  ubuntu-clingo-sources:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: "ubuntu:latest"
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        env:
+          DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
+        run: |
+          apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y
+          apt-get install -y \
+              bzip2 curl file g++ gcc gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
+              make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
+              cmake bison
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup non-root user
+        run: |
+          # See [1] below
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
+          useradd spack-test && mkdir -p ~spack-test
+          chown -R spack-test . ~spack-test
+      - name: Setup repo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          git --version
+          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
+      - name: Bootstrap clingo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack external find cmake bison
+          spack -d solve zlib
+          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
+
+  ubuntu-clingo-binaries-and-patchelf:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: "ubuntu:latest"
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        env:
+          DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
+        run: |
+          apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y
+          apt-get install -y \
+              bzip2 curl file g++ gcc gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
+              make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup non-root user
+        run: |
+          # See [1] below
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
+          useradd spack-test && mkdir -p ~spack-test
+          chown -R spack-test . ~spack-test
+      - name: Setup repo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          git --version
+          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
+      - name: Bootstrap clingo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack -d solve zlib
+          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
+
+  opensuse-clingo-sources:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: "opensuse/leap:latest"
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           # Harden CI by applying the workaround described here: https://www.suse.com/support/kb/doc/?id=000019505
           zypper update -y || zypper update -y
@@ -37,9 +133,15 @@ jobs:
               make patch unzip which xz python3 python3-devel tree \
               cmake bison
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup repo
+        run: |
+          # See [1] below
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
+          git --version
+          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
@@ -49,98 +151,77 @@ jobs:
           spack -d solve zlib
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
 
-  clingo-sources:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        runner: ['macos-13', 'macos-14', "ubuntu-latest"]
+  macos-clingo-sources:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Setup macOS
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+      - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
-          brew install cmake bison tree
+          brew install cmake bison@2.7 tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          export PATH=/usr/local/opt/bison@2.7/bin:$PATH
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
           spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
           spack external find --not-buildable cmake bison
           spack -d solve zlib
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
 
-  gnupg-sources:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+  macos-clingo-binaries:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.macos-version }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        runner: [ 'macos-13', 'macos-14', "ubuntu-latest" ]
+        macos-version: ['macos-11', 'macos-12']
     steps:
-      - name: Setup macOS
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: brew install tree gawk
-      - name: Remove system executables
+      - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
-          while [ -n "$(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)" ]; do
-            sudo rm $(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)
-          done
+          brew install tree
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
-        run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack solve zlib
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
-          spack -d gpg list
-          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
-
-  from-binaries:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        runner: ['macos-13', 'macos-14', "ubuntu-latest"]
-    steps:
-      - name: Setup macOS
-        if: ${{ matrix.runner != 'ubuntu-latest' }}
-        run: brew install tree
-      - name: Remove system executables
-        run: |
-          while [ -n "$(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)" ]; do
-            sudo rm $(command -v gpg gpg2 patchelf)
-          done
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
-        with:
-          python-version: |
-            3.8
-            3.9
-            3.10
-            3.11
-            3.12
-      - name: Set bootstrap sources
-        run: |
-          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
-          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
-          spack bootstrap disable spack-install
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       - name: Bootstrap clingo
         run: |
-          set -e
-          for ver in '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' '3.11' '3.12' ; do
+          set -ex
+          for ver in '3.7' '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' '3.11' ; do
             not_found=1
             ver_dir="$(find $RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE/Python -wholename "*/${ver}.*/*/bin" | grep . || true)"
-            if [[ -d "$ver_dir" ]] ; then
             echo "Testing $ver_dir"
+            if [[ -d "$ver_dir" ]] ; then
+              if $ver_dir/python --version ; then
+                export PYTHON="$ver_dir/python"
+                not_found=0
+                old_path="$PATH"
+                export PATH="$ver_dir:$PATH"
+                ./bin/spack-tmpconfig -b ./.github/workflows/bootstrap-test.sh
+                export PATH="$old_path"
+              fi
+            fi
+            # NOTE: test all pythons that exist, not all do on 12
+          done
+
+  ubuntu-clingo-binaries:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup repo
+        run: |
+          git --version
+          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
+      - name: Bootstrap clingo
+        run: |
+          set -ex
+          for ver in '3.7' '3.8' '3.9' '3.10' '3.11' ; do
+            not_found=1
+            ver_dir="$(find $RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE/Python -wholename "*/${ver}.*/*/bin" | grep . || true)"
+            echo "Testing $ver_dir"
+            if [[ -d "$ver_dir" ]] ; then
               if $ver_dir/python --version ; then
                 export PYTHON="$ver_dir/python"
                 not_found=0
@@ -155,9 +236,122 @@ jobs:
               exit 1
             fi
           done
+
+  ubuntu-gnupg-binaries:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: "ubuntu:latest"
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        env:
+          DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
+        run: |
+          apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y
+          apt-get install -y \
+              bzip2 curl file g++ gcc patchelf gfortran git gzip \
+              make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup non-root user
+        run: |
+          # See [1] below
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
+          useradd spack-test && mkdir -p ~spack-test
+          chown -R spack-test . ~spack-test
+      - name: Setup repo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          git --version
+          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
       - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
         run: |
           source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable spack-install
           spack -d gpg list
           tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
 
+  ubuntu-gnupg-sources:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: "ubuntu:latest"
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        env:
+          DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
+        run: |
+          apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y
+          apt-get install -y \
+              bzip2 curl file g++ gcc patchelf gfortran git gzip \
+              make patch unzip xz-utils python3 python3-dev tree \
+              gawk
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup non-root user
+        run: |
+          # See [1] below
+          git config --global --add safe.directory /__w/spack/spack
+          useradd spack-test && mkdir -p ~spack-test
+          chown -R spack-test . ~spack-test
+      - name: Setup repo
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          git --version
+          . .github/workflows/setup_git.sh
+      - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
+        shell: runuser -u spack-test -- bash {0}
+        run: |
+          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack solve zlib
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack -d gpg list
+          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
+
+  macos-gnupg-binaries:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          brew install tree
+          # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+      - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
+        run: |
+          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack bootstrap disable spack-install
+          spack -d gpg list
+          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
+
+  macos-gnupg-sources:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          brew install gawk tree
+          # Remove GnuPG since we want to bootstrap it
+          sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gpg
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+      - name: Bootstrap GnuPG
+        run: |
+          source share/spack/setup-env.sh
+          spack solve zlib
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.5
+          spack bootstrap disable github-actions-v0.4
+          spack -d gpg list
+          tree ~/.spack/bootstrap/store/
+
+
+# [1] Distros that have patched git to resolve CVE-2022-24765 (e.g. Ubuntu patching v2.25.1)
+#     introduce breaking behaviorso we have to set `safe.directory` in gitconfig ourselves.
+#     See:
+#     - https://github.blog/2022-04-12-git-security-vulnerability-announced/
+#     - https://github.com/actions/checkout/issues/760
+#     - http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs/pool/main/g/git/git_2.25.1-1ubuntu3.3/changelog

.github/workflows/build-containers.yml

@@ -45,18 +45,19 @@ jobs:
                      [leap15, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'opensuse/leap:15'],
                      [ubuntu-focal, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:20.04'],
                      [ubuntu-jammy, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:22.04'],
-                     [ubuntu-noble, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'ubuntu:24.04'],
                      [almalinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:8'],
                      [almalinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'almalinux:9'],
                      [rockylinux8, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:8'],
                      [rockylinux9, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64', 'rockylinux:9'],
+                     [fedora37, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:37'],
+                     [fedora38, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:38'],
                      [fedora39, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:39'],
                      [fedora40, 'linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/ppc64le', 'fedora:40']]
     name: Build ${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
     if: github.repository == 'spack/spack'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+        uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
 
       - uses: docker/metadata-action@8e5442c4ef9f78752691e2d8f8d19755c6f78e81
         id: docker_meta
@@ -88,9 +89,9 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload Dockerfile
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@a8a3f3ad30e3422c9c7b888a15615d19a852ae32
         with:
-          name: dockerfiles_${{ matrix.dockerfile[0] }}
+          name: dockerfiles
           path: dockerfiles
 
       - name: Set up QEMU
@@ -121,14 +122,3 @@ jobs:
           push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
           tags: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.docker_meta.outputs.labels }}
-
-  merge-dockerfiles:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: deploy-images
-    steps:
-      - name: Merge Artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact/merge@65462800fd760344b1a7b4382951275a0abb4808
-        with:
-          name: dockerfiles
-          pattern: dockerfiles_*
-          delete-merged: true

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       core: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.core }}
       packages: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.packages }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
         if: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' }}
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
@@ -77,8 +77,13 @@ jobs:
     needs: [ prechecks, changes ]
     uses: ./.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml
     secrets: inherit
+  windows:
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spack/spack' && needs.changes.outputs.core == 'true' }}
+    needs: [ prechecks ]
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/windows_python.yml
+    secrets: inherit
   all:
-    needs: [ unit-tests, bootstrap ]
+    needs: [ windows, unit-tests, bootstrap ]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - name: Success

.github/workflows/nightly-win-builds.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
   build-paraview-deps:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d

.github/workflows/style/requirements.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-black==24.4.2
+black==24.4.0
 clingo==5.7.1
 flake8==7.0.0
 isort==5.13.2

.github/workflows/unit_tests.yaml

@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
         python-version: ['3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12']
         concretizer: ['clingo']
         on_develop:
         - ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         include:
         - python-version: '3.11'
-          os: ubuntu-20.04
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: original
           on_develop: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         - python-version: '3.6'
@@ -30,28 +30,28 @@ jobs:
           on_develop: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop' }}
         exclude:
         - python-version: '3.7'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.8'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.9'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.10'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
         - python-version: '3.11'
+          os: ubuntu-latest
           concretizer: 'clingo'
-          os: ubuntu-22.04
           on_develop: false
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -91,16 +91,16 @@ jobs:
           UNIT_TEST_COVERAGE: ${{ matrix.python-version == '3.11' }}
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@84508663e988701840491b86de86b666e8a86bed
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,${{ matrix.concretizer }}
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
         verbose: true
   # Test shell integration
   shell:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
           COVERAGE: true
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-shell-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@84508663e988701840491b86de86b666e8a86bed
       with:
         flags: shelltests,linux
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
     - name: Setup repo and non-root user
       run: |
           git --version
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ jobs:
           spack unit-test -k 'not cvs and not svn and not hg' -x --verbose
   # Test for the clingo based solver (using clingo-cffi)
   clingo-cffi:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ jobs:
           SPACK_TEST_SOLVER: clingo
       run: |
           share/spack/qa/run-unit-tests
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@84508663e988701840491b86de86b666e8a86bed
       with:
         flags: unittests,linux,clingo
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
@@ -195,10 +195,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [macos-13, macos-14]
+        os: [macos-latest, macos-14]
         python-version: ["3.11"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -223,39 +223,8 @@ jobs:
         $(which spack) solve zlib
         common_args=(--dist loadfile --tx '4*popen//python=./bin/spack-tmpconfig python -u ./bin/spack python' -x)
         $(which spack) unit-test --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --cov-report=xml:coverage.xml "${common_args[@]}"
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@5ecb98a3c6b747ed38dc09f787459979aebb39be
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@84508663e988701840491b86de86b666e8a86bed
       with:
         flags: unittests,macos
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
         verbose: true
-  # Run unit tests on Windows
-  windows:
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell:
-          powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@a5ac7e51b41094c92402da3b24376905380afc29
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
-      with:
-        python-version: 3.9
-    - name: Install Python packages
-      run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools pytest-cov clingo
-    - name: Create local develop
-      run: |
-        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
-    - name: Unit Test
-      run: |
-        spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml
-        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
-        coverage combine -a
-        coverage xml
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@125fc84a9a348dbcf27191600683ec096ec9021c
-      with:
-        flags: unittests,windows
-        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
-        verbose: true

.github/workflows/valid-style.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
   validate:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
       with:
         python-version: '3.11'
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
   style:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       with:
         fetch-depth: 0
     - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
           dnf install -y \
               bzip2 curl file gcc-c++ gcc gcc-gfortran git gnupg2 gzip \
               make patch tcl unzip which xz
-      - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
       - name: Setup repo and non-root user
         run: |
           git --version

.github/workflows/windows_python.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+name: windows
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: windows-${{github.ref}}-${{github.event.pull_request.number || github.run_number}}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell:
+     powershell Invoke-Expression -Command "./share/spack/qa/windows_test_setup.ps1"; {0}
+jobs:
+  unit-tests:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools pytest-cov clingo
+    - name: Create local develop
+      run: |
+        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
+    - name: Unit Test
+      run: |
+        spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml --ignore=lib/spack/spack/test/cmd
+        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
+        coverage combine -a
+        coverage xml
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@84508663e988701840491b86de86b666e8a86bed
+      with:
+        flags: unittests,windows
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        verbose: true
+  unit-tests-cmd:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools coverage pytest-cov clingo
+    - name: Create local develop
+      run: |
+        ./.github/workflows/setup_git.ps1
+    - name: Command Unit Test
+      run: |
+        spack unit-test -x --verbose --cov --cov-config=pyproject.toml lib/spack/spack/test/cmd
+        ./share/spack/qa/validate_last_exit.ps1
+        coverage combine -a
+        coverage xml
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@84508663e988701840491b86de86b666e8a86bed
+      with:
+        flags: unittests,windows
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        verbose: true
+  build-abseil:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633
+      with:
+        fetch-depth: 0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@82c7e631bb3cdc910f68e0081d67478d79c6982d
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.9
+    - name: Install Python packages
+      run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip pywin32 setuptools coverage
+    - name: Build Test
+      run: |
+        spack compiler find
+        spack -d external find cmake ninja
+        spack -d install abseil-cpp

.readthedocs.yml

@@ -14,26 +14,3 @@ sphinx:
 python:
   install:
     - requirements: lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt
-
-search:
-  ranking:
-    spack.html: -10
-    spack.*.html: -10
-    llnl.html: -10
-    llnl.*.html: -10
-    _modules/*: -10
-    command_index.html: -9
-    basic_usage.html: 5
-    configuration.html: 5
-    config_yaml.html: 5
-    packages_yaml.html: 5
-    build_settings.html: 5
-    environments.html: 5
-    containers.html: 5
-    mirrors.html: 5
-    module_file_support.html: 5
-    repositories.html: 5
-    binary_caches.html: 5
-    chain.html: 5
-    pipelines.html: 5
-    packaging_guide.html: 5

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,466 +1,3 @@
-# v0.22.4 (2025-02-18)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Continue to mark non-roots as implicitly installed on partial env installs (#47183)
-
-# v0.22.3 (2024-11-18)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Forward compatibility with Python 3.13 (#46775, #46983, #47035, #47175)
-- `archspec` was updated to v0.2.5 (#46503, #46958)
-- Fix path to Spack in `spack env depfile` makefile (#46966)
-- Fix `glibc` detection in Chinese locales (#47434)
-- Fix pickle round-trip of specs propagating variants (#47351)
-- Fix a bug where concurrent spack install commands would not always update explicits correctly
-  (#47358)
-- Fix a bug where autopush would run before all post install hooks modifying the install prefix
-  had run (#47329)
-- Fix `spack find -u` (#47102)
-- Fix a bug where sometimes the wrong Python interpreter was used for build dependencies such as
-  `py-setuptools` (#46980)
-- Fix default config errors found by `spack audit externals` (#47308)
-- Fix duplicate printing of external roots in installer (#44917)
-- Fix modules schema in `compilers.yaml` (#47197)
-- Reduce the size of generated YAML for Gitlab CI (#44995)
-- Handle missing metadata file gracefully in bootstrap (#47278)
-- Show underlying errors on fetch failure (#45714)
-- Recognize `.` and `..` as paths instead of names in buildcache commands (#47105)
-- Documentation and style (#46991, #47107, #47110, #47111, #47346, #47307, #47309, #47328, #47160,
-  #47402, #47557, #46709, #47080)
-- Tests and CI fixes (#47165, #46711)
-
-## Package updates
-- ffmpeg: fix hash of patch (#45574)
-
-# v0.22.2 (2024-09-21)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Forward compatibility with Spack 0.23 packages with language dependencies (#45205, #45191)
-- Forward compatibility with `urllib` from Python 3.12.6+ (#46453, #46483)
-- Bump vendored `archspec` for better aarch64 support (#45721, #46445)
-- Support macOS Sequoia (#45018, #45127)
-- Fix regression in `{variants.X}` and `{variants.X.value}` format strings (#46206)
-- Ensure shell escaping of environment variable values in load and activate commands (#42780)
-- Fix an issue where `spec[pkg]` considers specs outside the current DAG (#45090)
-- Do not halt concretization on unknown variants in externals (#45326)
-- Improve validation of `develop` config section (#46485)
-- Explicitly disable `ccache` if turned off in config, to avoid cache pollution (#45275)
-- Improve backwards compatibility in `include_concrete` (#45766)
-- Fix issue where package tags were sometimes repeated (#45160)
-- Make `setup-env.sh` "sourced only" by dropping execution bits (#45641)
-- Make certain source/binary fetch errors recoverable instead of a hard error (#45683)
-- Remove debug statements in package hash computation (#45235)
-- Remove redundant clingo warnings (#45269)
-- Remove hard-coded layout version (#45645)
-- Do not initialize previous store state in `use_store` (#45268)
-- Docs improvements (#46475)
-
-## Package updates
-- `chapel` major update (#42197, #44931, #45304)
-
-# v0.22.1 (2024-07-04)
-
-## Bugfixes
-- Fix reuse of externals on Linux (#44316)
-- Ensure parent gcc-runtime version >= child (#44834, #44870)
-- Ensure the latest gcc-runtime is rpath'ed when multiple exist among link deps (#44219)
-- Improve version detection of glibc (#44154)
-- Improve heuristics for solver (#44893, #44976, #45023)
-- Make strong preferences override reuse (#44373)
-- Reduce verbosity when C compiler is missing (#44182)
-- Make missing ccache executable an error when required (#44740)
-- Make every environment view containing `python` a `venv` (#44382)
-- Fix external detection for compilers with os but no target (#44156)
-- Fix version optimization for roots (#44272)
-- Handle common implementations of pagination of tags in OCI build caches (#43136)
-- Apply fetched patches to develop specs (#44950)
-- Avoid Windows wrappers for filesystem utilities on non-Windows (#44126)
-- Fix issue with long filenames in build caches on Windows (#43851)
-- Fix formatting issue in `spack audit` (#45045)
-- CI fixes (#44582, #43965, #43967, #44279, #44213)
-
-## Package updates
-- protobuf: fix 3.4:3.21 patch checksum (#44443)
-- protobuf: update hash for patch needed when="@3.4:3.21" (#44210)
-- git: bump v2.39 to 2.45; deprecate unsafe versions (#44248)
-- gcc: use -rpath {rpath_dir} not -rpath={rpath dir} (#44315)
-- Remove mesa18 and libosmesa (#44264)
-- Enforce consistency of `gl` providers (#44307)
-- Require libiconv for iconv (#44335, #45026).
-  Notice that glibc/musl also provide iconv, but are not guaranteed to be
-  complete. Set `packages:iconv:require:[glibc]` to restore the old behavior.
-- py-matplotlib: qualify when to do a post install (#44191)
-- rust: fix v1.78.0 instructions (#44127)
-- suite-sparse: improve setting of the `libs` property (#44214)
-- netlib-lapack: provide blas and lapack together (#44981)
-
-
-# v0.22.0 (2024-05-12)
-
-`v0.22.0` is a major feature release.
-
-## Features in this release
-
-1. **Compiler dependencies**
-
-    We are in the process of making compilers proper dependencies in Spack, and a number
-    of changes in `v0.22` support that effort. You may notice nodes in your dependency
-    graphs for compiler runtime libraries like `gcc-runtime` or `libgfortran`, and you
-    may notice that Spack graphs now include `libc`. We've also begun moving compiler
-    configuration from `compilers.yaml` to `packages.yaml` to make it consistent with
-    other externals. We are trying to do this with the least disruption possible, so
-    your existing `compilers.yaml` files should still work. We expect to be done with
-    this transition by the `v0.23` release in November.
-
-    * #41104: Packages compiled with `%gcc` on Linux, macOS and FreeBSD now depend on a
-      new package `gcc-runtime`, which contains a copy of the shared compiler runtime
-      libraries. This enables gcc runtime libraries to be installed and relocated when
-      using a build cache. When building minimal Spack-generated container images it is
-      no longer necessary to install libgfortran, libgomp etc. using the system package
-      manager.
-
-    * #42062: Packages compiled with `%oneapi` now depend on a new package
-      `intel-oneapi-runtime`. This is similar to `gcc-runtime`, and the runtimes can
-      provide virtuals and compilers can inject dependencies on virtuals into compiled
-      packages. This allows us to model library soname compatibility and allows
-      compilers like `%oneapi` to provide virtuals like `sycl` (which can also be
-      provided by standalone libraries). Note that until we have an agreement in place
-      with intel, Intel packages are marked `redistribute(source=False, binary=False)`
-      and must be downloaded outside of Spack.
-
-    * #43272: changes to the optimization criteria of the solver improve the hit-rate of
-      buildcaches by a fair amount. The solver more relaxed compatibility rules and will
-      not try to strictly match compilers or targets of reused specs. Users can still
-      enforce the previous strict behavior with `require:` sections in `packages.yaml`.
-      Note that to enforce correct linking, Spack will *not* reuse old `%gcc` and
-      `%oneapi` specs that do not have the runtime libraries as a dependency.
-
-    * #43539: Spack will reuse specs built with compilers that are *not* explicitly
-      configured in `compilers.yaml`. Because we can now keep runtime libraries in build
-      cache, we do not require you to also have a local configured compiler to *use* the
-      runtime libraries. This improves reuse in buildcaches and avoids conflicts with OS
-      updates that happen underneath Spack.
-
-    * #43190: binary compatibility on `linux` is now based on the `libc` version,
-      instead of on the `os` tag. Spack builds now detect the host `libc` (`glibc` or
-      `musl`) and add it as an implicit external node in the dependency graph. Binaries
-      with a `libc` with the same name and a version less than or equal to that of the
-      detected `libc` can be reused. This is only on `linux`, not `macos` or `Windows`.
-
-    * #43464: each package that can provide a compiler is now detectable using `spack
-      external find`. External packages defining compiler paths are effectively used as
-      compilers, and `spack external find -t compiler` can be used as a substitute for
-      `spack compiler find`. More details on this transition are in
-      [the docs](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting_started.html#manual-compiler-configuration)
-
-2. **Improved `spack find` UI for Environments**
-
-   If you're working in an enviroment, you likely care about:
-
-   * What are the roots
-   * Which ones are installed / not installed
-   * What's been added that still needs to be concretized
-
-    We've tweaked `spack find` in environments to show this information much more
-    clearly. Installation status is shown next to each root, so you can see what is
-    installed. Roots are also shown in bold in the list of installed packages. There is
-    also a new option for `spack find -r` / `--only-roots` that will only show env
-    roots, if you don't want to look at all the installed specs.
-
-    More details in #42334.
-
-3. **Improved command-line string quoting**
-
-   We are making some breaking changes to how Spack parses specs on the CLI in order to
-   respect shell quoting instead of trying to fight it. If you (sadly) had to write
-   something like this on the command line:
-
-    ```
-    spack install zlib cflags=\"-O2 -g\"
-    ```
-
-    That will now result in an error, but you can now write what you probably expected
-    to work in the first place:
-
-    ```
-    spack install zlib cflags="-O2 -g"
-    ```
-
-    Quoted can also now include special characters, so you can supply flags like:
-
-    ```
-    spack intall zlib ldflags='-Wl,-rpath=$ORIGIN/_libs'
-    ```
-
-    To reduce ambiguity in parsing, we now require that you *not* put spaces around `=`
-    and `==` when for flags or variants. This would not have broken before but will now
-    result in an error:
-
-    ```
-    spack install zlib cflags = "-O2 -g"
-    ```
-
-    More details and discussion in #30634.
-
-4. **Revert default `spack install` behavior to `--reuse`**
-
-   We changed the default concretizer behavior from `--reuse` to `--reuse-deps` in
-   #30990 (in `v0.20`), which meant that *every* `spack install` invocation would
-   attempt to build a new version of the requested package / any environment roots.
-   While this is a common ask for *upgrading* and for *developer* workflows, we don't
-   think it should be the default for a package manager.
-
-   We are going to try to stick to this policy:
-   1. Prioritize reuse and build as little as possible by default.
-   2. Only upgrade or install duplicates if they are explicitly asked for, or if there
-      is a known security issue that necessitates an upgrade.
-
-   With the install command you now have three options:
-
-   * `--reuse` (default): reuse as many existing installations as possible.
-   * `--reuse-deps` / `--fresh-roots`: upgrade (freshen) roots but reuse dependencies if possible.
-   * `--fresh`: install fresh versions of requested packages (roots) and their dependencies.
-
-   We've also introduced `--fresh-roots` as an alias for `--reuse-deps` to make it more clear
-   that it may give you fresh versions. More details in #41302 and #43988.
-
-5. **More control over reused specs**
-
-   You can now control which packages to reuse and how. There is a new
-   `concretizer:reuse` config option, which accepts the following properties:
-
-   - `roots`: `true` to reuse roots, `false` to reuse just dependencies
-   - `exclude`: list of constraints used to select which specs *not* to reuse
-   - `include`: list of constraints used to select which specs *to* reuse
-   - `from`: list of sources for reused specs (some combination of `local`,
-     `buildcache`, or `external`)
-
-   For example, to reuse only specs compiled with GCC, you could write:
-
-   ```yaml
-   concretizer:
-      reuse:
-        roots: true
-        include:
-        - "%gcc"
-   ```
-
-   Or, if `openmpi` must be used from externals, and it must be the only external used:
-
-   ```yaml
-   concretizer:
-     reuse:
-       roots: true
-       from:
-       - type: local
-         exclude: ["openmpi"]
-       - type: buildcache
-         exclude: ["openmpi"]
-       - type: external
-         include: ["openmpi"]
-   ```
-
-6. **New `redistribute()` directive**
-
-   Some packages can't be redistributed in source or binary form. We need an explicit
-   way to say that in a package.
-
-   Now there is a `redistribute()` directive so that package authors can write:
-
-   ```python
-   class MyPackage(Package):
-       redistribute(source=False, binary=False)
-   ```
-
-   Like other directives, this works with `when=`:
-
-   ```python
-   class MyPackage(Package):
-       # 12.0 and higher are proprietary
-       redistribute(source=False, binary=False, when="@12.0:")
-
-       # can't redistribute when we depend on some proprietary dependency
-       redistribute(source=False, binary=False, when="^proprietary-dependency")
-   ```
-
-    More in #20185.
-
-7. **New `conflict:` and `prefer:` syntax for package preferences**
-
-   Previously, you could express conflicts and preferences in `packages.yaml` through
-   some contortions with `require:`:
-
-    ```yaml
-    packages:
-      zlib-ng:
-        require:
-        - one_of: ["%clang", "@:"]   # conflict on %clang
-        - any_of: ["+shared", "@:"]  # strong preference for +shared
-    ```
-
-    You can now use `require:` and `prefer:` for a much more readable configuration:
-
-    ```yaml
-    packages:
-      zlib-ng:
-        conflict:
-        - "%clang"
-        prefer:
-        - "+shared"
-    ```
-
-    See [the documentation](https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packages_yaml.html#conflicts-and-strong-preferences)
-    and #41832 for more details.
-
-8. **`include_concrete` in environments**
-
-   You may want to build on the *concrete* contents of another environment without
-   changing that environment.  You can now include the concrete specs from another
-   environment's `spack.lock` with `include_concrete`:
-
-   ```yaml
-      spack:
-        specs: []
-        concretizer:
-            unify: true
-        include_concrete:
-        - /path/to/environment1
-        - /path/to/environment2
-   ```
-
-   Now, when *this* environment is concretized, it will bring in the already concrete
-   specs from `environment1` and `environment2`, and build on top of them without
-   changing them. This is useful if you have phased deployments, where old deployments
-   should not be modified but you want to use as many of them as possible. More details
-   in #33768.
-
-9. **`python-venv` isolation**
-
-   Spack has unique requirements for Python because it:
-    1. installs every package in its own independent directory, and
-    2. allows users to register *external* python installations.
-
-   External installations may contain their own installed packages that can interfere
-   with Spack installations, and some distributions (Debian and Ubuntu) even change the
-   `sysconfig` in ways that alter the installation layout of installed Python packages
-   (e.g., with the addition of a `/local` prefix on Debian or Ubuntu). To isolate Spack
-   from these and other issues, we now insert a small `python-venv` package in between
-   `python` and packages that need to install Python code. This isolates Spack's build
-   environment, isolates Spack from any issues with an external python, and resolves a
-   large number of issues we've had with Python installations.
-
-   See #40773 for further details.
-
-## New commands, options, and directives
-
-* Allow packages to be pushed to build cache after install from source (#42423)
-* `spack develop`: stage build artifacts in same root as non-dev builds #41373
-  * Don't delete `spack develop` build artifacts after install (#43424)
-* `spack find`: add options for local/upstream only (#42999)
-* `spack logs`: print log files for packages (either partially built or installed) (#42202)
-* `patch`: support reversing patches (#43040)
-* `develop`: Add -b/--build-directory option to set build_directory package attribute (#39606)
-* `spack list`: add `--namesapce` / `--repo` option (#41948)
-* directives: add `checked_by` field to `license()`, add some license checks
-* `spack gc`: add options for environments and build dependencies (#41731)
-* Add `--create` to `spack env activate` (#40896)
-
-## Performance improvements
-
-* environment.py: fix excessive re-reads (#43746)
-* ruamel yaml: fix quadratic complexity bug  (#43745)
-* Refactor to improve `spec format` speed (#43712)
-* Do not acquire a write lock on the env post install if no views (#43505)
-* asp.py: fewer calls to `spec.copy()` (#43715)
-* spec.py: early return in `__str__`
-* avoid `jinja2` import at startup unless needed (#43237)
-
-## Other new features of note
-
-* `archspec`: update to `v0.2.4`: support for Windows, bugfixes for `neoverse-v1` and
-  `neoverse-v2` detection.
-* `spack config get`/`blame`: with no args, show entire config
-* `spack env create <env>`: dir if dir-like (#44024)
-* ASP-based solver: update os compatibility for macOS (#43862)
-* Add handling of custom ssl certs in urllib ops (#42953)
-* Add ability to rename environments (#43296)
-* Add config option and compiler support to reuse across OS's (#42693)
-* Support for prereleases (#43140)
-* Only reuse externals when configured (#41707)
-* Environments: Add support for including views (#42250)
-
-## Binary caches
-* Build cache: make signed/unsigned a mirror property (#41507)
-* tools stack
-
-## Removals, deprecations, and syntax changes
-* remove `dpcpp` compiler and package (#43418)
-* spack load: remove --only argument (#42120)
-
-## Notable Bugfixes
-* repo.py: drop deleted packages from provider cache (#43779)
-* Allow `+` in module file names (#41999)
-* `cmd/python`: use runpy to allow multiprocessing in scripts (#41789)
-* Show extension commands with spack -h (#41726)
-* Support environment variable expansion inside module projections (#42917)
-* Alert user to failed concretizations (#42655)
-* shell: fix zsh color formatting for PS1 in environments (#39497)
-* spack mirror create --all: include patches (#41579)
-
-## Spack community stats
-
-* 7,994 total packages; 525 since `v0.21.0`
-    * 178 new Python packages, 5 new R packages
-* 358 people contributed to this release
-    * 344 committers to packages
-    * 45 committers to core
-
-
-# v0.21.2 (2024-03-01)
-
-## Bugfixes
-
-- Containerize: accommodate nested or pre-existing spack-env paths (#41558)
-- Fix setup-env script, when going back and forth between instances (#40924)
-- Fix using fully-qualified namespaces from root specs (#41957)
-- Fix a bug when a required provider is requested for multiple virtuals (#42088)
-- OCI buildcaches:
-  - only push in parallel when forking (#42143)
-  - use pickleable errors (#42160)
-- Fix using sticky variants in externals (#42253)
-- Fix a rare issue with conditional requirements and multi-valued variants (#42566)
-
-## Package updates
-- rust: add v1.75, rework a few variants (#41161,#41903)
-- py-transformers: add v4.35.2 (#41266)
-- mgard: fix OpenMP on AppleClang (#42933)
-
-# v0.21.1 (2024-01-11)
-
-## New features
-- Add support for reading buildcaches created by Spack v0.22 (#41773)
-
-## Bugfixes
-
-- spack graph: fix coloring with environments (#41240)
-- spack info: sort variants in --variants-by-name (#41389)
-- Spec.format: error on old style format strings (#41934)
-- ASP-based solver:
-  - fix infinite recursion when computing concretization errors (#41061)
-  - don't error for type mismatch on preferences (#41138)
-  - don't emit spurious debug output (#41218)
-- Improve the error message for deprecated preferences (#41075)
-- Fix MSVC preview version breaking clingo build on Windows (#41185)
-- Fix multi-word aliases (#41126)
-- Add a warning for unconfigured compiler (#41213)
-- environment: fix an issue with deconcretization/reconcretization of specs (#41294)
-- buildcache: don't error if a patch is missing, when installing from binaries (#41986)
-- Multiple improvements to unit-tests (#41215,#41369,#41495,#41359,#41361,#41345,#41342,#41308,#41226)
-
-## Package updates
-- root: add a webgui patch to address security issue (#41404)
-- BerkeleyGW: update source urls (#38218)
-
 # v0.21.0 (2023-11-11)
 
 `v0.21.0` is a major feature release.

bin/spack.ps1

@@ -144,5 +144,3 @@ switch($SpackSubCommand)
     "unload" {Invoke-SpackLoad}
     default  {python "$Env:SPACK_ROOT/bin/spack" $SpackCMD_params $SpackSubCommand $SpackSubCommandArgs}
 }
-
-exit $LASTEXITCODE

etc/spack/defaults/concretizer.yaml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ concretizer:
     # "minimal": allows the duplication of 'build-tools' nodes only (e.g. py-setuptools, cmake etc.)
     # "full" (experimental): allows separation of the entire build-tool stack (e.g. the entire "cmake" subDAG)
     strategy: minimal
-  # Option to specify compatibility between operating systems for reuse of compilers and packages
+  # Option to specify compatiblity between operating systems for reuse of compilers and packages
   # Specified as a key: [list] where the key is the os that is being targeted, and the list contains the OS's 
   # it can reuse. Note this is a directional compatibility so mutual compatibility between two OS's 
   # requires two entries i.e. os_compatible: {sonoma: [monterey], monterey: [sonoma]}

etc/spack/defaults/linux/packages.yaml

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-packages:
-  iconv:
-    require: [libiconv]

etc/spack/defaults/packages.yaml

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ packages:
     compiler: [gcc, clang, oneapi, xl, nag, fj, aocc]
     providers:
       awk: [gawk]
-      armci: [armcimpi]
       blas: [openblas, amdblis]
       D: [ldc]
       daal: [intel-oneapi-daal]
@@ -37,10 +36,11 @@ packages:
       jpeg: [libjpeg-turbo, libjpeg]
       lapack: [openblas, amdlibflame]
       libc: [glibc, musl]
-      libgfortran: [gcc-runtime]
-      libglx: [mesa+glx]
-      libifcore: [intel-oneapi-runtime]
+      libgfortran: [ gcc-runtime ]
+      libglx: [mesa+glx, mesa18+glx]
+      libifcore: [ intel-oneapi-runtime ]
       libllvm: [llvm]
+      libosmesa: [mesa+osmesa, mesa18+osmesa]
       lua-lang: [lua, lua-luajit-openresty, lua-luajit]
       luajit: [lua-luajit-openresty, lua-luajit]
       mariadb-client: [mariadb-c-client, mariadb]

lib/spack/docs/_templates/layout.html

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-{% extends "!layout.html" %}
-
-{%- block extrahead %} 
-  <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) -->
-  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-S0PQ7WV75K"></script>
-  <script>
-    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
-    function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
-    gtag('js', new Date());
-    gtag('config', 'G-S0PQ7WV75K');
-  </script>
-{% endblock %}

lib/spack/docs/basic_usage.rst

@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ There are several different ways to use Spack packages once you have
 installed them. As you've seen, spack packages are installed into long
 paths with hashes, and you need a way to get them into your path. The
 easiest way is to use :ref:`spack load <cmd-spack-load>`, which is
-described in this section.
+described in the next section.
 
 Some more advanced ways to use Spack packages include:
 
@@ -959,86 +959,7 @@ use ``spack find --loaded``.
 You can also use ``spack load --list`` to get the same output, but it
 does not have the full set of query options that ``spack find`` offers.
 
-We'll learn more about Spack's spec syntax in :ref:`a later section <sec-specs>`.
-
-
-.. _extensions:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Python packages and virtual environments
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Spack can install a large number of Python packages. Their names are
-typically prefixed with ``py-``. Installing and using them is no
-different from any other package:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack install py-numpy
-   $ spack load py-numpy
-   $ python3
-   >>> import numpy
-
-The ``spack load`` command sets the ``PATH`` variable so that the right Python
-executable is used, and makes sure that ``numpy`` and its dependencies can be
-located in the ``PYTHONPATH``.
-
-Spack is different from other Python package managers in that it installs
-every package into its *own* prefix. This is in contrast to ``pip``, which
-installs all packages into the same prefix, be it in a virtual environment
-or not.
-
-For many users, **virtual environments** are more convenient than repeated
-``spack load`` commands, particularly when working with multiple Python
-packages. Fortunately Spack supports environments itself, which together
-with a view are no different from Python virtual environments.
-
-The recommended way of working with Python extensions such as ``py-numpy``
-is through :ref:`Environments <environments>`. The following example creates
-a Spack environment with ``numpy`` in the current working directory. It also
-puts a filesystem view in ``./view``, which is a more traditional combined
-prefix for all packages in the environment.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack env create --with-view view --dir .
-   $ spack -e . add py-numpy
-   $ spack -e . concretize
-   $ spack -e . install
-
-Now you can activate the environment and start using the packages:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack env activate .
-   $ python3
-   >>> import numpy
-
-The environment view is also a virtual environment, which is useful if you are
-sharing the environment with others who are unfamiliar with Spack. They can
-either use the Python executable directly:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ ./view/bin/python3
-   >>> import numpy
-
-or use the activation script:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ source ./view/bin/activate
-   $ python3
-   >>> import numpy
-
-In general, there should not be much difference between ``spack env activate``
-and using the virtual environment. The main advantage of ``spack env activate``
-is that it knows about more packages than just Python packages, and it may set
-additional runtime variables that are not covered by the virtual environment
-activation script.
-
-See :ref:`environments` for a more in-depth description of Spack
-environments and customizations to views.
+We'll learn more about Spack's spec syntax in the next section.
 
 
 .. _sec-specs:
@@ -1784,6 +1705,165 @@ check only local packages (as opposed to those used transparently from
 ``upstream`` spack instances) and the ``-j,--json`` option to output
 machine-readable json data for any errors.
 
+
+.. _extensions:
+
+---------------------------
+Extensions & Python support
+---------------------------
+
+Spack's installation model assumes that each package will live in its
+own install prefix.  However, certain packages are typically installed
+*within* the directory hierarchy of other packages.  For example,
+`Python <https://www.python.org>`_ packages are typically installed in the
+``$prefix/lib/python-2.7/site-packages`` directory.
+
+In Spack, installation prefixes are immutable, so this type of installation
+is not directly supported. However, it is possible to create views that
+allow you to merge install prefixes of multiple packages into a single new prefix.
+Views are a convenient way to get a more traditional filesystem structure.
+Using *extensions*, you can ensure that Python packages always share the
+same prefix in the view as Python itself. Suppose you have
+Python installed like so:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack find python
+   ==> 1 installed packages.
+   -- linux-debian7-x86_64 / gcc@4.4.7 --------------------------------
+   python@2.7.8
+
+.. _cmd-spack-extensions:
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+``spack extensions``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+You can find extensions for your Python installation like this:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack extensions python
+   ==> python@2.7.8%gcc@4.4.7 arch=linux-debian7-x86_64-703c7a96
+   ==> 36 extensions:
+   geos          py-ipython     py-pexpect    py-pyside            py-sip
+   py-basemap    py-libxml2     py-pil        py-pytz              py-six
+   py-biopython  py-mako        py-pmw        py-rpy2              py-sympy
+   py-cython     py-matplotlib  py-pychecker  py-scientificpython  py-virtualenv
+   py-dateutil   py-mpi4py      py-pygments   py-scikit-learn
+   py-epydoc     py-mx          py-pylint     py-scipy
+   py-gnuplot    py-nose        py-pyparsing  py-setuptools
+   py-h5py       py-numpy       py-pyqt       py-shiboken
+
+   ==> 12 installed:
+   -- linux-debian7-x86_64 / gcc@4.4.7 --------------------------------
+   py-dateutil@2.4.0    py-nose@1.3.4       py-pyside@1.2.2
+   py-dateutil@2.4.0    py-numpy@1.9.1      py-pytz@2014.10
+   py-ipython@2.3.1     py-pygments@2.0.1   py-setuptools@11.3.1
+   py-matplotlib@1.4.2  py-pyparsing@2.0.3  py-six@1.9.0
+
+The extensions are a subset of what's returned by ``spack list``, and
+they are packages like any other.  They are installed into their own
+prefixes, and you can see this with ``spack find --paths``:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack find --paths py-numpy
+   ==> 1 installed packages.
+   -- linux-debian7-x86_64 / gcc@4.4.7 --------------------------------
+       py-numpy@1.9.1  ~/spack/opt/linux-debian7-x86_64/gcc@4.4.7/py-numpy@1.9.1-66733244
+
+However, even though this package is installed, you cannot use it
+directly when you run ``python``:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack load python
+   $ python
+   Python 2.7.8 (default, Feb 17 2015, 01:35:25)
+   [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11)] on linux2
+   Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
+   >>> import numpy
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+   ImportError: No module named numpy
+   >>>
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Using Extensions in Environments
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The recommended way of working with extensions such as ``py-numpy``
+above is through :ref:`Environments <environments>`. For example,
+the following creates an environment in the current working directory
+with a filesystem view in the ``./view`` directory:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack env create --with-view view --dir .
+   $ spack -e . add py-numpy
+   $ spack -e . concretize
+   $ spack -e . install
+
+We recommend environments for two reasons. Firstly, environments
+can be activated (requires :ref:`shell-support`):
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack env activate .
+
+which sets all the right environment variables such as ``PATH`` and
+``PYTHONPATH``. This ensures that
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ python
+   >>> import numpy
+
+works. Secondly, even without shell support, the view ensures
+that Python can locate its extensions:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ ./view/bin/python
+   >>> import numpy
+
+See :ref:`environments` for a more in-depth description of Spack
+environments and customizations to views.
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Using ``spack load``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+A more traditional way of using Spack and extensions is ``spack load``
+(requires :ref:`shell-support`). This will add the extension to ``PYTHONPATH``
+in your current shell, and Python itself will be available in the ``PATH``:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ spack load py-numpy
+   $ python
+   >>> import numpy
+
+The loaded packages can be checked using ``spack find --loaded``
+
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Loading Extensions via Modules
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Apart from ``spack env activate`` and ``spack load``, you can load numpy
+through your environment modules (using ``environment-modules`` or
+``lmod``). This will also add the extension to the ``PYTHONPATH`` in
+your current shell.
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+   $ module load <name of numpy module>
+
+If you do not know the name of the specific numpy module you wish to
+load, you can use the ``spack module tcl|lmod loads`` command to get
+the name of the module from the Spack spec.
+
 -----------------------
 Filesystem requirements
 -----------------------

lib/spack/docs/build_settings.rst

@@ -21,86 +21,23 @@ is the following:
 Reuse already installed packages
 --------------------------------
 
-The ``reuse`` attribute controls how aggressively Spack reuses binary packages during concretization. The
-attribute can either be a single value, or an object for more complex configurations.
-
-In the former case ("single value") it allows Spack to:
-
-1. Reuse installed packages and buildcaches for all the specs to be concretized, when ``true``
-2. Reuse installed packages and buildcaches only for the dependencies of the root specs, when ``dependencies``
-3. Disregard reusing installed packages and buildcaches, when ``false``
-
-In case a finer control over which specs are reused is needed, then the value of this attribute can be
-an object, with the following keys:
-
-1. ``roots``: if ``true`` root specs are reused, if ``false`` only dependencies of root specs are reused
-2. ``from``: list of sources from which reused specs are taken
-
-Each source in ``from`` is itself an object:
-
-.. list-table:: Attributes for a source or reusable specs
-   :header-rows: 1
-
-   * - Attribute name
-     - Description
-   * - type (mandatory, string)
-     - Can be ``local``, ``buildcache``, or ``external``
-   * - include (optional, list of specs)
-     - If present, reusable specs must match at least one of the constraint in the list
-   * - exclude (optional, list of specs)
-     - If present, reusable specs must not match any of the constraint in the list.
-
-For instance, the following configuration:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   concretizer:
-     reuse:
-       roots: true
-       from:
-       - type: local
-         include:
-         - "%gcc"
-         - "%clang"
-
-tells the concretizer to reuse all specs compiled with either ``gcc`` or ``clang``, that are installed
-in the local store. Any spec from remote buildcaches is disregarded.
-
-To reduce the boilerplate in configuration files, default values for the ``include`` and
-``exclude`` options can be pushed up one level:
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   concretizer:
-     reuse:
-       roots: true
-       include:
-       - "%gcc"
-       from:
-       - type: local
-       - type: buildcache
-       - type: local
-         include:
-         - "foo %oneapi"
-
-In the example above we reuse all specs compiled with ``gcc`` from the local store
-and remote buildcaches, and we also reuse ``foo %oneapi``. Note that the last source of
-specs override the default ``include`` attribute.
-
-For one-off concretizations, the are command line arguments for each of the simple "single value"
-configurations. This means a user can:
+The ``reuse`` attribute controls whether Spack will prefer to use installed packages (``true``), or
+whether it will do a "fresh" installation and prefer the latest settings from
+``package.py`` files and ``packages.yaml`` (``false``).
+You can use:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
    % spack install --reuse <spec>
 
-to enable reuse for a single installation, or:
+to enable reuse for a single installation, and you can use:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
    spack install --fresh <spec>
 
 to do a fresh install if ``reuse`` is enabled by default.
+``reuse: dependencies`` is the default.
 
 .. seealso::
 

lib/spack/docs/build_systems/pythonpackage.rst

@@ -718,45 +718,23 @@ command-line tool, or C/C++/Fortran program with optional Python
 modules? The former should be prepended with ``py-``, while the
 latter should not.
 
-""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-``extends`` vs. ``depends_on``
-""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+""""""""""""""""""""""
+extends vs. depends_on
+""""""""""""""""""""""
 
+This is very similar to the naming dilemma above, with a slight twist.
 As mentioned in the :ref:`Packaging Guide <packaging_extensions>`,
 ``extends`` and ``depends_on`` are very similar, but ``extends`` ensures
 that the extension and extendee share the same prefix in views.
 This allows the user to import a Python module without
 having to add that module to ``PYTHONPATH``.
 
-Additionally, ``extends("python")`` adds a dependency on the package
-``python-venv``. This improves isolation from the system, whether
-it's during the build or at runtime: user and system site packages
-cannot accidentally be used by any package that ``extends("python")``.
-
-As a rule of thumb: if a package does not install any Python modules
-of its own, and merely puts a Python script in the ``bin`` directory,
-then there is no need for ``extends``. If the package installs modules
-in the ``site-packages`` directory, it requires ``extends``.
-
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-Executing ``python`` during the build
-"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
-
-Whenever you need to execute a Python command or pass the path of the
-Python interpreter to the build system, it is best to use the global
-variable ``python`` directly. For example:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-    @run_before("install")
-    def recythonize(self):
-        python("setup.py", "clean")  # use the `python` global
-
-As mentioned in the previous section, ``extends("python")`` adds an
-automatic dependency on ``python-venv``, which is a virtual environment
-that guarantees build isolation. The ``python`` global always refers to
-the correct Python interpreter, whether the package uses ``extends("python")``
-or ``depends_on("python")``.
+When deciding between ``extends`` and ``depends_on``, the best rule of
+thumb is to check the installation prefix. If Python libraries are
+installed to ``<prefix>/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages``, then you
+should use ``extends``. If Python libraries are installed elsewhere
+or the only files that get installed reside in ``<prefix>/bin``, then
+don't use ``extends``.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Alternatives to Spack

lib/spack/docs/chain.rst

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 .. chain:
 
-=============================================
-Chaining Spack Installations (upstreams.yaml)
-=============================================
+============================
+Chaining Spack Installations
+============================
 
 You can point your Spack installation to another installation to use any
 packages that are installed there. To register the other Spack instance,

lib/spack/docs/config_yaml.rst

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ this can expose you to attacks.  Use at your own risk.
 --------------------
 
 Path to custom certificats for SSL verification. The value can be a 
-filesytem path, or an environment variable that expands to an absolute file path.
+filesytem path, or an environment variable that expands to a file path.
 The default value is set to the environment variable ``SSL_CERT_FILE``
 to use the same syntax used by many other applications that automatically
 detect custom certificates.
@@ -160,9 +160,6 @@ in the subprocess calling ``curl``.
 If ``url_fetch_method:urllib`` then files and directories are supported i.e. 
 ``config:ssl_certs:$SSL_CERT_FILE`` or ``config:ssl_certs:$SSL_CERT_DIR``
 will work.
-In all cases the expanded path must be absolute for Spack to use the certificates.
-Certificates relative to an environment can be created by prepending the path variable
-with the Spack configuration variable``$env``.
 
 --------------------
 ``checksum``

lib/spack/docs/containers.rst

@@ -194,15 +194,15 @@ The OS that are currently supported are summarized in the table below:
    * - Operating System
      - Base Image
      - Spack Image
+   * - Ubuntu 18.04
+     - ``ubuntu:18.04``
+     - ``spack/ubuntu-bionic``
    * - Ubuntu 20.04
      - ``ubuntu:20.04``
      - ``spack/ubuntu-focal``
    * - Ubuntu 22.04
      - ``ubuntu:22.04``
      - ``spack/ubuntu-jammy``
-   * - Ubuntu 24.04
-     - ``ubuntu:24.04``
-     - ``spack/ubuntu-noble``
    * - CentOS 7
      - ``centos:7``
      - ``spack/centos7``
@@ -227,6 +227,12 @@ The OS that are currently supported are summarized in the table below:
    * - Rocky Linux 9
      - ``rockylinux:9``
      - ``spack/rockylinux9``
+   * - Fedora Linux 37
+     - ``fedora:37``
+     - ``spack/fedora37``
+   * - Fedora Linux 38
+     - ``fedora:38``
+     - ``spack/fedora38``
    * - Fedora Linux 39
      - ``fedora:39``
      - ``spack/fedora39``

lib/spack/docs/contribution_guide.rst

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ Style Tests
 
 Spack uses `Flake8 <http://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/>`_ to test for
 `PEP 8 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/>`_ conformance and
-`mypy <https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`_ for type checking. PEP 8 is
+`mypy <https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>` for type checking. PEP 8 is
 a series of style guides for Python that provide suggestions for everything
 from variable naming to indentation. In order to limit the number of PRs that
 were mostly style changes, we decided to enforce PEP 8 conformance. Your PR

lib/spack/docs/developer_guide.rst

@@ -716,27 +716,27 @@ Release branches
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 There are currently two types of Spack releases: :ref:`major releases
-<major-releases>` (``0.21.0``, ``0.22.0``, etc.) and :ref:`patch releases
-<patch-releases>` (``0.22.1``, ``0.22.2``, ``0.22.3``, etc.). Here is a
+<major-releases>` (``0.17.0``, ``0.18.0``, etc.) and :ref:`point releases
+<point-releases>` (``0.17.1``, ``0.17.2``, ``0.17.3``, etc.). Here is a
 diagram of how Spack release branches work::
 
-    o    branch: develop  (latest version, v0.23.0.dev0)
+    o    branch: develop  (latest version, v0.19.0.dev0)
     |
     o
-    | o  branch: releases/v0.22, tag: v0.22.1
+    | o  branch: releases/v0.18, tag: v0.18.1
     o |
-    | o  tag: v0.22.0
+    | o  tag: v0.18.0
     o |
     | o
     |/
     o
     |
     o
-    | o  branch: releases/v0.21, tag: v0.21.2
+    | o  branch: releases/v0.17, tag: v0.17.2
     o |
-    | o  tag: v0.21.1
+    | o  tag: v0.17.1
     o |
-    | o  tag: v0.21.0
+    | o  tag: v0.17.0
     o |
     | o
     |/
@@ -747,8 +747,8 @@ requests target ``develop``. The ``develop`` branch will report that its
 version is that of the next **major** release with a ``.dev0`` suffix.
 
 Each Spack release series also has a corresponding branch, e.g.
-``releases/v0.22`` has ``v0.22.x`` versions of Spack, and
-``releases/v0.21`` has ``v0.21.x`` versions. A major release is the first
+``releases/v0.18`` has ``0.18.x`` versions of Spack, and
+``releases/v0.17`` has ``0.17.x`` versions. A major release is the first
 tagged version on a release branch. Minor releases are back-ported from
 develop onto release branches. This is typically done by cherry-picking
 bugfix commits off of ``develop``.
@@ -778,40 +778,27 @@ for more details.
 Scheduling work for releases
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-We schedule work for **major releases** through `milestones
-<https://github.com/spack/spack/milestones>`_ and `GitHub Projects
-<https://github.com/spack/spack/projects>`_, while **patch releases** use `labels
-<https://github.com/spack/spack/labels>`_.
+We schedule work for releases by creating `GitHub projects
+<https://github.com/spack/spack/projects>`_. At any time, there may be
+several open release projects. For example, below are two releases (from
+some past version of the page linked above):
 
-There is only one milestone open at a time. Its name corresponds to the next major version, for
-example ``v0.23``. Important issues and pull requests should be assigned to this milestone by
-core developers, so that they are not forgotten at the time of release. The milestone is closed
-when the release is made, and a new milestone is created for the next major release.
+.. image:: images/projects.png
 
-Bug reports in GitHub issues are automatically labelled ``bug`` and ``triage``. Spack developers
-assign one of the labels ``impact-low``, ``impact-medium`` or ``impact-high``. This will make the
-issue appear in the `Triaged bugs <https://github.com/orgs/spack/projects/6>`_ project board.
-Important issues should be assigned to the next milestone as well, so they appear at the top of
-the project board.
+This image shows one release in progress for ``0.15.1`` and another for
+``0.16.0``. Each of these releases has a project board containing issues
+and pull requests. GitHub shows a status bar with completed work in
+green, work in progress in purple, and work not started yet in gray, so
+it's fairly easy to see progress.
 
-Spack's milestones are not firm commitments so we move work between releases frequently. If we
-need to make a release and some tasks are not yet done, we will simply move them to the next major
-release milestone, rather than delaying the release to complete them.
+Spack's project boards are not firm commitments so we move work between
+releases frequently. If we need to make a release and some tasks are not
+yet done, we will simply move them to the next minor or major release, rather
+than delaying the release to complete them.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Backporting bug fixes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+For more on using GitHub project boards, see `GitHub's documentation
+<https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-your-work-on-github/about-project-boards>`_.
 
-When a bug is fixed in the ``develop`` branch, it is often necessary to backport the fix to one
-(or more) of the ``release/vX.Y`` branches. Only the release manager is responsible for doing
-backports, but Spack maintainers are responsible for labelling pull requests (and issues if no bug
-fix is available yet) with ``vX.Y.Z`` labels. The label should correspond to the next patch version
-that the bug fix should be backported to.
-
-Backports are done publicly by the release manager using a pull request named ``Backports vX.Y.Z``.
-This pull request is opened from the ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch, targets the ``releases/vX.Y``
-branch and contains a (growing) list of cherry-picked commits from the ``develop`` branch.
-Typically there are one or two backport pull requests open at any given time.
 
 .. _major-releases:
 
@@ -819,21 +806,25 @@ Typically there are one or two backport pull requests open at any given time.
 Making major releases
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Assuming all required work from the milestone is completed, the steps to make the major release
-are:
+Assuming a project board has already been created and all required work
+completed, the steps to make the major release are:
 
-#. `Create a new milestone <https://github.com/spack/spack/milestones>`_ for the next major
-   release.
+#. Create two new project boards:
 
-#. `Create a new label <https://github.com/spack/spack/labels>`_ for the next patch release.
+   * One for the next major release
+   * One for the next point release
 
-#. Move any optional tasks that are not done to the next milestone.
+#. Move any optional tasks that are not done to one of the new project boards.
+
+   In general, small bugfixes should go to the next point release. Major
+   features, refactors, and changes that could affect concretization should
+   go in the next major release.
 
 #. Create a branch for the release, based on ``develop``:
 
    .. code-block:: console
 
-      $ git checkout -b releases/v0.23 develop
+      $ git checkout -b releases/v0.15 develop
 
    For a version ``vX.Y.Z``, the branch's name should be
    ``releases/vX.Y``. That is, you should create a ``releases/vX.Y``
@@ -869,8 +860,8 @@ are:
 
    Create a pull request targeting the ``develop`` branch, bumping the major
    version in ``lib/spack/spack/__init__.py`` with a ``dev0`` release segment.
-   For instance when you have just released ``v0.23.0``, set the version
-   to ``(0, 24, 0, 'dev0')`` on ``develop``.
+   For instance when you have just released ``v0.15.0``, set the version
+   to ``(0, 16, 0, 'dev0')`` on ``develop``.
 
 #. Follow the steps in :ref:`publishing-releases`.
 
@@ -879,52 +870,82 @@ are:
 #. Follow the steps in :ref:`announcing-releases`.
 
 
-.. _patch-releases:
+.. _point-releases:
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Making patch releases
+Making point releases
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-To make the patch release process both efficient and transparent, we use a *backports pull request*
-which contains cherry-picked commits from the ``develop`` branch. The majority of the work is to
-cherry-pick the bug fixes, which ideally should be done as soon as they land on ``develop``:
-this ensures cherry-picking happens in order, and makes conflicts easier to resolve since the
-changes are fresh in the mind of the developer.
+Assuming a project board has already been created and all required work
+completed, the steps to make the point release are:
 
-The backports pull request is always titled ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` and is labelled ``backports``. It
-is opened from a branch named ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` and targets the ``releases/vX.Y`` branch.
+#. Create a new project board for the next point release.
 
-Whenever a pull request labelled ``vX.Y.Z`` is merged, cherry-pick the associated squashed commit
-on ``develop`` to the ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch. For pull requests that were rebased (or not
-squashed), cherry-pick each associated commit individually. Never force push to the
-``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch.
+#. Move any optional tasks that are not done to the next project board.
 
-.. warning::
+#. Check out the release branch (it should already exist).
+
+    For the ``X.Y.Z`` release, the release branch is called ``releases/vX.Y``.
+    For ``v0.15.1``, you would check out ``releases/v0.15``:
+
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ git checkout releases/v0.15
+
+#. If a pull request to the release branch named ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` is not already
+   in the project, create it. This pull request ought to be created as early as
+   possible when working on a release project, so that we can build the release
+   commits incrementally, and identify potential conflicts at an early stage.
+
+#. Cherry-pick each pull request in the ``Done`` column of the release
+   project board onto the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` pull request.
+
+   This is **usually** fairly simple since we squash the commits from the
+   vast majority of pull requests. That means there is only one commit
+   per pull request to cherry-pick. For example, `this pull request
+   <https://github.com/spack/spack/pull/15777>`_ has three commits, but
+   they were squashed into a single commit on merge. You can see the
+   commit that was created here:
+
+   .. image:: images/pr-commit.png
+
+   You can easily cherry pick it like this (assuming you already have the
+   release branch checked out):
+
+   .. code-block:: console
+
+      $ git cherry-pick 7e46da7
+
+   For pull requests that were rebased (or not squashed), you'll need to
+   cherry-pick each associated commit individually.
+
+   .. warning::
+
+      It is important to cherry-pick commits in the order they happened,
+      otherwise you can get conflicts while cherry-picking. When
+      cherry-picking look at the merge date,
+      **not** the number of the pull request or the date it was opened.
 
       Sometimes you may **still** get merge conflicts even if you have
       cherry-picked all the commits in order. This generally means there
       is some other intervening pull request that the one you're trying
       to pick depends on. In these cases, you'll need to make a judgment
       call regarding those pull requests.  Consider the number of affected
-   files and/or the resulting differences.
+      files and or the resulting differences.
 
-   1. If the changes are small, you might just cherry-pick it.
+      1. If the dependency changes are small, you might just cherry-pick it,
+         too. If you do this, add the task to the release board.
 
       2. If the changes are large, then you may decide that this fix is not
-      worth including in a patch release, in which case you should remove
-      the label from the pull request. Remember that large, manual backports
-      are seldom the right choice for a patch release.
+         worth including in a point release, in which case you should remove
+         the task from the release project.
 
-When all commits are cherry-picked in the ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch, make the patch
-release as follows:
+      3. You can always decide to manually back-port the fix to the release
+         branch if neither of the above options makes sense, but this can
+         require a lot of work. It's seldom the right choice.
 
-#. `Create a new label <https://github.com/spack/spack/labels>`_ ``vX.Y.{Z+1}`` for the next patch
-   release.
-
-#. Replace the label ``vX.Y.Z`` with ``vX.Y.{Z+1}`` for all PRs and issues that are not done.
-
-#. Manually push a single commit with commit message ``Set version to vX.Y.Z`` to the
-   ``backports/vX.Y.Z`` branch, that both bumps the Spack version number and updates the changelog:
+#. When all the commits from the project board are cherry-picked into
+   the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` pull request, you can push a commit to:
 
    1. Bump the version in ``lib/spack/spack/__init__.py``.
    2. Update ``CHANGELOG.md`` with a list of the changes.
@@ -933,22 +954,20 @@ release as follows:
    release branch. See `the changelog from 0.14.1
    <https://github.com/spack/spack/commit/ff0abb9838121522321df2a054d18e54b566b44a>`_.
 
-#. Make sure CI passes on the **backports pull request**, including:
+#. Merge the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` PR with the **Rebase and merge** strategy. This
+   is needed to keep track in the release branch of all the commits that were
+   cherry-picked.
+
+#. Make sure CI passes on the release branch, including:
 
    * Regular unit tests
    * Build tests
    * The E4S pipeline at `gitlab.spack.io <https://gitlab.spack.io>`_
 
-#. Merge the ``Backports vX.Y.Z`` PR with the **Rebase and merge** strategy. This
-   is needed to keep track in the release branch of all the commits that were
-   cherry-picked.
-
-#. Make sure CI passes on the last commit of the **release branch**.
-
-#. In the rare case you need to include additional commits in the patch release after the backports
-   PR is merged, it is best to delete the last commit ``Set version to vX.Y.Z`` from the release
-   branch with a single force push, open a new backports PR named ``Backports vX.Y.Z (2)``, and
-   repeat the process. Avoid repeated force pushes to the release branch.
+   If CI does not pass, you'll need to figure out why, and make changes
+   to the release branch until it does. You can make more commits, modify
+   or remove cherry-picked commits, or cherry-pick **more** from
+   ``develop`` to make this happen.
 
 #. Follow the steps in :ref:`publishing-releases`.
 
@@ -1023,31 +1042,25 @@ Updating `releases/latest`
 
 If the new release is the **highest** Spack release yet, you should
 also tag it as ``releases/latest``. For example, suppose the highest
-release is currently ``0.22.3``:
+release is currently ``0.15.3``:
 
-* If you are releasing ``0.22.4`` or ``0.23.0``, then you should tag
-  it with ``releases/latest``, as these are higher than ``0.22.3``.
+* If you are releasing ``0.15.4`` or ``0.16.0``, then you should tag
+  it with ``releases/latest``, as these are higher than ``0.15.3``.
 
 * If you are making a new release of an **older** major version of
-  Spack, e.g. ``0.21.4``, then you should not tag it as
+  Spack, e.g. ``0.14.4``, then you should not tag it as
   ``releases/latest`` (as there are newer major versions).
 
-To do so, first fetch the latest tag created on GitHub, since you may not have it locally:
+To tag ``releases/latest``, do this:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ git fetch --force git@github.com:spack/spack vX.Y.Z
+   $ git checkout releases/vX.Y     # vX.Y is the new release's branch
+   $ git tag --force releases/latest
+   $ git push --force --tags
 
-Then tag ``vX.Y.Z`` as ``releases/latest`` and push the individual tag to GitHub.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ git tag --force releases/latest vX.Y.Z
-   $ git push --force git@github.com:spack/spack releases/latest
-
-The ``--force`` argument to ``git tag`` makes ``git`` overwrite the existing ``releases/latest``
-tag with the new one. Do **not** use the ``--tags`` flag when pushing, since this will push *all*
-local tags.
+The ``--force`` argument to ``git tag`` makes ``git`` overwrite the existing
+``releases/latest`` tag with the new one.
 
 
 .. _announcing-releases:

lib/spack/docs/environments.rst

@@ -142,8 +142,12 @@ user's prompt to begin with the environment name in brackets.
    $ spack env activate -p myenv
    [myenv] $ ...
 
-The ``activate`` command can also be used to create a new environment if it does not already
-exist.
+The ``activate`` command can also be used to create a new environment, if it is
+not already defined, by adding the ``--create`` flag. Managed and anonymous
+environments, anonymous environments are explained in the next section,
+can both be created using the same flags that `spack env create` accepts.
+If an environment already exists then spack will simply activate it and ignore the
+create specific flags.
 
 .. code-block:: console
    
@@ -172,36 +176,21 @@ environment will remove the view from the user environment.
 Anonymous Environments
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Apart from managed environments, Spack also supports anonymous environments.
-
-Anonymous environments can be placed in any directory of choice.
-
-.. note::
-
-   When uninstalling packages, Spack asks the user to confirm the removal of packages
-   that are still used in a managed environment. This is not the case for anonymous
-   environments.
-
-To create an anonymous environment, use one of the following commands:
+Any directory can be treated as an environment if it contains a file
+``spack.yaml``. To load an anonymous environment, use:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ spack env create --dir my_env
-   $ spack env create ./my_env
+   $ spack env activate -d /path/to/directory
 
-As a shorthand, you can also create an anonymous environment upon activation if it does not
-already exist:
+Anonymous specs can be created in place using the command:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ spack env activate --create ./my_env
-
-For convenience, Spack can also place an anonymous environment in a temporary directory for you:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack env activate --temp
+   $ spack env create -d .
 
+In this case Spack simply creates a ``spack.yaml`` file in the requested
+directory.
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Environment Sensitive Commands
@@ -460,125 +449,6 @@ Sourcing that file in Bash will make the environment available to the
 user; and can be included in ``.bashrc`` files, etc.  The ``loads``
 file may also be copied out of the environment, renamed, etc.
 
-
-.. _environment_include_concrete:
-
-------------------------------
-Included Concrete Environments
-------------------------------
-
-Spack environments can create an environment based off of information in already
-established environments. You can think of it as a combination of existing
-environments. It will gather information from the existing environment's
-``spack.lock`` and use that during the creation of this included concrete
-environment. When an included concrete environment is created it will generate
-a ``spack.lock`` file for the newly created environment.
-
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Creating included environments
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-To create a combined concrete environment, you must have at least one existing
-concrete environment. You will use the command ``spack env create`` with the
-argument ``--include-concrete`` followed by the name or path of the environment
-you'd like to include. Here is an example of how to create a combined environment
-from the command line.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack env create myenv
-   $ spack -e myenv add python
-   $ spack -e myenv concretize
-   $ spack env create --include-concrete myenv included_env
-
-
-You can also include an environment directly in the ``spack.yaml`` file. It
-involves adding the ``include_concrete`` heading in the yaml followed by the
-absolute path to the independent environments.
-
-.. code-block:: yaml
-
-   spack:
-     specs: []
-     concretizer:
-         unify: true
-     include_concrete:
-     - /absolute/path/to/environment1
-     - /absolute/path/to/environment2
-
-
-Once the ``spack.yaml`` has been updated you must concretize the environment to
-get the concrete specs from the included environments.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Updating an included environment
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-If changes were made to the base environment and you want that reflected in the
-included environment you will need to reconcretize both the base environment and the
-included environment for the change to be implemented. For example:
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack env create myenv
-   $ spack -e myenv add python
-   $ spack -e myenv concretize
-   $ spack env create --include-concrete myenv included_env
-
-
-   $ spack -e myenv find
-   ==> In environment myenv
-   ==> Root specs
-   python
-
-   ==> 0 installed packages
-
-
-   $ spack -e included_env find
-   ==> In environment included_env
-   ==> No root specs
-   ==> Included specs
-   python
-
-   ==> 0 installed packages
-
-Here we see that ``included_env`` has access to the python package through
-the ``myenv`` environment. But if we were to add another spec to ``myenv``,
-``included_env`` will not be able to access the new information.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack -e myenv add perl
-   $ spack -e myenv concretize
-   $ spack -e myenv find
-   ==> In environment myenv
-   ==> Root specs
-   perl  python
-
-   ==> 0 installed packages
-
-
-   $ spack -e included_env find
-   ==> In environment included_env
-   ==> No root specs
-   ==> Included specs
-   python
-
-   ==> 0 installed packages
-
-It isn't until you run the ``spack concretize`` command that the combined
-environment will get the updated information from the reconcretized base environmennt.
-
-.. code-block:: console
-
-   $ spack -e included_env concretize
-   $ spack -e included_env find
-   ==> In environment included_env
-   ==> No root specs
-   ==> Included specs
-   perl  python
-
-   ==> 0 installed packages
-
 .. _environment-configuration:
 
 ------------------------
@@ -930,7 +800,6 @@ For example, the following environment has three root packages:
 This allows for a much-needed reduction in redundancy between packages
 and constraints.
 
-
 ----------------
 Filesystem Views
 ----------------
@@ -1164,7 +1033,7 @@ other targets to depend on the environment installation.
 
 A typical workflow is as follows:
 
-.. code-block:: console
+.. code:: console
 
    spack env create -d .
    spack -e . add perl
@@ -1257,7 +1126,7 @@ its dependencies. This can be useful when certain flags should only apply to
 dependencies. Below we show a use case where a spec is installed with verbose
 output (``spack install --verbose``) while its dependencies are installed silently:
 
-.. code-block:: console
+.. code:: console
 
    $ spack env depfile -o Makefile
 
@@ -1279,7 +1148,7 @@ This can be accomplished through the generated ``[<prefix>/]SPACK_PACKAGE_IDS``
 variable. Assuming we have an active and concrete environment, we generate the
 associated ``Makefile`` with a prefix ``example``:
 
-.. code-block:: console
+.. code:: console
 
    $ spack env depfile -o env.mk --make-prefix example
 

lib/spack/docs/getting_started.rst

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ A build matrix showing which packages are working on which systems is shown belo
       .. code-block:: console
 
          apt update
-         apt install bzip2 ca-certificates file g++ gcc gfortran git gzip lsb-release patch python3 tar unzip xz-utils zstd
+         apt install build-essential ca-certificates coreutils curl environment-modules gfortran git gpg lsb-release python3 python3-distutils python3-venv unzip zip
 
    .. tab-item:: RHEL
 
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ A build matrix showing which packages are working on which systems is shown belo
 
          dnf install epel-release
          dnf group install "Development Tools"
-         dnf install gcc-gfortran redhat-lsb-core python3 unzip
+         dnf install curl findutils gcc-gfortran gnupg2 hostname iproute redhat-lsb-core python3 python3-pip python3-setuptools unzip python3-boto3
 
    .. tab-item:: macOS Brew
 
       .. code-block:: console
 
          brew update
-         brew install gcc git zip
+         brew install curl gcc git gnupg zip
 
 ------------
 Installation
@@ -478,13 +478,6 @@ prefix, you can add them to the ``extra_attributes`` field. Similarly,
 all other fields from the compilers config can be added to the
 ``extra_attributes`` field for an external representing a compiler.
 
-Note that the format for the ``paths`` field in the
-``extra_attributes`` section is different than in the ``compilers``
-config. For compilers configured as external packages, the section is
-named ``compilers`` and the dictionary maps language names (``c``,
-``cxx``, ``fortran``) to paths, rather than using the names ``cc``,
-``fc``, and ``f77``.
-
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
    packages:
@@ -500,10 +493,11 @@ named ``compilers`` and the dictionary maps language names (``c``,
        - spec: llvm+clang@15.0.0 arch=linux-rhel8-skylake
          prefix: /usr
          extra_attributes:
-           compilers:
-             c: /usr/bin/clang-with-suffix
+           paths:
+             cc: /usr/bin/clang-with-suffix
              cxx: /usr/bin/clang++-with-extra-info
-             fortran: /usr/bin/gfortran
+             fc: /usr/bin/gfortran
+             f77: /usr/bin/gfortran
            extra_rpaths:
            - /usr/lib/llvm/
 
@@ -1578,8 +1572,6 @@ Microsoft Visual Studio
 """""""""""""""""""""""
 
 Microsoft Visual Studio provides the only Windows C/C++ compiler that is currently supported by Spack.
-Spack additionally requires that the Windows SDK (including WGL) to be installed as part of your
-visual studio installation as it is required to build many packages from source.
 
 We require several specific components to be included in the Visual Studio installation.
 One is the C/C++ toolset, which can be selected as "Desktop development with C++" or "C++ build tools,"
@@ -1587,7 +1579,6 @@ depending on installation type (Professional, Build Tools, etc.)  The other requ
 "C++ CMake tools for Windows," which can be selected from among the optional packages.
 This provides CMake and Ninja for use during Spack configuration.
 
-
 If you already have Visual Studio installed, you can make sure these components are installed by
 rerunning the installer.  Next to your installation, select "Modify" and look at the
 "Installation details" pane on the right.

lib/spack/docs/index.rst

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 Spack
 ===================
 
+.. epigraph::
+
+   `These are docs for the Spack package manager. For sphere packing, see` `pyspack <https://pyspack.readthedocs.io>`_.
+
 Spack is a package management tool designed to support multiple
 versions and configurations of software on a wide variety of platforms
 and environments.  It was designed for large supercomputing centers,

lib/spack/docs/packaging_guide.rst

@@ -2442,14 +2442,15 @@ with. For example, suppose that in the ``libdwarf`` package you write:
 
    depends_on("libelf@0.8")
 
-Now ``libdwarf`` will require ``libelf`` in the range ``0.8``, which
-includes patch versions ``0.8.1``, ``0.8.2``, etc. Apart from version
-restrictions, you can also specify variants if this package requires
-optional features of the dependency.
+Now ``libdwarf`` will require ``libelf`` at *exactly* version ``0.8``.
+You can also specify a requirement for a particular variant or for
+specific compiler flags:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("libelf@0.8 +parser +pic")
+   depends_on("libelf@0.8+debug")
+   depends_on("libelf debug=True")
+   depends_on("libelf cppflags='-fPIC'")
 
 Both users *and* package authors can use the same spec syntax to refer
 to different package configurations. Users use the spec syntax on the
@@ -2457,82 +2458,46 @@ command line to find installed packages or to install packages with
 particular constraints, and package authors can use specs to describe
 relationships between packages.
 
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Specifying backward and forward compatibility
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Version ranges
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Packages are often compatible with a range of versions of their
-dependencies. This is typically referred to as backward and forward
-compatibility. Spack allows you to specify this in the ``depends_on``
-directive using version ranges.
-
-**Backwards compatibility** means that the package requires at least a
-certain version of its dependency:
+Although some packages require a specific version for their dependencies,
+most can be built with a range of versions. For example, if you are
+writing a package for a legacy Python module that only works with Python
+2.4 through 2.6, this would look like:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("python@3.10:")
+   depends_on("python@2.4:2.6")
 
-In this case, the package requires Python 3.10 or newer.
-
-Commonly, packages drop support for older versions of a dependency as
-they release new versions. In Spack you can conveniently add every
-backward compatibility rule as a separate line:
+Version ranges in Spack are *inclusive*, so ``2.4:2.6`` means any version
+greater than or equal to ``2.4`` and up to and including any ``2.6.x``. If
+you want to specify that a package works with any version of Python 3 (or
+higher), this would look like:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   # backward compatibility with Python
-   depends_on("python@3.8:")
-   depends_on("python@3.9:", when="@1.2:")
-   depends_on("python@3.10:", when="@1.4:")
+   depends_on("python@3:")
 
-This means that in general we need Python 3.8 or newer; from version
-1.2 onwards we need Python 3.9 or newer; from version 1.4 onwards we
-need Python 3.10 or newer. Notice that it's fine to have overlapping
-ranges in the ``when`` clauses.
-
-**Forward compatibility** means that the package requires at most a
-certain version of its dependency. Forward compatibility rules are
-necessary when there are breaking changes in the dependency that the
-package cannot handle. In Spack we often add forward compatibility
-bounds only at the time a new, breaking version of a dependency is
-released. As with backward compatibility, it is typical to see a list
-of forward compatibility bounds in a package file as seperate lines:
+Here we leave out the upper bound. If you want to say that a package
+requires Python 2, you can similarly leave out the lower bound:
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   # forward compatibility with Python
-   depends_on("python@:3.12", when="@:1.10")
-   depends_on("python@:3.13", when="@:1.12")
+   depends_on("python@:2")
 
-Notice how the ``:`` now appears before the version number both in the
-dependency and in the ``when`` clause. This tells Spack that in general
-we need Python 3.13 or older up to version ``1.12.x``, and up to version
-``1.10.x`` we need Python 3.12 or older. Said differently, forward compatibility
-with Python 3.13 was added in version 1.11, while version 1.13 added forward
-compatibility with Python 3.14.
+Notice that we didn't use ``@:3``. Version ranges are *inclusive*, so
+``@:3`` means "up to and including any 3.x version".
 
-Notice that a version range ``@:3.12`` includes *any* patch version
-number ``3.12.x``, which is often useful when specifying forward compatibility
-bounds.
-
-So far we have seen open-ended version ranges, which is by far the most
-common use case. It is also possible to specify both a lower and an upper bound
-on the version of a dependency, like this:
+You can also simply write
 
 .. code-block:: python
 
-   depends_on("python@3.10:3.12")
+   depends_on("python@2.7")
 
-There is short syntax to specify that a package is compatible with say any
-``3.x`` version:
-
-.. code-block:: python
-
-   depends_on("python@3")
-
-The above is equivalent to ``depends_on("python@3:3")``, which means at least
-Python version 3 and at most any version ``3.x.y``.
+to tell Spack that the package needs Python 2.7.x. This is equivalent to
+``@2.7:2.7``.
 
 In very rare cases, you may need to specify an exact version, for example
 if you need to distinguish between ``3.2`` and ``3.2.1``:

lib/spack/docs/requirements.txt

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ python-levenshtein==0.25.1
 docutils==0.20.1
 pygments==2.17.2
 urllib3==2.2.1
-pytest==8.2.0
+pytest==8.1.1
 isort==5.13.2
-black==24.4.2
+black==24.4.0
 flake8==7.0.0
-mypy==1.10.0
+mypy==1.9.0

lib/spack/external/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 * Homepage: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/archspec
 * Usage: Labeling, comparison and detection of microarchitectures
-* Version: 0.2.5 (commit 38ce485258ffc4fc6dd6688f8dc90cb269478c47)
+* Version: 0.2.3 (commit 7b8fe60b69e2861e7dac104bc1c183decfcd3daf)
 
 astunparse
 ----------------

lib/spack/external/archspec/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 """Init file to avoid namespace packages"""
 
-__version__ = "0.2.4"
+__version__ = "0.2.3"

lib/spack/external/archspec/cpu/__init__.py

@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
 """The "cpu" package permits to query and compare different
 CPU microarchitectures.
 """
-from .detect import brand_string, host
+from .detect import host
 from .microarchitecture import (
     TARGETS,
-    InvalidCompilerVersion,
     Microarchitecture,
     UnsupportedMicroarchitecture,
     generic_microarchitecture,
@@ -16,12 +15,10 @@
 )
 
 __all__ = [
-    "brand_string",
-    "host",
-    "TARGETS",
-    "InvalidCompilerVersion",
     "Microarchitecture",
     "UnsupportedMicroarchitecture",
+    "TARGETS",
     "generic_microarchitecture",
+    "host",
     "version_components",
 ]

lib/spack/external/archspec/cpu/detect.py

@@ -47,11 +47,7 @@ def decorator(factory):
 
 
 def partial_uarch(
-    name: str = "",
-    vendor: str = "",
-    features: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
-    generation: int = 0,
-    cpu_part: str = "",
+    name: str = "", vendor: str = "", features: Optional[Set[str]] = None, generation: int = 0
 ) -> Microarchitecture:
     """Construct a partial microarchitecture, from information gathered during system scan."""
     return Microarchitecture(
@@ -61,7 +57,6 @@ def partial_uarch(
         features=features or set(),
         compilers={},
         generation=generation,
-        cpu_part=cpu_part,
     )
 
 
@@ -95,7 +90,6 @@ def proc_cpuinfo() -> Microarchitecture:
         return partial_uarch(
             vendor=_canonicalize_aarch64_vendor(data),
             features=_feature_set(data, key="Features"),
-            cpu_part=data.get("CPU part", ""),
         )
 
     if architecture in (PPC64LE, PPC64):
@@ -161,31 +155,6 @@ def _is_bit_set(self, register: int, bit: int) -> bool:
         mask = 1 << bit
         return register & mask > 0
 
-    def brand_string(self) -> Optional[str]:
-        """Returns the brand string, if available."""
-        if self.highest_extension_support < 0x80000004:
-            return None
-
-        r1 = self.cpuid.registers_for(eax=0x80000002, ecx=0)
-        r2 = self.cpuid.registers_for(eax=0x80000003, ecx=0)
-        r3 = self.cpuid.registers_for(eax=0x80000004, ecx=0)
-        result = struct.pack(
-            "IIIIIIIIIIII",
-            r1.eax,
-            r1.ebx,
-            r1.ecx,
-            r1.edx,
-            r2.eax,
-            r2.ebx,
-            r2.ecx,
-            r2.edx,
-            r3.eax,
-            r3.ebx,
-            r3.ecx,
-            r3.edx,
-        ).decode("utf-8")
-        return result.strip("\x00")
-
 
 @detection(operating_system="Windows")
 def cpuid_info():
@@ -205,8 +174,8 @@ def _check_output(args, env):
 
 
 WINDOWS_MAPPING = {
-    "AMD64": X86_64,
-    "ARM64": AARCH64,
+    "AMD64": "x86_64",
+    "ARM64": "aarch64",
 }
 
 
@@ -351,10 +320,6 @@ def sorting_fn(item):
     generic_candidates = [c for c in candidates if c.vendor == "generic"]
     best_generic = max(generic_candidates, key=sorting_fn)
 
-    # Relevant for AArch64. Filter on "cpu_part" if we have any match
-    if info.cpu_part != "" and any(c for c in candidates if info.cpu_part == c.cpu_part):
-        candidates = [c for c in candidates if info.cpu_part == c.cpu_part]
-
     # Filter the candidates to be descendant of the best generic candidate.
     # This is to avoid that the lack of a niche feature that can be disabled
     # from e.g. BIOS prevents detection of a reasonably performant architecture
@@ -444,16 +409,3 @@ def compatibility_check_for_riscv64(info, target):
     return (target == arch_root or arch_root in target.ancestors) and (
         target.name == info.name or target.vendor == "generic"
     )
-
-
-def brand_string() -> Optional[str]:
-    """Returns the brand string of the host, if detected, or None."""
-    if platform.system() == "Darwin":
-        return _check_output(
-            ["sysctl", "-n", "machdep.cpu.brand_string"], env=_ensure_bin_usrbin_in_path()
-        ).strip()
-
-    if host().family == X86_64:
-        return CpuidInfoCollector().brand_string()
-
-    return None

lib/spack/external/archspec/cpu/microarchitecture.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 # Archspec Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-"""Types and functions to manage information on CPU microarchitectures."""
+"""Types and functions to manage information
+on CPU microarchitectures.
+"""
 import functools
 import platform
 import re
@@ -63,31 +65,23 @@ class Microarchitecture:
                 passed in as argument above.
             * versions: versions that support this micro-architecture.
 
-        generation (int): generation of the micro-architecture, if relevant.
-        cpu_part (str): cpu part of the architecture, if relevant.
+        generation (int): generation of the micro-architecture, if
+            relevant.
     """
 
-    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments,too-many-instance-attributes
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
     #: Aliases for micro-architecture's features
     feature_aliases = FEATURE_ALIASES
 
-    def __init__(self, name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation=0, cpu_part=""):
+    def __init__(self, name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation=0):
         self.name = name
         self.parents = parents
         self.vendor = vendor
         self.features = features
         self.compilers = compilers
-        # Only relevant for PowerPC
         self.generation = generation
-        # Only relevant for AArch64
-        self.cpu_part = cpu_part
-
-        # Cache the "ancestor" computation
+        # Cache the ancestor computation
         self._ancestors = None
-        # Cache the "generic" computation
-        self._generic = None
-        # Cache the "family" computation
-        self._family = None
 
     @property
     def ancestors(self):
@@ -117,12 +111,8 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
             and self.parents == other.parents  # avoid ancestors here
             and self.compilers == other.compilers
             and self.generation == other.generation
-            and self.cpu_part == other.cpu_part
         )
 
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash(self.name)
-
     @coerce_target_names
     def __ne__(self, other):
         return not self == other
@@ -153,8 +143,7 @@ def __repr__(self):
         cls_name = self.__class__.__name__
         fmt = (
             cls_name + "({0.name!r}, {0.parents!r}, {0.vendor!r}, "
-            "{0.features!r}, {0.compilers!r}, generation={0.generation!r}, "
-            "cpu_part={0.cpu_part!r})"
+            "{0.features!r}, {0.compilers!r}, {0.generation!r})"
         )
         return fmt.format(self)
 
@@ -179,22 +168,18 @@ def __contains__(self, feature):
     @property
     def family(self):
         """Returns the architecture family a given target belongs to"""
-        if self._family is None:
         roots = [x for x in [self] + self.ancestors if not x.ancestors]
         msg = "a target is expected to belong to just one architecture family"
         msg += f"[found {', '.join(str(x) for x in roots)}]"
         assert len(roots) == 1, msg
-            self._family = roots.pop()
 
-        return self._family
+        return roots.pop()
 
     @property
     def generic(self):
         """Returns the best generic architecture that is compatible with self"""
-        if self._generic is None:
         generics = [x for x in [self] + self.ancestors if x.vendor == "generic"]
-            self._generic = max(generics, key=lambda x: len(x.ancestors))
-        return self._generic
+        return max(generics, key=lambda x: len(x.ancestors))
 
     def to_dict(self):
         """Returns a dictionary representation of this object."""
@@ -205,7 +190,6 @@ def to_dict(self):
             "generation": self.generation,
             "parents": [str(x) for x in self.parents],
             "compilers": self.compilers,
-            "cpupart": self.cpu_part,
         }
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -218,15 +202,12 @@ def from_dict(data) -> "Microarchitecture":
             features=set(data["features"]),
             compilers=data.get("compilers", {}),
             generation=data.get("generation", 0),
-            cpu_part=data.get("cpupart", ""),
         )
 
     def optimization_flags(self, compiler, version):
         """Returns a string containing the optimization flags that needs
         to be used to produce code optimized for this micro-architecture.
 
-        The version is expected to be a string of dot separated digits.
-
         If there is no information on the compiler passed as argument the
         function returns an empty string. If it is known that the compiler
         version we want to use does not support this architecture the function
@@ -235,11 +216,6 @@ def optimization_flags(self, compiler, version):
         Args:
             compiler (str): name of the compiler to be used
             version (str): version of the compiler to be used
-
-        Raises:
-            UnsupportedMicroarchitecture: if the requested compiler does not support
-                this micro-architecture.
-            ValueError: if the version doesn't match the expected format
         """
         # If we don't have information on compiler at all return an empty string
         if compiler not in self.family.compilers:
@@ -256,14 +232,6 @@ def optimization_flags(self, compiler, version):
             msg = msg.format(compiler, best_target, best_target.family)
             raise UnsupportedMicroarchitecture(msg)
 
-        # Check that the version matches the expected format
-        if not re.match(r"^(?:\d+\.)*\d+$", version):
-            msg = (
-                "invalid format for the compiler version argument. "
-                "Only dot separated digits are allowed."
-            )
-            raise InvalidCompilerVersion(msg)
-
         # If we have information on this compiler we need to check the
         # version being used
         compiler_info = self.compilers[compiler]
@@ -324,7 +292,7 @@ def generic_microarchitecture(name):
     Args:
         name (str): name of the micro-architecture
     """
-    return Microarchitecture(name, parents=[], vendor="generic", features=set(), compilers={})
+    return Microarchitecture(name, parents=[], vendor="generic", features=[], compilers={})
 
 
 def version_components(version):
@@ -377,11 +345,8 @@ def fill_target_from_dict(name, data, targets):
         features = set(values["features"])
         compilers = values.get("compilers", {})
         generation = values.get("generation", 0)
-        cpu_part = values.get("cpupart", "")
 
-        targets[name] = Microarchitecture(
-            name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation=generation, cpu_part=cpu_part
-        )
+        targets[name] = Microarchitecture(name, parents, vendor, features, compilers, generation)
 
     known_targets = {}
     data = archspec.cpu.schema.TARGETS_JSON["microarchitectures"]
@@ -402,15 +367,7 @@ def fill_target_from_dict(name, data, targets):
 TARGETS = LazyDictionary(_known_microarchitectures)
 
 
-class ArchspecError(Exception):
-    """Base class for errors within archspec"""
-
-
-class UnsupportedMicroarchitecture(ArchspecError, ValueError):
+class UnsupportedMicroarchitecture(ValueError):
     """Raised if a compiler version does not support optimization for a given
     micro-architecture.
     """
-
-
-class InvalidCompilerVersion(ArchspecError, ValueError):
-    """Raised when an invalid format is used for compiler versions in archspec."""

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures.json

@@ -1482,6 +1482,7 @@
         "cldemote",
         "movdir64b",
         "movdiri",
+        "pdcm",
         "serialize",
         "waitpkg"
       ],
@@ -2224,92 +2225,10 @@
         ],
         "nvhpc": [
           {
-            "versions": "21.11:23.8",
+            "versions": "21.11:",
 	    "name": "zen3",
             "flags": "-tp {name}",
-	    "warnings": "zen4 is not fully supported by nvhpc versions < 23.9, falling back to zen3"
-          },
-          {
-            "versions": "23.9:",
-            "flags": "-tp {name}"
-          }
-	]
-      }
-    },
-    "zen5": {
-      "from": ["zen4"],
-      "vendor": "AuthenticAMD",
-      "features": [
-        "abm",
-        "aes",
-        "avx",
-        "avx2",
-        "avx512_bf16",
-        "avx512_bitalg",
-        "avx512bw",
-        "avx512cd",
-        "avx512dq",
-        "avx512f",
-        "avx512ifma",
-        "avx512vbmi",
-        "avx512_vbmi2",
-        "avx512vl",
-        "avx512_vnni",
-        "avx512_vp2intersect",
-        "avx512_vpopcntdq",
-        "avx_vnni",
-        "bmi1",
-        "bmi2",
-        "clflushopt",
-        "clwb",
-        "clzero",
-        "cppc",
-        "cx16",
-        "f16c",
-        "flush_l1d",
-        "fma",
-        "fsgsbase",
-        "gfni",
-        "ibrs_enhanced",
-        "mmx",
-        "movbe",
-        "movdir64b",
-        "movdiri",
-        "pclmulqdq",
-        "popcnt",
-        "rdseed",
-        "sse",
-        "sse2",
-        "sse4_1",
-        "sse4_2",
-        "sse4a",
-        "ssse3",
-        "tsc_adjust",
-        "vaes",
-        "vpclmulqdq",
-        "xsavec",
-        "xsaveopt"
-      ],
-      "compilers": {
-        "gcc": [
-          {
-            "versions": "14.1:",
-            "name": "znver5",
-            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
-          }
-        ],
-        "aocc": [
-          {
-            "versions": "5.0:",
-            "name": "znver5",
-            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
-          }
-        ],
-        "clang": [
-          {
-            "versions": "19.1:",
-            "name": "znver5",
-            "flags": "-march={name} -mtune={name}"
+	    "warnings": "zen4 is not fully supported by nvhpc yet, falling back to zen3"
           }
 	]
       }
@@ -2792,8 +2711,7 @@
             "flags": "-mcpu=thunderx2t99"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x0af"
+      }
     },
     "a64fx": {
       "from": ["armv8.2a"],
@@ -2861,8 +2779,7 @@
             "flags": "-march=armv8.2-a+crc+crypto+fp16+sve"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x001"
+      }
     },
     "cortex_a72": {
       "from": ["aarch64"],
@@ -2899,8 +2816,7 @@
                   "flags" : "-mcpu=cortex-a72"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd08"
+      }
     },
     "neoverse_n1": {
       "from": ["cortex_a72", "armv8.2a"],
@@ -2921,7 +2837,8 @@
           "asimdrdm",
           "lrcpc",
           "dcpop",
-          "asimddp"
+          "asimddp",
+          "ssbs"
       ],
       "compilers" : {
           "gcc": [
@@ -2985,8 +2902,7 @@
                   "flags": "-tp {name}"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd0c"
+      }
     },
     "neoverse_v1": {
       "from": ["neoverse_n1", "armv8.4a"],
@@ -3010,6 +2926,8 @@
           "lrcpc",
           "dcpop",
           "sha3",
+          "sm3",
+          "sm4",
           "asimddp",
           "sha512",
           "sve",
@@ -3018,6 +2936,9 @@
           "uscat",
           "ilrcpc",
           "flagm",
+          "ssbs",
+          "paca",
+          "pacg",
           "dcpodp",
           "svei8mm",
           "svebf16",
@@ -3085,7 +3006,7 @@
               },
               {
                   "versions": "11:",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
+                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve+ssbs+fp16+bf16+crypto+i8mm+rng"
               },
               {
                   "versions": "12:",
@@ -3109,8 +3030,7 @@
                   "flags": "-tp {name}"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd40"
+      }
     },
     "neoverse_v2": {
       "from": ["neoverse_n1", "armv9.0a"],
@@ -3134,22 +3054,35 @@
 	  "lrcpc",
 	  "dcpop",
 	  "sha3",
+	  "sm3",
+	  "sm4",
 	  "asimddp",
 	  "sha512",
 	  "sve",
 	  "asimdfhm",
+	  "dit",
 	  "uscat",
 	  "ilrcpc",
 	  "flagm",
+	  "ssbs",
 	  "sb",
+	  "paca",
+	  "pacg",
 	  "dcpodp",
 	  "sve2",
+	  "sveaes",
+	  "svepmull",
+	  "svebitperm",
+	  "svesha3",
+	  "svesm4",
 	  "flagm2",
 	  "frint",
 	  "svei8mm",
 	  "svebf16",
 	  "i8mm",
-	  "bf16"
+	  "bf16",
+	  "dgh",
+	  "bti"
       ],
       "compilers" : {
           "gcc": [
@@ -3174,19 +3107,15 @@
                   "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve -mtune=cortex-a76"
               },
               {
-                  "versions": "10.0:11.3.99",
+                  "versions": "10.0:11.99",
                   "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve+sve2+i8mm+bf16 -mtune=cortex-a77"
               },
               {
-                  "versions": "11.4:11.99",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-v2"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "12.0:12.2.99",
+                  "versions": "12.0:12.99",
                   "flags" : "-march=armv9-a+i8mm+bf16 -mtune=cortex-a710"
               },
 	      {
-                  "versions": "12.3:",
+                  "versions": "13.0:",
                   "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-v2"
               }
           ],
@@ -3221,112 +3150,7 @@
                   "flags": "-tp {name}"
               }
           ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd4f"
-    },
-    "neoverse_n2": {
-      "from": ["neoverse_n1", "armv9.0a"],
-      "vendor": "ARM",
-      "features": [
-          "fp",
-	  "asimd",
-	  "evtstrm",
-	  "aes",
-	  "pmull",
-	  "sha1",
-	  "sha2",
-	  "crc32",
-	  "atomics",
-	  "fphp",
-	  "asimdhp",
-	  "cpuid",
-	  "asimdrdm",
-	  "jscvt",
-	  "fcma",
-	  "lrcpc",
-	  "dcpop",
-	  "sha3",
-	  "asimddp",
-	  "sha512",
-	  "sve",
-	  "asimdfhm",
-	  "uscat",
-	  "ilrcpc",
-	  "flagm",
-	  "sb",
-	  "dcpodp",
-	  "sve2",
-	  "flagm2",
-	  "frint",
-	  "svei8mm",
-	  "svebf16",
-	  "i8mm",
-	  "bf16"
-      ],
-      "compilers" : {
-          "gcc": [
-              {
-                  "versions": "4.8:5.99",
-                  "flags": "-march=armv8-a"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "6:6.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.1-a"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "7.0:7.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.2-a -mtune=cortex-a72"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "8.0:8.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.4-a+sve -mtune=cortex-a72"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "9.0:9.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve -mtune=cortex-a76"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "10.0:10.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve+sve2+i8mm+bf16 -mtune=cortex-a77"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "11.0:",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-n2"
       }
-          ],
-          "clang" : [
-              {
-                  "versions": "9.0:10.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "11.0:13.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv8.5-a+sve+sve2+i8mm+bf16"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "14.0:15.99",
-                  "flags" : "-march=armv9-a+i8mm+bf16"
-              },
-              {
-                  "versions": "16.0:",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-n2"
-              }
-          ],
-          "arm" : [
-              {
-                  "versions": "23.04.0:",
-                  "flags" : "-mcpu=neoverse-n2"
-              }
-          ],
-          "nvhpc" : [
-              {
-                  "versions": "23.3:",
-                  "name": "neoverse-n1",
-                  "flags": "-tp {name}"
-              }
-          ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0xd49"
     },
     "m1": {
       "from": ["armv8.4a"],
@@ -3392,8 +3216,7 @@
             "flags" : "-mcpu=apple-m1"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x022"
+      }
     },
     "m2": {
       "from": ["m1", "armv8.5a"],
@@ -3471,8 +3294,7 @@
             "flags" : "-mcpu=apple-m2"
           }
         ]
-      },
-      "cpupart": "0x032"
+      }
     },
     "arm": {
       "from": [],

lib/spack/external/archspec/json/cpu/microarchitectures_schema.json

@@ -52,9 +52,6 @@
                   }
                 }
               }
-            },
-            "cpupart": {
-              "type": "string"
             }
           },
           "required": [

lib/spack/llnl/path.py

@@ -98,10 +98,3 @@ def path_filter_caller(*args, **kwargs):
     if _func:
         return holder_func(_func)
     return holder_func
-
-
-def sanitize_win_longpath(path: str) -> str:
-    """Strip Windows extended path prefix from strings
-    Returns sanitized string.
-    no-op if extended path prefix is not present"""
-    return path.lstrip("\\\\?\\")

lib/spack/llnl/util/filesystem.py

@@ -187,18 +187,12 @@ def polite_filename(filename: str) -> str:
     return _polite_antipattern().sub("_", filename)
 
 
-def getuid() -> Union[str, int]:
-    """Returns os getuid on non Windows
-    On Windows returns 0 for admin users, login string otherwise
-    This is in line with behavior from get_owner_uid which
-    always returns the login string on Windows
-    """
+def getuid():
     if sys.platform == "win32":
         import ctypes
 
-        # If not admin, use the string name of the login as a unique ID
         if ctypes.windll.shell32.IsUserAnAdmin() == 0:
-            return os.getlogin()
+            return 1
         return 0
     else:
         return os.getuid()
@@ -219,15 +213,6 @@ def _win_rename(src, dst):
     os.replace(src, dst)
 
 
-@system_path_filter
-def msdos_escape_parens(path):
-    """MS-DOS interprets parens as grouping parameters even in a quoted string"""
-    if sys.platform == "win32":
-        return path.replace("(", "^(").replace(")", "^)")
-    else:
-        return path
-
-
 @system_path_filter
 def rename(src, dst):
     # On Windows, os.rename will fail if the destination file already exists
@@ -568,13 +553,7 @@ def exploding_archive_handler(tarball_container, stage):
 
 
 @system_path_filter(arg_slice=slice(1))
-def get_owner_uid(path, err_msg=None) -> Union[str, int]:
-    """Returns owner UID of path destination
-    On non Windows this is the value of st_uid
-    On Windows this is the login string associated with the
-     owning user.
-
-    """
+def get_owner_uid(path, err_msg=None):
     if not os.path.exists(path):
         mkdirp(path, mode=stat.S_IRWXU)
 
@@ -843,7 +822,7 @@ def copy_tree(
             if islink(s):
                 link_target = resolve_link_target_relative_to_the_link(s)
                 if symlinks:
-                    target = readlink(s)
+                    target = os.readlink(s)
                     if os.path.isabs(target):
 
                         def escaped_path(path):
@@ -2450,10 +2429,9 @@ def add_library_dependent(self, *dest):
         """
         for pth in dest:
             if os.path.isfile(pth):
-                new_pth = pathlib.Path(pth).parent
+                self._additional_library_dependents.add(pathlib.Path(pth).parent)
             else:
-                new_pth = pathlib.Path(pth)
-            self._additional_library_dependents.add(new_pth)
+                self._additional_library_dependents.add(pathlib.Path(pth))
 
     @property
     def rpaths(self):
@@ -2531,12 +2509,6 @@ def establish_link(self):
 
         # for each binary install dir in self.pkg (i.e. pkg.prefix.bin, pkg.prefix.lib)
         # install a symlink to each dependent library
-
-        # do not rpath for system libraries included in the dag
-        # we should not be modifying libraries managed by the Windows system
-        # as this will negatively impact linker behavior and can result in permission
-        # errors if those system libs are not modifiable by Spack
-        if "windows-system" not in getattr(self.pkg, "tags", []):
         for library, lib_dir in itertools.product(self.rpaths, self.library_dependents):
             self._link(library, lib_dir)
 

lib/spack/llnl/util/symlink.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 from llnl.util import lang, tty
 
-from ..path import sanitize_win_longpath, system_path_filter
+from ..path import system_path_filter
 
 if sys.platform == "win32":
     from win32file import CreateHardLink
@@ -247,9 +247,9 @@ def _windows_create_junction(source: str, link: str):
     out, err = proc.communicate()
     tty.debug(out.decode())
     if proc.returncode != 0:
-        err_str = err.decode()
-        tty.error(err_str)
-        raise SymlinkError("Make junction command returned a non-zero return code.", err_str)
+        err = err.decode()
+        tty.error(err)
+        raise SymlinkError("Make junction command returned a non-zero return code.", err)
 
 
 def _windows_create_hard_link(path: str, link: str):
@@ -269,14 +269,14 @@ def _windows_create_hard_link(path: str, link: str):
         CreateHardLink(link, path)
 
 
-def readlink(path: str, *, dir_fd=None):
+def readlink(path: str):
     """Spack utility to override of os.readlink method to work cross platform"""
     if _windows_is_hardlink(path):
         return _windows_read_hard_link(path)
     elif _windows_is_junction(path):
         return _windows_read_junction(path)
     else:
-        return sanitize_win_longpath(os.readlink(path, dir_fd=dir_fd))
+        return os.readlink(path)
 
 
 def _windows_read_hard_link(link: str) -> str:

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/color.py

@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@
 
 To output an @, use '@@'.  To output a } inside braces, use '}}'.
 """
-import os
 import re
 import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
@@ -102,29 +101,9 @@ def __init__(self, message):
 # Mapping from color arguments to values for tty.set_color
 color_when_values = {"always": True, "auto": None, "never": False}
 
-
-def _color_when_value(when):
-    """Raise a ValueError for an invalid color setting.
-
-    Valid values are 'always', 'never', and 'auto', or equivalently,
-    True, False, and None.
-    """
-    if when in color_when_values:
-        return color_when_values[when]
-    elif when not in color_when_values.values():
-        raise ValueError("Invalid color setting: %s" % when)
-    return when
-
-
-def _color_from_environ() -> Optional[bool]:
-    try:
-        return _color_when_value(os.environ.get("SPACK_COLOR", "auto"))
-    except ValueError:
-        return None
-
-
-#: When `None` colorize when stdout is tty, when `True` or `False` always or never colorize resp.
-_force_color = _color_from_environ()
+# Force color; None: Only color if stdout is a tty
+# True: Always colorize output, False: Never colorize output
+_force_color = None
 
 
 def try_enable_terminal_color_on_windows():
@@ -185,6 +164,19 @@ def _err_check(result, func, args):
             debug("Unable to support color on Windows terminal")
 
 
+def _color_when_value(when):
+    """Raise a ValueError for an invalid color setting.
+
+    Valid values are 'always', 'never', and 'auto', or equivalently,
+    True, False, and None.
+    """
+    if when in color_when_values:
+        return color_when_values[when]
+    elif when not in color_when_values.values():
+        raise ValueError("Invalid color setting: %s" % when)
+    return when
+
+
 def get_color_when():
     """Return whether commands should print color or not."""
     if _force_color is not None:

lib/spack/llnl/util/tty/log.py

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
 import threading
 import traceback
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from multiprocessing.connection import Connection
 from threading import Thread
 from types import ModuleType
-from typing import Callable, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 
@@ -330,6 +329,49 @@ def close(self):
             self.file.close()
 
 
+class MultiProcessFd:
+    """Return an object which stores a file descriptor and can be passed as an
+    argument to a function run with ``multiprocessing.Process``, such that
+    the file descriptor is available in the subprocess."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fd):
+        self._connection = None
+        self._fd = None
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+            self._connection = multiprocessing.connection.Connection(fd)
+        else:
+            self._fd = fd
+
+    @property
+    def fd(self):
+        if self._connection:
+            return self._connection._handle
+        else:
+            return self._fd
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._connection:
+            self._connection.close()
+        else:
+            os.close(self._fd)
+
+
+def close_connection_and_file(multiprocess_fd, file):
+    # MultiprocessFd is intended to transmit a FD
+    # to a child process, this FD is then opened to a Python File object
+    # (using fdopen). In >= 3.8, MultiprocessFd encapsulates a
+    # multiprocessing.connection.Connection; Connection closes the FD
+    # when it is deleted, and prints a warning about duplicate closure if
+    # it is not explicitly closed. In < 3.8, MultiprocessFd encapsulates a
+    # simple FD; closing the FD here appears to conflict with
+    # closure of the File object (in < 3.8 that is). Therefore this needs
+    # to choose whether to close the File or the Connection.
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+        multiprocess_fd.close()
+    else:
+        file.close()
+
+
 @contextmanager
 def replace_environment(env):
     """Replace the current environment (`os.environ`) with `env`.
@@ -487,20 +529,22 @@ def __enter__(self):
         # forcing debug output.
         self._saved_debug = tty._debug
 
-        # Pipe for redirecting output to logger
-        read_fd, self.write_fd = multiprocessing.Pipe(duplex=False)
+        # OS-level pipe for redirecting output to logger
+        read_fd, write_fd = os.pipe()
 
-        # Pipe for communication back from the daemon
+        read_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd(read_fd)
+
+        # Multiprocessing pipe for communication back from the daemon
         # Currently only used to save echo value between uses
-        self.parent_pipe, child_pipe = multiprocessing.Pipe(duplex=False)
+        self.parent_pipe, child_pipe = multiprocessing.Pipe()
 
         # Sets a daemon that writes to file what it reads from a pipe
         try:
             # need to pass this b/c multiprocessing closes stdin in child.
-            input_fd = None
+            input_multiprocess_fd = None
             try:
                 if sys.stdin.isatty():
-                    input_fd = Connection(os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno()))
+                    input_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd(os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno()))
             except BaseException:
                 # just don't forward input if this fails
                 pass
@@ -509,9 +553,9 @@ def __enter__(self):
                 self.process = multiprocessing.Process(
                     target=_writer_daemon,
                     args=(
-                        input_fd,
-                        read_fd,
-                        self.write_fd,
+                        input_multiprocess_fd,
+                        read_multiprocess_fd,
+                        write_fd,
                         self.echo,
                         self.log_file,
                         child_pipe,
@@ -522,9 +566,9 @@ def __enter__(self):
                 self.process.start()
 
         finally:
-            if input_fd:
-                input_fd.close()
-            read_fd.close()
+            if input_multiprocess_fd:
+                input_multiprocess_fd.close()
+            read_multiprocess_fd.close()
 
         # Flush immediately before redirecting so that anything buffered
         # goes to the original stream
@@ -542,9 +586,9 @@ def __enter__(self):
             self._saved_stderr = os.dup(sys.stderr.fileno())
 
             # redirect to the pipe we created above
-            os.dup2(self.write_fd.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
-            os.dup2(self.write_fd.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())
-            self.write_fd.close()
+            os.dup2(write_fd, sys.stdout.fileno())
+            os.dup2(write_fd, sys.stderr.fileno())
+            os.close(write_fd)
 
         else:
             # Handle I/O the Python way. This won't redirect lower-level
@@ -557,7 +601,7 @@ def __enter__(self):
             self._saved_stderr = sys.stderr
 
             # create a file object for the pipe; redirect to it.
-            pipe_fd_out = os.fdopen(self.write_fd.fileno(), "w", closefd=False)
+            pipe_fd_out = os.fdopen(write_fd, "w")
             sys.stdout = pipe_fd_out
             sys.stderr = pipe_fd_out
 
@@ -593,7 +637,6 @@ def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
         else:
             sys.stdout = self._saved_stdout
             sys.stderr = self._saved_stderr
-            self.write_fd.close()
 
         # print log contents in parent if needed.
         if self.log_file.write_in_parent:
@@ -807,14 +850,14 @@ def force_echo(self):
 
 
 def _writer_daemon(
-    stdin_fd: Optional[Connection],
-    read_fd: Connection,
-    write_fd: Connection,
-    echo: bool,
-    log_file_wrapper: FileWrapper,
-    control_fd: Connection,
-    filter_fn: Optional[Callable[[str], str]],
-) -> None:
+    stdin_multiprocess_fd,
+    read_multiprocess_fd,
+    write_fd,
+    echo,
+    log_file_wrapper,
+    control_pipe,
+    filter_fn,
+):
     """Daemon used by ``log_output`` to write to a log file and to ``stdout``.
 
     The daemon receives output from the parent process and writes it both
@@ -851,37 +894,43 @@ def _writer_daemon(
     ``StringIO`` in the parent. This is mainly for testing.
 
     Arguments:
-        stdin_fd: optional input from the terminal
-        read_fd: pipe for reading from parent's redirected stdout
-        echo: initial echo setting -- controlled by user and preserved across multiple writer
-            daemons
-        log_file_wrapper: file to log all output
-        control_pipe: multiprocessing pipe on which to send control information to the parent
-        filter_fn: optional function to filter each line of output
+        stdin_multiprocess_fd (int): input from the terminal
+        read_multiprocess_fd (int): pipe for reading from parent's redirected
+            stdout
+        echo (bool): initial echo setting -- controlled by user and
+            preserved across multiple writer daemons
+        log_file_wrapper (FileWrapper): file to log all output
+        control_pipe (Pipe): multiprocessing pipe on which to send control
+            information to the parent
+        filter_fn (callable, optional): function to filter each line of output
 
     """
-    # This process depends on closing all instances of write_pipe to terminate the reading loop
-    write_fd.close()
+    # If this process was forked, then it will inherit file descriptors from
+    # the parent process. This process depends on closing all instances of
+    # write_fd to terminate the reading loop, so we close the file descriptor
+    # here. Forking is the process spawning method everywhere except Mac OS
+    # for Python >= 3.8 and on Windows
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 8) or sys.platform != "darwin":
+        os.close(write_fd)
 
     # 1. Use line buffering (3rd param = 1) since Python 3 has a bug
     # that prevents unbuffered text I/O.
     # 2. Python 3.x before 3.7 does not open with UTF-8 encoding by default
-    # 3. closefd=False because Connection has "ownership"
-    read_file = os.fdopen(read_fd.fileno(), "r", 1, encoding="utf-8", closefd=False)
+    in_pipe = os.fdopen(read_multiprocess_fd.fd, "r", 1, encoding="utf-8")
 
-    if stdin_fd:
-        stdin_file = os.fdopen(stdin_fd.fileno(), closefd=False)
+    if stdin_multiprocess_fd:
+        stdin = os.fdopen(stdin_multiprocess_fd.fd)
     else:
-        stdin_file = None
+        stdin = None
 
     # list of streams to select from
-    istreams = [read_file, stdin_file] if stdin_file else [read_file]
+    istreams = [in_pipe, stdin] if stdin else [in_pipe]
     force_echo = False  # parent can force echo for certain output
 
     log_file = log_file_wrapper.unwrap()
 
     try:
-        with keyboard_input(stdin_file) as kb:
+        with keyboard_input(stdin) as kb:
             while True:
                 # fix the terminal settings if we recently came to
                 # the foreground
@@ -894,12 +943,12 @@ def _writer_daemon(
                 # Allow user to toggle echo with 'v' key.
                 # Currently ignores other chars.
                 # only read stdin if we're in the foreground
-                if stdin_file and stdin_file in rlist and not _is_background_tty(stdin_file):
+                if stdin in rlist and not _is_background_tty(stdin):
                     # it's possible to be backgrounded between the above
                     # check and the read, so we ignore SIGTTIN here.
                     with ignore_signal(signal.SIGTTIN):
                         try:
-                            if stdin_file.read(1) == "v":
+                            if stdin.read(1) == "v":
                                 echo = not echo
                         except IOError as e:
                             # If SIGTTIN is ignored, the system gives EIO
@@ -908,13 +957,13 @@ def _writer_daemon(
                             if e.errno != errno.EIO:
                                 raise
 
-                if read_file in rlist:
+                if in_pipe in rlist:
                     line_count = 0
                     try:
                         while line_count < 100:
                             # Handle output from the calling process.
                             try:
-                                line = _retry(read_file.readline)()
+                                line = _retry(in_pipe.readline)()
                             except UnicodeDecodeError:
                                 # installs like --test=root gpgme produce non-UTF8 logs
                                 line = "<line lost: output was not encoded as UTF-8>\n"
@@ -943,7 +992,7 @@ def _writer_daemon(
                                 if xoff in controls:
                                     force_echo = False
 
-                            if not _input_available(read_file):
+                            if not _input_available(in_pipe):
                                 break
                     finally:
                         if line_count > 0:
@@ -958,14 +1007,14 @@ def _writer_daemon(
     finally:
         # send written data back to parent if we used a StringIO
         if isinstance(log_file, io.StringIO):
-            control_fd.send(log_file.getvalue())
+            control_pipe.send(log_file.getvalue())
         log_file_wrapper.close()
-        read_fd.close()
-        if stdin_fd:
-            stdin_fd.close()
+        close_connection_and_file(read_multiprocess_fd, in_pipe)
+        if stdin_multiprocess_fd:
+            close_connection_and_file(stdin_multiprocess_fd, stdin)
 
         # send echo value back to the parent so it can be preserved.
-        control_fd.send(echo)
+        control_pipe.send(echo)
 
 
 def _retry(function):

lib/spack/spack/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
 #: PEP440 canonical <major>.<minor>.<micro>.<devN> string
-__version__ = "0.22.4"
+__version__ = "0.22.0.dev0"
 spack_version = __version__
 
 

lib/spack/spack/audit.py

@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ def _search_duplicate_specs_in_externals(error_cls):
 
 @config_packages
 def _deprecated_preferences(error_cls):
-    """Search package preferences deprecated in v0.21 (and slated for removal in v0.23)"""
-    # TODO (v0.23): remove this audit as the attributes will not be allowed in config
+    """Search package preferences deprecated in v0.21 (and slated for removal in v0.22)"""
+    # TODO (v0.22): remove this audit as the attributes will not be allowed in config
     errors = []
     packages_yaml = spack.config.CONFIG.get_config("packages")
 
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ def check_virtual_with_variants(spec, msg):
                         return
                     error = error_cls(
                         f"{pkg_name}: {msg}",
-                        [f"remove variants from '{spec}' in depends_on directive in {filename}"],
+                        f"remove variants from '{spec}' in depends_on directive in {filename}",
                     )
                     errors.append(error)
 
@@ -1046,7 +1046,7 @@ def _extracts_errors(triggers, summary):
     group="externals",
     tag="PKG-EXTERNALS",
     description="Sanity checks for external software detection",
-    kwargs=("pkgs", "debug_log"),
+    kwargs=("pkgs",),
 )
 
 
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ def packages_with_detection_tests():
 
 
 @external_detection
-def _test_detection_by_executable(pkgs, debug_log, error_cls):
+def _test_detection_by_executable(pkgs, error_cls):
     """Test drive external detection for packages"""
     import spack.detection
 
@@ -1095,7 +1095,6 @@ def _test_detection_by_executable(pkgs, debug_log, error_cls):
         for idx, test_runner in enumerate(
             spack.detection.detection_tests(pkg_name, spack.repo.PATH)
         ):
-            debug_log(f"[{__file__}]: running test {idx} for package {pkg_name}")
             specs = test_runner.execute()
             expected_specs = test_runner.expected_specs
 
@@ -1116,10 +1115,11 @@ def _test_detection_by_executable(pkgs, debug_log, error_cls):
             for candidate in expected_specs:
                 try:
                     idx = specs.index(candidate)
-                    matched_detection.append((candidate, specs[idx]))
                 except (AttributeError, ValueError):
                     pass
 
+                matched_detection.append((candidate, specs[idx]))
+
             def _compare_extra_attribute(_expected, _detected, *, _spec):
                 result = []
                 # Check items are of the same type

lib/spack/spack/binary_distribution.py

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@
 import warnings
 from contextlib import closing
 from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fsys
 import llnl.util.lang
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.filesystem import BaseDirectoryVisitor, mkdirp, visit_directory_tree
-from llnl.util.symlink import readlink
 
 import spack.caches
 import spack.cmd
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ def get_buildfile_manifest(spec):
     #   2. paths are used as strings.
     for rel_path in visitor.symlinks:
         abs_path = os.path.join(root, rel_path)
-        link = readlink(abs_path)
+        link = os.readlink(abs_path)
         if os.path.isabs(link) and link.startswith(spack.store.STORE.layout.root):
             data["link_to_relocate"].append(rel_path)
 
@@ -898,8 +898,9 @@ def url_read_method(url):
         try:
             _, _, spec_file = web_util.read_from_url(url)
             contents = codecs.getreader("utf-8")(spec_file).read()
-        except web_util.SpackWebError as e:
-            tty.error(f"Error reading specfile: {url}: {e}")
+        except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError) as url_err:
+            tty.error("Error reading specfile: {0}".format(url))
+            tty.error(url_err)
         return contents
 
     try:
@@ -2000,7 +2001,6 @@ def install_root_node(spec, unsigned=False, force=False, sha256=None):
     with spack.util.path.filter_padding():
         tty.msg('Installing "{0}" from a buildcache'.format(spec.format()))
         extract_tarball(spec, download_result, force)
-        spec.package.windows_establish_runtime_linkage()
         spack.hooks.post_install(spec, False)
         spack.store.STORE.db.add(spec, spack.store.STORE.layout)
 
@@ -2039,17 +2039,21 @@ def try_direct_fetch(spec, mirrors=None):
         try:
             _, _, fs = web_util.read_from_url(buildcache_fetch_url_signed_json)
             specfile_is_signed = True
-        except web_util.SpackWebError as e1:
+        except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError, HTTPError) as url_err:
             try:
                 _, _, fs = web_util.read_from_url(buildcache_fetch_url_json)
-            except web_util.SpackWebError as e2:
+            except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError, HTTPError) as url_err_x:
                 tty.debug(
-                    f"Did not find {specfile_name} on {buildcache_fetch_url_signed_json}",
-                    e1,
+                    "Did not find {0} on {1}".format(
+                        specfile_name, buildcache_fetch_url_signed_json
+                    ),
+                    url_err,
                     level=2,
                 )
                 tty.debug(
-                    f"Did not find {specfile_name} on {buildcache_fetch_url_json}", e2, level=2
+                    "Did not find {0} on {1}".format(specfile_name, buildcache_fetch_url_json),
+                    url_err_x,
+                    level=2,
                 )
                 continue
         specfile_contents = codecs.getreader("utf-8")(fs).read()
@@ -2134,9 +2138,6 @@ def get_keys(install=False, trust=False, force=False, mirrors=None):
 
     for mirror in mirror_collection.values():
         fetch_url = mirror.fetch_url
-        # TODO: oci:// does not support signing.
-        if fetch_url.startswith("oci://"):
-            continue
         keys_url = url_util.join(
             fetch_url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, BUILD_CACHE_KEYS_RELATIVE_PATH
         )
@@ -2147,12 +2148,19 @@ def get_keys(install=False, trust=False, force=False, mirrors=None):
         try:
             _, _, json_file = web_util.read_from_url(keys_index)
             json_index = sjson.load(codecs.getreader("utf-8")(json_file))
-        except web_util.SpackWebError as url_err:
+        except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError) as url_err:
             if web_util.url_exists(keys_index):
+                err_msg = [
+                    "Unable to find public keys in {0},",
+                    " caught exception attempting to read from {1}.",
+                ]
+
                 tty.error(
-                    f"Unable to find public keys in {url_util.format(fetch_url)},"
-                    f" caught exception attempting to read from {url_util.format(keys_index)}."
+                    "".join(err_msg).format(
+                        url_util.format(fetch_url), url_util.format(keys_index)
                     )
+                )
+
                 tty.debug(url_err)
 
             continue
@@ -2432,7 +2440,7 @@ def get_remote_hash(self):
         url_index_hash = url_util.join(self.url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, "index.json.hash")
         try:
             response = self.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(url_index_hash, headers=self.headers))
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError):
+        except urllib.error.URLError:
             return None
 
         # Validate the hash
@@ -2454,7 +2462,7 @@ def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
 
         try:
             response = self.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(url_index, headers=self.headers))
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
             raise FetchIndexError("Could not fetch index from {}".format(url_index), e) from e
 
         try:
@@ -2495,7 +2503,10 @@ def __init__(self, url, etag, urlopen=web_util.urlopen):
     def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
         # Just do a conditional fetch immediately
         url = url_util.join(self.url, BUILD_CACHE_RELATIVE_PATH, "index.json")
-        headers = {"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT, "If-None-Match": f'"{self.etag}"'}
+        headers = {
+            "User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT,
+            "If-None-Match": '"{}"'.format(self.etag),
+        }
 
         try:
             response = self.urlopen(urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers))
@@ -2503,14 +2514,14 @@ def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
             if e.getcode() == 304:
                 # Not modified; that means fresh.
                 return FetchIndexResult(etag=None, hash=None, data=None, fresh=True)
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Could not fetch index {url}", e) from e
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Could not fetch index {url}", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Could not fetch index {}".format(url), e) from e
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+            raise FetchIndexError("Could not fetch index {}".format(url), e) from e
 
         try:
             result = codecs.getreader("utf-8")(response).read()
         except ValueError as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Remote index {url} is invalid", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Remote index {} is invalid".format(url), e) from e
 
         headers = response.headers
         etag_header_value = headers.get("Etag", None) or headers.get("etag", None)
@@ -2541,19 +2552,21 @@ def conditional_fetch(self) -> FetchIndexResult:
                     headers={"Accept": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json"},
                 )
             )
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Could not fetch manifest from {url_manifest}", e) from e
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+            raise FetchIndexError(
+                "Could not fetch manifest from {}".format(url_manifest), e
+            ) from e
 
         try:
             manifest = json.loads(response.read())
         except Exception as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Remote index {url_manifest} is invalid", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Remote index {} is invalid".format(url_manifest), e) from e
 
         # Get first blob hash, which should be the index.json
         try:
             index_digest = spack.oci.image.Digest.from_string(manifest["layers"][0]["digest"])
         except Exception as e:
-            raise FetchIndexError(f"Remote index {url_manifest} is invalid", e) from e
+            raise FetchIndexError("Remote index {} is invalid".format(url_manifest), e) from e
 
         # Fresh?
         if index_digest.digest == self.local_hash:

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/__init__.py

@@ -5,13 +5,7 @@
 """Function and classes needed to bootstrap Spack itself."""
 
 from .config import ensure_bootstrap_configuration, is_bootstrapping, store_path
-from .core import (
-    all_core_root_specs,
-    ensure_clingo_importable_or_raise,
-    ensure_core_dependencies,
-    ensure_gpg_in_path_or_raise,
-    ensure_patchelf_in_path_or_raise,
-)
+from .core import all_core_root_specs, ensure_core_dependencies, ensure_patchelf_in_path_or_raise
 from .environment import BootstrapEnvironment, ensure_environment_dependencies
 from .status import status_message
 
@@ -19,8 +13,6 @@
     "is_bootstrapping",
     "ensure_bootstrap_configuration",
     "ensure_core_dependencies",
-    "ensure_gpg_in_path_or_raise",
-    "ensure_clingo_importable_or_raise",
     "ensure_patchelf_in_path_or_raise",
     "all_core_root_specs",
     "ensure_environment_dependencies",

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/_common.py

@@ -54,14 +54,10 @@ def _try_import_from_store(
     installed_specs = spack.store.STORE.db.query(query_spec, installed=True)
 
     for candidate_spec in installed_specs:
-        # previously bootstrapped specs may not have a python-venv dependency.
-        if candidate_spec.dependencies("python-venv"):
-            python, *_ = candidate_spec.dependencies("python-venv")
-        else:
-            python, *_ = candidate_spec.dependencies("python")
+        pkg = candidate_spec["python"].package
         module_paths = [
-            os.path.join(candidate_spec.prefix, python.package.purelib),
-            os.path.join(candidate_spec.prefix, python.package.platlib),
+            os.path.join(candidate_spec.prefix, pkg.purelib),
+            os.path.join(candidate_spec.prefix, pkg.platlib),
         ]
         path_before = list(sys.path)
 

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/core.py

@@ -270,6 +270,10 @@ def try_import(self, module: str, abstract_spec_str: str) -> bool:
         with spack_python_interpreter():
             # Add hint to use frontend operating system on Cray
             concrete_spec = spack.spec.Spec(abstract_spec_str + " ^" + spec_for_current_python())
+            # This is needed to help the old concretizer taking the `setuptools` dependency
+            # only when bootstrapping from sources on Python 3.12
+            if spec_for_current_python() == "python@3.12":
+                concrete_spec.constrain("+force_setuptools")
 
             if module == "clingo":
                 # TODO: remove when the old concretizer is deprecated  # pylint: disable=fixme
@@ -534,41 +538,6 @@ def ensure_patchelf_in_path_or_raise() -> spack.util.executable.Executable:
         )
 
 
-def ensure_winsdk_external_or_raise() -> None:
-    """Ensure the Windows SDK + WGL are available on system
-    If both of these package are found, the Spack user or bootstrap
-    configuration (depending on where Spack is running)
-    will be updated to include all versions and variants detected.
-    If either the WDK or WSDK are not found, this method will raise
-    a RuntimeError.
-
-    **NOTE:** This modifies the Spack config in the current scope,
-    either user or environment depending on the calling context.
-    This is different from all other current bootstrap dependency
-    checks.
-    """
-    if set(["win-sdk", "wgl"]).issubset(spack.config.get("packages").keys()):
-        return
-    externals = spack.detection.by_path(["win-sdk", "wgl"])
-    if not set(["win-sdk", "wgl"]) == externals.keys():
-        missing_packages_lst = []
-        if "wgl" not in externals:
-            missing_packages_lst.append("wgl")
-        if "win-sdk" not in externals:
-            missing_packages_lst.append("win-sdk")
-        missing_packages = " & ".join(missing_packages_lst)
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            f"Unable to find the {missing_packages}, please install these packages \
-via the Visual Studio installer \
-before proceeding with Spack or provide the path to a non standard install with \
-'spack external find --path'"
-        )
-    # wgl/sdk are not required for bootstrapping Spack, but
-    # are required for building anything non trivial
-    # add to user config so they can be used by subsequent Spack ops
-    spack.detection.update_configuration(externals, buildable=False)
-
-
 def ensure_core_dependencies() -> None:
     """Ensure the presence of all the core dependencies."""
     if sys.platform.lower() == "linux":
@@ -597,10 +566,7 @@ def bootstrapping_sources(scope: Optional[str] = None):
         current = copy.copy(entry)
         metadata_dir = spack.util.path.canonicalize_path(entry["metadata"])
         metadata_yaml = os.path.join(metadata_dir, METADATA_YAML_FILENAME)
-        try:
         with open(metadata_yaml, encoding="utf-8") as stream:
             current.update(spack.util.spack_yaml.load(stream))
         list_of_sources.append(current)
-        except OSError:
-            pass
     return list_of_sources

lib/spack/spack/bootstrap/environment.py

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 """Bootstrap non-core Spack dependencies from an environment."""
+import glob
 import hashlib
 import os
 import pathlib
 import sys
-from typing import Iterable, List
+import warnings
+from typing import List
 
 import archspec.cpu
 
@@ -26,16 +28,6 @@
 class BootstrapEnvironment(spack.environment.Environment):
     """Environment to install dependencies of Spack for a given interpreter and architecture"""
 
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        if not self.spack_yaml().exists():
-            self._write_spack_yaml_file()
-        super().__init__(self.environment_root())
-
-        # Remove python package roots created before python-venv was introduced
-        for s in self.concrete_roots():
-            if "python" in s.package.extendees and not s.dependencies("python-venv"):
-                self.deconcretize(s)
-
     @classmethod
     def spack_dev_requirements(cls) -> List[str]:
         """Spack development requirements"""
@@ -67,19 +59,31 @@ def view_root(cls) -> pathlib.Path:
         return cls.environment_root().joinpath("view")
 
     @classmethod
-    def bin_dir(cls) -> pathlib.Path:
-        """Paths to be added to PATH"""
-        return cls.view_root().joinpath("bin")
+    def pythonpaths(cls) -> List[str]:
+        """Paths to be added to sys.path or PYTHONPATH"""
+        python_dir_part = f"python{'.'.join(str(x) for x in sys.version_info[:2])}"
+        glob_expr = str(cls.view_root().joinpath("**", python_dir_part, "**"))
+        result = glob.glob(glob_expr)
+        if not result:
+            msg = f"Cannot find any Python path in {cls.view_root()}"
+            warnings.warn(msg)
+        return result
 
-    def python_dirs(self) -> Iterable[pathlib.Path]:
-        python = next(s for s in self.all_specs_generator() if s.name == "python-venv").package
-        return {self.view_root().joinpath(p) for p in (python.platlib, python.purelib)}
+    @classmethod
+    def bin_dirs(cls) -> List[pathlib.Path]:
+        """Paths to be added to PATH"""
+        return [cls.view_root().joinpath("bin")]
 
     @classmethod
     def spack_yaml(cls) -> pathlib.Path:
         """Environment spack.yaml file"""
         return cls.environment_root().joinpath("spack.yaml")
 
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        if not self.spack_yaml().exists():
+            self._write_spack_yaml_file()
+        super().__init__(self.environment_root())
+
     def update_installations(self) -> None:
         """Update the installations of this environment."""
         log_enabled = tty.is_debug() or tty.is_verbose()
@@ -96,13 +100,21 @@ def update_installations(self) -> None:
                 self.install_all()
                 self.write(regenerate=True)
 
-    def load(self) -> None:
-        """Update PATH and sys.path."""
-        # Make executables available (shouldn't need PYTHONPATH)
-        os.environ["PATH"] = f"{self.bin_dir()}{os.pathsep}{os.environ.get('PATH', '')}"
-
-        # Spack itself imports pytest
-        sys.path.extend(str(p) for p in self.python_dirs())
+    def update_syspath_and_environ(self) -> None:
+        """Update ``sys.path`` and the PATH, PYTHONPATH environment variables to point to
+        the environment view.
+        """
+        # Do minimal modifications to sys.path and environment variables. In particular, pay
+        # attention to have the smallest PYTHONPATH / sys.path possible, since that may impact
+        # the performance of the current interpreter
+        sys.path.extend(self.pythonpaths())
+        os.environ["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
+            [str(x) for x in self.bin_dirs()] + os.environ.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)
+        )
+        os.environ["PYTHONPATH"] = os.pathsep.join(
+            os.environ.get("PYTHONPATH", "").split(os.pathsep)
+            + [str(x) for x in self.pythonpaths()]
+        )
 
     def _write_spack_yaml_file(self) -> None:
         tty.msg(
@@ -152,4 +164,4 @@ def ensure_environment_dependencies() -> None:
     _add_externals_if_missing()
     with BootstrapEnvironment() as env:
         env.update_installations()
-        env.load()
+        env.update_syspath_and_environ()

lib/spack/spack/build_environment.py

@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from enum import Flag, auto
 from itertools import chain
-from multiprocessing.connection import Connection
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
+from typing import List, Set, Tuple
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.string import plural
@@ -52,6 +51,7 @@
 from llnl.util.lang import dedupe, stable_partition
 from llnl.util.symlink import symlink
 from llnl.util.tty.color import cescape, colorize
+from llnl.util.tty.log import MultiProcessFd
 
 import spack.build_systems.cmake
 import spack.build_systems.meson
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@
 import spack.store
 import spack.subprocess_context
 import spack.user_environment
-import spack.util.executable
 import spack.util.path
 import spack.util.pattern
 from spack import traverse
@@ -480,12 +479,12 @@ def set_wrapper_variables(pkg, env):
     env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_ID, pkg.spec.format("{name}-{hash:7}"))
     env.set(SPACK_DEBUG_LOG_DIR, spack.main.spack_working_dir)
 
+    # Find ccache binary and hand it to build environment
     if spack.config.get("config:ccache"):
-        # Enable ccache in the compiler wrapper
-        env.set(SPACK_CCACHE_BINARY, spack.util.executable.which_string("ccache", required=True))
-    else:
-        # Avoid cache pollution if a build system forces `ccache <compiler wrapper invocation>`.
-        env.set("CCACHE_DISABLE", "1")
+        ccache = Executable("ccache")
+        if not ccache:
+            raise RuntimeError("No ccache binary found in PATH")
+        env.set(SPACK_CCACHE_BINARY, ccache)
 
     # Gather information about various types of dependencies
     link_deps = set(pkg.spec.traverse(root=False, deptype=("link")))
@@ -731,28 +730,12 @@ def _static_to_shared_library(arch, compiler, static_lib, shared_lib=None, **kwa
     return compiler(*compiler_args, output=compiler_output)
 
 
-def _get_rpath_deps_from_spec(
-    spec: spack.spec.Spec, transitive_rpaths: bool
-) -> List[spack.spec.Spec]:
-    if not transitive_rpaths:
-        return spec.dependencies(deptype=dt.LINK)
-
-    by_name: Dict[str, spack.spec.Spec] = {}
-
-    for dep in spec.traverse(root=False, deptype=dt.LINK):
-        lookup = by_name.get(dep.name)
-        if lookup is None:
-            by_name[dep.name] = dep
-        elif lookup.version < dep.version:
-            by_name[dep.name] = dep
-
-    return list(by_name.values())
-
-
-def get_rpath_deps(pkg: spack.package_base.PackageBase) -> List[spack.spec.Spec]:
-    """Return immediate or transitive dependencies (depending on the package) that need to be
-    rpath'ed. If a package occurs multiple times, the newest version is kept."""
-    return _get_rpath_deps_from_spec(pkg.spec, pkg.transitive_rpaths)
+def get_rpath_deps(pkg):
+    """Return immediate or transitive RPATHs depending on the package."""
+    if pkg.transitive_rpaths:
+        return [d for d in pkg.spec.traverse(root=False, deptype=("link"))]
+    else:
+        return pkg.spec.dependencies(deptype="link")
 
 
 def get_rpaths(pkg):
@@ -1145,60 +1128,18 @@ def get_cmake_prefix_path(pkg):
 
 
 def _setup_pkg_and_run(
-    serialized_pkg: "spack.subprocess_context.PackageInstallContext",
-    function: Callable,
-    kwargs: Dict,
-    write_pipe: Connection,
-    input_pipe: Optional[Connection],
-    jsfd1: Optional[Connection],
-    jsfd2: Optional[Connection],
+    serialized_pkg, function, kwargs, write_pipe, input_multiprocess_fd, jsfd1, jsfd2
 ):
-    """Main entry point in the child process for Spack builds.
-
-    ``_setup_pkg_and_run`` is called by the child process created in
-    ``start_build_process()``, and its main job is to run ``function()`` on behalf of
-    some Spack installation (see :ref:`spack.installer.PackageInstaller._install_task`).
-
-    The child process is passed a ``write_pipe``, on which it's expected to send one of
-    the following:
-
-    * ``StopPhase``: error raised by a build process indicating it's stopping at a
-      particular build phase.
-
-    * ``BaseException``: any exception raised by a child build process, which will be
-      wrapped in ``ChildError`` (which adds a bunch of debug info and log context) and
-      raised in the parent.
-
-    * The return value of ``function()``, which can be anything (except an exception).
-      This is returned to the caller.
-
-    Note: ``jsfd1`` and ``jsfd2`` are passed solely to ensure that the child process
-    does not close these file descriptors. Some ``multiprocessing`` backends will close
-    them automatically in the child if they are not passed at process creation time.
-
-    Arguments:
-        serialized_pkg: Spack package install context object (serialized form of the
-            package that we'll build in the child process).
-        function: function to call in the child process; serialized_pkg is passed to
-            this as the first argument.
-        kwargs: additional keyword arguments to pass to ``function()``.
-        write_pipe: multiprocessing ``Connection`` to the parent process, to which the
-            child *must* send a result (or an error) back to parent on.
-        input_multiprocess_fd: stdin from the parent (not passed currently on Windows)
-        jsfd1: gmake Jobserver file descriptor 1.
-        jsfd2: gmake Jobserver file descriptor 2.
-
-    """
-
     context: str = kwargs.get("context", "build")
 
     try:
-        # We are in the child process. Python sets sys.stdin to open(os.devnull) to prevent our
-        # process and its parent from simultaneously reading from the original stdin. But, we
-        # assume that the parent process is not going to read from it till we are done with the
-        # child, so we undo Python's precaution. closefd=False since Connection has ownership.
-        if input_pipe is not None:
-            sys.stdin = os.fdopen(input_pipe.fileno(), closefd=False)
+        # We are in the child process. Python sets sys.stdin to
+        # open(os.devnull) to prevent our process and its parent from
+        # simultaneously reading from the original stdin. But, we assume
+        # that the parent process is not going to read from it till we
+        # are done with the child, so we undo Python's precaution.
+        if input_multiprocess_fd is not None:
+            sys.stdin = os.fdopen(input_multiprocess_fd.fd)
 
         pkg = serialized_pkg.restore()
 
@@ -1214,14 +1155,13 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
         # Do not create a full ChildError from this, it's not an error
         # it's a control statement.
         write_pipe.send(e)
-    except BaseException as e:
+    except BaseException:
         # catch ANYTHING that goes wrong in the child process
+        exc_type, exc, tb = sys.exc_info()
 
         # Need to unwind the traceback in the child because traceback
         # objects can't be sent to the parent.
-        exc_type = type(e)
-        tb = e.__traceback__
-        tb_string = "".join(traceback.format_exception(exc_type, e, tb))
+        tb_string = traceback.format_exc()
 
         # build up some context from the offending package so we can
         # show that, too.
@@ -1238,8 +1178,8 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
         elif context == "test":
             logfile = os.path.join(pkg.test_suite.stage, pkg.test_suite.test_log_name(pkg.spec))
 
-        error_msg = str(e)
-        if isinstance(e, (spack.multimethod.NoSuchMethodError, AttributeError)):
+        error_msg = str(exc)
+        if isinstance(exc, (spack.multimethod.NoSuchMethodError, AttributeError)):
             process = "test the installation" if context == "test" else "build from sources"
             error_msg = (
                 "The '{}' package cannot find an attribute while trying to {}. "
@@ -1249,7 +1189,7 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
                 "More information at https://spack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/packaging_guide.html#installation-procedure"
             ).format(pkg.name, process, context)
             error_msg = colorize("@*R{{{}}}".format(error_msg))
-            error_msg = "{}\n\n{}".format(str(e), error_msg)
+            error_msg = "{}\n\n{}".format(str(exc), error_msg)
 
         # make a pickleable exception to send to parent.
         msg = "%s: %s" % (exc_type.__name__, error_msg)
@@ -1267,8 +1207,8 @@ def _setup_pkg_and_run(
 
     finally:
         write_pipe.close()
-        if input_pipe is not None:
-            input_pipe.close()
+        if input_multiprocess_fd is not None:
+            input_multiprocess_fd.close()
 
 
 def start_build_process(pkg, function, kwargs):
@@ -1295,9 +1235,23 @@ def child_fun():
     If something goes wrong, the child process catches the error and
     passes it to the parent wrapped in a ChildError.  The parent is
     expected to handle (or re-raise) the ChildError.
+
+    This uses `multiprocessing.Process` to create the child process. The
+    mechanism used to create the process differs on different operating
+    systems and for different versions of Python. In some cases "fork"
+    is used (i.e. the "fork" system call) and some cases it starts an
+    entirely new Python interpreter process (in the docs this is referred
+    to as the "spawn" start method). Breaking it down by OS:
+
+    - Linux always uses fork.
+    - Mac OS uses fork before Python 3.8 and "spawn" for 3.8 and after.
+    - Windows always uses the "spawn" start method.
+
+    For more information on `multiprocessing` child process creation
+    mechanisms, see https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html#contexts-and-start-methods
     """
     read_pipe, write_pipe = multiprocessing.Pipe(duplex=False)
-    input_fd = None
+    input_multiprocess_fd = None
     jobserver_fd1 = None
     jobserver_fd2 = None
 
@@ -1306,13 +1260,14 @@ def child_fun():
     try:
         # Forward sys.stdin when appropriate, to allow toggling verbosity
         if sys.platform != "win32" and sys.stdin.isatty() and hasattr(sys.stdin, "fileno"):
-            input_fd = Connection(os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno()))
+            input_fd = os.dup(sys.stdin.fileno())
+            input_multiprocess_fd = MultiProcessFd(input_fd)
         mflags = os.environ.get("MAKEFLAGS", False)
         if mflags:
             m = re.search(r"--jobserver-[^=]*=(\d),(\d)", mflags)
             if m:
-                jobserver_fd1 = Connection(int(m.group(1)))
-                jobserver_fd2 = Connection(int(m.group(2)))
+                jobserver_fd1 = MultiProcessFd(int(m.group(1)))
+                jobserver_fd2 = MultiProcessFd(int(m.group(2)))
 
         p = multiprocessing.Process(
             target=_setup_pkg_and_run,
@@ -1321,7 +1276,7 @@ def child_fun():
                 function,
                 kwargs,
                 write_pipe,
-                input_fd,
+                input_multiprocess_fd,
                 jobserver_fd1,
                 jobserver_fd2,
             ),
@@ -1341,8 +1296,8 @@ def child_fun():
 
     finally:
         # Close the input stream in the parent process
-        if input_fd is not None:
-            input_fd.close()
+        if input_multiprocess_fd is not None:
+            input_multiprocess_fd.close()
 
     def exitcode_msg(p):
         typ = "exit" if p.exitcode >= 0 else "signal"

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/cmake.py

@@ -39,11 +39,16 @@ def _maybe_set_python_hints(pkg: spack.package_base.PackageBase, args: List[str]
     """Set the PYTHON_EXECUTABLE, Python_EXECUTABLE, and Python3_EXECUTABLE CMake variables
     if the package has Python as build or link dep and ``find_python_hints`` is set to True. See
     ``find_python_hints`` for context."""
-    if not getattr(pkg, "find_python_hints", False) or not pkg.spec.dependencies(
-        "python", dt.BUILD | dt.LINK
-    ):
+    if not getattr(pkg, "find_python_hints", False):
         return
-    python_executable = pkg.spec["python"].command.path
+    pythons = pkg.spec.dependencies("python", dt.BUILD | dt.LINK)
+    if len(pythons) != 1:
+        return
+    try:
+        python_executable = pythons[0].package.command.path
+    except RuntimeError:
+        return
+
     args.extend(
         [
             CMakeBuilder.define("PYTHON_EXECUTABLE", python_executable),

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/compiler.py

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2023 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-import itertools
-import os
-import pathlib
-import re
-import sys
-from typing import Dict, List, Sequence, Tuple, Union
-
-import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.lang import classproperty
-
-import spack.compiler
-import spack.package_base
-
-# Local "type" for type hints
-Path = Union[str, pathlib.Path]
-
-
-class CompilerPackage(spack.package_base.PackageBase):
-    """A Package mixin for all common logic for packages that implement compilers"""
-
-    # TODO: how do these play nicely with other tags
-    tags: Sequence[str] = ["compiler"]
-
-    #: Optional suffix regexes for searching for this type of compiler.
-    #: Suffixes are used by some frameworks, e.g. macports uses an '-mp-X.Y'
-    #: version suffix for gcc.
-    compiler_suffixes: List[str] = [r"-.*"]
-
-    #: Optional prefix regexes for searching for this compiler
-    compiler_prefixes: List[str] = []
-
-    #: Compiler argument(s) that produces version information
-    #: If multiple arguments, the earlier arguments must produce errors when invalid
-    compiler_version_argument: Union[str, Tuple[str]] = "-dumpversion"
-
-    #: Regex used to extract version from compiler's output
-    compiler_version_regex: str = "(.*)"
-
-    #: Static definition of languages supported by this class
-    compiler_languages: Sequence[str] = ["c", "cxx", "fortran"]
-
-    def __init__(self, spec: "spack.spec.Spec"):
-        super().__init__(spec)
-        msg = f"Supported languages for {spec} are not a subset of possible supported languages"
-        msg += f"    supports: {self.supported_languages}, valid values: {self.compiler_languages}"
-        assert set(self.supported_languages) <= set(self.compiler_languages), msg
-
-    @property
-    def supported_languages(self) -> Sequence[str]:
-        """Dynamic definition of languages supported by this package"""
-        return self.compiler_languages
-
-    @classproperty
-    def compiler_names(cls) -> Sequence[str]:
-        """Construct list of compiler names from per-language names"""
-        names = []
-        for language in cls.compiler_languages:
-            names.extend(getattr(cls, f"{language}_names"))
-        return names
-
-    @classproperty
-    def executables(cls) -> Sequence[str]:
-        """Construct executables for external detection from names, prefixes, and suffixes."""
-        regexp_fmt = r"^({0}){1}({2})$"
-        prefixes = [""] + cls.compiler_prefixes
-        suffixes = [""] + cls.compiler_suffixes
-        if sys.platform == "win32":
-            ext = r"\.(?:exe|bat)"
-            suffixes += [suf + ext for suf in suffixes]
-        return [
-            regexp_fmt.format(prefix, re.escape(name), suffix)
-            for prefix, name, suffix in itertools.product(prefixes, cls.compiler_names, suffixes)
-        ]
-
-    @classmethod
-    def determine_version(cls, exe: Path):
-        version_argument = cls.compiler_version_argument
-        if isinstance(version_argument, str):
-            version_argument = (version_argument,)
-
-        for va in version_argument:
-            try:
-                output = spack.compiler.get_compiler_version_output(exe, va)
-                match = re.search(cls.compiler_version_regex, output)
-                if match:
-                    return ".".join(match.groups())
-            except spack.util.executable.ProcessError:
-                pass
-            except Exception as e:
-                tty.debug(
-                    f"[{__file__}] Cannot detect a valid version for the executable "
-                    f"{str(exe)}, for package '{cls.name}': {e}"
-                )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def compiler_bindir(cls, prefix: Path) -> Path:
-        """Overridable method for the location of the compiler bindir within the preifx"""
-        return os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
-
-    @classmethod
-    def determine_compiler_paths(cls, exes: Sequence[Path]) -> Dict[str, Path]:
-        """Compute the paths to compiler executables associated with this package
-
-        This is a helper method for ``determine_variants`` to compute the ``extra_attributes``
-        to include with each spec object."""
-        # There are often at least two copies (not symlinks) of each compiler executable in the
-        # same directory: one with a canonical name, e.g. "gfortran", and another one with the
-        # target prefix, e.g. "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gfortran". There also might be a copy of "gcc"
-        # with the version suffix, e.g. "x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc-6.3.0". To ensure the consistency
-        # of values in the "paths" dictionary (i.e. we prefer all of them to reference copies
-        # with canonical names if possible), we iterate over the executables in the reversed sorted
-        # order:
-        # First pass over languages identifies exes that are perfect matches for canonical names
-        # Second pass checks for names with prefix/suffix
-        # Second pass is sorted by language name length because longer named languages
-        # e.g. cxx can often contain the names of shorter named languages
-        # e.g. c (e.g. clang/clang++)
-        paths = {}
-        exes = sorted(exes, reverse=True)
-        languages = {
-            lang: getattr(cls, f"{lang}_names")
-            for lang in sorted(cls.compiler_languages, key=len, reverse=True)
-        }
-        for exe in exes:
-            for lang, names in languages.items():
-                if os.path.basename(exe) in names:
-                    paths[lang] = exe
-                    break
-            else:
-                for lang, names in languages.items():
-                    if any(name in os.path.basename(exe) for name in names):
-                        paths[lang] = exe
-                        break
-
-        return paths
-
-    @classmethod
-    def determine_variants(cls, exes: Sequence[Path], version_str: str) -> Tuple:
-        # path determination is separated so it can be reused in subclasses
-        return "", {"compilers": cls.determine_compiler_paths(exes=exes)}

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/nmake.py

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def install(self, pkg, spec, prefix):
         opts += self.nmake_install_args()
         if self.makefile_name:
             opts.append("/F{}".format(self.makefile_name))
-        opts.append(self.define("PREFIX", fs.windows_sfn(prefix)))
+        opts.append(self.define("PREFIX", prefix))
         with fs.working_dir(self.build_directory):
             inspect.getmodule(self.pkg).nmake(
                 *opts, *self.install_targets, ignore_quotes=self.ignore_quotes

lib/spack/spack/build_systems/python.py

@@ -138,21 +138,16 @@ def view_file_conflicts(self, view, merge_map):
         return conflicts
 
     def add_files_to_view(self, view, merge_map, skip_if_exists=True):
-        # Patch up shebangs if the package extends Python and we put a Python interpreter in the
-        # view.
-        if not self.extendee_spec:
-            return super().add_files_to_view(view, merge_map, skip_if_exists)
-
-        python, *_ = self.spec.dependencies("python-venv") or self.spec.dependencies("python")
-
-        if python.external:
+        # Patch up shebangs to the python linked in the view only if python is built by Spack.
+        if not self.extendee_spec or self.extendee_spec.external:
             return super().add_files_to_view(view, merge_map, skip_if_exists)
 
         # We only patch shebangs in the bin directory.
         copied_files: Dict[Tuple[int, int], str] = {}  # File identifier -> source
         delayed_links: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []  # List of symlinks from merge map
-        bin_dir = self.spec.prefix.bin
 
+        bin_dir = self.spec.prefix.bin
+        python_prefix = self.extendee_spec.prefix
         for src, dst in merge_map.items():
             if skip_if_exists and os.path.lexists(dst):
                 continue
@@ -173,7 +168,7 @@ def add_files_to_view(self, view, merge_map, skip_if_exists=True):
                 copied_files[(s.st_dev, s.st_ino)] = dst
                 shutil.copy2(src, dst)
                 fs.filter_file(
-                    python.prefix, os.path.abspath(view.get_projection_for_spec(self.spec)), dst
+                    python_prefix, os.path.abspath(view.get_projection_for_spec(self.spec)), dst
                 )
             else:
                 view.link(src, dst)
@@ -204,13 +199,14 @@ def remove_files_from_view(self, view, merge_map):
                 ignore_namespace = True
 
         bin_dir = self.spec.prefix.bin
+        global_view = self.extendee_spec.prefix == view.get_projection_for_spec(self.spec)
 
         to_remove = []
         for src, dst in merge_map.items():
             if ignore_namespace and namespace_init(dst):
                 continue
 
-            if not fs.path_contains_subdirectory(src, bin_dir):
+            if global_view or not fs.path_contains_subdirectory(src, bin_dir):
                 to_remove.append(dst)
             else:
                 os.remove(dst)
@@ -366,12 +362,6 @@ def list_url(cls) -> Optional[str]:  # type: ignore[override]
             return f"https://pypi.org/simple/{name}/"
         return None
 
-    @property
-    def python_spec(self):
-        """Get python-venv if it exists or python otherwise."""
-        python, *_ = self.spec.dependencies("python-venv") or self.spec.dependencies("python")
-        return python
-
     @property
     def headers(self) -> HeaderList:
         """Discover header files in platlib."""
@@ -381,9 +371,8 @@ def headers(self) -> HeaderList:
 
         # Headers should only be in include or platlib, but no harm in checking purelib too
         include = self.prefix.join(self.spec["python"].package.include).join(name)
-        python = self.python_spec
-        platlib = self.prefix.join(python.package.platlib).join(name)
-        purelib = self.prefix.join(python.package.purelib).join(name)
+        platlib = self.prefix.join(self.spec["python"].package.platlib).join(name)
+        purelib = self.prefix.join(self.spec["python"].package.purelib).join(name)
 
         headers_list = map(fs.find_all_headers, [include, platlib, purelib])
         headers = functools.reduce(operator.add, headers_list)
@@ -402,9 +391,8 @@ def libs(self) -> LibraryList:
         name = self.spec.name[3:]
 
         # Libraries should only be in platlib, but no harm in checking purelib too
-        python = self.python_spec
-        platlib = self.prefix.join(python.package.platlib).join(name)
-        purelib = self.prefix.join(python.package.purelib).join(name)
+        platlib = self.prefix.join(self.spec["python"].package.platlib).join(name)
+        purelib = self.prefix.join(self.spec["python"].package.purelib).join(name)
 
         find_all_libraries = functools.partial(fs.find_all_libraries, recursive=True)
         libs_list = map(find_all_libraries, [platlib, purelib])
@@ -516,8 +504,6 @@ def global_options(self, spec: Spec, prefix: Prefix) -> Iterable[str]:
 
     def install(self, pkg: PythonPackage, spec: Spec, prefix: Prefix) -> None:
         """Install everything from build directory."""
-        pip = spec["python"].command
-        pip.add_default_arg("-m", "pip")
 
         args = PythonPipBuilder.std_args(pkg) + [f"--prefix={prefix}"]
 
@@ -533,6 +519,14 @@ def install(self, pkg: PythonPackage, spec: Spec, prefix: Prefix) -> None:
         else:
             args.append(".")
 
+        pip = spec["python"].command
+        # Hide user packages, since we don't have build isolation. This is
+        # necessary because pip / setuptools may run hooks from arbitrary
+        # packages during the build. There is no equivalent variable to hide
+        # system packages, so this is not reliable for external Python.
+        pip.add_default_env("PYTHONNOUSERSITE", "1")
+        pip.add_default_arg("-m")
+        pip.add_default_arg("pip")
         with fs.working_dir(self.build_directory):
             pip(*args)
 

lib/spack/spack/ci.py

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 from urllib.request import HTTPHandler, Request, build_opener
 
-import ruamel.yaml
-
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.lang import memoized
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@
 from spack import traverse
 from spack.error import SpackError
 from spack.reporters import CDash, CDashConfiguration
-from spack.reporters.cdash import SPACK_CDASH_TIMEOUT
 from spack.reporters.cdash import build_stamp as cdash_build_stamp
 
 # See https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#retry for descriptions of conditions
@@ -686,22 +683,6 @@ def generate_gitlab_ci_yaml(
             "instead.",
         )
 
-    def ensure_expected_target_path(path):
-        """Returns passed paths with all Windows path separators exchanged
-        for posix separators only if copy_only_pipeline is enabled
-
-        This is required as copy_only_pipelines are a unique scenario where
-        the generate job and child pipelines are run on different platforms.
-        To make this compatible w/ Windows, we cannot write Windows style path separators
-        that will be consumed on by the Posix copy job runner.
-
-        TODO (johnwparent): Refactor config + cli read/write to deal only in posix
-        style paths
-        """
-        if copy_only_pipeline and path:
-            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
-        return path
-
     pipeline_mirrors = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection(binary=True)
     deprecated_mirror_config = False
     buildcache_destination = None
@@ -825,7 +806,7 @@ def ensure_expected_target_path(path):
             if scope not in include_scopes and scope not in env_includes:
                 include_scopes.insert(0, scope)
         env_includes.extend(include_scopes)
-        env_yaml_root["spack"]["include"] = [ensure_expected_target_path(i) for i in env_includes]
+        env_yaml_root["spack"]["include"] = env_includes
 
         if "gitlab-ci" in env_yaml_root["spack"] and "ci" not in env_yaml_root["spack"]:
             env_yaml_root["spack"]["ci"] = env_yaml_root["spack"].pop("gitlab-ci")
@@ -1113,7 +1094,7 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
     if cdash_handler and cdash_handler.auth_token:
         try:
             cdash_handler.populate_buildgroup(all_job_names)
-        except (SpackError, HTTPError, URLError, TimeoutError) as err:
+        except (SpackError, HTTPError, URLError) as err:
             tty.warn(f"Problem populating buildgroup: {err}")
     else:
         tty.warn("Unable to populate buildgroup without CDash credentials")
@@ -1246,9 +1227,6 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
             "SPACK_REBUILD_EVERYTHING": str(rebuild_everything),
             "SPACK_REQUIRE_SIGNING": os.environ.get("SPACK_REQUIRE_SIGNING", "False"),
         }
-        output_vars = output_object["variables"]
-        for item, val in output_vars.items():
-            output_vars[item] = ensure_expected_target_path(val)
 
         # TODO: Remove this block in Spack 0.23
         if deprecated_mirror_config and remote_mirror_override:
@@ -1305,6 +1283,7 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
     sorted_output = {}
     for output_key, output_value in sorted(output_object.items()):
         sorted_output[output_key] = output_value
+
     if known_broken_specs_encountered:
         tty.error("This pipeline generated hashes known to be broken on develop:")
         display_broken_spec_messages(broken_specs_url, known_broken_specs_encountered)
@@ -1312,11 +1291,8 @@ def main_script_replacements(cmd):
         if not rebuild_everything:
             sys.exit(1)
 
-    # Minimize yaml output size through use of anchors
-    syaml.anchorify(sorted_output)
-
-    with open(output_file, "w") as f:
-        ruamel.yaml.YAML().dump(sorted_output, f)
+    with open(output_file, "w") as outf:
+        outf.write(syaml.dump(sorted_output, default_flow_style=True))
 
 
 def _url_encode_string(input_string):
@@ -1502,12 +1478,6 @@ def copy_test_logs_to_artifacts(test_stage, job_test_dir):
     copy_files_to_artifacts(os.path.join(test_stage, "*", "*.txt"), job_test_dir)
 
 
-def win_quote(quote_str: str) -> str:
-    if IS_WINDOWS:
-        quote_str = f'"{quote_str}"'
-    return quote_str
-
-
 def download_and_extract_artifacts(url, work_dir):
     """Look for gitlab artifacts.zip at the given url, and attempt to download
         and extract the contents into the given work_dir
@@ -1530,7 +1500,7 @@ def download_and_extract_artifacts(url, work_dir):
     request = Request(url, headers=headers)
     request.get_method = lambda: "GET"
 
-    response = opener.open(request, timeout=SPACK_CDASH_TIMEOUT)
+    response = opener.open(request)
     response_code = response.getcode()
 
     if response_code != 200:
@@ -1972,9 +1942,9 @@ def compose_command_err_handling(args):
         # but we need to handle EXEs (git, etc) ourselves
         catch_exe_failure = (
             """
-if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0){{
-    throw 'Command {} has failed'
-}}
+if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0){
+    throw "Command {} has failed"
+}
 """
             if IS_WINDOWS
             else ""
@@ -2100,7 +2070,7 @@ def read_broken_spec(broken_spec_url):
     """
     try:
         _, _, fs = web_util.read_from_url(broken_spec_url)
-    except web_util.SpackWebError:
+    except (URLError, web_util.SpackWebError, HTTPError):
         tty.warn(f"Unable to read broken spec from {broken_spec_url}")
         return None
 
@@ -2206,13 +2176,13 @@ def __init__(self, ci_cdash):
     def args(self):
         return [
             "--cdash-upload-url",
-            win_quote(self.upload_url),
+            self.upload_url,
             "--cdash-build",
-            win_quote(self.build_name),
+            self.build_name,
             "--cdash-site",
-            win_quote(self.site),
+            self.site,
             "--cdash-buildstamp",
-            win_quote(self.build_stamp),
+            self.build_stamp,
         ]
 
     @property  # type: ignore
@@ -2278,7 +2248,7 @@ def create_buildgroup(self, opener, headers, url, group_name, group_type):
 
         request = Request(url, data=enc_data, headers=headers)
 
-        response = opener.open(request, timeout=SPACK_CDASH_TIMEOUT)
+        response = opener.open(request)
         response_code = response.getcode()
 
         if response_code not in [200, 201]:
@@ -2324,7 +2294,7 @@ def populate_buildgroup(self, job_names):
         request = Request(url, data=enc_data, headers=headers)
         request.get_method = lambda: "PUT"
 
-        response = opener.open(request, timeout=SPACK_CDASH_TIMEOUT)
+        response = opener.open(request)
         response_code = response.getcode()
 
         if response_code != 200:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/audit.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def externals(parser, args):
         return
 
     pkgs = args.name or spack.repo.PATH.all_package_names()
-    reports = spack.audit.run_group(args.subcommand, pkgs=pkgs, debug_log=tty.debug)
+    reports = spack.audit.run_group(args.subcommand, pkgs=pkgs)
     _process_reports(reports)
 
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/bootstrap.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
+import argparse
 import os.path
 import shutil
 import sys
@@ -67,13 +68,21 @@
 }
 
 
+class AllSources:
+    """Iterator for bootstrapping sources. Every __iter__ call uses current config, which is robust
+    in tests."""
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        yield from (s["name"] for s in spack.bootstrap.core.bootstrapping_sources())
+
+
 def _add_scope_option(parser):
     parser.add_argument(
         "--scope", action=arguments.ConfigScope, help="configuration scope to read/modify"
     )
 
 
-def setup_parser(subparser):
+def setup_parser(subparser: argparse.ArgumentParser):
     sp = subparser.add_subparsers(dest="subcommand")
 
     now = sp.add_parser("now", help="Spack ready, right now!")
@@ -122,7 +131,9 @@ def setup_parser(subparser):
     add.add_argument("metadata_dir", help="directory where to find metadata files")
 
     remove = sp.add_parser("remove", help="remove a bootstrapping source")
-    remove.add_argument("name", help="name of the source to be removed")
+    remove.add_argument(
+        "name", nargs="+", choices=AllSources(), help=argparse.SUPPRESS, metavar="name"
+    )
 
     mirror = sp.add_parser("mirror", help="create a local mirror to bootstrap Spack")
     mirror.add_argument(
@@ -197,6 +208,11 @@ def _root(args):
 
 def _list(args):
     sources = spack.bootstrap.core.bootstrapping_sources(scope=args.scope)
+    if not sys.stdout.isatty():
+        for source in sources:
+            print(source["name"])
+        return
+
     if not sources:
         llnl.util.tty.msg("No method available for bootstrapping Spack's dependencies")
         return
@@ -356,31 +372,35 @@ def _add(args):
 
 
 def _remove(args):
-    initial_sources = spack.bootstrap.core.bootstrapping_sources()
-    names = [s["name"] for s in initial_sources]
-    if args.name not in names:
-        msg = (
-            'cannot find any bootstrapping source named "{0}". '
-            "Run `spack bootstrap list` to see available sources."
+    configured = set(AllSources())
+    removable = set(args.name)
+    unknown = removable - configured
+
+    if unknown:
+        if not configured:
+            raise RuntimeError("no bootstrapping sources are configured")
+        unknown_str = ", ".join(f'"{name}"' for name in removable)
+        known_str = ", ".join(f'"{name}"' for name in configured)
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"cannot find any bootstrapping source named {unknown_str}. "
+            f"Choose from {known_str}."
         )
-        raise RuntimeError(msg.format(args.name))
 
     for current_scope in spack.config.scopes():
         sources = spack.config.get("bootstrap:sources", scope=current_scope) or []
-        if args.name in [s["name"] for s in sources]:
-            sources = [s for s in sources if s["name"] != args.name]
-            spack.config.set("bootstrap:sources", sources, scope=current_scope)
-            msg = (
-                'Removed the bootstrapping source named "{0}" from the '
-                '"{1}" configuration scope.'
-            )
-            llnl.util.tty.msg(msg.format(args.name, current_scope))
         trusted = spack.config.get("bootstrap:trusted", scope=current_scope) or []
-        if args.name in trusted:
-            trusted.pop(args.name)
+        for name in removable:
+            if any(name == s["name"] for s in sources):
+                sources = [s for s in sources if s["name"] != name]
+                spack.config.set("bootstrap:sources", sources, scope=current_scope)
+                llnl.util.tty.msg(
+                    f'Removed the bootstrapping source named "{name}" from the '
+                    f'"{current_scope}" configuration scope.'
+                )
+            if name in trusted:
+                trusted.pop(name)
                 spack.config.set("bootstrap:trusted", trusted, scope=current_scope)
-            msg = 'Deleting information on "{0}" from list of trusted sources'
-            llnl.util.tty.msg(msg.format(args.name))
+                llnl.util.tty.msg(f'Deleting information on "{name}" from list of trusted sources')
 
 
 def _mirror(args):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/buildcache.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 import shutil
 import sys
 import tempfile
+import urllib.request
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
@@ -53,7 +54,6 @@
 from spack.oci.oci import (
     copy_missing_layers_with_retry,
     get_manifest_and_config_with_retry,
-    list_tags,
     upload_blob_with_retry,
     upload_manifest_with_retry,
 )
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ def _push_oci(
 
     def extra_config(spec: Spec):
         spec_dict = spec.to_dict(hash=ht.dag_hash)
-        spec_dict["buildcache_layout_version"] = bindist.CURRENT_BUILD_CACHE_LAYOUT_VERSION
+        spec_dict["buildcache_layout_version"] = 1
         spec_dict["binary_cache_checksum"] = {
             "hash_algorithm": "sha256",
             "hash": checksums[spec.dag_hash()].compressed_digest.digest,
@@ -856,7 +856,10 @@ def _config_from_tag(image_ref: ImageReference, tag: str) -> Optional[dict]:
 
 
 def _update_index_oci(image_ref: ImageReference, tmpdir: str, pool: MaybePool) -> None:
-    tags = list_tags(image_ref)
+    request = urllib.request.Request(url=image_ref.tags_url())
+    response = spack.oci.opener.urlopen(request)
+    spack.oci.opener.ensure_status(request, response, 200)
+    tags = json.load(response)["tags"]
 
     # Fetch all image config files in parallel
     spec_dicts = pool.starmap(

lib/spack/spack/cmd/ci.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 level = "long"
 
 SPACK_COMMAND = "spack"
+MAKE_COMMAND = "make"
 INSTALL_FAIL_CODE = 1
 FAILED_CREATE_BUILDCACHE_CODE = 100
 
@@ -39,12 +40,6 @@ def deindent(desc):
     return desc.replace("    ", "")
 
 
-def unicode_escape(path: str) -> str:
-    """Returns transformed path with any unicode
-    characters replaced with their corresponding escapes"""
-    return path.encode("unicode-escape").decode("utf-8")
-
-
 def setup_parser(subparser):
     setup_parser.parser = subparser
     subparsers = subparser.add_subparsers(help="CI sub-commands")
@@ -556,35 +551,75 @@ def ci_rebuild(args):
     # No hash match anywhere means we need to rebuild spec
 
     # Start with spack arguments
-    spack_cmd = [SPACK_COMMAND, "--color=always", "--backtrace", "--verbose", "install"]
+    spack_cmd = [SPACK_COMMAND, "--color=always", "--backtrace", "--verbose"]
 
     config = cfg.get("config")
     if not config["verify_ssl"]:
         spack_cmd.append("-k")
 
-    install_args = [f'--use-buildcache={spack_ci.win_quote("package:never,dependencies:only")}']
+    install_args = []
 
     can_verify = spack_ci.can_verify_binaries()
     verify_binaries = can_verify and spack_is_pr_pipeline is False
     if not verify_binaries:
         install_args.append("--no-check-signature")
 
-    slash_hash = spack_ci.win_quote("/" + job_spec.dag_hash())
+    slash_hash = "/{}".format(job_spec.dag_hash())
+
+    # Arguments when installing dependencies from cache
+    deps_install_args = install_args
 
     # Arguments when installing the root from sources
-    deps_install_args = install_args + ["--only=dependencies"]
-    root_install_args = install_args + ["--keep-stage", "--only=package"]
-
+    root_install_args = install_args + [
+        "--keep-stage",
+        "--only=package",
+        "--use-buildcache=package:never,dependencies:only",
+    ]
     if cdash_handler:
         # Add additional arguments to `spack install` for CDash reporting.
         root_install_args.extend(cdash_handler.args())
+    root_install_args.append(slash_hash)
+
+    # ["x", "y"] -> "'x' 'y'"
+    args_to_string = lambda args: " ".join("'{}'".format(arg) for arg in args)
 
     commands = [
         # apparently there's a race when spack bootstraps? do it up front once
-        [SPACK_COMMAND, "-e", unicode_escape(env.path), "bootstrap", "now"],
-        spack_cmd + deps_install_args + [slash_hash],
-        spack_cmd + root_install_args + [slash_hash],
+        [SPACK_COMMAND, "-e", env.path, "bootstrap", "now"],
+        [
+            SPACK_COMMAND,
+            "-e",
+            env.path,
+            "env",
+            "depfile",
+            "-o",
+            "Makefile",
+            "--use-buildcache=package:never,dependencies:only",
+            slash_hash,  # limit to spec we're building
+        ],
+        [
+            # --output-sync requires GNU make 4.x.
+            # Old make errors when you pass it a flag it doesn't recognize,
+            # but it doesn't error or warn when you set unrecognized flags in
+            # this variable.
+            "export",
+            "GNUMAKEFLAGS=--output-sync=recurse",
+        ],
+        [
+            MAKE_COMMAND,
+            "SPACK={}".format(args_to_string(spack_cmd)),
+            "SPACK_COLOR=always",
+            "SPACK_INSTALL_FLAGS={}".format(args_to_string(deps_install_args)),
+            "-j$(nproc)",
+            "install-deps/{}".format(
+                spack.environment.depfile.MakefileSpec(job_spec).safe_format(
+                    "{name}-{version}-{hash}"
+                )
+            ),
+        ],
+        spack_cmd + ["install"] + root_install_args,
     ]
+
     tty.debug("Installing {0} from source".format(job_spec.name))
     install_exit_code = spack_ci.process_command("install", commands, repro_dir)
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/commands.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from argparse import ArgumentParser, Namespace
 from typing import IO, Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Union
 
+import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.argparsewriter import ArgparseRstWriter, ArgparseWriter, Command
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
@@ -580,6 +581,8 @@ def positionals(
 
         for idx, (args, choices, nargs, help) in enumerate(positionals):
             # Make sure we always get same order of output
+            if not help:  # this means SUPPRESS was used.
+                choices = None
             if isinstance(choices, dict):
                 choices = sorted(choices.keys())
             elif isinstance(choices, (set, frozenset)):
@@ -866,6 +869,9 @@ def _commands(parser: ArgumentParser, args: Namespace) -> None:
             prepend_header(args, f)
             formatter(args, f)
 
+        if args.update_completion:
+            fs.set_executable(args.update)
+
     else:
         prepend_header(args, sys.stdout)
         formatter(args, sys.stdout)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/common/arguments.py

@@ -563,13 +563,12 @@ def add_concretizer_args(subparser):
         help="reuse installed packages/buildcaches when possible",
     )
     subgroup.add_argument(
-        "--fresh-roots",
         "--reuse-deps",
         action=ConfigSetAction,
         dest="concretizer:reuse",
         const="dependencies",
         default=None,
-        help="concretize with fresh roots and reused dependencies",
+        help="reuse installed dependencies only",
     )
     subgroup.add_argument(
         "--deprecated",
@@ -661,32 +660,34 @@ def mirror_name_or_url(m):
     # accidentally to a dir in the current working directory.
 
     # If there's a \ or / in the name, it's interpreted as a path or url.
-    if "/" in m or "\\" in m or m in (".", ".."):
+    if "/" in m or "\\" in m:
         return spack.mirror.Mirror(m)
 
     # Otherwise, the named mirror is required to exist.
     try:
         return spack.mirror.require_mirror_name(m)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(f"{e}. Did you mean {os.path.join('.', m)}?") from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            str(e) + ". Did you mean {}?".format(os.path.join(".", m))
+        )
 
 
 def mirror_url(url):
     try:
         return spack.mirror.Mirror.from_url(url)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e)) from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e))
 
 
 def mirror_directory(path):
     try:
         return spack.mirror.Mirror.from_local_path(path)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e)) from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e))
 
 
 def mirror_name(name):
     try:
         return spack.mirror.require_mirror_name(name)
     except ValueError as e:
-        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e)) from e
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(str(e))

lib/spack/spack/cmd/env.py

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@
 import sys
 import tempfile
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
 import llnl.string as string
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.tty.colify import colify
-from llnl.util.tty.color import cescape, colorize
+from llnl.util.tty.color import colorize
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.cmd.common
@@ -61,7 +61,14 @@
 #
 def env_create_setup_parser(subparser):
     """create a new environment"""
-    subparser.add_argument("env_name", metavar="env", help="name or directory of environment")
+    subparser.add_argument(
+        "env_name",
+        metavar="env",
+        help=(
+            "name of managed environment or directory of the anonymous env "
+            "(when using --dir/-d) to activate"
+        ),
+    )
     subparser.add_argument(
         "-d", "--dir", action="store_true", help="create an environment in a specific directory"
     )
@@ -87,9 +94,6 @@ def env_create_setup_parser(subparser):
         default=None,
         help="either a lockfile (must end with '.json' or '.lock') or a manifest file",
     )
-    subparser.add_argument(
-        "--include-concrete", action="append", help="name of old environment to copy specs from"
-    )
 
 
 def env_create(args):
@@ -107,32 +111,19 @@ def env_create(args):
         # the environment should not include a view.
         with_view = None
 
-    include_concrete = None
-    if hasattr(args, "include_concrete"):
-        include_concrete = args.include_concrete
-
     env = _env_create(
         args.env_name,
         init_file=args.envfile,
-        dir=args.dir or os.path.sep in args.env_name or args.env_name in (".", ".."),
+        dir=args.dir,
         with_view=with_view,
         keep_relative=args.keep_relative,
-        include_concrete=include_concrete,
     )
 
     # Generate views, only really useful for environments created from spack.lock files.
     env.regenerate_views()
 
 
-def _env_create(
-    name_or_path: str,
-    *,
-    init_file: Optional[str] = None,
-    dir: bool = False,
-    with_view: Optional[str] = None,
-    keep_relative: bool = False,
-    include_concrete: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-):
+def _env_create(name_or_path, *, init_file=None, dir=False, with_view=None, keep_relative=False):
     """Create a new environment, with an optional yaml description.
 
     Arguments:
@@ -144,31 +135,22 @@ def _env_create(
         keep_relative (bool): if True, develop paths are copied verbatim into
             the new environment file, otherwise they may be made absolute if the
             new environment is in a different location
-        include_concrete (list): list of the included concrete environments
     """
     if not dir:
         env = ev.create(
-            name_or_path,
-            init_file=init_file,
-            with_view=with_view,
-            keep_relative=keep_relative,
-            include_concrete=include_concrete,
+            name_or_path, init_file=init_file, with_view=with_view, keep_relative=keep_relative
         )
-        tty.msg(
-            colorize(
-                f"Created environment @c{{{cescape(name_or_path)}}} in: @c{{{cescape(env.path)}}}"
-            )
-        )
-    else:
+        tty.msg("Created environment '%s' in %s" % (name_or_path, env.path))
+        tty.msg("You can activate this environment with:")
+        tty.msg("  spack env activate %s" % (name_or_path))
+        return env
+
     env = ev.create_in_dir(
-            name_or_path,
-            init_file=init_file,
-            with_view=with_view,
-            keep_relative=keep_relative,
-            include_concrete=include_concrete,
+        name_or_path, init_file=init_file, with_view=with_view, keep_relative=keep_relative
     )
-        tty.msg(colorize(f"Created independent environment in: @c{{{cescape(env.path)}}}"))
-    tty.msg(f"Activate with: {colorize(f'@c{{spack env activate {cescape(name_or_path)}}}')}")
+    tty.msg("Created environment in %s" % env.path)
+    tty.msg("You can activate this environment with:")
+    tty.msg("  spack env activate %s" % env.path)
     return env
 
 
@@ -454,12 +436,6 @@ def env_remove_setup_parser(subparser):
     """remove an existing environment"""
     subparser.add_argument("rm_env", metavar="env", nargs="+", help="environment(s) to remove")
     arguments.add_common_arguments(subparser, ["yes_to_all"])
-    subparser.add_argument(
-        "-f",
-        "--force",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="remove the environment even if it is included in another environment",
-    )
 
 
 def env_remove(args):
@@ -468,35 +444,15 @@ def env_remove(args):
     This removes an environment managed by Spack. Directory environments
     and manifests embedded in repositories should be removed manually.
     """
-    remove_envs = []
-    valid_envs = []
+    read_envs = []
     bad_envs = []
-
-    for env_name in ev.all_environment_names():
+    for env_name in args.rm_env:
         try:
             env = ev.read(env_name)
-            valid_envs.append(env)
-
-            if env_name in args.rm_env:
-                remove_envs.append(env)
+            read_envs.append(env)
         except (spack.config.ConfigFormatError, ev.SpackEnvironmentConfigError):
-            if env_name in args.rm_env:
             bad_envs.append(env_name)
 
-    # Check if remove_env is included from another env before trying to remove
-    for env in valid_envs:
-        for remove_env in remove_envs:
-            # don't check if environment is included to itself
-            if env.name == remove_env.name:
-                continue
-
-            if remove_env.path in env.included_concrete_envs:
-                msg = f'Environment "{remove_env.name}" is being used by environment "{env.name}"'
-                if args.force:
-                    tty.warn(msg)
-                else:
-                    tty.die(msg)
-
     if not args.yes_to_all:
         environments = string.plural(len(args.rm_env), "environment", show_n=False)
         envs = string.comma_and(args.rm_env)
@@ -504,7 +460,7 @@ def env_remove(args):
         if not answer:
             tty.die("Will not remove any environments")
 
-    for env in remove_envs:
+    for env in read_envs:
         name = env.name
         if env.active:
             tty.die(f"Environment {name} can't be removed while activated.")

lib/spack/spack/cmd/find.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
-import copy
 import sys
 
 import llnl.util.lang
@@ -169,9 +168,9 @@ def query_arguments(args):
     if (args.missing or args.only_missing) and not args.only_deprecated:
         installed.append(InstallStatuses.MISSING)
 
-    predicate_fn = None
+    known = any
     if args.unknown:
-        predicate_fn = lambda x: not spack.repo.PATH.exists(x.spec.name)
+        known = False
 
     explicit = any
     if args.explicit:
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ def query_arguments(args):
     if args.implicit:
         explicit = False
 
-    q_args = {"installed": installed, "predicate_fn": predicate_fn, "explicit": explicit}
+    q_args = {"installed": installed, "known": known, "explicit": explicit}
 
     install_tree = args.install_tree
     upstreams = spack.config.get("upstreams", {})
@@ -272,27 +271,6 @@ def root_decorator(spec, string):
 
     print()
 
-    if env.included_concrete_envs:
-        tty.msg("Included specs")
-
-        # Root specs cannot be displayed with prefixes, since those are not
-        # set for abstract specs. Same for hashes
-        root_args = copy.copy(args)
-        root_args.paths = False
-
-        # Roots are displayed with variants, etc. so that we can see
-        # specifically what the user asked for.
-        cmd.display_specs(
-            env.included_user_specs,
-            root_args,
-            decorator=lambda s, f: color.colorize("@*{%s}" % f),
-            namespace=True,
-            show_flags=True,
-            show_full_compiler=True,
-            variants=True,
-        )
-        print()
-
     if args.show_concretized:
         tty.msg("Concretized roots")
         cmd.display_specs(env.specs_by_hash.values(), args, decorator=decorator)

lib/spack/spack/cmd/install.py

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ def install_kwargs_from_args(args):
         "dependencies_use_cache": cache_opt(args.use_cache, dep_use_bc),
         "dependencies_cache_only": cache_opt(args.cache_only, dep_use_bc),
         "include_build_deps": args.include_build_deps,
+        "explicit": True,  # Use true as a default for install command
         "stop_at": args.until,
         "unsigned": args.unsigned,
         "install_deps": ("dependencies" in args.things_to_install),
@@ -472,7 +473,6 @@ def install_without_active_env(args, install_kwargs, reporter_factory):
             require_user_confirmation_for_overwrite(concrete_specs, args)
             install_kwargs["overwrite"] = [spec.dag_hash() for spec in concrete_specs]
 
-        installs = [s.package for s in concrete_specs]
-        install_kwargs["explicit"] = [s.dag_hash() for s in concrete_specs]
-        builder = PackageInstaller(installs, install_kwargs)
+        installs = [(s.package, install_kwargs) for s in concrete_specs]
+        builder = PackageInstaller(installs)
         builder.install()

lib/spack/spack/cmd/license.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
 
+import datetime
 import os
 import re
 from collections import defaultdict
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ def list_files(args):
 OLD_LICENSE, SPDX_MISMATCH, GENERAL_MISMATCH = range(1, 4)
 
 #: Latest year that copyright applies. UPDATE THIS when bumping copyright.
-latest_year = 2024  # year of 0.22 release
+latest_year = datetime.date.today().year
 strict_date = r"Copyright 2013-%s" % latest_year
 
 #: regexes for valid license lines at tops of files

lib/spack/spack/cmd/mark.py

@@ -101,9 +101,8 @@ def do_mark(specs, explicit):
         specs (list): list of specs to be marked
         explicit (bool): whether to mark specs as explicitly installed
     """
-    with spack.store.STORE.db.write_transaction():
     for spec in specs:
-            spack.store.STORE.db.mark(spec, "explicit", explicit)
+        spack.store.STORE.db.update_explicit(spec, explicit)
 
 
 def mark_specs(args, specs):

lib/spack/spack/cmd/modules/__init__.py

@@ -377,10 +377,7 @@ def refresh(module_type, specs, args):
 def modules_cmd(parser, args, module_type, callbacks=callbacks):
     # Qualifiers to be used when querying the db for specs
     constraint_qualifiers = {
-        "refresh": {
-            "installed": True,
-            "predicate_fn": lambda x: spack.repo.PATH.exists(x.spec.name),
-        }
+        "refresh": {"installed": True, "known": lambda x: not spack.repo.PATH.exists(x)}
     }
     query_args = constraint_qualifiers.get(args.subparser_name, {})
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/tutorial.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 
 # tutorial configuration parameters
-tutorial_branch = "releases/v0.22"
+tutorial_branch = "releases/v0.21"
 tutorial_mirror = "file:///mirror"
 tutorial_key = os.path.join(spack.paths.share_path, "keys", "tutorial.pub")
 

lib/spack/spack/cmd/unit_test.py

@@ -214,6 +214,8 @@ def unit_test(parser, args, unknown_args):
 
     # Ensure clingo is available before switching to the
     # mock configuration used by unit tests
+    # Note: skip on windows here because for the moment,
+    # clingo is wholly unsupported from bootstrap
     with spack.bootstrap.ensure_bootstrap_configuration():
         spack.bootstrap.ensure_core_dependencies()
         if pytest is None:

lib/spack/spack/cmd/view.py

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
 
 import spack.cmd
 import spack.environment as ev
-import spack.filesystem_view as fsv
 import spack.schema.projections
 import spack.store
 from spack.config import validate
+from spack.filesystem_view import YamlFilesystemView, view_func_parser
 from spack.util import spack_yaml as s_yaml
 
 description = "project packages to a compact naming scheme on the filesystem"
@@ -193,13 +193,17 @@ def view(parser, args):
         ordered_projections = {}
 
     # What method are we using for this view
-    link_type = args.action if args.action in actions_link else "symlink"
-    view = fsv.YamlFilesystemView(
+    if args.action in actions_link:
+        link_fn = view_func_parser(args.action)
+    else:
+        link_fn = view_func_parser("symlink")
+
+    view = YamlFilesystemView(
         path,
         spack.store.STORE.layout,
         projections=ordered_projections,
         ignore_conflicts=getattr(args, "ignore_conflicts", False),
-        link_type=link_type,
+        link=link_fn,
         verbose=args.verbose,
     )
 

lib/spack/spack/compiler.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.error
-import spack.schema.environment
 import spack.spec
 import spack.util.executable
 import spack.util.libc
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ def __init__(
         operating_system,
         target,
         paths,
-        modules: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        modules=None,
         alias=None,
         environment=None,
         extra_rpaths=None,
@@ -684,8 +683,8 @@ def __str__(self):
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def compiler_environment(self):
-        # Avoid modifying os.environ if possible.
-        if not self.modules and not self.environment:
+        # yield immediately if no modules
+        if not self.modules:
             yield
             return
 
@@ -702,9 +701,13 @@ def compiler_environment(self):
                 spack.util.module_cmd.load_module(module)
 
             # apply other compiler environment changes
-            spack.schema.environment.parse(self.environment).apply_modifications()
+            env = spack.util.environment.EnvironmentModifications()
+            env.extend(spack.schema.environment.parse(self.environment))
+            env.apply_modifications()
 
             yield
+        except BaseException:
+            raise
         finally:
             # Restore environment regardless of whether inner code succeeded
             os.environ.clear()

lib/spack/spack/compilers/__init__.py

@@ -164,66 +164,43 @@ def _compiler_config_from_package_config(config):
 
 
 def _compiler_config_from_external(config):
-    extra_attributes_key = "extra_attributes"
-    compilers_key = "compilers"
-    c_key, cxx_key, fortran_key = "c", "cxx", "fortran"
-
-    # Allow `@x.y.z` instead of `@=x.y.z`
     spec = spack.spec.parse_with_version_concrete(config["spec"])
-
+    # use str(spec.versions) to allow `@x.y.z` instead of `@=x.y.z`
     compiler_spec = spack.spec.CompilerSpec(
         package_name_to_compiler_name.get(spec.name, spec.name), spec.version
     )
 
-    err_header = f"The external spec '{spec}' cannot be used as a compiler"
+    extra_attributes = config.get("extra_attributes", {})
+    prefix = config.get("prefix", None)
 
-    # If extra_attributes is not there I might not want to use this entry as a compiler,
-    # therefore just leave a debug message, but don't be loud with a warning.
-    if extra_attributes_key not in config:
-        tty.debug(f"[{__file__}] {err_header}: missing the '{extra_attributes_key}' key")
+    compiler_class = class_for_compiler_name(compiler_spec.name)
+    paths = extra_attributes.get("paths", {})
+    compiler_langs = ["cc", "cxx", "fc", "f77"]
+    for lang in compiler_langs:
+        if paths.setdefault(lang, None):
+            continue
+
+        if not prefix:
+            continue
+
+        # Check for files that satisfy the naming scheme for this compiler
+        bindir = os.path.join(prefix, "bin")
+        for f, regex in itertools.product(os.listdir(bindir), compiler_class.search_regexps(lang)):
+            if regex.match(f):
+                paths[lang] = os.path.join(bindir, f)
+
+    if all(v is None for v in paths.values()):
         return None
-    extra_attributes = config[extra_attributes_key]
-
-    # If I have 'extra_attributes' warn if 'compilers' is missing, or we don't have a C compiler
-    if compilers_key not in extra_attributes:
-        warnings.warn(
-            f"{err_header}: missing the '{compilers_key}' key under '{extra_attributes_key}'"
-        )
-        return None
-    attribute_compilers = extra_attributes[compilers_key]
-
-    if c_key not in attribute_compilers:
-        warnings.warn(
-            f"{err_header}: missing the C compiler path under "
-            f"'{extra_attributes_key}:{compilers_key}'"
-        )
-        return None
-    c_compiler = attribute_compilers[c_key]
-
-    # C++ and Fortran compilers are not mandatory, so let's just leave a debug trace
-    if cxx_key not in attribute_compilers:
-        tty.debug(f"[{__file__}] The external spec {spec} does not have a C++ compiler")
-
-    if fortran_key not in attribute_compilers:
-        tty.debug(f"[{__file__}] The external spec {spec} does not have a Fortran compiler")
-
-    # compilers format has cc/fc/f77, externals format has "c/fortran"
-    paths = {
-        "cc": c_compiler,
-        "cxx": attribute_compilers.get(cxx_key, None),
-        "fc": attribute_compilers.get(fortran_key, None),
-        "f77": attribute_compilers.get(fortran_key, None),
-    }
 
     if not spec.architecture:
         host_platform = spack.platforms.host()
         operating_system = host_platform.operating_system("default_os")
         target = host_platform.target("default_target").microarchitecture
     else:
-        target = spec.architecture.target
+        target = spec.target
         if not target:
-            target = spack.platforms.host().target("default_target")
-        target = target.microarchitecture
+            host_platform = spack.platforms.host()
+            target = host_platform.target("default_target").microarchitecture
 
         operating_system = spec.os
         if not operating_system:

lib/spack/spack/concretize.py

@@ -74,10 +74,6 @@ class Concretizer:
     #: during concretization. Used for testing and for mirror creation
     check_for_compiler_existence = None
 
-    #: Packages that the old concretizer cannot deal with correctly, and cannot build anyway.
-    #: Those will not be considered as providers for virtuals.
-    non_buildable_packages = {"glibc", "musl"}
-
     def __init__(self, abstract_spec=None):
         if Concretizer.check_for_compiler_existence is None:
             Concretizer.check_for_compiler_existence = not spack.config.get(
@@ -117,11 +113,7 @@ def _valid_virtuals_and_externals(self, spec):
         pref_key = lambda spec: 0  # no-op pref key
 
         if spec.virtual:
-            candidates = [
-                s
-                for s in spack.repo.PATH.providers_for(spec)
-                if s.name not in self.non_buildable_packages
-            ]
+            candidates = spack.repo.PATH.providers_for(spec)
             if not candidates:
                 raise spack.error.UnsatisfiableProviderSpecError(candidates[0], spec)
 

lib/spack/spack/container/images.json

@@ -34,6 +34,28 @@
         "image": "docker.io/fedora:39"
       }
     },
+    "fedora:38": {
+      "bootstrap": {
+        "template": "container/fedora.dockerfile",
+        "image": "docker.io/fedora:38"
+      },
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf",
+      "build": "spack/fedora38",
+      "final": {
+        "image": "docker.io/fedora:38"
+      }
+    },
+    "fedora:37": {
+      "bootstrap": {
+        "template": "container/fedora.dockerfile",
+        "image": "docker.io/fedora:37"
+      },
+      "os_package_manager": "dnf",
+      "build": "spack/fedora37",
+      "final": {
+        "image": "docker.io/fedora:37"
+      }
+    },
     "rockylinux:9": {
       "bootstrap": {
         "template": "container/rockylinux_9.dockerfile",
@@ -116,13 +138,6 @@
       },
       "os_package_manager": "apt"
     },
-    "ubuntu:24.04": {
-      "bootstrap": {
-        "template": "container/ubuntu_2404.dockerfile"
-      },
-      "os_package_manager": "apt",
-      "build": "spack/ubuntu-noble"
-    },
     "ubuntu:22.04": {
       "bootstrap": {
         "template": "container/ubuntu_2204.dockerfile"
@@ -136,6 +151,13 @@
       },
       "build": "spack/ubuntu-focal",
       "os_package_manager": "apt"
+    },
+    "ubuntu:18.04": {
+      "bootstrap": {
+        "template": "container/ubuntu_1804.dockerfile"
+      },
+      "os_package_manager": "apt",
+      "build": "spack/ubuntu-bionic"
     }
   },
   "os_package_managers": {

lib/spack/spack/database.py

@@ -283,9 +283,12 @@ def __reduce__(self):
                 database.  If it is a spec, we'll evaluate
                 ``spec.satisfies(query_spec)``
 
-            predicate_fn: optional predicate taking an InstallRecord as argument, and returning
-                whether that record is selected for the query. It can be used to craft criteria
-                that need some data for selection not provided by the Database itself.
+            known (bool or None): Specs that are "known" are those
+                for which Spack can locate a ``package.py`` file -- i.e.,
+                Spack "knows" how to install them.  Specs that are unknown may
+                represent packages that existed in a previous version of
+                Spack, but have since either changed their name or
+                been removed
 
             installed (bool or InstallStatus or typing.Iterable or None):
                 if ``True``, includes only installed
@@ -585,9 +588,6 @@ def _path(self, spec: "spack.spec.Spec") -> pathlib.Path:
         return self.dir / f"{spec.name}-{spec.dag_hash()}"
 
 
-SelectType = Callable[[InstallRecord], bool]
-
-
 class Database:
     #: Fields written for each install record
     record_fields: Tuple[str, ...] = DEFAULT_INSTALL_RECORD_FIELDS
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ def _deprecate(self, spec, deprecator):
         self._data[spec_key] = spec_rec
 
     @_autospec
-    def mark(self, spec: "spack.spec.Spec", key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    def mark(self, spec, key, value):
         """Mark an arbitrary record on a spec."""
         with self.write_transaction():
             return self._mark(spec, key, value)
@@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@ def get_by_hash(self, dag_hash, default=None, installed=any):
     def _query(
         self,
         query_spec=any,
-        predicate_fn: Optional[SelectType] = None,
+        known=any,
         installed=True,
         explicit=any,
         start_date=None,
@@ -1524,7 +1524,7 @@ def _query(
         hashes=None,
         in_buildcache=any,
         origin=None,
-    ) -> List["spack.spec.Spec"]:
+    ):
         """Run a query on the database."""
 
         # TODO: Specs are a lot like queries.  Should there be a
@@ -1570,7 +1570,7 @@ def _query(
             if explicit is not any and rec.explicit != explicit:
                 continue
 
-            if predicate_fn is not None and not predicate_fn(rec):
+            if known is not any and known(rec.spec.name):
                 continue
 
             if start_date or end_date:
@@ -1655,14 +1655,14 @@ def query(self, *args, **kwargs):
         query.__doc__ = ""
     query.__doc__ += _QUERY_DOCSTRING
 
-    def query_one(self, query_spec, predicate_fn=None, installed=True):
+    def query_one(self, query_spec, known=any, installed=True):
         """Query for exactly one spec that matches the query spec.
 
         Raises an assertion error if more than one spec matches the
         query. Returns None if no installed package matches.
 
         """
-        concrete_specs = self.query(query_spec, predicate_fn=predicate_fn, installed=installed)
+        concrete_specs = self.query(query_spec, known=known, installed=installed)
         assert len(concrete_specs) <= 1
         return concrete_specs[0] if concrete_specs else None
 
@@ -1709,6 +1709,24 @@ def root(key, record):
                 if id(rec.spec) not in needed and rec.installed
             ]
 
+    def update_explicit(self, spec, explicit):
+        """
+        Update the spec's explicit state in the database.
+
+        Args:
+            spec (spack.spec.Spec): the spec whose install record is being updated
+            explicit (bool): ``True`` if the package was requested explicitly
+                by the user, ``False`` if it was pulled in as a dependency of
+                an explicit package.
+        """
+        rec = self.get_record(spec)
+        if explicit != rec.explicit:
+            with self.write_transaction():
+                message = "{s.name}@{s.version} : marking the package {0}"
+                status = "explicit" if explicit else "implicit"
+                tty.debug(message.format(status, s=spec))
+                rec.explicit = explicit
+
 
 class UpstreamDatabaseLockingError(SpackError):
     """Raised when an operation would need to lock an upstream database"""

lib/spack/spack/directives.py

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class OpenMpi(Package):
 PatchesType = Optional[Union[Patcher, str, List[Union[Patcher, str]]]]
 
 
-SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = ("fortran", "cxx", "c")
+SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES = ("fortran", "cxx")
 
 
 def _make_when_spec(value: WhenType) -> Optional["spack.spec.Spec"]:
@@ -662,7 +662,6 @@ def _execute_redistribute(
 @directive(("extendees", "dependencies"))
 def extends(spec, when=None, type=("build", "run"), patches=None):
     """Same as depends_on, but also adds this package to the extendee list.
-    In case of Python, also adds a dependency on python-venv.
 
     keyword arguments can be passed to extends() so that extension
     packages can pass parameters to the extendee's extension
@@ -678,11 +677,6 @@ def _execute_extends(pkg):
         _depends_on(pkg, spec, when=when, type=type, patches=patches)
         spec_obj = spack.spec.Spec(spec)
 
-        # When extending python, also add a dependency on python-venv. This is done so that
-        # Spack environment views are Python virtual environments.
-        if spec_obj.name == "python" and not pkg.name == "python-venv":
-            _depends_on(pkg, "python-venv", when=when, type=("build", "run"))
-
         # TODO: the values of the extendees dictionary are not used. Remove in next refactor.
         pkg.extendees[spec_obj.name] = (spec_obj, None)
 

lib/spack/spack/directory_layout.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.symlink import readlink
 
 import spack.config
 import spack.hash_types as ht
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ def deprecated_file_path(self, deprecated_spec, deprecator_spec=None):
         base_dir = (
             self.path_for_spec(deprecator_spec)
             if deprecator_spec
-            else readlink(deprecated_spec.prefix)
+            else os.readlink(deprecated_spec.prefix)
         )
 
         yaml_path = os.path.join(

lib/spack/spack/environment/__init__.py

@@ -34,9 +34,6 @@
       * ``spec``: a string representation of the abstract spec that was concretized
 
   4. ``concrete_specs``: a dictionary containing the specs in the environment.
-  5. ``include_concrete`` (dictionary): an optional dictionary that includes the roots
-     and concrete specs from the included environments, keyed by the path to that
-     environment
 
 Compatibility
 -------------
@@ -53,37 +50,26 @@
      - ``v2``
      - ``v3``
      - ``v4``
-     - ``v5``
    * - ``v0.12:0.14``
      - ✅
      -
      -
      -
-     -
    * - ``v0.15:0.16``
      - ✅
      - ✅
      -
      -
-     -
    * - ``v0.17``
      - ✅
      - ✅
      - ✅
      -
-     -
    * - ``v0.18:``
      - ✅
      - ✅
      - ✅
      - ✅
-     -
-   * - ``v0.22:``
-     - ✅
-     - ✅
-     - ✅
-     - ✅
-     - ✅
 
 Version 1
 ---------
@@ -348,118 +334,6 @@
             }
         }
     }
-
-
-Version 5
----------
-
-Version 5 doesn't change the top-level lockfile format, but an optional dictionary is
-added. The dictionary has the ``root`` and ``concrete_specs`` of the included
-environments, which are keyed by the path to that environment. Since this is optional
-if the environment does not have any included environments ``include_concrete`` will
-not be a part of the lockfile.
-
-.. code-block:: json
-
-    {
-        "_meta": {
-            "file-type": "spack-lockfile",
-            "lockfile-version": 5,
-            "specfile-version": 3
-        },
-        "roots": [
-            {
-                "hash": "<dag_hash 1>",
-                "spec": "<abstract spec 1>"
-            },
-            {
-                "hash": "<dag_hash 2>",
-                "spec": "<abstract spec 2>"
-            }
-        ],
-        "concrete_specs": {
-            "<dag_hash 1>": {
-                "... <spec dict attributes> ...": { },
-                "dependencies": [
-                    {
-                        "name": "depname_1",
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_1>",
-                        "type": ["build", "link"]
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "name": "depname_2",
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_2>",
-                        "type": ["build", "link"]
-                    }
-                ],
-                "hash": "<dag_hash 1>",
-            },
-            "<daghash 2>": {
-                "... <spec dict attributes> ...": { },
-                "dependencies": [
-                    {
-                        "name": "depname_3",
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_3>",
-                        "type": ["build", "link"]
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "name": "depname_4",
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_4>",
-                        "type": ["build", "link"]
-                    }
-                ],
-                "hash": "<dag_hash 2>"
-            }
-        }
-        "include_concrete": {
-            "<path to environment>": {
-                "roots": [
-                    {
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash 1>",
-                        "spec": "<abstract spec 1>"
-                    },
-                    {
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash 2>",
-                        "spec": "<abstract spec 2>"
-                    }
-                ],
-                "concrete_specs": {
-                    "<dag_hash 1>": {
-                        "... <spec dict attributes> ...": { },
-                        "dependencies": [
-                            {
-                                "name": "depname_1",
-                                "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_1>",
-                                "type": ["build", "link"]
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "name": "depname_2",
-                                "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_2>",
-                                "type": ["build", "link"]
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash 1>",
-                    },
-                    "<daghash 2>": {
-                        "... <spec dict attributes> ...": { },
-                        "dependencies": [
-                            {
-                                "name": "depname_3",
-                                "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_3>",
-                                "type": ["build", "link"]
-                            },
-                            {
-                                "name": "depname_4",
-                                "hash": "<dag_hash for depname_4>",
-                                "type": ["build", "link"]
-                            }
-                        ],
-                        "hash": "<dag_hash 2>"
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
 """
 
 from .environment import (

lib/spack/spack/environment/depfile.py

@@ -9,13 +9,11 @@
 
 import os
 import re
-import shlex
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import List, Optional
 
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.environment.environment as ev
-import spack.paths
 import spack.spec
 import spack.traverse as traverse
 
@@ -228,7 +226,6 @@ def to_dict(self):
             "install_deps_target": self._target("install-deps"),
             "any_hash_target": self._target("%"),
             "jobserver_support": self.jobserver_support,
-            "spack_script": shlex.quote(spack.paths.spack_script),
             "adjacency_list": self.make_adjacency_list,
             "phony_convenience_targets": " ".join(self.phony_convenience_targets),
             "pkg_ids_variable": self.pkg_identifier_variable,

lib/spack/spack/environment/environment.py

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 import warnings
-from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 import llnl.util.filesystem as fs
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 import llnl.util.tty.color as clr
 from llnl.util.link_tree import ConflictingSpecsError
-from llnl.util.symlink import readlink, symlink
+from llnl.util.symlink import symlink
 
 import spack.compilers
 import spack.concretize
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import spack.deptypes as dt
 import spack.error
 import spack.fetch_strategy
-import spack.filesystem_view as fsv
 import spack.hash_types as ht
 import spack.hooks
 import spack.main
@@ -53,6 +52,7 @@
 import spack.util.url
 import spack.version
 from spack import traverse
+from spack.filesystem_view import SimpleFilesystemView, inverse_view_func_parser, view_func_parser
 from spack.installer import PackageInstaller
 from spack.schema.env import TOP_LEVEL_KEY
 from spack.spec import Spec
@@ -159,8 +159,6 @@ def default_manifest_yaml():
 default_view_name = "default"
 # Default behavior to link all packages into views (vs. only root packages)
 default_view_link = "all"
-# The name for any included concrete specs
-included_concrete_name = "include_concrete"
 
 
 def installed_specs():
@@ -295,7 +293,6 @@ def create(
     init_file: Optional[Union[str, pathlib.Path]] = None,
     with_view: Optional[Union[str, pathlib.Path, bool]] = None,
     keep_relative: bool = False,
-    include_concrete: Optional[List[str]] = None,
 ) -> "Environment":
     """Create a managed environment in Spack and returns it.
 
@@ -312,15 +309,10 @@ def create(
             string, it specifies the path to the view
         keep_relative: if True, develop paths are copied verbatim into the new environment file,
             otherwise they are made absolute
-        include_concrete: list of concrete environment names/paths to be included
     """
     environment_dir = environment_dir_from_name(name, exists_ok=False)
     return create_in_dir(
-        environment_dir,
-        init_file=init_file,
-        with_view=with_view,
-        keep_relative=keep_relative,
-        include_concrete=include_concrete,
+        environment_dir, init_file=init_file, with_view=with_view, keep_relative=keep_relative
     )
 
 
@@ -329,7 +321,6 @@ def create_in_dir(
     init_file: Optional[Union[str, pathlib.Path]] = None,
     with_view: Optional[Union[str, pathlib.Path, bool]] = None,
     keep_relative: bool = False,
-    include_concrete: Optional[List[str]] = None,
 ) -> "Environment":
     """Create an environment in the directory passed as input and returns it.
 
@@ -343,7 +334,6 @@ def create_in_dir(
             string, it specifies the path to the view
         keep_relative: if True, develop paths are copied verbatim into the new environment file,
             otherwise they are made absolute
-        include_concrete: concrete environment names/paths to be included
     """
     initialize_environment_dir(root, envfile=init_file)
 
@@ -356,12 +346,6 @@ def create_in_dir(
         if with_view is not None:
             manifest.set_default_view(with_view)
 
-        if include_concrete is not None:
-            set_included_envs_to_env_paths(include_concrete)
-            validate_included_envs_exists(include_concrete)
-            validate_included_envs_concrete(include_concrete)
-            manifest.set_include_concrete(include_concrete)
-
         manifest.flush()
 
     except (spack.config.ConfigFormatError, SpackEnvironmentConfigError) as e:
@@ -435,67 +419,6 @@ def ensure_env_root_path_exists():
         fs.mkdirp(env_root_path())
 
 
-def set_included_envs_to_env_paths(include_concrete: List[str]) -> None:
-    """If the included environment(s) is the environment name
-    it is replaced by the path to the environment
-
-    Args:
-        include_concrete: list of env name or path to env"""
-
-    for i, env_name in enumerate(include_concrete):
-        if is_env_dir(env_name):
-            include_concrete[i] = env_name
-        elif exists(env_name):
-            include_concrete[i] = root(env_name)
-
-
-def validate_included_envs_exists(include_concrete: List[str]) -> None:
-    """Checks that all of the included environments exist
-
-    Args:
-       include_concrete: list of already existing concrete environments to include
-
-    Raises:
-        SpackEnvironmentError: if any of the included environments do not exist
-    """
-
-    missing_envs = set()
-
-    for i, env_name in enumerate(include_concrete):
-        if not is_env_dir(env_name):
-            missing_envs.add(env_name)
-
-    if missing_envs:
-        msg = "The following environment(s) are missing: {0}".format(", ".join(missing_envs))
-        raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg)
-
-
-def validate_included_envs_concrete(include_concrete: List[str]) -> None:
-    """Checks that all of the included environments are concrete
-
-    Args:
-        include_concrete: list of already existing concrete environments to include
-
-    Raises:
-        SpackEnvironmentError: if any of the included environments are not concrete
-    """
-
-    non_concrete_envs = set()
-
-    for env_path in include_concrete:
-        if not os.path.exists(Environment(env_path).lock_path):
-            non_concrete_envs.add(Environment(env_path).name)
-
-    if non_concrete_envs:
-        msg = "The following environment(s) are not concrete: {0}\n" "Please run:".format(
-            ", ".join(non_concrete_envs)
-        )
-        for env in non_concrete_envs:
-            msg += f"\n\t`spack -e {env} concretize`"
-
-        raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg)
-
-
 def all_environment_names():
     """List the names of environments that currently exist."""
     # just return empty if the env path does not exist.  A read-only
@@ -606,7 +529,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.projections = projections
         self.select = select
         self.exclude = exclude
-        self.link_type = fsv.canonicalize_link_type(link_type)
+        self.link_type = view_func_parser(link_type)
         self.link = link
 
     def select_fn(self, spec):
@@ -640,7 +563,7 @@ def to_dict(self):
         if self.exclude:
             ret["exclude"] = self.exclude
         if self.link_type:
-            ret["link_type"] = self.link_type
+            ret["link_type"] = inverse_view_func_parser(self.link_type)
         if self.link != default_view_link:
             ret["link"] = self.link
         return ret
@@ -662,7 +585,7 @@ def _current_root(self):
         if not os.path.islink(self.root):
             return None
 
-        root = readlink(self.root)
+        root = os.readlink(self.root)
         if os.path.isabs(root):
             return root
 
@@ -690,7 +613,7 @@ def get_projection_for_spec(self, spec):
         to exist on the filesystem."""
         return self._view(self.root).get_projection_for_spec(spec)
 
-    def view(self, new: Optional[str] = None) -> fsv.SimpleFilesystemView:
+    def view(self, new: Optional[str] = None) -> SimpleFilesystemView:
         """
         Returns a view object for the *underlying* view directory. This means that the
         self.root symlink is followed, and that the view has to exist on the filesystem
@@ -710,14 +633,14 @@ def view(self, new: Optional[str] = None) -> fsv.SimpleFilesystemView:
             )
         return self._view(path)
 
-    def _view(self, root: str) -> fsv.SimpleFilesystemView:
+    def _view(self, root: str) -> SimpleFilesystemView:
         """Returns a view object for a given root dir."""
-        return fsv.SimpleFilesystemView(
+        return SimpleFilesystemView(
             root,
             spack.store.STORE.layout,
             ignore_conflicts=True,
             projections=self.projections,
-            link_type=self.link_type,
+            link=self.link_type,
         )
 
     def __contains__(self, spec):
@@ -898,18 +821,6 @@ def __init__(self, manifest_dir: Union[str, pathlib.Path]) -> None:
         self.specs_by_hash: Dict[str, Spec] = {}
         #: Repository for this environment (memoized)
         self._repo = None
-
-        #: Environment paths for concrete (lockfile) included environments
-        self.included_concrete_envs: List[str] = []
-        #: First-level included concretized spec data from/to the lockfile.
-        self.included_concrete_spec_data: Dict[str, Dict[str, List[str]]] = {}
-        #: User specs from included environments from the last concretization
-        self.included_concretized_user_specs: Dict[str, List[Spec]] = {}
-        #: Roots from included environments with the last concretization, in order
-        self.included_concretized_order: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
-        #: Concretized specs by hash from the included environments
-        self.included_specs_by_hash: Dict[str, Dict[str, Spec]] = {}
-
         #: Previously active environment
         self._previous_active = None
         self._dev_specs = None
@@ -947,7 +858,7 @@ def _read(self):
 
         if os.path.exists(self.lock_path):
             with open(self.lock_path) as f:
-                read_lock_version = self._read_lockfile(f)["_meta"]["lockfile-version"]
+                read_lock_version = self._read_lockfile(f)
 
             if read_lock_version == 1:
                 tty.debug(f"Storing backup of {self.lock_path} at {self._lock_backup_v1_path}")
@@ -1015,20 +926,6 @@ def add_view(name, values):
         if self.views == dict():
             self.views[default_view_name] = ViewDescriptor(self.path, self.view_path_default)
 
-    def _process_concrete_includes(self):
-        """Extract and load into memory included concrete spec data."""
-        self.included_concrete_envs = self.manifest[TOP_LEVEL_KEY].get(included_concrete_name, [])
-
-        if self.included_concrete_envs:
-            if os.path.exists(self.lock_path):
-                with open(self.lock_path) as f:
-                    data = self._read_lockfile(f)
-
-                if included_concrete_name in data:
-                    self.included_concrete_spec_data = data[included_concrete_name]
-            else:
-                self.include_concrete_envs()
-
     def _construct_state_from_manifest(self):
         """Set up user specs and views from the manifest file."""
         self.spec_lists = collections.OrderedDict()
@@ -1045,31 +942,6 @@ def _construct_state_from_manifest(self):
         self.spec_lists[user_speclist_name] = user_specs
 
         self._process_view(spack.config.get("view", True))
-        self._process_concrete_includes()
-
-    def all_concretized_user_specs(self) -> List[Spec]:
-        """Returns all of the concretized user specs of the environment and
-        its included environment(s)."""
-        concretized_user_specs = self.concretized_user_specs[:]
-        for included_specs in self.included_concretized_user_specs.values():
-            for included in included_specs:
-                # Don't duplicate included spec(s)
-                if included not in concretized_user_specs:
-                    concretized_user_specs.append(included)
-
-        return concretized_user_specs
-
-    def all_concretized_orders(self) -> List[str]:
-        """Returns all of the concretized order of the environment and
-        its included environment(s)."""
-        concretized_order = self.concretized_order[:]
-        for included_concretized_order in self.included_concretized_order.values():
-            for included in included_concretized_order:
-                # Don't duplicate included spec(s)
-                if included not in concretized_order:
-                    concretized_order.append(included)
-
-        return concretized_order
 
     @property
     def user_specs(self):
@@ -1094,26 +966,6 @@ def _read_dev_specs(self):
             dev_specs[name] = local_entry
         return dev_specs
 
-    @property
-    def included_user_specs(self) -> SpecList:
-        """Included concrete user (or root) specs from last concretization."""
-        spec_list = SpecList()
-
-        if not self.included_concrete_envs:
-            return spec_list
-
-        def add_root_specs(included_concrete_specs):
-            # add specs from the include *and* any nested includes it may have
-            for env, info in included_concrete_specs.items():
-                for root_list in info["roots"]:
-                    spec_list.add(root_list["spec"])
-
-                if "include_concrete" in info:
-                    add_root_specs(info["include_concrete"])
-
-        add_root_specs(self.included_concrete_spec_data)
-        return spec_list
-
     def clear(self, re_read=False):
         """Clear the contents of the environment
 
@@ -1125,15 +977,9 @@ def clear(self, re_read=False):
         self.spec_lists[user_speclist_name] = SpecList()
 
         self._dev_specs = {}
-        self.concretized_order = []  # roots of last concretize, in order
         self.concretized_user_specs = []  # user specs from last concretize
+        self.concretized_order = []  # roots of last concretize, in order
         self.specs_by_hash = {}  # concretized specs by hash
-
-        self.included_concrete_spec_data = {}  # concretized specs from lockfile of included envs
-        self.included_concretized_order = {}  # root specs of the included envs, keyed by env path
-        self.included_concretized_user_specs = {}  # user specs from last concretize's included env
-        self.included_specs_by_hash = {}  # concretized specs by hash from the included envs
-
         self.invalidate_repository_cache()
         self._previous_active = None  # previously active environment
         if not re_read:
@@ -1187,43 +1033,6 @@ def scope_name(self):
         """Name of the config scope of this environment's manifest file."""
         return self.manifest.scope_name
 
-    def include_concrete_envs(self):
-        """Copy and save the included envs' specs internally"""
-
-        root_hash_seen = set()
-        concrete_hash_seen = set()
-        self.included_concrete_spec_data = {}
-
-        for env_path in self.included_concrete_envs:
-            # Check that environment exists
-            if not is_env_dir(env_path):
-                raise SpackEnvironmentError(f"Unable to find env at {env_path}")
-
-            env = Environment(env_path)
-            self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path] = {"roots": [], "concrete_specs": {}}
-
-            # Copy unique root specs from env
-            for root_dict in env._concrete_roots_dict():
-                if root_dict["hash"] not in root_hash_seen:
-                    self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path]["roots"].append(root_dict)
-                    root_hash_seen.add(root_dict["hash"])
-
-            # Copy unique concrete specs from env
-            for dag_hash, spec_details in env._concrete_specs_dict().items():
-                if dag_hash not in concrete_hash_seen:
-                    self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path]["concrete_specs"].update(
-                        {dag_hash: spec_details}
-                    )
-                    concrete_hash_seen.add(dag_hash)
-
-            # Copy transitive include data
-            transitive = env.included_concrete_spec_data
-            if transitive:
-                self.included_concrete_spec_data[env_path]["include_concrete"] = transitive
-
-        self._read_lockfile_dict(self._to_lockfile_dict())
-        self.write()
-
     def destroy(self):
         """Remove this environment from Spack entirely."""
         shutil.rmtree(self.path)
@@ -1423,10 +1232,6 @@ def concretize(self, force=False, tests=False):
         for spec in set(self.concretized_user_specs) - set(self.user_specs):
             self.deconcretize(spec, concrete=False)
 
-        # If a combined env, check updated spec is in the linked envs
-        if self.included_concrete_envs:
-            self.include_concrete_envs()
-
         # Pick the right concretization strategy
         if self.unify == "when_possible":
             return self._concretize_together_where_possible(tests=tests)
@@ -1610,7 +1415,7 @@ def _concretize_separately(self, tests=False):
         # Ensure we don't try to bootstrap clingo in parallel
         if spack.config.get("config:concretizer", "clingo") == "clingo":
             with spack.bootstrap.ensure_bootstrap_configuration():
-                spack.bootstrap.ensure_clingo_importable_or_raise()
+                spack.bootstrap.ensure_core_dependencies()
 
         # Ensure all the indexes have been built or updated, since
         # otherwise the processes in the pool may timeout on waiting
@@ -1899,14 +1704,8 @@ def _partition_roots_by_install_status(self):
         of per spec."""
         installed, uninstalled = [], []
         with spack.store.STORE.db.read_transaction():
-            for concretized_hash in self.all_concretized_orders():
-                if concretized_hash in self.specs_by_hash:
+            for concretized_hash in self.concretized_order:
                 spec = self.specs_by_hash[concretized_hash]
-                else:
-                    for env_path in self.included_specs_by_hash.keys():
-                        if concretized_hash in self.included_specs_by_hash[env_path]:
-                            spec = self.included_specs_by_hash[env_path][concretized_hash]
-                            break
                 if not spec.installed or (
                     spec.satisfies("dev_path=*") or spec.satisfies("^dev_path=*")
                 ):
@@ -1936,18 +1735,13 @@ def install_specs(self, specs: Optional[List[Spec]] = None, **install_args):
         specs = specs if specs is not None else roots
 
         # Extend the set of specs to overwrite with modified dev specs and their parents
-        install_args["overwrite"] = {
-            *install_args.get("overwrite", ()),
-            *self._dev_specs_that_need_overwrite(),
-        }
+        install_args["overwrite"] = (
+            install_args.get("overwrite", []) + self._dev_specs_that_need_overwrite()
+        )
 
-        # Only environment roots are marked explicit
-        install_args["explicit"] = {
-            *install_args.get("explicit", ()),
-            *(s.dag_hash() for s in roots),
-        }
+        installs = [(spec.package, {**install_args, "explicit": spec in roots}) for spec in specs]
 
-        PackageInstaller([spec.package for spec in specs], install_args).install()
+        PackageInstaller(installs).install()
 
     def all_specs_generator(self) -> Iterable[Spec]:
         """Returns a generator for all concrete specs"""
@@ -1991,14 +1785,8 @@ def added_specs(self):
 
     def concretized_specs(self):
         """Tuples of (user spec, concrete spec) for all concrete specs."""
-        for s, h in zip(self.all_concretized_user_specs(), self.all_concretized_orders()):
-            if h in self.specs_by_hash:
+        for s, h in zip(self.concretized_user_specs, self.concretized_order):
             yield (s, self.specs_by_hash[h])
-            else:
-                for env_path in self.included_specs_by_hash.keys():
-                    if h in self.included_specs_by_hash[env_path]:
-                        yield (s, self.included_specs_by_hash[env_path][h])
-                        break
 
     def concrete_roots(self):
         """Same as concretized_specs, except it returns the list of concrete
@@ -2127,7 +1915,8 @@ def _get_environment_specs(self, recurse_dependencies=True):
         If these specs appear under different user_specs, only one copy
         is added to the list returned.
         """
-        specs = [self.specs_by_hash[h] for h in self.all_concretized_orders()]
+        specs = [self.specs_by_hash[h] for h in self.concretized_order]
+
         if recurse_dependencies:
             specs.extend(
                 traverse.traverse_nodes(
@@ -2137,23 +1926,16 @@ def _get_environment_specs(self, recurse_dependencies=True):
 
         return specs
 
-    def _concrete_specs_dict(self):
+    def _to_lockfile_dict(self):
+        """Create a dictionary to store a lockfile for this environment."""
         concrete_specs = {}
         for s in traverse.traverse_nodes(self.specs_by_hash.values(), key=traverse.by_dag_hash):
             spec_dict = s.node_dict_with_hashes(hash=ht.dag_hash)
             # Assumes no legacy formats, since this was just created.
             spec_dict[ht.dag_hash.name] = s.dag_hash()
             concrete_specs[s.dag_hash()] = spec_dict
-        return concrete_specs
 
-    def _concrete_roots_dict(self):
         hash_spec_list = zip(self.concretized_order, self.concretized_user_specs)
-        return [{"hash": h, "spec": str(s)} for h, s in hash_spec_list]
-
-    def _to_lockfile_dict(self):
-        """Create a dictionary to store a lockfile for this environment."""
-        concrete_specs = self._concrete_specs_dict()
-        root_specs = self._concrete_roots_dict()
 
         spack_dict = {"version": spack.spack_version}
         spack_commit = spack.main.get_spack_commit()
@@ -2174,81 +1956,36 @@ def _to_lockfile_dict(self):
             # spack version information
             "spack": spack_dict,
             # users specs + hashes are the 'roots' of the environment
-            "roots": root_specs,
+            "roots": [{"hash": h, "spec": str(s)} for h, s in hash_spec_list],
             # Concrete specs by hash, including dependencies
             "concrete_specs": concrete_specs,
         }
 
-        if self.included_concrete_envs:
-            data[included_concrete_name] = self.included_concrete_spec_data
-
         return data
 
     def _read_lockfile(self, file_or_json):
         """Read a lockfile from a file or from a raw string."""
         lockfile_dict = sjson.load(file_or_json)
         self._read_lockfile_dict(lockfile_dict)
-        return lockfile_dict
-
-    def set_included_concretized_user_specs(
-        self,
-        env_name: str,
-        env_info: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
-        included_json_specs_by_hash: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]],
-    ) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Sets all of the concretized user specs from included environments
-        to include those from nested included environments.
-
-        Args:
-           env_name: the name (technically the path) of the included environment
-           env_info: included concrete environment data
-           included_json_specs_by_hash: concrete spec data keyed by hash
-
-        Returns: updated specs_by_hash
-        """
-        self.included_concretized_order[env_name] = []
-        self.included_concretized_user_specs[env_name] = []
-
-        def add_specs(name, info, specs_by_hash):
-            # Add specs from the environment as well as any of its nested
-            # environments.
-            for root_info in info["roots"]:
-                self.included_concretized_order[name].append(root_info["hash"])
-                self.included_concretized_user_specs[name].append(Spec(root_info["spec"]))
-            if "concrete_specs" in info:
-                specs_by_hash.update(info["concrete_specs"])
-
-            if included_concrete_name in info:
-                for included_name, included_info in info[included_concrete_name].items():
-                    if included_name not in self.included_concretized_order:
-                        self.included_concretized_order[included_name] = []
-                        self.included_concretized_user_specs[included_name] = []
-                    add_specs(included_name, included_info, specs_by_hash)
-
-        add_specs(env_name, env_info, included_json_specs_by_hash)
-        return included_json_specs_by_hash
+        return lockfile_dict["_meta"]["lockfile-version"]
 
     def _read_lockfile_dict(self, d):
         """Read a lockfile dictionary into this environment."""
         self.specs_by_hash = {}
-        self.included_specs_by_hash = {}
-        self.included_concretized_user_specs = {}
-        self.included_concretized_order = {}
 
         roots = d["roots"]
         self.concretized_user_specs = [Spec(r["spec"]) for r in roots]
         self.concretized_order = [r["hash"] for r in roots]
         json_specs_by_hash = d["concrete_specs"]
-        included_json_specs_by_hash = {}
 
-        if included_concrete_name in d:
-            for env_name, env_info in d[included_concrete_name].items():
-                included_json_specs_by_hash.update(
-                    self.set_included_concretized_user_specs(
-                        env_name, env_info, included_json_specs_by_hash
-                    )
-                )
+        # Track specs by their lockfile key.  Currently spack uses the finest
+        # grained hash as the lockfile key, while older formats used the build
+        # hash or a previous incarnation of the DAG hash (one that did not
+        # include build deps or package hash).
+        specs_by_hash = {}
 
+        # Track specs by their DAG hash, allows handling DAG hash collisions
+        first_seen = {}
         current_lockfile_format = d["_meta"]["lockfile-version"]
         try:
             reader = READER_CLS[current_lockfile_format]
@@ -2261,39 +1998,6 @@ def _read_lockfile_dict(self, d):
                 msg += " You need to use a newer Spack version."
             raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg)
 
-        first_seen, self.concretized_order = self.filter_specs(
-            reader, json_specs_by_hash, self.concretized_order
-        )
-
-        for spec_dag_hash in self.concretized_order:
-            self.specs_by_hash[spec_dag_hash] = first_seen[spec_dag_hash]
-
-        if any(self.included_concretized_order.values()):
-            first_seen = {}
-
-            for env_name, concretized_order in self.included_concretized_order.items():
-                filtered_spec, self.included_concretized_order[env_name] = self.filter_specs(
-                    reader, included_json_specs_by_hash, concretized_order
-                )
-                first_seen.update(filtered_spec)
-
-            for env_path, spec_hashes in self.included_concretized_order.items():
-                self.included_specs_by_hash[env_path] = {}
-                for spec_dag_hash in spec_hashes:
-                    self.included_specs_by_hash[env_path].update(
-                        {spec_dag_hash: first_seen[spec_dag_hash]}
-                    )
-
-    def filter_specs(self, reader, json_specs_by_hash, order_concretized):
-        # Track specs by their lockfile key.  Currently spack uses the finest
-        # grained hash as the lockfile key, while older formats used the build
-        # hash or a previous incarnation of the DAG hash (one that did not
-        # include build deps or package hash).
-        specs_by_hash = {}
-
-        # Track specs by their DAG hash, allows handling DAG hash collisions
-        first_seen = {}
-
         # First pass: Put each spec in the map ignoring dependencies
         for lockfile_key, node_dict in json_specs_by_hash.items():
             spec = reader.from_node_dict(node_dict)
@@ -2316,8 +2020,7 @@ def filter_specs(self, reader, json_specs_by_hash, order_concretized):
         # keep.  This is only required as long as we support older lockfile
         # formats where the mapping from DAG hash to lockfile key is possibly
         # one-to-many.
-
-        for lockfile_key in order_concretized:
+        for lockfile_key in self.concretized_order:
             for s in specs_by_hash[lockfile_key].traverse():
                 if s.dag_hash() not in first_seen:
                     first_seen[s.dag_hash()] = s
@@ -2325,10 +2028,12 @@ def filter_specs(self, reader, json_specs_by_hash, order_concretized):
         # Now make sure concretized_order and our internal specs dict
         # contains the keys used by modern spack (i.e. the dag_hash
         # that includes build deps and package hash).
+        self.concretized_order = [
+            specs_by_hash[h_key].dag_hash() for h_key in self.concretized_order
+        ]
 
-        order_concretized = [specs_by_hash[h_key].dag_hash() for h_key in order_concretized]
-
-        return first_seen, order_concretized
+        for spec_dag_hash in self.concretized_order:
+            self.specs_by_hash[spec_dag_hash] = first_seen[spec_dag_hash]
 
     def write(self, regenerate: bool = True) -> None:
         """Writes an in-memory environment to its location on disk.
@@ -2341,7 +2046,7 @@ def write(self, regenerate: bool = True) -> None:
             regenerate: regenerate views and run post-write hooks as well as writing if True.
         """
         self.manifest_uptodate_or_warn()
-        if self.specs_by_hash or self.included_concrete_envs:
+        if self.specs_by_hash:
             self.ensure_env_directory_exists(dot_env=True)
             self.update_environment_repository()
             self.manifest.flush()
@@ -2840,19 +2545,6 @@ def override_user_spec(self, user_spec: str, idx: int) -> None:
             raise SpackEnvironmentError(msg) from e
         self.changed = True
 
-    def set_include_concrete(self, include_concrete: List[str]) -> None:
-        """Sets the included concrete environments in the manifest to the value(s) passed as input.
-
-        Args:
-            include_concrete: list of already existing concrete environments to include
-        """
-        self.pristine_configuration[included_concrete_name] = []
-
-        for env_path in include_concrete:
-            self.pristine_configuration[included_concrete_name].append(env_path)
-
-        self.changed = True
-
     def add_definition(self, user_spec: str, list_name: str) -> None:
         """Appends a user spec to the first active definition matching the name passed as argument.
 
@@ -3036,11 +2728,9 @@ def included_config_scopes(self) -> List[spack.config.ConfigScope]:
         for i, config_path in enumerate(reversed(includes)):
             # allow paths to contain spack config/environment variables, etc.
             config_path = substitute_path_variables(config_path)
+
             include_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(config_path)
 
-            # If scheme is not valid, config_path is not a url
-            # of a type Spack is generally aware
-            if spack.util.url.validate_scheme(include_url.scheme):
             # Transform file:// URLs to direct includes.
             if include_url.scheme == "file":
                 config_path = urllib.request.url2pathname(include_url.path)

lib/spack/spack/fetch_strategy.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import shutil
 import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
-import urllib.request
 from pathlib import PurePath
 from typing import List, Optional
 
@@ -274,7 +273,10 @@ def __init__(self, url=None, checksum=None, **kwargs):
     @property
     def curl(self):
         if not self._curl:
-            self._curl = web_util.require_curl()
+            try:
+                self._curl = which("curl", required=True)
+            except CommandNotFoundError as exc:
+                tty.error(str(exc))
         return self._curl
 
     def source_id(self):
@@ -295,23 +297,27 @@ def candidate_urls(self):
     @_needs_stage
     def fetch(self):
         if self.archive_file:
-            tty.debug(f"Already downloaded {self.archive_file}")
+            tty.debug("Already downloaded {0}".format(self.archive_file))
             return
 
-        errors: List[Exception] = []
+        url = None
+        errors = []
         for url in self.candidate_urls:
+            if not web_util.url_exists(url):
+                tty.debug("URL does not exist: " + url)
+                continue
+
             try:
                 self._fetch_from_url(url)
                 break
             except FailedDownloadError as e:
-                errors.extend(e.exceptions)
-        else:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(*errors)
+                errors.append(str(e))
+
+        for msg in errors:
+            tty.debug(msg)
 
         if not self.archive_file:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(
-                RuntimeError(f"Missing archive {self.archive_file} after fetching")
-            )
+            raise FailedDownloadError(url)
 
     def _fetch_from_url(self, url):
         if spack.config.get("config:url_fetch_method") == "curl":
@@ -330,20 +336,19 @@ def _check_headers(self, headers):
     @_needs_stage
     def _fetch_urllib(self, url):
         save_file = self.stage.save_filename
+        tty.msg("Fetching {0}".format(url))
 
-        request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT})
-
+        # Run urllib but grab the mime type from the http headers
         try:
-            response = web_util.urlopen(request)
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
+            url, headers, response = web_util.read_from_url(url)
+        except web_util.SpackWebError as e:
             # clean up archive on failure.
             if self.archive_file:
                 os.remove(self.archive_file)
             if os.path.lexists(save_file):
                 os.remove(save_file)
-            raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
-
-        tty.msg(f"Fetching {url}")
+            msg = "urllib failed to fetch with error {0}".format(e)
+            raise FailedDownloadError(url, msg)
 
         if os.path.lexists(save_file):
             os.remove(save_file)
@@ -351,7 +356,7 @@ def _fetch_urllib(self, url):
         with open(save_file, "wb") as _open_file:
             shutil.copyfileobj(response, _open_file)
 
-        self._check_headers(str(response.headers))
+        self._check_headers(str(headers))
 
     @_needs_stage
     def _fetch_curl(self, url):
@@ -360,7 +365,7 @@ def _fetch_curl(self, url):
         if self.stage.save_filename:
             save_file = self.stage.save_filename
             partial_file = self.stage.save_filename + ".part"
-        tty.msg(f"Fetching {url}")
+        tty.msg("Fetching {0}".format(url))
         if partial_file:
             save_args = [
                 "-C",
@@ -400,8 +405,8 @@ def _fetch_curl(self, url):
 
             try:
                 web_util.check_curl_code(curl.returncode)
-            except spack.error.FetchError as e:
-                raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
+            except spack.error.FetchError as err:
+                raise spack.fetch_strategy.FailedDownloadError(url, str(err))
 
         self._check_headers(headers)
 
@@ -549,13 +554,13 @@ def fetch(self):
 
         try:
             response = self._urlopen(self.url)
-        except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
             # clean up archive on failure.
             if self.archive_file:
                 os.remove(self.archive_file)
             if os.path.lexists(file):
                 os.remove(file)
-            raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
+            raise FailedDownloadError(self.url, f"Failed to fetch {self.url}: {e}") from e
 
         if os.path.lexists(file):
             os.remove(file)
@@ -1307,41 +1312,35 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
     @_needs_stage
     def fetch(self):
         if self.archive_file:
-            tty.debug(f"Already downloaded {self.archive_file}")
+            tty.debug("Already downloaded {0}".format(self.archive_file))
             return
 
         parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(self.url)
         if parsed_url.scheme != "s3":
             raise spack.error.FetchError("S3FetchStrategy can only fetch from s3:// urls.")
 
+        tty.debug("Fetching {0}".format(self.url))
+
         basename = os.path.basename(parsed_url.path)
-        request = urllib.request.Request(
-            self.url, headers={"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT}
-        )
 
         with working_dir(self.stage.path):
-            try:
-                response = web_util.urlopen(request)
-            except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-                raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
-
-            tty.debug(f"Fetching {self.url}")
+            _, headers, stream = web_util.read_from_url(self.url)
 
             with open(basename, "wb") as f:
-                shutil.copyfileobj(response, f)
+                shutil.copyfileobj(stream, f)
 
-            content_type = web_util.get_header(response.headers, "Content-type")
+            content_type = web_util.get_header(headers, "Content-type")
 
         if content_type == "text/html":
             warn_content_type_mismatch(self.archive_file or "the archive")
 
         if self.stage.save_filename:
-            fs.rename(os.path.join(self.stage.path, basename), self.stage.save_filename)
+            llnl.util.filesystem.rename(
+                os.path.join(self.stage.path, basename), self.stage.save_filename
+            )
 
         if not self.archive_file:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(
-                RuntimeError(f"Missing archive {self.archive_file} after fetching")
-            )
+            raise FailedDownloadError(self.url)
 
 
 @fetcher
@@ -1367,23 +1366,17 @@ def fetch(self):
         if parsed_url.scheme != "gs":
             raise spack.error.FetchError("GCSFetchStrategy can only fetch from gs:// urls.")
 
+        tty.debug("Fetching {0}".format(self.url))
+
         basename = os.path.basename(parsed_url.path)
-        request = urllib.request.Request(
-            self.url, headers={"User-Agent": web_util.SPACK_USER_AGENT}
-        )
 
         with working_dir(self.stage.path):
-            try:
-                response = web_util.urlopen(request)
-            except (TimeoutError, urllib.error.URLError) as e:
-                raise FailedDownloadError(e) from e
-
-            tty.debug(f"Fetching {self.url}")
+            _, headers, stream = web_util.read_from_url(self.url)
 
             with open(basename, "wb") as f:
-                shutil.copyfileobj(response, f)
+                shutil.copyfileobj(stream, f)
 
-            content_type = web_util.get_header(response.headers, "Content-type")
+            content_type = web_util.get_header(headers, "Content-type")
 
         if content_type == "text/html":
             warn_content_type_mismatch(self.archive_file or "the archive")
@@ -1392,9 +1385,7 @@ def fetch(self):
             os.rename(os.path.join(self.stage.path, basename), self.stage.save_filename)
 
         if not self.archive_file:
-            raise FailedDownloadError(
-                RuntimeError(f"Missing archive {self.archive_file} after fetching")
-            )
+            raise FailedDownloadError(self.url)
 
 
 @fetcher
@@ -1731,9 +1722,9 @@ class NoCacheError(spack.error.FetchError):
 class FailedDownloadError(spack.error.FetchError):
     """Raised when a download fails."""
 
-    def __init__(self, *exceptions: Exception):
-        super().__init__("Failed to download")
-        self.exceptions = exceptions
+    def __init__(self, url, msg=""):
+        super().__init__("Failed to fetch file from URL: %s" % url, msg)
+        self.url = url
 
 
 class NoArchiveFileError(spack.error.FetchError):

lib/spack/spack/filesystem_view.py

@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@
 import shutil
 import stat
 import sys
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Optional
+from typing import Optional
 
-from llnl.string import comma_or
 from llnl.util import tty
 from llnl.util.filesystem import (
     mkdirp,
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@
 from llnl.util.tty.color import colorize
 
 import spack.config
-import spack.directory_layout
 import spack.paths
 import spack.projections
 import spack.relocate
@@ -51,20 +49,19 @@
 _projections_path = ".spack/projections.yaml"
 
 
-LinkCallbackType = Callable[[str, str, "FilesystemView", Optional[spack.spec.Spec]], None]
-
-
-def view_symlink(src: str, dst: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+def view_symlink(src, dst, **kwargs):
+    # keyword arguments are irrelevant
+    # here to fit required call signature
     symlink(src, dst)
 
 
-def view_hardlink(src: str, dst: str, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+def view_hardlink(src, dst, **kwargs):
+    # keyword arguments are irrelevant
+    # here to fit required call signature
     os.link(src, dst)
 
 
-def view_copy(
-    src: str, dst: str, view: "FilesystemView", spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None
-) -> None:
+def view_copy(src: str, dst: str, view, spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None):
     """
     Copy a file from src to dst.
 
@@ -107,40 +104,27 @@ def view_copy(
         tty.debug(f"Can't change the permissions for {dst}")
 
 
-#: supported string values for `link_type` in an env, mapped to canonical values
-_LINK_TYPES = {
-    "hardlink": "hardlink",
-    "hard": "hardlink",
-    "copy": "copy",
-    "relocate": "copy",
-    "add": "symlink",
-    "symlink": "symlink",
-    "soft": "symlink",
-}
-
-_VALID_LINK_TYPES = sorted(set(_LINK_TYPES.values()))
-
-
-def canonicalize_link_type(link_type: str) -> str:
-    """Return canonical"""
-    canonical = _LINK_TYPES.get(link_type)
-    if not canonical:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"Invalid link type: '{link_type}. Must be one of {comma_or(_VALID_LINK_TYPES)}'"
-        )
-    return canonical
-
-
-def function_for_link_type(link_type: str) -> LinkCallbackType:
-    link_type = canonicalize_link_type(link_type)
-    if link_type == "hardlink":
+def view_func_parser(parsed_name):
+    # What method are we using for this view
+    if parsed_name in ("hardlink", "hard"):
         return view_hardlink
-    elif link_type == "symlink":
-        return view_symlink
-    elif link_type == "copy":
+    elif parsed_name in ("copy", "relocate"):
         return view_copy
+    elif parsed_name in ("add", "symlink", "soft"):
+        return view_symlink
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid link type for view: '{parsed_name}'")
 
-    assert False, "invalid link type"  # need mypy Literal values
+
+def inverse_view_func_parser(view_type):
+    # get string based on view type
+    if view_type is view_hardlink:
+        link_name = "hardlink"
+    elif view_type is view_copy:
+        link_name = "copy"
+    else:
+        link_name = "symlink"
+    return link_name
 
 
 class FilesystemView:
@@ -156,16 +140,7 @@ class FilesystemView:
     directory structure.
     """
 
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        root: str,
-        layout: spack.directory_layout.DirectoryLayout,
-        *,
-        projections: Optional[Dict] = None,
-        ignore_conflicts: bool = False,
-        verbose: bool = False,
-        link_type: str = "symlink",
-    ):
+    def __init__(self, root, layout, **kwargs):
         """
         Initialize a filesystem view under the given `root` directory with
         corresponding directory `layout`.
@@ -174,17 +149,15 @@ def __init__(
         """
         self._root = root
         self.layout = layout
-        self.projections = {} if projections is None else projections
 
-        self.ignore_conflicts = ignore_conflicts
-        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.projections = kwargs.get("projections", {})
+
+        self.ignore_conflicts = kwargs.get("ignore_conflicts", False)
+        self.verbose = kwargs.get("verbose", False)
 
         # Setup link function to include view
-        self.link_type = link_type
-        self._link = function_for_link_type(link_type)
-
-    def link(self, src: str, dst: str, spec: Optional[spack.spec.Spec] = None) -> None:
-        self._link(src, dst, self, spec)
+        link_func = kwargs.get("link", view_symlink)
+        self.link = ft.partial(link_func, view=self)
 
     def add_specs(self, *specs, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -282,24 +255,8 @@ class YamlFilesystemView(FilesystemView):
     Filesystem view to work with a yaml based directory layout.
     """
 
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        root: str,
-        layout: spack.directory_layout.DirectoryLayout,
-        *,
-        projections: Optional[Dict] = None,
-        ignore_conflicts: bool = False,
-        verbose: bool = False,
-        link_type: str = "symlink",
-    ):
-        super().__init__(
-            root,
-            layout,
-            projections=projections,
-            ignore_conflicts=ignore_conflicts,
-            verbose=verbose,
-            link_type=link_type,
-        )
+    def __init__(self, root, layout, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(root, layout, **kwargs)
 
         # Super class gets projections from the kwargs
         # YAML specific to get projections from YAML file
@@ -681,6 +638,9 @@ class SimpleFilesystemView(FilesystemView):
     """A simple and partial implementation of FilesystemView focused on performance and immutable
     views, where specs cannot be removed after they were added."""
 
+    def __init__(self, root, layout, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(root, layout, **kwargs)
+
     def _sanity_check_view_projection(self, specs):
         """A very common issue is that we end up with two specs of the same package, that project
         to the same prefix. We want to catch that as early as possible and give a sensible error to

lib/spack/spack/hooks/__init__.py

@@ -41,9 +41,8 @@ def _populate_hooks(cls):
 
         relative_names = list(list_modules(spack.paths.hooks_path))
 
-        # write_install_manifest should come after any mutation of the install prefix, and
-        # autopush should include the install manifest.
-        ensure_last(relative_names, "absolutify_elf_sonames", "write_install_manifest", "autopush")
+        # Ensure that write_install_manifest comes last
+        ensure_last(relative_names, "absolutify_elf_sonames", "write_install_manifest")
 
         for name in relative_names:
             module_name = __name__ + "." + name

lib/spack/spack/hooks/autopush.py

@@ -12,10 +12,6 @@
 def post_install(spec, explicit):
     # Push package to all buildcaches with autopush==True
 
-    # Do nothing if spec is an external package
-    if spec.external:
-        return
-
     # Do nothing if package was not installed from source
     pkg = spec.package
     if pkg.installed_from_binary_cache:

lib/spack/spack/hooks/windows_runtime_linkage.py

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2013-2024 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC and other
-# Spack Project Developers. See the top-level COPYRIGHT file for details.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: (Apache-2.0 OR MIT)
-
-
-def post_install(spec, explicit=None):
-    spec.package.windows_establish_runtime_linkage()

lib/spack/spack/installer.py

@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ def _process_external_package(pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase", explicit: b
         tty.debug(f"{pre} already registered in DB")
         record = spack.store.STORE.db.get_record(spec)
         if explicit and not record.explicit:
-            spack.store.STORE.db.mark(spec, "explicit", True)
+            spack.store.STORE.db.update_explicit(spec, explicit)
 
     except KeyError:
         # If not, register it and generate the module file.
@@ -488,7 +488,6 @@ def _process_binary_cache_tarball(
 
     with timer.measure("install"), spack.util.path.filter_padding():
         binary_distribution.extract_tarball(pkg.spec, download_result, force=False, timer=timer)
-        pkg.windows_establish_runtime_linkage()
 
         if hasattr(pkg, "_post_buildcache_install_hook"):
             pkg._post_buildcache_install_hook()
@@ -761,8 +760,12 @@ def __init__(self, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase", install_args: dict):
         if not self.pkg.spec.concrete:
             raise ValueError(f"{self.pkg.name} must have a concrete spec")
 
-        self.pkg.stop_before_phase = install_args.get("stop_before")  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # noqa: E501
-        self.pkg.last_phase = install_args.get("stop_at")  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        # Cache the package phase options with the explicit package,
+        # popping the options to ensure installation of associated
+        # dependencies is NOT affected by these options.
+
+        self.pkg.stop_before_phase = install_args.pop("stop_before", None)  # type: ignore[attr-defined] # noqa: E501
+        self.pkg.last_phase = install_args.pop("stop_at", None)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
         # Cache the package id for convenience
         self.pkg_id = package_id(pkg.spec)
@@ -1072,17 +1075,19 @@ def flag_installed(self, installed: List[str]) -> None:
 
     @property
     def explicit(self) -> bool:
-        return self.pkg.spec.dag_hash() in self.request.install_args.get("explicit", [])
+        """The package was explicitly requested by the user."""
+        return self.is_root and self.request.install_args.get("explicit", True)
 
     @property
-    def is_build_request(self) -> bool:
-        """The package was requested directly"""
+    def is_root(self) -> bool:
+        """The package was requested directly, but may or may not be explicit
+        in an environment."""
         return self.pkg == self.request.pkg
 
     @property
     def use_cache(self) -> bool:
         _use_cache = True
-        if self.is_build_request:
+        if self.is_root:
             return self.request.install_args.get("package_use_cache", _use_cache)
         else:
             return self.request.install_args.get("dependencies_use_cache", _use_cache)
@@ -1090,7 +1095,7 @@ def use_cache(self) -> bool:
     @property
     def cache_only(self) -> bool:
         _cache_only = False
-        if self.is_build_request:
+        if self.is_root:
             return self.request.install_args.get("package_cache_only", _cache_only)
         else:
             return self.request.install_args.get("dependencies_cache_only", _cache_only)
@@ -1116,17 +1121,24 @@ def priority(self):
 
 class PackageInstaller:
     """
-    Class for managing the install process for a Spack instance based on a bottom-up DAG approach.
+    Class for managing the install process for a Spack instance based on a
+    bottom-up DAG approach.
 
-    This installer can coordinate concurrent batch and interactive, local and distributed (on a
-    shared file system) builds for the same Spack instance.
+    This installer can coordinate concurrent batch and interactive, local
+    and distributed (on a shared file system) builds for the same Spack
+    instance.
     """
 
-    def __init__(
-        self, packages: List["spack.package_base.PackageBase"], install_args: dict
-    ) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, installs: List[Tuple["spack.package_base.PackageBase", dict]] = []) -> None:
+        """Initialize the installer.
+
+        Args:
+            installs (list): list of tuples, where each
+                tuple consists of a package (PackageBase) and its associated
+                 install arguments (dict)
+        """
         # List of build requests
-        self.build_requests = [BuildRequest(pkg, install_args) for pkg in packages]
+        self.build_requests = [BuildRequest(pkg, install_args) for pkg, install_args in installs]
 
         # Priority queue of build tasks
         self.build_pq: List[Tuple[Tuple[int, int], BuildTask]] = []
@@ -1363,8 +1375,8 @@ def _prepare_for_install(self, task: BuildTask) -> None:
             self._update_installed(task)
 
             # Only update the explicit entry once for the explicit package
-            if task.explicit and not rec.explicit:
-                spack.store.STORE.db.mark(task.pkg.spec, "explicit", True)
+            if task.explicit:
+                spack.store.STORE.db.update_explicit(task.pkg.spec, True)
 
     def _cleanup_all_tasks(self) -> None:
         """Cleanup all build tasks to include releasing their locks."""
@@ -1544,6 +1556,17 @@ def _add_tasks(self, request: BuildRequest, all_deps):
             tty.warn(f"Installation request refused: {str(err)}")
             return
 
+        # Skip out early if the spec is not being installed locally (i.e., if
+        # external or upstream).
+        #
+        # External and upstream packages need to get flagged as installed to
+        # ensure proper status tracking for environment build.
+        explicit = request.install_args.get("explicit", True)
+        not_local = _handle_external_and_upstream(request.pkg, explicit)
+        if not_local:
+            self._flag_installed(request.pkg)
+            return
+
         install_compilers = spack.config.get("config:install_missing_compilers", False)
 
         install_deps = request.install_args.get("install_deps")
@@ -1659,6 +1682,10 @@ def _install_task(self, task: BuildTask, install_status: InstallStatus) -> None:
         if not pkg.unit_test_check():
             return
 
+        # Injecting information to know if this installation request is the root one
+        # to determine in BuildProcessInstaller whether installation is explicit or not
+        install_args["is_root"] = task.is_root
+
         try:
             self._setup_install_dir(pkg)
 
@@ -1671,6 +1698,10 @@ def _install_task(self, task: BuildTask, install_status: InstallStatus) -> None:
             spack.package_base.PackageBase._verbose = spack.build_environment.start_build_process(
                 pkg, build_process, install_args
             )
+            # Currently this is how RPATH-like behavior is achieved on Windows, after install
+            # establish runtime linkage via Windows Runtime link object
+            # Note: this is a no-op on non Windows platforms
+            pkg.windows_establish_runtime_linkage()
             # Note: PARENT of the build process adds the new package to
             # the database, so that we don't need to re-read from file.
             spack.store.STORE.db.add(pkg.spec, spack.store.STORE.layout, explicit=explicit)
@@ -1970,8 +2001,8 @@ def install(self) -> None:
 
         self._init_queue()
         fail_fast_err = "Terminating after first install failure"
-        single_requested_spec = len(self.build_requests) == 1
-        failed_build_requests = []
+        single_explicit_spec = len(self.build_requests) == 1
+        failed_explicits = []
 
         install_status = InstallStatus(len(self.build_pq))
 
@@ -2020,7 +2051,8 @@ def install(self) -> None:
             # Skip the installation if the spec is not being installed locally
             # (i.e., if external or upstream) BUT flag it as installed since
             # some package likely depends on it.
-            if _handle_external_and_upstream(pkg, task.explicit):
+            if not task.explicit:
+                if _handle_external_and_upstream(pkg, False):
                     term_status.clear()
                     self._flag_installed(pkg, task.dependents)
                     continue
@@ -2168,11 +2200,14 @@ def install(self) -> None:
                 if self.fail_fast:
                     raise InstallError(f"{fail_fast_err}: {str(exc)}", pkg=pkg)
 
-                # Terminate when a single build request has failed, or summarize errors later.
-                if task.is_build_request:
-                    if single_requested_spec:
+                # Terminate at this point if the single explicit spec has
+                # failed to install.
+                if single_explicit_spec and task.explicit:
                     raise
-                    failed_build_requests.append((pkg, pkg_id, str(exc)))
+
+                # Track explicit spec id and error to summarize when done
+                if task.explicit:
+                    failed_explicits.append((pkg, pkg_id, str(exc)))
 
             finally:
                 # Remove the install prefix if anything went wrong during
@@ -2195,16 +2230,16 @@ def install(self) -> None:
             if request.install_args.get("install_package") and request.pkg_id not in self.installed
         ]
 
-        if failed_build_requests or missing:
-            for _, pkg_id, err in failed_build_requests:
+        if failed_explicits or missing:
+            for _, pkg_id, err in failed_explicits:
                 tty.error(f"{pkg_id}: {err}")
 
             for _, pkg_id in missing:
                 tty.error(f"{pkg_id}: Package was not installed")
 
-            if len(failed_build_requests) > 0:
-                pkg = failed_build_requests[0][0]
-                ids = [pkg_id for _, pkg_id, _ in failed_build_requests]
+            if len(failed_explicits) > 0:
+                pkg = failed_explicits[0][0]
+                ids = [pkg_id for _, pkg_id, _ in failed_explicits]
                 tty.debug(
                     "Associating installation failure with first failed "
                     f"explicit package ({ids[0]}) from {', '.join(ids)}"
@@ -2263,7 +2298,7 @@ def __init__(self, pkg: "spack.package_base.PackageBase", install_args: dict):
         self.verbose = bool(install_args.get("verbose", False))
 
         # whether installation was explicitly requested by the user
-        self.explicit = pkg.spec.dag_hash() in install_args.get("explicit", [])
+        self.explicit = install_args.get("is_root", False) and install_args.get("explicit", True)
 
         # env before starting installation
         self.unmodified_env = install_args.get("unmodified_env", {})

lib/spack/spack/main.py

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ def make_argument_parser(**kwargs):
     parser.add_argument(
         "--color",
         action="store",
-        default=None,
+        default=os.environ.get("SPACK_COLOR", "auto"),
         choices=("always", "never", "auto"),
         help="when to colorize output (default: auto)",
     )
@@ -622,7 +622,6 @@ def setup_main_options(args):
     # with color
     color.try_enable_terminal_color_on_windows()
     # when to use color (takes always, auto, or never)
-    if args.color is not None:
     color.set_color_when(args.color)
 
 

lib/spack/spack/mirror.py

@@ -87,8 +87,9 @@ def from_url(url: str):
         """Create an anonymous mirror by URL. This method validates the URL."""
         if not urllib.parse.urlparse(url).scheme in supported_url_schemes:
             raise ValueError(
-                f'"{url}" is not a valid mirror URL. '
-                f"Scheme must be one of {supported_url_schemes}."
+                '"{}" is not a valid mirror URL. Scheme must be once of {}.'.format(
+                    url, ", ".join(supported_url_schemes)
+                )
             )
         return Mirror(url)
 
@@ -733,7 +734,7 @@ def require_mirror_name(mirror_name):
     """Find a mirror by name and raise if it does not exist"""
     mirror = spack.mirror.MirrorCollection().get(mirror_name)
     if not mirror:
-        raise ValueError(f'no mirror named "{mirror_name}"')
+        raise ValueError('no mirror named "{0}"'.format(mirror_name))
     return mirror
 
 

lib/spack/spack/oci/oci.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 from http.client import HTTPResponse
-from typing import List, NamedTuple, Tuple
+from typing import NamedTuple, Tuple
 from urllib.request import Request
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 import spack.stage
 import spack.traverse
 import spack.util.crypto
-import spack.util.url
 
 from .image import Digest, ImageReference
 
@@ -70,42 +69,6 @@ def with_query_param(url: str, param: str, value: str) -> str:
     )
 
 
-def list_tags(ref: ImageReference, _urlopen: spack.oci.opener.MaybeOpen = None) -> List[str]:
-    """Retrieves the list of tags associated with an image, handling pagination."""
-    _urlopen = _urlopen or spack.oci.opener.urlopen
-    tags = set()
-    fetch_url = ref.tags_url()
-
-    while True:
-        # Fetch tags
-        request = Request(url=fetch_url)
-        response = _urlopen(request)
-        spack.oci.opener.ensure_status(request, response, 200)
-        tags.update(json.load(response)["tags"])
-
-        # Check for pagination
-        link_header = response.headers["Link"]
-
-        if link_header is None:
-            break
-
-        tty.debug(f"OCI tag pagination: {link_header}")
-
-        rel_next_value = spack.util.url.parse_link_rel_next(link_header)
-
-        if rel_next_value is None:
-            break
-
-        rel_next = urllib.parse.urlparse(rel_next_value)
-
-        if rel_next.scheme not in ("https", ""):
-            break
-
-        fetch_url = ref.endpoint(rel_next_value)
-
-    return sorted(tags)
-
-
 def upload_blob(
     ref: ImageReference,
     file: str,

lib/spack/spack/oci/opener.py

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def create_opener():
     opener = urllib.request.OpenerDirector()
     for handler in [
         urllib.request.UnknownHandler(),
-        urllib.request.HTTPSHandler(context=spack.util.web.ssl_create_default_context()),
+        urllib.request.HTTPSHandler(),
         spack.util.web.SpackHTTPDefaultErrorHandler(),
         urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler(),
         urllib.request.HTTPErrorProcessor(),
@@ -418,27 +418,18 @@ def ensure_status(request: urllib.request.Request, response: HTTPResponse, statu
     )
 
 
-def default_retry(f, retries: int = 5, sleep=None):
+def default_retry(f, retries: int = 3, sleep=None):
     sleep = sleep or time.sleep
 
     def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
         for i in range(retries):
             try:
                 return f(*args, **kwargs)
-            except (urllib.error.URLError, TimeoutError) as e:
+            except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
                 # Retry on internal server errors, and rate limit errors
                 # Potentially this could take into account the Retry-After header
                 # if registries support it
-                if i + 1 != retries and (
-                    (
-                        isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                        and (500 <= e.code < 600 or e.code == 429)
-                    )
-                    or (
-                        isinstance(e, urllib.error.URLError) and isinstance(e.reason, TimeoutError)
-                    )
-                    or isinstance(e, TimeoutError)
-                ):
+                if i + 1 != retries and (500 <= e.code < 600 or e.code == 429):
                     # Exponential backoff
                     sleep(2**i)
                     continue

lib/spack/spack/operating_systems/mac_os.py

@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ def __init__(self):
             "12": "monterey",
             "13": "ventura",
             "14": "sonoma",
-            "15": "sequoia",
         }
 
         version = macos_version()

lib/spack/spack/package.py

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@
 )
 from spack.build_systems.cargo import CargoPackage
 from spack.build_systems.cmake import CMakePackage, generator
-from spack.build_systems.compiler import CompilerPackage
 from spack.build_systems.cuda import CudaPackage
 from spack.build_systems.generic import Package
 from spack.build_systems.gnu import GNUMirrorPackage

lib/spack/spack/package_base.py

@@ -161,11 +161,7 @@ def windows_establish_runtime_linkage(self):
 
         Performs symlinking to incorporate rpath dependencies to Windows runtime search paths
         """
-        # If spec is an external, we should not be modifying its bin directory, as we would
-        # be doing in this method
-        # Spack should in general not modify things it has not installed
-        # we can reasonably expect externals to have their link interface properly established
-        if sys.platform == "win32" and not self.spec.external:
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
             self.win_rpath.add_library_dependent(*self.win_add_library_dependent())
             self.win_rpath.add_rpath(*self.win_add_rpath())
             self.win_rpath.establish_link()
@@ -199,10 +195,10 @@ def __init__(cls, name, bases, attr_dict):
         # assumed to be detectable
         if hasattr(cls, "executables") or hasattr(cls, "libraries"):
             # Append a tag to each detectable package, so that finding them is faster
-            if not hasattr(cls, "tags"):
+            if hasattr(cls, "tags"):
+                getattr(cls, "tags").append(DetectablePackageMeta.TAG)
+            else:
                 setattr(cls, "tags", [DetectablePackageMeta.TAG])
-            elif DetectablePackageMeta.TAG not in cls.tags:
-                cls.tags.append(DetectablePackageMeta.TAG)
 
             @classmethod
             def platform_executables(cls):
@@ -1119,8 +1115,9 @@ def _make_stage(self):
             if not link_format:
                 link_format = "build-{arch}-{hash:7}"
             stage_link = self.spec.format_path(link_format)
-            source_stage = DevelopStage(compute_stage_name(self.spec), dev_path, stage_link)
-        else:
+            return DevelopStage(compute_stage_name(self.spec), dev_path, stage_link)
+
+        # To fetch the current version
         source_stage = self._make_root_stage(self.fetcher)
 
         # all_stages is source + resources + patches
@@ -1243,7 +1240,7 @@ def install_test_root(self):
         """Return the install test root directory."""
         tty.warn(
             "The 'pkg.install_test_root' property is deprecated with removal "
-            "expected v0.23. Use 'install_test_root(pkg)' instead."
+            "expected v0.22. Use 'install_test_root(pkg)' instead."
         )
         return install_test_root(self)
 
@@ -1450,8 +1447,10 @@ def do_fetch(self, mirror_only=False):
             return
 
         checksum = spack.config.get("config:checksum")
+        fetch = self.stage.needs_fetching
         if (
             checksum
+            and fetch
             and (self.version not in self.versions)
             and (not isinstance(self.version, GitVersion))
         ):
@@ -1558,11 +1557,13 @@ def do_patch(self):
                 tty.debug("Patching failed last time. Restaging.")
                 self.stage.restage()
             else:
-                # develop specs may have patch failures but should never be restaged
-                tty.warn(
-                    f"A patch failure was detected in {self.name}."
-                    " Build errors may occur due to this."
+                # develop specs/ DIYStages may have patch failures but
+                # should never be restaged
+                msg = (
+                    "A patch failure was detected in %s." % self.name
+                    + " Build errors may occur due to this."
                 )
+                tty.warn(msg)
                 return
 
         # If this file exists, then we already applied all the patches.
@@ -1876,10 +1877,7 @@ def do_install(self, **kwargs):
             verbose (bool): Display verbose build output (by default,
                 suppresses it)
         """
-        explicit = kwargs.get("explicit", True)
-        if isinstance(explicit, bool):
-            kwargs["explicit"] = {self.spec.dag_hash()} if explicit else set()
-        PackageInstaller([self], kwargs).install()
+        PackageInstaller([(self, kwargs)]).install()
 
     # TODO (post-34236): Update tests and all packages that use this as a
     # TODO (post-34236): package method to the routine made available to
@@ -1900,7 +1898,7 @@ def cache_extra_test_sources(self, srcs):
         """
         msg = (
             "'pkg.cache_extra_test_sources(srcs) is deprecated with removal "
-            "expected in v0.23. Use 'cache_extra_test_sources(pkg, srcs)' "
+            "expected in v0.22. Use 'cache_extra_test_sources(pkg, srcs)' "
             "instead."
         )
         warnings.warn(msg)
@@ -2448,18 +2446,9 @@ def rpath(self):
 
         # on Windows, libraries of runtime interest are typically
         # stored in the bin directory
-        # Do not include Windows system libraries in the rpath interface
-        # these libraries are handled automatically by VS/VCVARS and adding
-        # Spack derived system libs into the link path or address space of a program
-        # can result in conflicting versions, which makes Spack packages less useable
         if sys.platform == "win32":
             rpaths = [self.prefix.bin]
-            rpaths.extend(
-                d.prefix.bin
-                for d in deps
-                if os.path.isdir(d.prefix.bin)
-                and "windows-system" not in getattr(d.package, "tags", [])
-            )
+            rpaths.extend(d.prefix.bin for d in deps if os.path.isdir(d.prefix.bin))
         else:
             rpaths = [self.prefix.lib, self.prefix.lib64]
             rpaths.extend(d.prefix.lib for d in deps if os.path.isdir(d.prefix.lib))
@@ -2566,12 +2555,7 @@ class PackageStillNeededError(InstallError):
     """Raised when package is still needed by another on uninstall."""
 
     def __init__(self, spec, dependents):
-        spec_fmt = spack.spec.DEFAULT_FORMAT + " /{hash:7}"
-        dep_fmt = "{name}{@versions} /{hash:7}"
-        super().__init__(
-            f"Cannot uninstall {spec.format(spec_fmt)}, "
-            f"needed by {[dep.format(dep_fmt) for dep in dependents]}"
-        )
+        super().__init__("Cannot uninstall %s" % spec)
         self.spec = spec
         self.dependents = dependents
 

lib/spack/spack/platforms/cray.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 import archspec.cpu
 
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
-from llnl.util.symlink import readlink
 
 import spack.target
 import spack.version
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ def craype_type_and_version(cls):
         # Take the default version from known symlink path
         default_path = os.path.join(craype_dir, "default")
         if os.path.islink(default_path):
-            version = spack.version.Version(readlink(default_path))
+            version = spack.version.Version(os.readlink(default_path))
             return (craype_type, version)
 
         # If no default version, sort available versions and return latest

lib/spack/spack/relocate.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 import llnl.util.lang
 import llnl.util.tty as tty
 from llnl.util.lang import memoized
-from llnl.util.symlink import readlink, symlink
+from llnl.util.symlink import symlink
 
 import spack.paths
 import spack.platforms
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 import spack.store
 import spack.util.elf as elf
 import spack.util.executable as executable
-import spack.util.path
 
 from .relocate_text import BinaryFilePrefixReplacer, TextFilePrefixReplacer
 
@@ -566,7 +565,7 @@ def make_link_relative(new_links, orig_links):
         orig_links (list): original links
     """
     for new_link, orig_link in zip(new_links, orig_links):
-        target = readlink(orig_link)
+        target = os.readlink(orig_link)
         relative_target = os.path.relpath(target, os.path.dirname(orig_link))
         os.unlink(new_link)
         symlink(relative_target, new_link)
@@ -614,7 +613,7 @@ def relocate_links(links, prefix_to_prefix):
     """Relocate links to a new install prefix."""
     regex = re.compile("|".join(re.escape(p) for p in prefix_to_prefix.keys()))
     for link in links:
-        old_target = readlink(link)
+        old_target = os.readlink(link)
         match = regex.match(old_target)
 
         # No match.

lib/spack/spack/repo.py

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ def get_all_package_diffs(type, rev1="HEAD^1", rev2="HEAD"):
 
     Arguments:
 
-        type (str): String containing one or more of 'A', 'R', 'C'
+        type (str): String containing one or more of 'A', 'B', 'C'
         rev1 (str): Revision to compare against, default is 'HEAD^'
         rev2 (str): Revision to compare to rev1, default is 'HEAD'
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ def get_all_package_diffs(type, rev1="HEAD^1", rev2="HEAD"):
     lines = [] if not out else re.split(r"\s+", out)
     changed = set()
     for path in lines:
-        pkg_name, _, _ = path.partition("/")
+        pkg_name, _, _ = path.partition(os.sep)
         if pkg_name not in added and pkg_name not in removed:
             changed.add(pkg_name)
 

lib/spack/spack/reporters/cdash.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 from spack.error import SpackError
 from spack.util.crypto import checksum
 from spack.util.log_parse import parse_log_events
-from spack.util.web import ssl_create_default_context
+from spack.util.web import urllib_ssl_cert_handler
 
 from .base import Reporter
 from .extract import extract_test_parts
@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@
 # Initialize data structures common to each phase's report.
 CDASH_PHASES = set(MAP_PHASES_TO_CDASH.values())
 CDASH_PHASES.add("update")
-# CDash request timeout in seconds
-SPACK_CDASH_TIMEOUT = 45
+
 
 CDashConfiguration = collections.namedtuple(
     "CDashConfiguration", ["upload_url", "packages", "build", "site", "buildstamp", "track"]
@@ -429,7 +428,7 @@ def upload(self, filename):
         # Compute md5 checksum for the contents of this file.
         md5sum = checksum(hashlib.md5, filename, block_size=8192)
 
-        opener = build_opener(HTTPSHandler(context=ssl_create_default_context()))
+        opener = build_opener(HTTPSHandler(context=urllib_ssl_cert_handler()))
         with open(filename, "rb") as f:
             params_dict = {
                 "build": self.buildname,
@@ -448,7 +447,7 @@ def upload(self, filename):
                 # By default, urllib2 only support GET and POST.
                 # CDash expects this file to be uploaded via PUT.
                 request.get_method = lambda: "PUT"
-                response = opener.open(request, timeout=SPACK_CDASH_TIMEOUT)
+                response = opener.open(request)
                 if self.current_package_name not in self.buildIds:
                     resp_value = response.read()
                     if isinstance(resp_value, bytes):

lib/spack/spack/rewiring.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import tempfile
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
-from llnl.util.symlink import readlink, symlink
+from llnl.util.symlink import symlink
 
 import spack.binary_distribution as bindist
 import spack.error
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def _relocate_spliced_links(links, orig_prefix, new_prefix):
     in our case. This still needs to be called after the copy to destination
     because it expects the new directory structure to be in place."""
     for link in links:
-        link_target = readlink(os.path.join(orig_prefix, link))
+        link_target = os.readlink(os.path.join(orig_prefix, link))
         link_target = re.sub("^" + orig_prefix, new_prefix, link_target)
         new_link_path = os.path.join(new_prefix, link)
         os.unlink(new_link_path)