diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ddb93eb..b890733 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -633,29 +633,49 @@ if(v.is_integer() && v.as_integer() == 42)
 }
 ```
 
-The complete list of the functions is below.
+`as_*` functions internally checks the current contained type for safety and
+throws `toml::type_error` if the contained value type is different (after toml11
+v2.4.0). If you already confirmed that the value has the type you will cast
+into, you can skip the additional checking by passing `std::nothrow` object to it.
+
+```cpp
+toml::value v = /* ... */;
+if(v.is_integer() && v.as_integer(std::nothrow) == 42) // never fail
+{
+    std::cout << "value is 42" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+The full list of the functions is below.
 
 ```cpp
 namespace toml {
 class value {
     // ...
-    const boolean&         as_boolean()         const& noexcept;
-    const integer&         as_integer()         const& noexcept;
-    const floating&        as_floating()        const& noexcept;
-    const string&          as_string()          const& noexcept;
-    const offset_datetime& as_offset_datetime() const& noexcept;
-    const local_datetime&  as_local_datetime()  const& noexcept;
-    const local_date&      as_local_date()      const& noexcept;
-    const local_time&      as_local_time()      const& noexcept;
-    const array&           as_array()           const& noexcept;
-    const table&           as_table()           const& noexcept;
+    const boolean&         as_boolean()         const&;
+    const integer&         as_integer()         const&;
+    const floating&        as_floating()        const&;
+    const string&          as_string()          const&;
+    const offset_datetime& as_offset_datetime() const&;
+    const local_datetime&  as_local_datetime()  const&;
+    const local_date&      as_local_date()      const&;
+    const local_time&      as_local_time()      const&;
+    const array&           as_array()           const&;
+    const table&           as_table()           const&;
     // --------------------------------------------------------
     // non-const version
-    boolean&               as_boolean()         &      noexcept;
+    boolean&               as_boolean()         &;
     // ditto...
     // --------------------------------------------------------
     // rvalue version
-    boolean&&              as_boolean()         &&     noexcept;
+    boolean&&              as_boolean()         &&;
+    // ditto...
+
+    // --------------------------------------------------------
+    // noexcept versions ...
+    const boolean&         as_boolean(const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept;
+    boolean&               as_boolean(const std::nothrow_t&) &      noexcept;
+    boolean&&              as_boolean(const std::nothrow_t&) &&     noexcept;
     // ditto...
 };
 } // toml
diff --git a/tests/test_value.cpp b/tests/test_value.cpp
index 8b1afe9..d9cfca3 100644
--- a/tests/test_value.cpp
+++ b/tests/test_value.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_boolean)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.cast<toml::value_t::boolean>(), false);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_boolean(), true);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.as_boolean(), false);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_boolean(std::nothrow), true);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.as_boolean(std::nothrow), false);
 
     v1 = false;
     v2 = true;
@@ -122,6 +124,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_integer)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.cast<toml::value_t::integer>(),  42u);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_integer(), -42);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.as_integer(),  42u);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_integer(std::nothrow), -42);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.as_integer(std::nothrow),  42u);
 
     v1 = 54;
     v2 = -54;
@@ -212,6 +216,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_float)
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(v2.cast<toml::value_t::floating>(), 3.14, 1e-2);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL         (v1.as_floating(), 3.14);
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(v2.as_floating(), 3.14, 1e-2);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL         (v1.as_floating(std::nothrow), 3.14);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE_FRACTION(v2.as_floating(std::nothrow), 3.14, 1e-2);
 
     v1 = 2.718f;
     v2 = 2.718;
@@ -309,7 +315,9 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_string)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_string(), "foo");
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.as_string(), "foo");
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v3.as_string(), "foo");
-
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_string(std::nothrow), "foo");
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.as_string(std::nothrow), "foo");
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v3.as_string(std::nothrow), "foo");
 
     v1 = "bar";
     v2 = "bar";
@@ -439,6 +447,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_local_date)
                       toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Jan, 31));
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_local_date(),
                       toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Jan, 31));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_local_date(std::nothrow),
+                      toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Jan, 31));
 
     v1 = toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Apr, 1);
 
@@ -503,6 +513,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_local_time)
                       v2.cast<toml::value_t::local_time>());
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_local_time(),
                       v2.as_local_time());
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_local_time(std::nothrow),
+                      v2.as_local_time(std::nothrow));
 
     v1 = toml::local_time(1, 30, 0, /*ms*/ 100, /*us*/ 0);
 
@@ -557,6 +569,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_local_datetime)
                       toml::local_datetime(
                           toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Jan, 31),
                           toml::local_time(12, 30, 45)));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_local_datetime(std::nothrow),
+                      toml::local_datetime(
+                          toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Jan, 31),
+                          toml::local_time(12, 30, 45)));
+
 
     v1 = toml::local_datetime(
                 toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Apr, 1),
@@ -628,6 +645,13 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_offset_datetime)
                 toml::local_time(12, 30, 45),
                 toml::time_offset(9, 0)
                 ));
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_offset_datetime(std::nothrow),
+            toml::offset_datetime(
+                toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Jan, 31),
+                toml::local_time(12, 30, 45),
+                toml::time_offset(9, 0)
+                ));
+
 
     v1 = toml::offset_datetime(
                 toml::local_date(2018, toml::month_t::Apr, 1),
@@ -705,7 +729,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_array)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array().at(2).as_integer(), 3);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array().at(3).as_integer(), 4);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array().at(4).as_integer(), 5);
-
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array(std::nothrow).at(0).as_integer(), 1);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array(std::nothrow).at(1).as_integer(), 2);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array(std::nothrow).at(2).as_integer(), 3);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array(std::nothrow).at(3).as_integer(), 4);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_array(std::nothrow).at(4).as_integer(), 5);
 
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.cast<toml::value_t::array>().at(0).cast<toml::value_t::integer>(), 6);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v2.cast<toml::value_t::array>().at(1).cast<toml::value_t::integer>(), 7);
@@ -794,6 +822,9 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_table)
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_table().at("foo").as_integer(),    42);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_table().at("bar").as_floating(),   3.14);
     BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_table().at("baz").as_string().str, "qux");
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_table(std::nothrow).at("foo").as_integer(),    42);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_table(std::nothrow).at("bar").as_floating(),   3.14);
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(v1.as_table(std::nothrow).at("baz").as_string().str, "qux");
 
 
     v1 = toml::table{{"foo", 2.71}, {"bar", 54}, {"baz", "quux"}};
@@ -840,4 +871,15 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_empty)
     toml::value v1;
     BOOST_CHECK(v1.is_uninitialized());
     BOOST_CHECK(v1.is(toml::value_t::empty));
+
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_boolean(),         toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_integer(),         toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_floating(),        toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_string(),          toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_offset_datetime(), toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_local_datetime(),  toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_local_date(),      toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_local_time(),      toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_array(),           toml::type_error);
+    BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.as_table(),           toml::type_error);
 }
diff --git a/toml/value.hpp b/toml/value.hpp
index eaaaf23..7683382 100644
--- a/toml/value.hpp
+++ b/toml/value.hpp
@@ -944,38 +944,295 @@ class basic_value
         return detail::switch_cast<T>::invoke(std::move(*this));
     }
 
-    boolean         const& as_boolean()         const& noexcept {return this->boolean_;}
-    integer         const& as_integer()         const& noexcept {return this->integer_;}
-    floating        const& as_floating()        const& noexcept {return this->floating_;}
-    string          const& as_string()          const& noexcept {return this->string_;}
-    offset_datetime const& as_offset_datetime() const& noexcept {return this->offset_datetime_;}
-    local_datetime  const& as_local_datetime()  const& noexcept {return this->local_datetime_;}
-    local_date      const& as_local_date()      const& noexcept {return this->local_date_;}
-    local_time      const& as_local_time()      const& noexcept {return this->local_time_;}
-    array_type      const& as_array()           const& noexcept {return this->array_.value();}
-    table_type      const& as_table()           const& noexcept {return this->table_.value();}
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // nothrow version
 
-    boolean        & as_boolean()         & noexcept {return this->boolean_;}
-    integer        & as_integer()         & noexcept {return this->integer_;}
-    floating       & as_floating()        & noexcept {return this->floating_;}
-    string         & as_string()          & noexcept {return this->string_;}
-    offset_datetime& as_offset_datetime() & noexcept {return this->offset_datetime_;}
-    local_datetime & as_local_datetime()  & noexcept {return this->local_datetime_;}
-    local_date     & as_local_date()      & noexcept {return this->local_date_;}
-    local_time     & as_local_time()      & noexcept {return this->local_time_;}
-    array_type     & as_array()           & noexcept {return this->array_.value();}
-    table_type     & as_table()           & noexcept {return this->table_.value();}
+    boolean         const& as_boolean        (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->boolean_;}
+    integer         const& as_integer        (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->integer_;}
+    floating        const& as_floating       (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->floating_;}
+    string          const& as_string         (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->string_;}
+    offset_datetime const& as_offset_datetime(const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->offset_datetime_;}
+    local_datetime  const& as_local_datetime (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->local_datetime_;}
+    local_date      const& as_local_date     (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->local_date_;}
+    local_time      const& as_local_time     (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->local_time_;}
+    array_type      const& as_array          (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->array_.value();}
+    table_type      const& as_table          (const std::nothrow_t&) const& noexcept {return this->table_.value();}
 
-    boolean        && as_boolean()         && noexcept {return std::move(this->boolean_);}
-    integer        && as_integer()         && noexcept {return std::move(this->integer_);}
-    floating       && as_floating()        && noexcept {return std::move(this->floating_);}
-    string         && as_string()          && noexcept {return std::move(this->string_);}
-    offset_datetime&& as_offset_datetime() && noexcept {return std::move(this->offset_datetime_);}
-    local_datetime && as_local_datetime()  && noexcept {return std::move(this->local_datetime_);}
-    local_date     && as_local_date()      && noexcept {return std::move(this->local_date_);}
-    local_time     && as_local_time()      && noexcept {return std::move(this->local_time_);}
-    array_type     && as_array()           && noexcept {return std::move(this->array_.value());}
-    table_type     && as_table()           && noexcept {return std::move(this->table_.value());}
+    boolean        & as_boolean        (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->boolean_;}
+    integer        & as_integer        (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->integer_;}
+    floating       & as_floating       (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->floating_;}
+    string         & as_string         (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->string_;}
+    offset_datetime& as_offset_datetime(const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->offset_datetime_;}
+    local_datetime & as_local_datetime (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->local_datetime_;}
+    local_date     & as_local_date     (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->local_date_;}
+    local_time     & as_local_time     (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->local_time_;}
+    array_type     & as_array          (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->array_.value();}
+    table_type     & as_table          (const std::nothrow_t&) & noexcept {return this->table_.value();}
+
+    boolean        && as_boolean        (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->boolean_);}
+    integer        && as_integer        (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->integer_);}
+    floating       && as_floating       (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->floating_);}
+    string         && as_string         (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->string_);}
+    offset_datetime&& as_offset_datetime(const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->offset_datetime_);}
+    local_datetime && as_local_datetime (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->local_datetime_);}
+    local_date     && as_local_date     (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->local_date_);}
+    local_time     && as_local_time     (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->local_time_);}
+    array_type     && as_array          (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->array_.value());}
+    table_type     && as_table          (const std::nothrow_t&) && noexcept {return std::move(this->table_.value());}
+
+    // ========================================================================
+    // throw version
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // const reference
+
+    boolean const& as_boolean() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::boolean)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::boolean>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->boolean_;
+    }
+    integer const& as_integer() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::integer)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::integer>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->integer_;
+    }
+    floating const& as_floating() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::floating)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::floating>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->floating_;
+    }
+    string const& as_string() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::string)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::string>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->string_;
+    }
+    offset_datetime const& as_offset_datetime() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::offset_datetime)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::offset_datetime>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->offset_datetime_;
+    }
+    local_datetime const& as_local_datetime() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_datetime)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_datetime>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->local_datetime_;
+    }
+    local_date const& as_local_date() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_date)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_date>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->local_date_;
+    }
+    local_time const& as_local_time() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_time)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_time>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->local_time_;
+    }
+    array_type const& as_array() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::array)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::array>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->array_.value();
+    }
+    table_type const& as_table() const&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::table)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::table>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->table_.value();
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // nonconst reference
+
+    boolean & as_boolean() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::boolean)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::boolean>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->boolean_;
+    }
+    integer & as_integer() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::integer)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::integer>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->integer_;
+    }
+    floating & as_floating() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::floating)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::floating>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->floating_;
+    }
+    string & as_string() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::string)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::string>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->string_;
+    }
+    offset_datetime & as_offset_datetime() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::offset_datetime)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::offset_datetime>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->offset_datetime_;
+    }
+    local_datetime & as_local_datetime() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_datetime)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_datetime>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->local_datetime_;
+    }
+    local_date & as_local_date() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_date)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_date>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->local_date_;
+    }
+    local_time & as_local_time() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_time)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_time>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->local_time_;
+    }
+    array_type & as_array() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::array)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::array>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->array_.value();
+    }
+    table_type & as_table() &
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::table)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::table>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return this->table_.value();
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // rvalue reference
+
+    boolean && as_boolean() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::boolean)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::boolean>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->boolean_);
+    }
+    integer && as_integer() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::integer)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::integer>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->integer_);
+    }
+    floating && as_floating() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::floating)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::floating>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->floating_);
+    }
+    string && as_string() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::string)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::string>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->string_);
+    }
+    offset_datetime && as_offset_datetime() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::offset_datetime)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::offset_datetime>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->offset_datetime_);
+    }
+    local_datetime && as_local_datetime() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_datetime)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_datetime>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->local_datetime_);
+    }
+    local_date && as_local_date() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_date)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_date>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->local_date_);
+    }
+    local_time && as_local_time() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::local_time)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::local_time>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->local_time_);
+    }
+    array_type && as_array() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::array)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::array>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->array_.value());
+    }
+    table_type && as_table() &&
+    {
+        if(this->type_ != value_t::table)
+        {
+            detail::throw_bad_cast<value_t::table>(this->type_, *this);
+        }
+        return std::move(this->table_.value());
+    }
 
     source_location location() const
     {