(install-amazon)=

# Installing on Amazon Web Services

## Goal

To have a JupyterHub with admin users and a user environment with conda / pip packages.

## Prerequisites

1. An Amazon Web Services account.

   If asked to choose a default region, choose the one closest to the majority
   of your users.

## Step 1: Installing The Littlest JupyterHub

Let's create the server on which we can run JupyterHub.

1.  Go to [Amazon Web Services](https://aws.amazon.com/) and click the gold
    button 'Sign In to the Console' in the upper right. Log in with your Amazon Web
    Services account.

    If you need to adjust your region from your default, there is a drop-down
    menu between your name and the **Support** menu on the far right of the dark
    navigation bar across the top of the window. Adjust the region to match the
    closest one to the majority of your users.

2.  On the screen listing all the available services, pick **EC2** under **Compute**
    on the left side at the top of the first column.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/compute_services.png
    :alt: Select EC2
    ```

    This will take you to the **EC2 Management Console**.

3.  From the navigation menu listing on the far left side of the **EC2 Management
    Console**, choose **Instances** under the light gray **INSTANCES** sub-heading.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/instances_from_console.png
    :alt: Select Instances from console
    ```

4.  In the main window of the **EC2 Management Console**, towards the top left,
    click on the bright blue **Launch Instance** button.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/launch_instance_button.png
    :alt: Click launch instance
    ```

    This will start the 'launch instance wizard' process. This lets you customize
    the kind of server you want, the resources it will have and its name.

5.  On the page **Step 1: Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI)** you are going
    to pick the base image your remote server will have. The view will
    default to the 'Quick-start' tab selected and just a few down the page, select
    **Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type - ami-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX**,
    leaving `64-bit (x86)` toggled.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/select_ubuntu_18.png
    :alt: Click Ubuntu server 22.04
    ```

    The `ami` alpha-numeric at the end references the specific Amazon machine
    image, ignore this as Amazon updates them routinely. The
    **Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (HVM)** is the important part.

6.  After selecting the AMI, you'll be at **Step 2: Choose an Instance Type**.

    There will be a long listing of the types and numbers of CPUs that Amazon
    offers. Select the one you want and then select the button
    `Next: Configure Instance Details` in the lower right corner.

    Check out our guide on How To [](/howto/admin/resource-estimation) to help pick
    how much Memory / CPU your server needs.
    We recommend you use a server with at least 2GB of RAM, such as a **t3.small**.
    However, if you need to minimise costs you can use a server with **1GB** RAM such as a **t2.micro**, but performance will be limited.

    You may wish to consult the listing [here](https://www.ec2instances.info/)
    because it shows cost per hour. The **On Demand** price is the pertinent cost.

    `GPU graphics` and `GPU compute` products are also available around half way down the page

7.  Under **Step 3: Configure Instance Details**, scroll to the bottom of the page
    and toggle the arrow next to **Advanced Details**. Scroll down to 'User data'. Copy
    the text below, and paste it into the **User data** text box. Replace
    `<admin-user-name>` with the name of the first **admin user** for this
    JupyterHub. This admin user can log in after the JupyterHub is set up, and
    configure it. **Remember to add your username**!

    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    curl -L https://tljh.jupyter.org/bootstrap.py \
      | sudo python3 - \
        --admin <admin-user-name>
    ```

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/script_in_user_data.png
    :alt: Install JupyterHub with the script in the User data textbox
    ```

    :::{note}
    See [](/topic/installer-actions) for a detailed description and
    [](/topic/customizing-installer) for other options that can be used.
    :::

8.  Under **Step 4: Add Storage**, you can change the **size** and **type of your
    disk by adjusting the value in \*\*Size (GiB)** and selecting **Volume Type**.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/change_size_type.png
    :alt: Selecting disk size and type
    ```

    Check out [](/howto/admin/resource-estimation) to help pick
    how much Disk space your server needs.

    Hover over the encircled `i` next to **Volume Type** for an explanation of
    each. Leaving the default as is is fine. `General Purpose SSD (gp2)` is
    recommended for most workloads. With `Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1)` being the
    highest-performance SSD volume. Magnetic (standard) is a previous generation
    volume and not suited for a hub for multi-users.

    When finished, click **Next: Add Tags** in the bottom right corner.

9.  Under **Step 5: Add Tags**, click **Add Tag** and enter **Name** under the
    **Key** field. In the **Value** field in the **Name** row, give your new
    server a memorable name that identifies what purpose this JupyterHub will be
    used for.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/name_hub.png
    :alt: Use tags to name the hub.
    ```

10. Under **Step 6: Configure Security Group**, you'll set the firewall rules
    that control the traffic for your instance. Specifically you'll want to add
    rules to allow both **HTTP Traffic** and **HTTPS Traffic**. For
    advanced troubleshooting, it will be helpful to set rules so you can use
    SSH to connect (port 22).

    If you have never used your Amazon account before, you'll have to select
    **Create a new security group**. You should give it a distinctive name
    under **Security group name**
    such as `ssh_web` for future reference. If you already have a security group,
    you can select it and adjust it to have the rules you need, if you prefer.

    The rules will default to include `SSH`. Leave that there, and then click on
    the **Add Rule** button. Under **Type** for the new rule, change the field
    to **HTTP**. The other boxes will get filled in appropritely. Again, click on
    the **Add Rule** button. This time under **Type** for the new rule, change
    the field to **HTTPS**.

    The warning is there to remind you this opens things up to some degree but
    this is necessary in order to let your users connect. However, this warning
    is a good reminder that you should monitor your server to insure it is
    available for users who may need it.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/set_security_groups.png
    :alt: Allow HTTP & HTTPS traffic to your server
    ```

11. When the security rules are set, click on the blue button in the bottom
    right **Review and Launch**. This will give you a chance to review things
    because very soon you'll be launching and start paying for any resources you
    use.

    Note that you'll see two HTTP listings and two HTTPS listings under
    **Security Groups** even though you only made one for each. This is normal &
    necessary to match both IPv4 & IPv6 types of IP addresses.

    When you are happy, press the blue **Launch** button in the bottom right
    corner to nearly conclude your journey through the instance launch wizard.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/finally_launch.png
    :alt: Launch your server
    ```

12. In the dialog box that pops up as the last step before launching is
    triggered, you need to choose what to do about an identifying key pair and
    acknowledge your choice in order to proceed. If you already have a key pair you
    can select to associate it with this instance, otherwise you need to
    **Create a new key pair**. Choosing to `Proceed without a key pair` is not
    recommended as you'll have no way to access your server via SSH if anything
    goes wrong with the Jupyterhub and have no way to recover files via download.

    Download and keep the key pair file unless you are associating one you already
    have.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/create_key_pair.png
    :alt: Associate key pair
    ```

13. With the key pair associated, click the **Launch instances** button to
    start creating the server that'll run TLJH.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/launch_now.png
    :alt: Trigger actual launch
    ```

14. Following the launch initiation, you'll be taken to a **Launch Status**
    notification screen. You can see more information about the details if you
    click on the alphanumeric link to the launching instance following the text,
    "`The following instance launches have been initiated:`".

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/launch_status_screen.png
    :alt: Launch status notice
    ```

15. That link will take you back to the **EC2 Management Console** with settings
    that will limit the view in the console to just that instance. (Delete the
    filter in the search bar if you want to see any other instances you may
    have.) At first the server will be starting up, and then when the
    **Instance state** is green the server is running.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/running_server.png
    :alt: Server is running.
    ```

    If you already have instances running in your account, the screen will look
    different if you disable that filter. But you want to pay attention to the
    row with the name of the server you made.

16. In a few seconds your server will be created, and you can see the
    **Public IP** used to access it in the panel at the bottom of the console.
    If it isn't displayed, click on the row for that instance in the console. It
    will look like a pattern similar to **12.30.230.127**.

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/public_ip.png
    :alt: public IP
    ```

17. The Littlest JupyterHub is now installing in the background on your new
    server. It takes around 10 minutes for this installation to complete.

18. Check if the installation is complete by copying the **Public IP**
    of your server, and trying to access it from within a browser. If it has been
    10 minutes, paste the public IP into the URL bar of your browser and hit
    return to try to connect.

    Accessing the JupyterHub will fail until the installation is complete,
    so be patient. The next step below this one shows the login window you are
    expecting to see when trying the URL and things work.
    While waiting until the appropriate time to try, another way to check if
    things are churning away, is to open the **System Log**. To do this, go to
    the **EC2 Management Console** & highlight the instance by clicking on that
    row and then right-click **Monitor and troubleshoot** > **Get system log**.

19. When the Jupyterhub creation process finishes and the hub is ready to show
    the login, the **System Log** should look similar to the image below. Scroll to
    the bottom of your output from the previous step.
    Note the line **Starting TLJH installer**, you may also see **Started jupyterhub.service**

    ```{image} ../images/providers/amazon/completed_system_log.png
    :alt: Completed system log
    ```

20. When the installation is complete, it should give you a JupyterHub login page.

    ```{image} ../images/first-login.png
    :alt: JupyterHub log-in page
    ```

21. Login using the **admin user name** you used in step 7, and a password. Use a
    strong password & note it down somewhere, since this will be the password for
    the admin user account from now on.

22. Congratulations, you have a running working JupyterHub!

## Step 2: Adding more users

```{include} add-users.md

```

## Step 3: Install conda / pip packages for all users

```{include} add-packages.md

```
