This turns some variant-specific methods for dealing with when-keyed dictionaries into
more generic versions, in preparation for conditional version definitions.
`_by_name`, `_names`, etc. are replaced with generic methods for transforming
when-keyed dictionaries:
* `_by_subkey()`
* `_subkeys()`
* `_num_definitions()`
* `_definitions()`
* `_remove_overridden_defs()`
And the variant accessors are refactored to use these methods underneath.
To do this, types like `WhenDict` had to be generified, and some `TypeVars`
were added for sortable keys and values.
Signed-off-by: Todd Gamblin <tgamblin@llnl.gov>