doc: update link to the TOML spec

as a workaround for older version of gcc

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
           command: |
               g++ --version
               cd tests/
-              g++ -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -DTOML11_COLORIZE_ERROR_MESSAGE -I../ check_toml_test.cpp -o check_toml_test
+              g++ -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -DTOML11_DISALLOW_HETEROGENEOUS_ARRAYS -I../ check_toml_test.cpp -o check_toml_test
               go get github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test
               $GOPATH/bin/toml-test ./check_toml_test
   test_serialization:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
           command: |
               g++ --version
               cd tests/
-              g++ -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror -DTOML11_COLORIZE_ERROR_MESSAGE -I../ check_serialization.cpp -o check_serialization
+              g++ -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror -DTOML11_DISALLOW_HETEROGENEOUS_ARRAYS -I../ check_serialization.cpp -o check_serialization
               git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test.git
               cp check_serialization toml-test/tests/valid
               cd toml-test/tests/valid
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
           command: |
               g++ --version
               cd tests/
-              g++ -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror -DTOML11_COLORIZE_ERROR_MESSAGE -I../ check.cpp -o check
+              g++ -std=c++11 -O2 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror -DTOML11_DISALLOW_HETEROGENEOUS_ARRAYS -I../ check.cpp -o check
               git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test.git
               cp check toml-test/tests/invalid
               cp check toml-test/tests/valid

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+name: build
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  build-linux-gcc:
+    runs-on: Ubuntu-18.04
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # g++-4.8 and 4.9 are tested on Travis.CI.
+        compiler: ['g++-9', 'g++-8', 'g++-7', 'g++-6', 'g++-5']
+        standard: ['11', '14', '17', '20']
+        exclude:
+            - {compiler: 'g++-5', standard: '17'}
+            - {compiler: 'g++-6', standard: '17'}
+            - {compiler: 'g++-5', standard: '20'}
+            - {compiler: 'g++-6', standard: '20'}
+            - {compiler: 'g++-7', standard: '20'}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+            sudo apt-add-repository ppa:mhier/libboost-latest
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install boost1.70
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.compiler }}" == "g++-6" || "${{ matrix.compiler }}" == "g++-5" ]] ; then
+                sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+                sudo apt-get update
+                sudo apt-get install ${{ matrix.compiler }}
+            fi
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+            mkdir build && cd build
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.compiler }}" == "g++-8" && ( "${{ matrix.standard }}" == "17" || "${{ matrix.standard }}" == "20" ) ]] ; then
+                cmake .. -Dtoml11_BUILD_TEST=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${{ matrix.compiler }} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${{ matrix.standard }} -DTOML11_REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY=ON
+            else
+                cmake .. -Dtoml11_BUILD_TEST=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${{ matrix.compiler }} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${{ matrix.standard }}
+            fi
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+            cd build && cmake --build .
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+            cd build && ctest --output-on-failure
+  build-linux-clang:
+    runs-on: Ubuntu-18.04
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        compiler: ['10', '9', '8', '7', '6.0', '5.0', '4.0', '3.9']
+        standard: ['11', '14', '17', '20']
+        exclude:
+            - {compiler: '3.9', standard: '17'}
+            - {compiler: '4.0', standard: '17'}
+            - {compiler: '5.0', standard: '17'}
+            - {compiler: '3.9', standard: '20'}
+            - {compiler: '4.0', standard: '20'}
+            - {compiler: '5.0', standard: '20'}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+            sudo apt-add-repository ppa:mhier/libboost-latest
+            sudo apt-get update
+            sudo apt-get install boost1.70
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.compiler }}" != "6" && "${{ matrix.compiler }}" != "8" && "${{ matrix.compiler }}" != "9" ]] ; then
+                sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+                sudo apt-get update
+                sudo apt-get install clang-${{ matrix.compiler }}
+            fi
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+            mkdir build && cd build
+            cmake .. -Dtoml11_BUILD_TEST=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++-${{ matrix.compiler }} -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${{ matrix.standard }}
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+            cd build && cmake --build .
+      - name: Test
+        run: |
+            cd build && ctest --output-on-failure
+  build-windows-msvc:
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        standard: ['11', '14', '17', '20']
+        config: ['Release', 'Debug']
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+      - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
+      - name: Configure
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+            file --mime-encoding tests/test_literals.cpp
+            mkdir build
+            cd build
+            cmake ../ -G "NMake Makefiles" -Dtoml11_BUILD_TEST=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${{ matrix.standard }} -DBoost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS=1.72.0 -DBoost_USE_MULTITHREADED=ON -DBoost_ARCHITECTURE=-x64 -DBoost_NO_BOOST_CMAKE=ON -DBOOST_ROOT=%BOOST_ROOT_1_72_0%
+      - name: Build
+        working-directory: ./build
+        run: |
+            cmake --build . --config "${{ matrix.config }}"
+      - name: Test
+        working-directory: ./build
+        run: |
+            ./tests/test_literals --log_level=all
+            file --mime-encoding tests/toml/tests/example.toml
+            file --mime-encoding tests/toml/tests/fruit.toml
+            file --mime-encoding tests/toml/tests/hard_example.toml
+            file --mime-encoding tests/toml/tests/hard_example_unicode.toml
+            ctest --build-config "${{ matrix.config }}" --output-on-failure

.travis.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,31 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: gcc
-    env: COMPILER="g++-5" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="g++-4.8" CXX_STANDARD=11
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources:
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test'
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:mhier/libboost-latest'
+        packages:
+        - g++-4.8
+        - boost1.70
+  - os: linux
+    language: cpp
+    compiler: gcc
+    env: COMPILER="g++-4.9" CXX_STANDARD=11
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources:
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test'
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:mhier/libboost-latest'
+        packages:
+        - g++-4.9
+        - boost1.70
+  - os: linux
+    language: cpp
+    compiler: gcc
+    env: COMPILER="g++-5" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -17,7 +41,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: gcc
-    env: COMPILER="g++-6" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="g++-6" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -29,7 +53,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: gcc
-    env: COMPILER="g++-7" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="g++-7" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -41,7 +65,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: gcc
-    env: COMPILER="g++-8" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="g++-8" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -65,7 +89,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: gcc
-    env: COMPILER="g++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="g++-8" CXX_STANDARD=14
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -77,7 +101,19 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: gcc
-    env: COMPILER="g++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 TOML_HEAD=ON
+    env: COMPILER="g++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY=ON
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources:
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test'
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:mhier/libboost-latest'
+        packages:
+        - g++-8
+        - boost1.70
+  - os: linux
+    language: cpp
+    compiler: gcc
+    env: COMPILER="g++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 TOML_HEAD=ON REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY=ON
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -89,7 +125,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-3.9" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-3.9" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -103,7 +139,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-4.0" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-4.0" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -117,7 +153,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-5.0" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-5.0" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -131,7 +167,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-6.0" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-6.0" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -145,7 +181,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-7" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-7" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -159,7 +195,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=11 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=11
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -187,7 +223,7 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 TOML_HEAD=OFF
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=14
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -201,7 +237,49 @@ matrix:
   - os: linux
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 TOML_HEAD=ON
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY=ON
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources:
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test'
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:mhier/libboost-latest'
+        - llvm-toolchain-trusty-8
+        packages:
+        - clang-8
+        - g++-8
+        - boost1.70
+  - os: linux
+    language: cpp
+    compiler: clang
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=17 TOML_HEAD=ON REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY=ON
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources:
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test'
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:mhier/libboost-latest'
+        - llvm-toolchain-trusty-8
+        packages:
+        - clang-8
+        - g++-8
+        - boost1.70
+  - os: linux
+    language: cpp
+    compiler: clang
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=11 WITH_ASAN=ON
+    addons:
+      apt:
+        sources:
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test'
+        - sourceline: 'ppa:mhier/libboost-latest'
+        - llvm-toolchain-trusty-8
+        packages:
+        - clang-8
+        - g++-8
+        - boost1.70
+  - os: linux
+    language: cpp
+    compiler: clang
+    env: COMPILER="clang++-8" CXX_STANDARD=11 WITH_UBSAN=ON
     addons:
       apt:
         sources:
@@ -215,16 +293,6 @@ matrix:
   - os: osx
     language: cpp
     compiler: clang
-    env: CXX_STANDARD=11
-    cache:
-      directories:
-        - $HOME/Library/Caches/Homebrew
-    addons:
-      homebrew:
-        update: true
-        packages:
-        - cmake
-        - boost
 
 script:
 - |
@@ -234,17 +302,36 @@ script:
     tar xf cmake-3.14.5-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C cmake --strip-components=1
     export PATH=${TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR}/cmake/bin:${PATH}
   fi
+- |
+  if [[ "${CXX_STANDARD}" == "" ]]; then
+      export CXX_STANDARD="11"
+  fi
+- |
+  if [[ "${TOML_HEAD}" != "ON" ]]; then
+    export TOML_HEAD="OFF"
+  fi
+- echo "TOML_HEAD = ${TOML_HEAD}"
+- |
+  if [[ "${WITH_ASAN}" != "ON" ]]; then
+    export WITH_ASAN="OFF"
+  fi
+- echo "WITH_ASAN = ${WITH_ASAN}"
+- |
+  if [[ "${WITH_UBSAN}" != "ON" ]]; then
+    export WITH_UBSAN="OFF"
+  fi
+- echo "WITH_UBSAN = ${WITH_UBSAN}"
+- echo "REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY = ${REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}"
+- |
+  if [[ "${REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}" != "ON" ]]; then
+    export REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY="OFF"
+  fi
+- echo "REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY = ${REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY}"
 - cmake --version
 - mkdir build
 - cd build
-- git clone https://github.com/toml-lang/toml.git
+- echo "COMPILER     = ${COMPILER}"
-- cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$COMPILER -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=$CXX_STANDARD -DTOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES=${TOML_HEAD} ..
+- echo "CXX_STANDARD = ${CXX_STANDARD}"
+- cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=$COMPILER -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=$CXX_STANDARD -DTOML11_REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY=${REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY} -Dtoml11_BUILD_TEST=ON -DTOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES=${TOML_HEAD} -Dtoml11_TEST_WITH_ASAN=${WITH_ASAN} -Dtoml11_TEST_WITH_UBSAN=${WITH_UBSAN} ..
 - make
 - ctest --output-on-failure
-
-# https://stackoverflow.com/a/53331571
-before_cache:
-- |
-  if [[ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "osx" ]]; then
-    brew cleanup
-  fi

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,24 +1,17 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
 enable_testing()
 
-project(toml11)
+project(toml11 VERSION 3.5.0)
 
-set(toml11_VERSION_MAYOR  3)
+option(toml11_BUILD_TEST "Build toml tests" OFF)
-set(toml11_VERSION_MINOR  2)
+option(toml11_TEST_WITH_ASAN  "use LLVM address sanitizer" OFF)
-set(toml11_VERSION_PATCH  0)
+option(toml11_TEST_WITH_UBSAN "use LLVM undefined behavior sanitizer" OFF)
-set(toml11_VERSION
-  "${toml11_VERSION_MAYOR}.${toml11_VERSION_MINOR}.${toml11_VERSION_PATCH}"
-)
-
-option(toml11_BUILD_TEST "Build toml tests" ON)
 
 include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
 if("${CMAKE_VERSION}" VERSION_GREATER 3.1)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11 CACHE STRING "The C++ standard whose features are requested to build all targets.")
-    if(NOT DEFINED CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON CACHE BOOL "Boolean describing whether the value of CXX_STANDARD is a requirement.")
-        set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF CACHE BOOL "Boolean specifying whether compiler specific extensions are requested.")
-    endif()
-    set(CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 else()
     # Manually check for C++11 compiler flag.
     CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++11" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX11)
@@ -44,6 +37,11 @@ else()
     endif()
 endif()
 
+if(MSVC)
+    add_definitions("/Zc:__cplusplus") # define __cplusplus value correctly
+    add_definitions("/utf-8")          # enable to use u8"" literal
+endif()
+
 # Set some common directories
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 set(toml11_install_cmake_dir         ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/toml11)

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 toml11
 ======
 
+[![Build Status on GitHub Actions](https://github.com/ToruNiina/toml11/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ToruNiina/toml11/actions)
 [![Build Status on TravisCI](https://travis-ci.org/ToruNiina/toml11.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ToruNiina/toml11)
 [![Build status on Appveyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/m2n08a926asvg5mg/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ToruNiina/toml11/branch/master)
 [![Build status on CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/ToruNiina/toml11/tree/master.svg?style=svg)](https://circleci.com/gh/ToruNiina/toml11/tree/master)
@@ -8,16 +9,16 @@ toml11
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/ToruNiina/toml11.svg?style=flat)](LICENSE)
 [![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.1209136.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1209136)
 
-toml11 is a C++11 header-only toml parser/encoder depending only on C++ standard library.
+toml11 is a C++11 (or later) header-only toml parser/encoder depending only on C++ standard library.
 
-compatible to the latest version of
+- It is compatible to the latest version of [TOML v1.0.0-rc.2](https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0-rc.2).
-[TOML v0.5.0](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml/blob/master/versions/en/toml-v0.5.0.md)
+- It is one of the most TOML standard compliant libraries, tested with [the language agnostic test suite for TOML parsers by BurntSushi](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test).
-after version 2.0.0.
+- It shows highly informative error messages. You can see the error messages about invalid files at [CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/ToruNiina/toml11).
-
+- It has configurable container. You can use any random-access containers and key-value maps as backend containers.
-It passes [the language agnostic test suite for TOML parsers by BurntSushi](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test).
+- It optionally preserves comments without any overhead.
-Not only the test suite itself, a TOML reader/encoder also runs on [CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/ToruNiina/toml11).
+- It has configurable serializer that supports comments, inline tables, literal strings and multiline strings.
-You can see the error messages about invalid files and serialization results of valid files at
+- It supports user-defined type conversion from/into toml values.
-[CircleCI](https://circleci.com/gh/ToruNiina/toml11).
+- It correctly handles UTF-8 sequences, with or without BOM, both on posix and Windows.
 
 ## Example
 
@@ -27,15 +28,25 @@ You can see the error messages about invalid files and serialization results of
 
 int main()
 {
-    const auto data = toml::parse("example.toml");
+    auto data = toml::parse("example.toml");
 
-    // title = "an example toml file"
+    // find a value with the specified type from a table
     std::string title = toml::find<std::string>(data, "title");
-    std::cout << "the title is " << title << std::endl;
 
-    // nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+    // convert the whole array into any container automatically
-    std::vector<int> nums  = toml::find<std::vector<int>>(data, "nums");
+    std::vector<int> nums = toml::find<std::vector<int>>(data, "nums");
-    std::cout << "the length of `nums` is" << nums.size() << std::endl;
+
+    // access with STL-like manner
+    if(not data.at("a").contains("b"))
+    {
+        data["a"]["b"] = "c";
+    }
+
+    // pass a fallback
+    std::string name = toml::find_or<std::string>(data, "name", "not found");
+
+    // width-dependent formatting
+    std::cout << std::setw(80) << data << std::endl;
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -84,7 +95,7 @@ int main()
 Just include the file after adding it to the include path.
 
 ```cpp
-#include <toml11/toml.hpp> // that's all! now you can use it.
+#include <toml.hpp> // that's all! now you can use it.
 #include <iostream>
 
 int main()
@@ -99,6 +110,8 @@ int main()
 The convenient way is to add this repository as a git-submodule or to install
 it in your system by CMake.
 
+Note for MSVC: We recommend to set `/Zc:__cplusplus` to detect C++ version correctly.
+
 ## Decoding a toml file
 
 To parse a toml file, the only thing you have to do is
@@ -109,6 +122,9 @@ const std::string fname("sample.toml");
 const toml::value data = toml::parse(fname);
 ```
 
+As required by the TOML specification, the top-level value is always a table.
+You can find a value inside it, cast it into a table explicitly, and insert it as a value into other `toml::value`.
+
 If it encounters an error while opening a file, it will throw `std::runtime_error`.
 
 You can also pass a `std::istream` to the  `toml::parse` function.
@@ -166,7 +182,7 @@ what(): [error] bad time: should be HH:MM:SS.subsec
  --> ./datetime-malformed-no-secs.toml
  1 | no-secs = 1987-07-05T17:45Z
    |                     ^------- HH:MM:SS.subsec
-   | 
+   |
 Hint: pass: 1979-05-27T07:32:00, 1979-05-27 07:32:00.999999
 Hint: fail: 1979-05-27T7:32:00, 1979-05-27 17:32
 ```
@@ -256,11 +272,11 @@ shape = "round"
 ``` cpp
 const auto  data  = toml::parse("fruit.toml");
 const auto& fruit = toml::find(data, "fruit");
-const auto  name  = toml::find<std::string>(fruit, "apple");
+const auto  name  = toml::find<std::string>(fruit, "name");
 
 const auto& physical = toml::find(fruit, "physical");
-const auto  color    = toml::find<std::string>(fruit, "color");
+const auto  color    = toml::find<std::string>(physical, "color");
-const auto  shape    = toml::find<std::string>(fruit, "shape");
+const auto  shape    = toml::find<std::string>(physical, "shape");
 ```
 
 Here, variable `fruit` is a `toml::value` and can be used as the first argument
@@ -274,10 +290,44 @@ const auto color = toml::find<std::string>(data, "fruit", "physical", "color");
 const auto shape = toml::find<std::string>(data, "fruit", "physical", "shape");
 ```
 
+### Finding a value in an array
+
+You can find n-th value in an array by `toml::find`.
+
+```toml
+values = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+```
+
+``` cpp
+const auto data   = toml::parse("sample.toml");
+const auto values = toml::find(data, "values");
+const auto bar    = toml::find<std::string>(values, 1);
+```
+
+`toml::find` can also search array recursively.
+
+```cpp
+const auto data = toml::parse("fruit.toml");
+const auto bar  = toml::find<std::string>(data, "values", 1);
+```
+
+Before calling `toml::find`, you can check if a value corresponding to a key
+exists. You can use both `bool toml::value::contains(const key&) const` and
+`std::size_t toml::value::count(const key&) const`. Those behaves like the
+`std::map::contains` and `std::map::count`.
+
+```cpp
+const auto data = toml::parse("fruit.toml");
+if(data.contains("fruit") && data.at("fruit").count("physical") != 0)
+{
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
 ### In case of error
 
-If the value does not exist, `toml::find` throws an error with the location of
+If the value does not exist, `toml::find` throws `std::out_of_range` with the
-the table.
+location of the table.
 
 ```console
 terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::out_of_range'
@@ -287,11 +337,6 @@ terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::out_of_range'
    | ~~~~~ in this table
 ```
 
-**Note**: It is recommended to find a table as `toml::value` because it has much information
-compared to `toml::table`, which is an alias of
-`std::unordered_map<std::string, toml::value>`. Since `toml::table` does not have
-any information about toml file, such as where the table was defined in the file.
-
 ----
 
 If the specified type differs from the actual value contained, it throws
@@ -423,6 +468,24 @@ if(answer.is_integer() && answer.as_integer(std::nothrow) == 42)
 
 If `std::nothrow` is passed, the functions are marked as noexcept.
 
+By casting a `toml::value` into an array or a table, you can iterate over the
+elements.
+
+```cpp
+const auto data = toml::parse("example.toml");
+std::cout << "keys in the top-level table are the following: \n";
+for(const auto& [k, v] : data.as_table())
+{
+    std::cout << k << '\n';
+}
+
+const auto& fruits = toml::find(data, "fruits");
+for(const auto& v : fruits.as_array())
+{
+    std::cout << toml::find<std::string>(v, "name") << '\n';
+}
+```
+
 The full list of the functions is below.
 
 ```cpp
@@ -869,14 +932,25 @@ toml::value v(toml::local_time(std::chrono::hours(10)));
 ```
 
 You can construct an array object not only from `initializer_list`, but also
-from STL containers.
+from STL containers. In that case, the element type must be convertible to
+`toml::value`.
 
 ```cpp
 std::vector<int> vec{1,2,3,4,5};
-toml::value v = vec;
+toml::value v(vec);
 ```
 
-All the elements of `initializer_list` should be convertible into `toml::value`.
+When you construct an array value, all the elements of `initializer_list`
+must be convertible into `toml::value`.
+
+If a `toml::value` has an array, you can `push_back` an element in it.
+
+```cpp
+toml::value v{1,2,3,4,5};
+v.push_back(6);
+```
+
+`emplace_back` also works.
 
 ## Preserving comments
 
@@ -1093,7 +1167,7 @@ const auto data = toml::parse("example.toml");
 const foo f = toml::find<ext::foo>(data, "foo");
 ```
 
-There are 2 ways to use `toml::get` with the types that you defined.
+There are 3 ways to use `toml::get` with the types that you defined.
 
 The first one is to implement `from_toml(const toml::value&)` member function.
 
@@ -1120,7 +1194,31 @@ struct foo
 In this way, because `toml::get` first constructs `foo` without arguments,
 the type should be default-constructible.
 
-The second is to implement specialization of `toml::from` for your type.
+The second is to implement `constructor(const toml::value&)`.
+
+```cpp
+namespace ext
+{
+struct foo
+{
+    explicit foo(const toml::value& v)
+        : a(toml::find<int>(v, "a")), b(toml::find<double>(v, "b")),
+          c(toml::find<std::string>(v, "c"))
+    {}
+
+    int         a;
+    double      b;
+    std::string c;
+};
+} // ext
+```
+
+Note that implicit default constructor declaration will be suppressed
+when a constructor is defined. If you want to use the struct (here, `foo`)
+in a container (e.g. `std::vector<foo>`), you may need to define default
+constructor explicitly.
+
+The third is to implement specialization of `toml::from` for your type.
 
 ```cpp
 namespace ext
@@ -1349,7 +1447,7 @@ const toml::source_location loc = v.location();
 
 ## Exceptions
 
-All the exceptions thrown by toml11 inherits `toml::exception` that inherits
+The following `exception` classes inherits `toml::exception` that inherits
 `std::exception`.
 
 ```cpp
@@ -1376,6 +1474,16 @@ struct exception : public std::exception
 
 It represents where the error occurs.
 
+`syntax_error` will be thrown from `toml::parse` and `_toml` literal.
+`type_error` will be thrown from `toml::get/find`, `toml::value::as_xxx()`, and
+other functions that takes a content inside of `toml::value`.
+
+Note that, currently, from `toml::value::at()` and `toml::find(value, key)`
+may throw an `std::out_of_range` that does not inherits `toml::exception`.
+
+Also, in some cases, most likely in the file open error, it will throw an
+`std::runtime_error`.
+
 ## Colorize Error Messages
 
 By defining `TOML11_COLORIZE_ERROR_MESSAGE`, the error messages from
@@ -1567,13 +1675,8 @@ not capable of representing a Local Time independent from a specific day.
 
 ## Unreleased TOML features
 
-There are some unreleased features in toml-lang/toml:master.
+Since TOML v1.0.0-rc.1 has been released, those features are now activated by
-Currently, the following features are available after defining
+default. We no longer need to define `TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_FEATURES`.
-`TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES` macro flag.
-
-To use those features, `#define` `TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES` before
-including `toml.hpp` or pass `-DTOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES` to your
-compiler.
 
 - Leading zeroes in exponent parts of floats are permitted.
   - e.g. `1.0e+01`, `5e+05`
@@ -1583,10 +1686,10 @@ compiler.
 - Allow heterogeneous arrays
   - [toml-lang/toml/PR/676](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml/pull/676)
 
-### Note about heterogeneous arrays
+## Note about heterogeneous arrays
 
 Although `toml::parse` allows heterogeneous arrays, constructor of `toml::value`
-does not.
+does not. Here the reason is explained.
 
 ```cpp
 // this won't be compiled
@@ -1595,8 +1698,10 @@ toml::value v{
 }
 ```
 
-There is a workaround for this issue. By explicitly converting values into
+There is a workaround for this. By explicitly converting values into
 `toml::value`, you can initialize `toml::value` with a heterogeneous array.
+Also, you can first initialize a `toml::value` with an array and then
+`push_back` into it.
 
 ```cpp
 // OK!
@@ -1604,6 +1709,17 @@ toml::value v{
     toml::value("foo"), toml::value(3.14), toml::value(42),
     toml::value{1,2,3,4,5}, toml::value{{"key", "value"}}
 }
+
+// OK!
+toml::value v(toml::array{});
+v.push_back("foo");
+v.push_back(3.14);
+
+// OK!
+toml::array a;
+a.push_back("foo");
+a.push_back(3.14);
+toml::value v(std::move(a));
 ```
 
 The reason why the first example is not allowed is the following.
@@ -1632,15 +1748,14 @@ This means that the above C++ code makes constructor's overload resolution
 ambiguous. So a constructor that allows both "table as an initializer-list" and
 "heterogeneous array as an initializer-list" cannot be implemented.
 
-Thus, although it is painful, you need to explicitly cast values into
+Thus, although it is painful, we need to explicitly cast values into
-`toml::value` when you initialize heterogeneous array in C++ code.
+`toml::value` when you initialize heterogeneous array in a C++ code.
 
 ```cpp
-// You need to do this when you want to initialize hetero array.
 toml::value v{
     toml::value("foo"), toml::value(3.14), toml::value(42),
     toml::value{1,2,3,4,5}, toml::value{{"key", "value"}}
-}
+};
 ```
 
 ## Breaking Changes from v2
@@ -1679,14 +1794,13 @@ Such a big change will not happen in the coming years.
 
 ## Running Tests
 
-To run test codes, you need to clone toml-lang/toml repository under `build/` directory
+After cloning this repository, run the following command (thank you @jwillikers
-because some of the test codes read a file in the repository.
+for automating test set fetching!).
 
 ```sh
 $ mkdir build
 $ cd build
-$ git clone https://github.com/toml-lang/toml.git
+$ cmake .. -Dtoml11_BUILD_TEST=ON
-$ cmake ..
 $ make
 $ make test
 ```
@@ -1719,11 +1833,27 @@ I appreciate the help of the contributors who introduced the great feature to th
   - Suppress warnings in Debug mode
 - OGAWA Kenichi (@kenichiice)
   - Suppress warnings on intel compiler
+- Jordan Williams (@jwillikers)
+  - Fixed clang range-loop-analysis warnings
+  - Fixed feature test macro to suppress -Wundef
+  - Use cache variables in CMakeLists.txt
+  - Automate test set fetching, update and refactor CMakeLists.txt
+- Scott McCaskill
+  - Parse 9 digits (nanoseconds) of fractional seconds in a `local_time`
+- Shu Wang (@halfelf)
+  - fix "Finding a value in an array" example in README
+- @maass-tv and @SeverinLeonhardt
+  - Fix MSVC warning C4866
+- OGAWA KenIchi (@kenichiice)
+  - Fix include path in README
+- Mohammed Alyousef (@MoAlyousef)
+  - Made testing optional in CMake
+
 
 ## Licensing terms
 
 This product is licensed under the terms of the [MIT License](LICENSE).
 
-- Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Toru Niina
+- Copyright (c) 2017-2020 Toru Niina
 
 All rights reserved.

appveyor.yml

@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ build_script:
   - cd C:\toml11
   - mkdir build
   - cd build
-  - git clone https://github.com/toml-lang/toml.git
+  - cmake -G"%generator%" -DBOOST_ROOT=C:/Libraries/boost_1_69_0 -Dtoml11_BUILD_TEST=ON ..
-  - file --mime-encoding toml/tests/hard_example_unicode.toml
-  - cmake -G"%generator%" -DBOOST_ROOT=C:/Libraries/boost_1_69_0 ..
   - cmake --build . --config "%configuration%"
+  - file --mime-encoding tests/toml/tests/hard_example_unicode.toml
 
 test_script:
   - ctest --build-config "%configuration%" --timeout 300 --output-on-failure

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+include(ExternalProject)
+ExternalProject_Add(toml
+        SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/toml
+        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/toml-lang/toml
+        GIT_TAG v0.5.0
+        CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+        BUILD_COMMAND ""
+        INSTALL_COMMAND "")
+
 set(TEST_NAMES
     test_datetime
     test_string
@@ -39,6 +48,17 @@ set(TEST_NAMES
 CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wall"      COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WALL)
 CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wextra"    COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WEXTRA)
 CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wpedantic" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WPEDANTIC)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Werror"    COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WERROR)
+
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wsign-conversion"     COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WSIGN_CONVERSION)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wconversion"          COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WCONVERSION)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wduplicated-cond"     COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WDUPLICATED_COND)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wduplicated-branches" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WDUPLICATED_BRANCHES)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wlogical-op"          COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WLOGICAL_OP)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wuseless-cast"        COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WUSELESS_CAST)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wdouble-promotion"    COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WDOUBLE_PROMOTION)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wrange-loop-analysis" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WRANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS)
+CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-Wundef"               COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WUNDEF)
 
 if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WALL)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall")
@@ -49,6 +69,36 @@ endif()
 if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WPEDANTIC)
     set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wpedantic")
 endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WERROR)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Werror")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WSIGN_CONVERSION)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wsign-conversion")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WCONVERSION)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wconversion")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WDUPLICATED_COND)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wduplicated-cond")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WDUPLICATED_BRANCHES)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wduplicated-branches")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WLOGICAL_OP)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wlogical-op")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WUSELESS_CAST)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wuseless-cast")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WDOUBLE_PROMOTION)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wdouble-promotion")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WRANGE_LOOP_ANALYSIS)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wrange-loop-analysis")
+endif()
+if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_WUNDEF)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wundef")
+endif()
 
 option(TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES
     "use features in toml-lang/toml master while testing" OFF)
@@ -100,11 +150,61 @@ find_package(Boost COMPONENTS unit_test_framework REQUIRED)
 add_definitions(-DBOOST_TEST_DYN_LINK)
 add_definitions(-DUNITTEST_FRAMEWORK_LIBRARY_EXIST)
 
+# check which standard library implementation is used. If libstdc++ is used,
+# it will fail to compile. It compiles if libc++ is used.
+include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("
+#include <cstddef>
+#ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+    static_assert(false);
+#endif
+int main() {
+    return 0;
+}" TOML11_WITH_LIBCXX_LIBRARY)
+
+# LLVM 8 requires -lc++fs if compiled with libc++ to use <filesystem>.
+# LLVM 9+ does not require any special library.
+# GCC 8 requires -lstdc++fs. GCC 9+ does not require it.
+#
+# Yes, we can check the version of the compiler used in the current build
+# directly in CMake. But, in most cases, clang build uses libstdc++ as the
+# standard library implementation and it makes the condition complicated.
+# In many environment, the default installed C++ compiler is GCC and libstdc++
+# is installed along with it. In most build on such an environment, even if we
+# chose clang as the C++ compiler, still libstdc++ is used. Checking default
+# gcc version makes the condition complicated.
+# The purpose of this file is to compile tests. We know the environment on which
+# the tests run. We can set this option and, I think, it is easier and better.
+option(TOML11_REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY "need to link -lstdc++fs or -lc++fs" OFF)
+
 foreach(TEST_NAME ${TEST_NAMES})
     add_executable(${TEST_NAME} ${TEST_NAME}.cpp)
     target_link_libraries(${TEST_NAME} ${Boost_UNIT_TEST_FRAMEWORK_LIBRARY} toml11::toml11)
+
+    # to compile tests with <filesystem>...
+    if(TOML11_REQUIRE_FILESYSTEM_LIBRARY)
+        if(TOML11_WITH_LIBCXX_LIBRARY)
+            target_link_libraries(${TEST_NAME} "c++fs")
+        else()
+            target_link_libraries(${TEST_NAME} "stdc++fs")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
     target_include_directories(${TEST_NAME} PRIVATE ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-    add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME} COMMAND ${TEST_NAME} WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR})
+
+    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+        if(toml11_TEST_WITH_ASAN)
+            set_target_properties(${TEST_NAME} PROPERTIES
+                COMPILE_FLAGS "-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer"
+                LINK_FLAGS    "-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
+        elseif(toml11_TEST_WITH_UBSAN)
+            set_target_properties(${TEST_NAME} PROPERTIES
+                COMPILE_FLAGS "-fsanitize=undefined"
+                LINK_FLAGS    "-fsanitize=undefined")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+
+    add_test(NAME ${TEST_NAME} COMMAND ${TEST_NAME} WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
 
     # Set the PATH to be able to find Boost DLL
     if(WIN32)
@@ -115,8 +215,15 @@ foreach(TEST_NAME ${TEST_NAMES})
     endif()
 endforeach(TEST_NAME)
 
+
 # this test is to check it compiles. it will not run
 add_executable(test_multiple_translation_unit
                test_multiple_translation_unit_1.cpp
                test_multiple_translation_unit_2.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(test_multiple_translation_unit toml11::toml11)
+
+if(WIN32)
+    add_executable(test_windows test_windows.cpp)
+    target_link_libraries(test_windows toml11::toml11)
+endif()
+

tests/check_toml_test.cpp

@@ -84,9 +84,7 @@ struct json_serializer
         {
             if(!is_first) {std::cout << ", ";}
             is_first = false;
-            std::cout << toml::format(toml::value(elem.first),
+            std::cout << this->format_key(elem.first) << ':';
-                    std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max());
-            std::cout << ':';
             toml::visit(*this, elem.second);
         }
         std::cout << '}';
@@ -112,6 +110,12 @@ struct json_serializer
         }
         return retval;
     }
+
+    std::string format_key(const std::string& s) const
+    {
+        const auto quote("\"");
+        return quote + escape_string(s) + quote;
+    }
 };
 
 int main()

tests/test_comments.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_before)
 {
     {
-        const std::string file = u8R"(
+        const std::string file = R"(
             # comment for a.
             a = 42
             # comment for b.
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_before)
         const auto& b = toml::find(v, "b");
 
         BOOST_TEST(a.comments().size()  == 1u);
-        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == u8" comment for a.");
+        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == " comment for a.");
         BOOST_TEST(b.comments().size()  == 1u);
-        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == u8" comment for b.");
+        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == " comment for b.");
     }
     {
-        const std::string file = u8R"(
+        const std::string file = R"(
             # comment for a.
             # another comment for a.
             a = 42
@@ -45,18 +45,18 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_before)
         const auto& b = toml::find(v, "b");
 
         BOOST_TEST(a.comments().size()  == 2u);
-        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == u8" comment for a.");
+        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == " comment for a.");
-        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().back()  == u8" another comment for a.");
+        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().back()  == " another comment for a.");
         BOOST_TEST(b.comments().size()  == 2u);
-        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == u8" comment for b.");
+        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == " comment for b.");
-        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().back()  == u8" also comment for b.");
+        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().back()  == " also comment for b.");
     }
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_inline)
 {
     {
-        const std::string file = u8R"(
+        const std::string file = R"(
             a = 42    # comment for a.
             b = "baz" # comment for b.
         )";
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_inline)
         const auto& b = toml::find(v, "b");
 
         BOOST_TEST(a.comments().size()  == 1u);
-        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == u8" comment for a.");
+        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == " comment for a.");
         BOOST_TEST(b.comments().size()  == 1u);
-        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == u8" comment for b.");
+        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == " comment for b.");
     }
     {
-        const std::string file = u8R"(
+        const std::string file = R"(
             a = [
                 42,
             ] # comment for a.
@@ -90,18 +90,18 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_inline)
         const auto& b0 = b.as_array().at(0);
 
         BOOST_TEST(a.comments().size()   == 1u);
-        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front()  == u8" comment for a.");
+        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front()  == " comment for a.");
         BOOST_TEST(b.comments().size()   == 1u);
-        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front()  == u8" this is a comment for b.");
+        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front()  == " this is a comment for b.");
         BOOST_TEST(b0.comments().size()  == 1u);
-        BOOST_TEST(b0.comments().front() == u8" this is not a comment for b, but \"bar\"");
+        BOOST_TEST(b0.comments().front() == " this is not a comment for b, but \"bar\"");
     }
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_both)
 {
     {
-        const std::string file = u8R"(
+        const std::string file = R"(
             # comment for a.
             a = 42 # inline comment for a.
             # comment for b.
@@ -122,25 +122,25 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comment_both)
         const auto& c0 = c.as_array().at(0);
 
         BOOST_TEST(a.comments().size()  == 2u);
-        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == u8" comment for a.");
+        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().front() == " comment for a.");
-        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().back()  == u8" inline comment for a.");
+        BOOST_TEST(a.comments().back()  == " inline comment for a.");
         BOOST_TEST(b.comments().size()  == 2u);
-        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == u8" comment for b.");
+        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().front() == " comment for b.");
-        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().back()  == u8" inline comment for b.");
+        BOOST_TEST(b.comments().back()  == " inline comment for b.");
 
         BOOST_TEST(c.comments().size()  == 2u);
-        BOOST_TEST(c.comments().front() == u8" comment for c.");
+        BOOST_TEST(c.comments().front() == " comment for c.");
-        BOOST_TEST(c.comments().back()  == u8" another comment for c.");
+        BOOST_TEST(c.comments().back()  == " another comment for c.");
 
         BOOST_TEST(c0.comments().size()  == 2u);
-        BOOST_TEST(c0.comments().front() == u8" comment for the first element.");
+        BOOST_TEST(c0.comments().front() == " comment for the first element.");
-        BOOST_TEST(c0.comments().back()  == u8" this also.");
+        BOOST_TEST(c0.comments().back()  == " this also.");
     }
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_discard_comment)
 {
-    const std::string file = u8R"(
+    const std::string file = R"(
         # comment for a.
         a = 42 # inline comment for a.
         # comment for b.

tests/test_error_detection.cpp

@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_detect_conflicting_value)
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_detect_inhomogeneous_array)
 {
-#ifdef TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES
+#ifdef TOML11_DISALLOW_HETEROGENEOUS_ARRAYS
-    BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("heterogeneous array will be allowed in the next release");
-#else
     std::istringstream stream(std::string(
             "a = [1, 1.0]\n"
             ));
     BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::parse(stream), toml::syntax_error);
+#else
+    BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("After v1.0.0-rc.1, heterogeneous arrays are allowed");
 #endif
 }
 

tests/test_extended_conversions.cpp

@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ struct qux
     int a;
     std::string b;
 };
+
+struct foobar
+{
+    // via constructor
+    explicit foobar(const toml::value& v)
+        : a(toml::find<int>(v, "a")), b(toml::find<std::string>(v, "b"))
+    {}
+    int a;
+    std::string b;
+};
 } // extlib
 
 namespace toml
@@ -122,6 +132,17 @@ struct qux
     int a;
     std::string b;
 };
+
+struct foobar
+{
+    template<typename C, template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class A>
+    explicit foobar(const toml::basic_value<C, M, A>& v)
+        : a(toml::find<int>(v, "a")), b(toml::find<std::string>(v, "b"))
+    {}
+    int a;
+    std::string b;
+};
+
 } // extlib2
 
 namespace toml
@@ -284,6 +305,27 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_conversion_one_way)
     }
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_conversion_via_constructor)
+{
+    {
+        const toml::value v{{"a", 42}, {"b", "foobar"}};
+
+        const auto foobar = toml::get<extlib::foobar>(v);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobar.a == 42);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobar.b == "foobar");
+    }
+
+    {
+        const toml::basic_value<toml::discard_comments, std::map> v{
+            {"a", 42}, {"b", "foobar"}
+        };
+
+        const auto foobar = toml::get<extlib2::foobar>(v);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobar.a == 42);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobar.b == "foobar");
+    }
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_recursive_conversion)
 {
     {
@@ -384,5 +426,122 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_recursive_conversion)
         BOOST_TEST(bars.at(2).b == "quux");
         BOOST_TEST(bars.at(3).b == "foobar");
     }
+
+    // via constructor
+    {
+        const toml::value v{
+                toml::table{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}},
+                toml::table{{"a", 43}, {"b", "qux"}},
+                toml::table{{"a", 44}, {"b", "quux"}},
+                toml::table{{"a", 45}, {"b", "foobar"}}
+            };
+
+        {
+            const auto foobars = toml::get<std::vector<extlib::foobar>>(v);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.size()  == 4ul);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(0).a == 42);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(1).a == 43);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(2).a == 44);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(3).a == 45);
+
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(0).b == "baz");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(1).b == "qux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(2).b == "quux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(3).b == "foobar");
+        }
+        {
+            const auto foobars = toml::get<std::vector<extlib2::foobar>>(v);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.size()  == 4ul);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(0).a == 42);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(1).a == 43);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(2).a == 44);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(3).a == 45);
+
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(0).b == "baz");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(1).b == "qux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(2).b == "quux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(3).b == "foobar");
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::basic_value<toml::discard_comments, std::map, std::deque>
+            v{
+                toml::table{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}},
+                toml::table{{"a", 43}, {"b", "qux"}},
+                toml::table{{"a", 44}, {"b", "quux"}},
+                toml::table{{"a", 45}, {"b", "foobar"}}
+            };
+
+        const auto foobars = toml::get<std::vector<extlib2::foobar>>(v);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.size()  == 4ul);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(0).a == 42);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(1).a == 43);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(2).a == 44);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(3).a == 45);
+
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(0).b == "baz");
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(1).b == "qux");
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(2).b == "quux");
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at(3).b == "foobar");
+    }
+
+    // via constructor
+    {
+        const toml::value v{
+                {"0", toml::table{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}}},
+                {"1", toml::table{{"a", 43}, {"b", "qux"}}},
+                {"2", toml::table{{"a", 44}, {"b", "quux"}}},
+                {"3", toml::table{{"a", 45}, {"b", "foobar"}}}
+            };
+
+        {
+            const auto foobars = toml::get<std::map<std::string, extlib::foobar>>(v);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.size()  == 4ul);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("0").a == 42);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("1").a == 43);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("2").a == 44);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("3").a == 45);
+
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("0").b == "baz");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("1").b == "qux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("2").b == "quux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("3").b == "foobar");
+        }
+        {
+            const auto foobars = toml::get<std::map<std::string, extlib2::foobar>>(v);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.size()  == 4ul);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("0").a == 42);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("1").a == 43);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("2").a == 44);
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("3").a == 45);
+
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("0").b == "baz");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("1").b == "qux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("2").b == "quux");
+            BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("3").b == "foobar");
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::basic_value<toml::discard_comments, std::map, std::deque>
+            v{
+                {"0", toml::table{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}}},
+                {"1", toml::table{{"a", 43}, {"b", "qux"}}},
+                {"2", toml::table{{"a", 44}, {"b", "quux"}}},
+                {"3", toml::table{{"a", 45}, {"b", "foobar"}}}
+            };
+
+        const auto foobars = toml::get<std::map<std::string, extlib::foobar>>(v);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.size()  == 4ul);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("0").a == 42);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("1").a == 43);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("2").a == 44);
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("3").a == 45);
+
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("0").b == "baz");
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("1").b == "qux");
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("2").b == "quux");
+        BOOST_TEST(foobars.at("3").b == "foobar");
+    }
+
 }
 

tests/test_find.cpp

@@ -101,6 +101,78 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_find_throws)
     }
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_find_array_throws)
+{
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // const-reference version
+    {
+        // value is not an array
+        const toml::value v(true);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::boolean>(v, 0), toml::type_error);
+    }
+    {
+        // the value corresponding to the key is not the expected type
+        const toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::boolean>(v, 0), toml::type_error);
+    }
+    {
+        // the value corresponding to the key is not found
+        const toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::integer>(v, 6), std::out_of_range);
+    }
+    {
+        // the positive control.
+        const toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_TEST(3 == toml::find<int>(v, 2));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // non-const reference version
+    {
+        // value is not an array
+        toml::value v(true);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::boolean>(v, 0), toml::type_error);
+    }
+    {
+        // the value corresponding to the key is not the expected type
+        toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::boolean>(v, 0), toml::type_error);
+    }
+    {
+        // the value corresponding to the key is not found
+        toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::integer>(v, 6), std::out_of_range);
+    }
+    {
+        // the positive control.
+        toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_TEST(3 == toml::find<int>(v, 2));
+    }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // move version
+    {
+        // value is not an array
+        toml::value v(true);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::boolean>(std::move(v), 0), toml::type_error);
+    }
+    {
+        // the value corresponding to the key is not the expected type
+        toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::boolean>(std::move(v), 0), toml::type_error);
+    }
+    {
+        // the value corresponding to the key is not found
+        toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::find<toml::integer>(std::move(v), 6), std::out_of_range);
+    }
+    {
+        // the positive control.
+        toml::value v{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        BOOST_TEST(3 == toml::find<int>(std::move(v), 2));
+    }
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_find_recursive)
 {
     // recursively search tables
@@ -126,8 +198,76 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_find_recursive)
         num2 = 42;
         BOOST_TEST(42 == toml::find<int>(v, a, b, c, d));
 
-        auto num3 = toml::find<toml::integer>(std::move(v), a, b, c, d);
+        auto num3 = toml::find<toml::integer>(v, a, "b", c, "d");
         BOOST_TEST(42 == num3);
+
+        auto num4 = toml::find<toml::integer>(std::move(v), a, b, c, d);
+        BOOST_TEST(42 == num4);
+    }
+    // recursively search arrays
+    {
+        toml::value v{
+            toml::array{"array", "of", "string"},
+            toml::array{toml::array{1, 2, 3}, toml::array{3.14, 2.71}}
+        };
+        BOOST_TEST("array"  == toml::find<std::string>(v, 0, 0));
+        BOOST_TEST("of"     == toml::find<std::string>(v, 0, 1));
+        BOOST_TEST("string" == toml::find<std::string>(v, 0, 2));
+
+        BOOST_TEST(1 == toml::find<int>(v, 1, 0, 0));
+        BOOST_TEST(2 == toml::find<int>(v, 1, 0, 1));
+        BOOST_TEST(3 == toml::find<int>(v, 1, 0, 2));
+
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, 1, 1, 0));
+        BOOST_TEST(2.71 == toml::find<double>(v, 1, 1, 1));
+
+        // reference that can be used to modify the content
+        auto& num = toml::find<toml::integer>(v, 1, 0, 2);
+        num = 42;
+        BOOST_TEST( 1 == toml::find<int>(v, 1, 0, 0));
+        BOOST_TEST( 2 == toml::find<int>(v, 1, 0, 1));
+        BOOST_TEST(42 == toml::find<int>(v, 1, 0, 2));
+
+        // move value
+        auto num2 = toml::find<toml::integer>(std::move(v), 1, 0, 2);
+        BOOST_TEST(42 == num2);
+    }
+    // recursively search mixtures
+    {
+        toml::value v = toml::table{{"array", toml::array{
+                toml::array{1,   2,   3},
+                toml::array{
+                    toml::table{{"foo", "bar"}, {"baz", "qux"}},
+                    toml::table{{"pi",   3.14}, {"e",    2.71}}
+                }}
+            }};
+
+        BOOST_TEST(1 == toml::find<int>(v, "array", 0, 0));
+        BOOST_TEST(2 == toml::find<int>(v, "array", 0, 1));
+        BOOST_TEST(3 == toml::find<int>(v, "array", 0, 2));
+
+        BOOST_TEST("bar" == toml::find<std::string>(v, "array", 1, 0, "foo"));
+        BOOST_TEST("qux" == toml::find<std::string>(v, "array", 1, 0, "baz"));
+
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, "array", 1, 1, "pi"));
+        BOOST_TEST(2.71 == toml::find<double>(v, "array", 1, 1, "e"));
+
+        const std::string ar("array");
+        const auto ar_c = "array";
+
+        const std::string pi("pi");
+        const auto pi_c = "pi";
+
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, ar, 1, 1, "pi"));
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, ar, 1, 1, pi));
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, ar, 1, 1, pi_c));
+
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, ar_c, 1, 1, "pi"));
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, ar_c, 1, 1, pi));
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, ar_c, 1, 1, pi_c));
+
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, "array", 1, 1, pi));
+        BOOST_TEST(3.14 == toml::find<double>(v, "array", 1, 1, pi_c));
     }
 }
 
@@ -309,10 +449,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(test_find_floating_type, value_type, test_value_ty
 {
     {
         value_type v{{"key", 3.14}};
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float      >(3.14) == toml::find<float      >(v, "key"));
+        const double ref(3.14);
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<double     >(3.14) == toml::find<double     >(v, "key"));
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float      >(ref) == toml::find<float      >(v, "key"));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long double>(3.14) == toml::find<long double>(v, "key"));
+        BOOST_TEST(                         ref  == toml::find<double     >(v, "key"));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float      >(3.14) == toml::find<float      >(std::move(v), "key"));
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long double>(ref) == toml::find<long double>(v, "key"));
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float      >(ref) == toml::find<float      >(std::move(v), "key"));
     }
 }
 
@@ -373,14 +514,14 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(test_find_toml_array, value_type, test_value_types
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<std::int64_t>(72) == deq.at(3));
 
     std::array<int, 4> ary = toml::find<std::array<int, 4>>(v, "key");
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(42) == ary.at(0));
+    BOOST_TEST(42 == ary.at(0));
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(54) == ary.at(1));
+    BOOST_TEST(54 == ary.at(1));
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(69) == ary.at(2));
+    BOOST_TEST(69 == ary.at(2));
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(72) == ary.at(3));
+    BOOST_TEST(72 == ary.at(3));
 
     std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long> tpl =
         toml::find<std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long>>(v, "key");
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int     >(42) == std::get<0>(tpl));
+    BOOST_TEST(                      42  == std::get<0>(tpl));
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<short   >(54) == std::get<1>(tpl));
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<unsigned>(69) == std::get<2>(tpl));
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long    >(72) == std::get<3>(tpl));
@@ -420,14 +561,14 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(test_find_move_toml_array, value_type, test_value_
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<std::int64_t>(72) == deq.at(3));
 
     std::array<int, 4> ary = toml::find<std::array<int, 4>>(std::move(v4), "key");
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(42) == ary.at(0));
+    BOOST_TEST(42 == ary.at(0));
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(54) == ary.at(1));
+    BOOST_TEST(54 == ary.at(1));
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(69) == ary.at(2));
+    BOOST_TEST(69 == ary.at(2));
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(72) == ary.at(3));
+    BOOST_TEST(72 == ary.at(3));
 
     std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long> tpl =
         toml::find<std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long>>(std::move(v5), "key");
-    BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int     >(42) == std::get<0>(tpl));
+    BOOST_TEST(                      42  == std::get<0>(tpl));
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<short   >(54) == std::get<1>(tpl));
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<unsigned>(69) == std::get<2>(tpl));
     BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long    >(72) == std::get<3>(tpl));

tests/test_find_or.cpp

@@ -375,7 +375,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_find_or_floating)
         toml::value v1{{"key", 42}};
         toml::value v2{{"key", 3.14}};
         BOOST_TEST(2.71f == toml::find_or(v1, "key", 2.71f));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float>(double(3.14)) == toml::find_or(v2, "key", 2.71f));
+        const double ref(3.14);
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float>(ref) == toml::find_or(v2, "key", 2.71f));
     }
     {
         toml::value v1{{"key", 42}};
@@ -383,7 +384,8 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_find_or_floating)
         const auto moved1 = toml::find_or(std::move(v1), "key", 2.71f);
         const auto moved2 = toml::find_or(std::move(v2), "key", 2.71f);
         BOOST_TEST(2.71f == moved1);
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float>(double(3.14)) == moved2);
+        const double ref(3.14);
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float>(ref) == moved2);
     }
 }
 

tests/test_get.cpp

@@ -195,11 +195,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(test_get_floating_type, value_type, test_value_typ
 {
     {
         value_type v(3.14);
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float      >(3.14) == toml::get<float      >(v));
+        const double ref(3.14);
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<double     >(3.14) == toml::get<double     >(v));
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float      >(ref) == toml::get<float      >(v));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long double>(3.14) == toml::get<long double>(v));
+        BOOST_TEST(                         ref  == toml::get<double     >(v));
-
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long double>(ref) == toml::get<long double>(v));
-        BOOST_TEST(3.14f == toml::get<float>(std::move(v)));
+        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<float      >(ref) == toml::get<float>(std::move(v)));
     }
 }
 
@@ -262,14 +262,14 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(test_get_toml_array, value_type, test_value_types)
         BOOST_TEST(static_cast<std::int64_t>(72) == deq.at(3));
 
         std::array<int, 4> ary = toml::get<std::array<int, 4>>(v);
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(42) == ary.at(0));
+        BOOST_TEST(42 == ary.at(0));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(54) == ary.at(1));
+        BOOST_TEST(54 == ary.at(1));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(69) == ary.at(2));
+        BOOST_TEST(69 == ary.at(2));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(72) == ary.at(3));
+        BOOST_TEST(72 == ary.at(3));
 
         std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long> tpl =
             toml::get<std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long>>(v);
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int     >(42) == std::get<0>(tpl));
+        BOOST_TEST(                      42  == std::get<0>(tpl));
         BOOST_TEST(static_cast<short   >(54) == std::get<1>(tpl));
         BOOST_TEST(static_cast<unsigned>(69) == std::get<2>(tpl));
         BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long    >(72) == std::get<3>(tpl));
@@ -308,16 +308,16 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(test_get_toml_array, value_type, test_value_types)
     {
         value_type v{42, 54, 69, 72};
         std::array<int, 4> ary = toml::get<std::array<int, 4>>(std::move(v));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(42) == ary.at(0));
+        BOOST_TEST(42 == ary.at(0));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(54) == ary.at(1));
+        BOOST_TEST(54 == ary.at(1));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(69) == ary.at(2));
+        BOOST_TEST(69 == ary.at(2));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int>(72) == ary.at(3));
+        BOOST_TEST(72 == ary.at(3));
     }
     {
         value_type v{42, 54, 69, 72};
         std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long> tpl =
             toml::get<std::tuple<int, short, unsigned, long>>(std::move(v));
-        BOOST_TEST(static_cast<int     >(42) == std::get<0>(tpl));
+        BOOST_TEST(                      42  == std::get<0>(tpl));
         BOOST_TEST(static_cast<short   >(54) == std::get<1>(tpl));
         BOOST_TEST(static_cast<unsigned>(69) == std::get<2>(tpl));
         BOOST_TEST(static_cast<long    >(72) == std::get<3>(tpl));

tests/test_lex_aux.hpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 do {                                                                           \
     const std::string token   (tkn);                                           \
     const std::string expected(expct);                                         \
-    toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);                    \
+    toml::detail::location loc("test", token);                                 \
     const auto result = lxr::invoke(loc);                                      \
     BOOST_TEST(result.is_ok());                                                \
     if(result.is_ok()){                                                        \
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ do {                                                                           \
 #define TOML11_TEST_LEX_REJECT(lxr, tkn)                                       \
 do {                                                                           \
     const std::string token   (tkn);                                           \
-    toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);                    \
+    toml::detail::location loc("test", token);                                 \
     const auto result = lxr::invoke(loc);                                      \
     BOOST_TEST(result.is_err());                                               \
     const bool loc_same = (loc.begin() == loc.iter());                         \

tests/test_lex_key_comment.cpp

@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_quoted_key)
 {
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_key, "\"127.0.0.1\"", "\"127.0.0.1\"");
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_key, "\"character encoding\"", "\"character encoding\"");
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+
+    // UTF-8 codepoint of characters that looks like "key" written upside down
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_key, "\"\xCA\x8E\xC7\x9D\xCA\x9E\"",
                                     "\"\xCA\x8E\xC7\x9D\xCA\x9E\"");
-#else
+
-    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_key, u8"\"ʎǝʞ\"", u8"\"ʎǝʞ\"");
-#endif
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_key, "'key2'", "'key2'");
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_key, "'quoted \"value\"'", "'quoted \"value\"'");
 }

tests/test_lex_string.cpp

@@ -31,15 +31,9 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_basic_string)
             "\"192.168.1.1\"",
             "\"192.168.1.1\"");
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
-            "\"\xE4\xB8\xAD\xE5\x9B\xBD\"",
+            "\"\xE4\xB8\xAD\xE5\x9B\xBD\"",  // UTF-8 string (means "China" in
-            "\"\xE4\xB8\xAD\xE5\x9B\xBD\"");
+            "\"\xE4\xB8\xAD\xE5\x9B\xBD\""); // Chinese characters)
-#else
-    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
-            u8"\"中国\"",
-            u8"\"中国\"");
-#endif
 
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
             "\"You'll hate me after this - #\"",
@@ -57,6 +51,22 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ml_basic_string)
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
         "\"\"\"\\\n  The quick brown \\\n\n  fox jumps over \\\n  the lazy dog.\\\n  \"\"\"",
         "\"\"\"\\\n  The quick brown \\\n\n  fox jumps over \\\n  the lazy dog.\\\n  \"\"\"");
+
+    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
+        "\"\"\"Here are two quotation marks: \"\". Simple enough.\"\"\"",
+        "\"\"\"Here are two quotation marks: \"\". Simple enough.\"\"\"");
+
+    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
+        "\"\"\"Here are three quotation marks: \"\"\\\".\"\"\"",
+        "\"\"\"Here are three quotation marks: \"\"\\\".\"\"\"");
+
+    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
+        "\"\"\"Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\".\"\"\"",
+        "\"\"\"Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\".\"\"\"");
+
+    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
+        "\"\"\"\"This,\" she said, \"is just a pointless statement.\"\"\"\"",
+        "\"\"\"\"This,\" she said, \"is just a pointless statement.\"\"\"\"");
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_literal_string)
@@ -83,4 +93,16 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ml_literal_string)
     TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
         "'''\nThe first newline is\ntrimmed in raw strings.\n   All other whitespace\n   is preserved.\n'''",
         "'''\nThe first newline is\ntrimmed in raw strings.\n   All other whitespace\n   is preserved.\n'''");
+
+    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
+        "''''That's still pointless', she said.'''",
+        "''''That's still pointless', she said.'''");
+
+    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
+        "'''Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".'''",
+        "'''Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".'''");
+
+    TOML11_TEST_LEX_ACCEPT(lex_string,
+        "''''This,' she said, 'is just a pointless statement.''''",
+        "''''This,' she said, 'is just a pointless statement.''''");
 }

tests/test_literals.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,170 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_file_as_literal)
 {
     using namespace toml::literals::toml_literals;
 
+    {
+        const toml::value r{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}};
+        const toml::value v = R"(
+            a = 42
+            b = "baz"
+        )"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(r == v);
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value r{
+            {"c", 3.14},
+            {"table", toml::table{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}}}
+        };
+        const toml::value v = R"(
+            c = 3.14
+            [table]
+            a = 42
+            b = "baz"
+        )"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(r == v);
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value r{
+            {"table", toml::table{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}}}
+        };
+        const toml::value v = R"(
+            [table]
+            a = 42
+            b = "baz"
+        )"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(r == v);
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value r{
+            {"array_of_tables", toml::array{toml::table{}}}
+        };
+        const toml::value v = R"(
+            [[array_of_tables]]
+        )"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(r == v);
+    }
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_as_literal)
+{
+    using namespace toml::literals::toml_literals;
+
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = "true"_toml;
+        const toml::value v2 = "false"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_boolean());
+        BOOST_TEST(v2.is_boolean());
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<bool>(v1));
+        BOOST_TEST(!toml::get<bool>(v2));
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = "123_456"_toml;
+        const toml::value v2 = "0b0010"_toml;
+        const toml::value v3 = "0xDEADBEEF"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_integer());
+        BOOST_TEST(v2.is_integer());
+        BOOST_TEST(v3.is_integer());
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<toml::integer>(v1) == 123456);
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<toml::integer>(v2) == 2);
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<toml::integer>(v3) == 0xDEADBEEF);
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = "3.1415"_toml;
+        const toml::value v2 = "6.02e+23"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_floating());
+        BOOST_TEST(v2.is_floating());
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<double>(v1) == 3.1415,  boost::test_tools::tolerance(0.00001));
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<double>(v2) == 6.02e23, boost::test_tools::tolerance(0.0001));
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = R"("foo")"_toml;
+        const toml::value v2 = R"('foo')"_toml;
+        const toml::value v3 = R"("""foo""")"_toml;
+        const toml::value v4 = R"('''foo''')"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_string());
+        BOOST_TEST(v2.is_string());
+        BOOST_TEST(v3.is_string());
+        BOOST_TEST(v4.is_string());
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v1) == "foo");
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v2) == "foo");
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v3) == "foo");
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v4) == "foo");
+    }
+    {
+        {
+            const toml::value v1 = R"([1,2,3])"_toml;
+            BOOST_TEST(v1.is_array());
+            const bool result = (toml::get<std::vector<int>>(v1) == std::vector<int>{1,2,3});
+            BOOST_TEST(result);
+        }
+        {
+            const toml::value v2 = R"([1,])"_toml;
+            BOOST_TEST(v2.is_array());
+            const bool result = (toml::get<std::vector<int>>(v2) == std::vector<int>{1});
+            BOOST_TEST(result);
+        }
+        {
+            const toml::value v3 = R"([[1,]])"_toml;
+            BOOST_TEST(v3.is_array());
+            const bool result = (toml::get<std::vector<int>>(toml::get<toml::array>(v3).front()) == std::vector<int>{1});
+            BOOST_TEST(result);
+        }
+        {
+            const toml::value v4 = R"([[1],])"_toml;
+            BOOST_TEST(v4.is_array());
+            const bool result = (toml::get<std::vector<int>>(toml::get<toml::array>(v4).front()) == std::vector<int>{1});
+            BOOST_TEST(result);
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = R"({a = 42})"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_table());
+        const bool result = toml::get<std::map<std::string,int>>(v1) ==
+                               std::map<std::string,int>{{"a", 42}};
+        BOOST_TEST(result);
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = "1979-05-27"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_local_date());
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<toml::local_date>(v1) ==
+                   toml::local_date(1979, toml::month_t::May, 27));
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = "12:00:00"_toml;
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_local_time());
+        const bool result = toml::get<std::chrono::hours>(v1) == std::chrono::hours(12);
+        BOOST_TEST(result);
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = "1979-05-27T07:32:00"_toml;
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_local_datetime());
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<toml::local_datetime>(v1) ==
+            toml::local_datetime(toml::local_date(1979, toml::month_t::May, 27),
+                                 toml::local_time(7, 32, 0)));
+    }
+    {
+        const toml::value v1 = "1979-05-27T07:32:00Z"_toml;
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.is_offset_datetime());
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<toml::offset_datetime>(v1) ==
+            toml::offset_datetime(toml::local_date(1979, toml::month_t::May, 27),
+                                  toml::local_time(7, 32, 0), toml::time_offset(0, 0)));
+    }
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_file_as_u8_literal)
+{
+    using namespace toml::literals::toml_literals;
+
     {
         const toml::value r{{"a", 42}, {"b", "baz"}};
         const toml::value v = u8R"(
@@ -59,7 +223,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_file_as_literal)
     }
 }
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_as_literal)
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_as_u8_literal)
 {
     using namespace toml::literals::toml_literals;
 
@@ -98,15 +262,18 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_as_literal)
         const toml::value v2 = u8R"('foo')"_toml;
         const toml::value v3 = u8R"("""foo""")"_toml;
         const toml::value v4 = u8R"('''foo''')"_toml;
+        const toml::value v5 = u8R"("ひらがな")"_toml;
 
         BOOST_TEST(v1.is_string());
         BOOST_TEST(v2.is_string());
         BOOST_TEST(v3.is_string());
         BOOST_TEST(v4.is_string());
+        BOOST_TEST(v5.is_string());
         BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v1) == "foo");
         BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v2) == "foo");
         BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v3) == "foo");
         BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v4) == "foo");
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(v5) == "\xE3\x81\xB2\xE3\x82\x89\xE3\x81\x8C\xE3\x81\xAA");
     }
     {
         {
@@ -164,7 +331,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_as_literal)
                                  toml::local_time(7, 32, 0)));
     }
     {
-        const toml::value v1 = "1979-05-27T07:32:00Z"_toml;
+        const toml::value v1 = u8"1979-05-27T07:32:00Z"_toml;
         BOOST_TEST(v1.is_offset_datetime());
         BOOST_TEST(toml::get<toml::offset_datetime>(v1) ==
             toml::offset_datetime(toml::local_date(1979, toml::month_t::May, 27),

tests/test_parse_array.cpp

@@ -172,3 +172,18 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_heterogeneous_array)
     }
 #endif
 }
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_comments_after_comma)
+{
+    {
+        array a;
+        a.push_back("foo");
+        a.push_back("bar");
+        a.push_back("baz");
+        TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+            "[ \"foo\" # comment\n"
+            ", \"bar\" # comment\n"
+            ", \"baz\" # comment\n"
+            "]", toml::value(a));
+    }
+}

tests/test_parse_aux.hpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #define TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(psr, tkn, expct)                               \
 do {                                                                           \
     const std::string token(tkn);                                              \
-    toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);                    \
+    toml::detail::location loc("test", token);                                 \
     const auto result = psr(loc);                                              \
     BOOST_TEST(result.is_ok());                                                \
     if(result.is_ok()){                                                        \
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ do {                                                                           \
 #define TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(psr, tkn, expct)                         \
 do {                                                                           \
     const std::string token(tkn);                                              \
-    toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);                    \
+    toml::detail::location loc("test", token);                                 \
     const auto result = psr(loc);                                              \
     BOOST_TEST(result.is_ok());                                                \
     if(result.is_ok()){                                                        \

tests/test_parse_file.cpp

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_example)
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_example_stream)
 {
-    std::ifstream ifs("toml/tests/example.toml");
+    std::ifstream ifs("toml/tests/example.toml", std::ios::binary);
     const auto data = toml::parse(ifs);
 
     BOOST_TEST(toml::find<std::string>(data, "title") == "TOML Example");
@@ -779,6 +779,22 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_files_end_with_empty_lines)
         BOOST_TEST(toml::find<std::string>(toml::find(data, "table"), "key") == "value");
     }
 
+    // without newline
+    {
+        const std::string table(
+            "key = \"value\"\n"
+            "[table]\n"
+            "key = \"value\"\n"
+            "a = 0"
+            );
+        std::istringstream iss(table);
+        const auto data = toml::parse(iss,
+                "test_files_end_with_newline.toml");
+
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::find<std::string>(data, "key") == "value");
+        BOOST_TEST(toml::find<std::string>(toml::find(data, "table"), "key") == "value");
+    }
+
 
     // CRLF
 
@@ -889,3 +905,41 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_files_end_with_empty_lines)
     }
 }
 
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_parse_function_compiles)
+{
+    // toml::parse("");
+    const auto string_literal = toml::parse("toml/tests/example.toml");
+
+    BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("string_literal");
+
+    const char* fname_cstring = "toml/tests/example.toml";
+    // toml::parse(const char*);
+    const auto cstring = toml::parse(fname_cstring);
+
+    BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("const char*");
+
+    // toml::parse(char*);
+    std::array<char, 24> fname_char_ptr;
+    std::strncpy(fname_char_ptr.data(), fname_cstring, 24);
+    const auto char_ptr = toml::parse(fname_char_ptr.data());
+
+    BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("char*");
+
+    // toml::parse(const std::string&);
+    const std::string fname_string("toml/tests/example.toml");
+    const auto string = toml::parse(fname_string);
+    std::string fname_string_mut("toml/tests/example.toml");
+    // toml::parse(std::string&);
+    const auto string_mutref = toml::parse(fname_string_mut);
+    // toml::parse(std::string&&);
+    const auto string_rref = toml::parse(std::move(fname_string_mut));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("strings");
+
+#ifdef TOML11_HAS_STD_FILESYSTEM
+    const std::filesystem::path fname_path(fname_string.begin(), fname_string.end());
+    const auto filesystem_path = toml::parse(fname_path);
+    BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE("path");
+#endif
+}

tests/test_parse_floating.cpp

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_inf)
 {
     {
         const std::string token("inf");
-        toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);
+        toml::detail::location loc("test", token);
         const auto r = parse_floating(loc);
         BOOST_CHECK(r.is_ok());
         BOOST_CHECK(std::isinf(r.unwrap().first));
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_inf)
     }
     {
         const std::string token("+inf");
-        toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);
+        toml::detail::location loc("test", token);
         const auto r = parse_floating(loc);
         BOOST_CHECK(r.is_ok());
         BOOST_CHECK(std::isinf(r.unwrap().first));
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_inf)
     }
     {
         const std::string token("-inf");
-        toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);
+        toml::detail::location loc("test", token);
         const auto r = parse_floating(loc);
         BOOST_CHECK(r.is_ok());
         BOOST_CHECK(std::isinf(r.unwrap().first));
@@ -156,21 +156,21 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_nan)
 {
     {
         const std::string token("nan");
-        toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);
+        toml::detail::location loc("test", token);
         const auto r = parse_floating(loc);
         BOOST_CHECK(r.is_ok());
         BOOST_CHECK(std::isnan(r.unwrap().first));
     }
     {
         const std::string token("+nan");
-        toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);
+        toml::detail::location loc("test", token);
         const auto r = parse_floating(loc);
         BOOST_CHECK(r.is_ok());
         BOOST_CHECK(std::isnan(r.unwrap().first));
     }
     {
         const std::string token("-nan");
-        toml::detail::location<std::string> loc("test", token);
+        toml::detail::location loc("test", token);
         const auto r = parse_floating(loc);
         BOOST_CHECK(r.is_ok());
         BOOST_CHECK(std::isnan(r.unwrap().first));

tests/test_parse_inline_table.cpp

@@ -46,3 +46,19 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_inline_table_value)
         TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, "{type.name = \"pug\"}", value(t));
     }
 }
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_inline_table_immutability)
+{
+    {
+        std::istringstream stream(std::string(
+                "a = {b = 1}\n"
+                "a.c = 2\n"));
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::parse(stream), toml::syntax_error);
+    }
+    {
+        std::istringstream stream(std::string(
+                "a = {b = {c = 1}}\n"
+                "a.b.d = 2\n"));
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::parse(stream), toml::syntax_error);
+    }
+}

tests/test_parse_string.cpp

@@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_string)
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_string_value)
 {
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\"",
         toml::value("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", string_t::basic));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\'",
         toml::value("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", string_t::literal));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"\"\"The quick brown fox \\\njumps over the lazy dog\"\"\"",
         toml::value("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", string_t::basic));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "'''The quick brown fox \njumps over the lazy dog'''",
         toml::value("The quick brown fox \njumps over the lazy dog", string_t::literal));
 }
@@ -69,14 +69,17 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_basic_string)
     TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
         "\" And when \\\"'s are in the along with # \\\"\"",
         string(" And when \"'s are in the along with # \"", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "\"Here are fifteen apostrophes: '''''''''''''''\"",
+        string("Here are fifteen apostrophes: '''''''''''''''", string_t::basic));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_basic_string_value)
 {
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"GitHub Cofounder & CEO\\nLikes tater tots and beer.\"",
         value("GitHub Cofounder & CEO\nLikes tater tots and beer.", string_t::basic));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"192.168.1.1\"",
         value("192.168.1.1", string_t::basic));
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
@@ -84,16 +87,19 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_basic_string_value)
         "\"\xE4\xB8\xAD\xE5\x9B\xBD\"",
         value("\xE4\xB8\xAD\xE5\x9B\xBD", string_t::basic));
 #else
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"中国\"",
         value("中国", string_t::basic));
 #endif
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"You'll hate me after this - #\"",
         value("You'll hate me after this - #", string_t::basic));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\" And when \\\"'s are in the along with # \\\"\"",
         value(" And when \"'s are in the along with # \"", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "\"Here are fifteen apostrophes: '''''''''''''''\"",
+        value("Here are fifteen apostrophes: '''''''''''''''", string_t::basic));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ml_basic_string)
@@ -104,16 +110,41 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ml_basic_string)
     TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
         "\"\"\"\\\n  The quick brown \\\n\n  fox jumps over \\\n  the lazy dog.\\\n  \"\"\"",
         string("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "\"\"\"Here are two quotation marks: \"\". Simple enough.\"\"\"",
+        string("Here are two quotation marks: \"\". Simple enough.", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "\"\"\"Here are three quotation marks: \"\"\\\".\"\"\"",
+        string("Here are three quotation marks: \"\"\".", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "\"\"\"Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\".\"\"\"",
+        string("Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "\"\"\"\"This,\" she said, \"is just a pointless statement.\"\"\"\"",
+        string("\"This,\" she said, \"is just a pointless statement.\"", string_t::basic));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ml_basic_string_value)
 {
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"\"\"\nThe quick brown \\\n\n  fox jumps over \\\n  the lazy dog.\"\"\"",
         value("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", string_t::basic));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "\"\"\"\\\n  The quick brown \\\n\n  fox jumps over \\\n  the lazy dog.\\\n  \"\"\"",
         value("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", string_t::basic));
+
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "\"\"\"Here are two quotation marks: \"\". Simple enough.\"\"\"",
+        value("Here are two quotation marks: \"\". Simple enough.", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "\"\"\"Here are three quotation marks: \"\"\\\".\"\"\"",
+        value("Here are three quotation marks: \"\"\".", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "\"\"\"Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\"\"\"\\\".\"\"\"",
+        value("Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".", string_t::basic));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "\"\"\"\"This,\" she said, \"is just a pointless statement.\"\"\"\"",
+        value("\"This,\" she said, \"is just a pointless statement.\"", string_t::basic));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_literal_string)
@@ -134,16 +165,16 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_literal_string)
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_literal_string_value)
 {
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "'C:\\Users\\nodejs\\templates'",
         value("C:\\Users\\nodejs\\templates", string_t::literal));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "'\\\\ServerX\\admin$\\system32\\'",
         value("\\\\ServerX\\admin$\\system32\\", string_t::literal));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "'Tom \"Dubs\" Preston-Werner'",
         value("Tom \"Dubs\" Preston-Werner", string_t::literal));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "'<\\i\\c*\\s*>'",
         value("<\\i\\c*\\s*>", string_t::literal));
 }
@@ -156,16 +187,34 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ml_literal_string)
     TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
         "'''\nThe first newline is\ntrimmed in raw strings.\n   All other whitespace\n   is preserved.\n'''",
         string("The first newline is\ntrimmed in raw strings.\n   All other whitespace\n   is preserved.\n", string_t::literal));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "''''That's still pointless', she said.'''",
+        string("'That's still pointless', she said.", string_t::literal));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "'''Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".'''",
+        string("Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".", string_t::literal));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL(parse_string,
+        "''''This,' she said, 'is just a pointless statement.''''",
+        string("'This,' she said, 'is just a pointless statement.'", string_t::literal));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ml_literal_string_value)
 {
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "'''I [dw]on't need \\d{2} apples'''",
         value("I [dw]on't need \\d{2} apples", string_t::literal));
-    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>, 
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
         "'''\nThe first newline is\ntrimmed in raw strings.\n   All other whitespace\n   is preserved.\n'''",
         value("The first newline is\ntrimmed in raw strings.\n   All other whitespace\n   is preserved.\n", string_t::literal));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "''''That's still pointless', she said.'''",
+        value("'That's still pointless', she said.", string_t::literal));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "'''Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".'''",
+        value("Here are fifteen quotation marks: \"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\".", string_t::literal));
+    TOML11_TEST_PARSE_EQUAL_VALUE(parse_value<toml::value>,
+        "''''This,' she said, 'is just a pointless statement.''''",
+        value("'This,' she said, 'is just a pointless statement.'", string_t::literal));
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_unicode_escape_sequence)

tests/test_parse_table.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_normal_table)
         "key2 = 42\n"
         "key3 = 3.14\n"
         );
-    location<std::string> loc("test", table);
+    location loc("test", table);
 
     const auto result = toml::detail::parse_ml_table<toml::value>(loc);
     BOOST_TEST(result.is_ok());
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_nested_table)
         "a.b   = \"value\"\n"
         "a.c.d = 42\n"
         );
-    location<std::string> loc("test", table);
+    location loc("test", table);
 
     const auto result = toml::detail::parse_ml_table<toml::value>(loc);
     BOOST_TEST(result.is_ok());

tests/test_parse_unicode.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <fstream>
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_hard_example_unicode)
 {
     const auto data = toml::parse("toml/tests/hard_example_unicode.toml");
@@ -40,35 +39,3 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_hard_example_unicode)
     BOOST_CHECK(toml::get<std::vector<std::string>>(bit.at("multi_line_array")) ==
                 expected_multi_line_array);
 }
-#else
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_hard_example_unicode)
-{
-    const auto data = toml::parse("toml/tests/hard_example_unicode.toml");
-
-    const auto the = toml::find<toml::table>(data, "the");
-    BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(the.at("test_string")) ==
-                      std::string(u8"Ýôú'ℓℓ λáƭè ₥è áƒƭèř ƭλïƨ - #"));
-
-    const auto hard = toml::get<toml::table>(the.at("hard"));
-    const std::vector<std::string> expected_the_hard_test_array{"] ", " # "};
-    BOOST_CHECK(toml::get<std::vector<std::string>>(hard.at("test_array")) ==
-                expected_the_hard_test_array);
-    const std::vector<std::string> expected_the_hard_test_array2{
-            std::string(u8"Tèƨƭ #11 ]ƥřôƲèδ ƭλáƭ"),
-            std::string(u8"Éжƥèřï₥èñƭ #9 ωáƨ á ƨúççèƨƨ")};
-    BOOST_CHECK(toml::get<std::vector<std::string>>(hard.at("test_array2")) ==
-                expected_the_hard_test_array2);
-    BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(hard.at("another_test_string")) ==
-                      std::string(u8"§á₥è ƭλïñϱ, βúƭ ωïƭλ á ƨƭřïñϱ #"));
-    BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(hard.at("harder_test_string")) ==
-                      std::string(u8" Âñδ ωλèñ \"'ƨ ářè ïñ ƭλè ƨƭřïñϱ, áℓôñϱ ωïƭλ # \""));
-
-    const auto bit = toml::get<toml::table>(hard.at(std::string(u8"βïƭ#")));
-    BOOST_TEST(toml::get<std::string>(bit.at(std::string(u8"ωλáƭ?"))) ==
-                      std::string(u8"Ýôú δôñ'ƭ ƭλïñƙ ƨô₥è úƨèř ωôñ'ƭ δô ƭλáƭ?"));
-    const std::vector<std::string> expected_multi_line_array{"]"};
-    BOOST_CHECK(toml::get<std::vector<std::string>>(bit.at("multi_line_array")) ==
-                expected_multi_line_array);
-
-}
-#endif

tests/test_utility.cpp

@@ -9,27 +9,24 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <array>
 
-BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_resize)
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_try_reserve)
 {
     {
-        typedef std::vector<int>  resizable_type;
+        // since BOOST_TEST is a macro, it cannot handle commas correctly.
-        typedef std::array<int,1> non_resizable_type;
+        // When toml::detail::has_reserve_method<std::array<int, 1>>::value
-        BOOST_TEST(toml::detail::has_resize_method<resizable_type>::value);
+        // is passed to a macro, C preprocessor considers
-        BOOST_TEST(!toml::detail::has_resize_method<non_resizable_type>::value);
+        // toml::detail::has_reserve_method<std::array<int as the first argument
+        // and 1>>::value as the second argument. We need an alias to avoid
+        // this problem.
+        using reservable_type    = std::vector<int>  ;
+        using nonreservable_type = std::array<int, 1>;
+        BOOST_TEST( toml::detail::has_reserve_method<reservable_type   >::value);
+        BOOST_TEST(!toml::detail::has_reserve_method<nonreservable_type>::value);
     }
     {
         std::vector<int> v;
-        toml::resize(v, 10);
+        toml::try_reserve(v, 100);
-        BOOST_TEST(v.size() == 10u);
+        BOOST_TEST(v.capacity() == 100u);
-    }
-    {
-        std::array<int, 15> a;
-        toml::resize(a, 10);
-        BOOST_TEST(a.size() == 15u);
-    }
-    {
-        std::array<int, 15> a;
-        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(toml::resize(a, 20), std::invalid_argument);
     }
 }
 

tests/test_value.cpp

@@ -966,3 +966,54 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_bracket)
         BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1["foo"], toml::type_error);
     }
 }
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_map_methods)
+{
+    {
+        toml::value v1{{"foo", 42}, {"bar", 3.14}, {"baz", "qux"}};
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.count("foo") == 1u);
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.count("bar") == 1u);
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.count("baz") == 1u);
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.count("qux") == 0u);
+
+        BOOST_TEST( v1.contains("foo"));
+        BOOST_TEST( v1.contains("bar"));
+        BOOST_TEST( v1.contains("baz"));
+        BOOST_TEST(!v1.contains("qux"));
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.size() == 3);
+
+        v1["qux"] = 54;
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.count("qux") == 1u);
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.contains("qux"));
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.size() == 4);
+    }
+    {
+        toml::value v1(42);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.size()       , toml::type_error);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.count("k")   , toml::type_error);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.contains("k"), toml::type_error);
+    }
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_value_vector_methods)
+{
+    {
+        toml::value v1{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.size() == 5);
+
+        v1.push_back(6);
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.size() == 6);
+
+        v1.emplace_back(6);
+        BOOST_TEST(v1.size() == 7);
+    }
+    {
+        toml::value v1(42);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.size(),          toml::type_error);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.push_back(1),    toml::type_error);
+        BOOST_CHECK_THROW(v1.emplace_back(1), toml::type_error);
+    }
+}

tests/test_windows.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <toml.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main()
+{
+    using namespace toml::literals::toml_literals;
+    const auto data = R"(windows = "defines min and max as a macro")"_toml;
+
+    std::cout << toml::find<std::string>(data, "windows") << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}

toml.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
 #    error "toml11 requires C++11 or later."
 #endif
 
+#define TOML11_VERSION_MAJOR 3
+#define TOML11_VERSION_MINOR 5
+#define TOML11_VERSION_PATCH 0
+
 #include "toml/parser.hpp"
 #include "toml/literal.hpp"
 #include "toml/serializer.hpp"

toml/color.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef TOML11_COLOR_HPP
 #define TOML11_COLOR_HPP
-#include <ostream>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <ostream>
 
 #ifdef TOML11_COLORIZE_ERROR_MESSAGE
 #define TOML11_ERROR_MESSAGE_COLORIZED true

toml/combinator.hpp

@@ -2,18 +2,20 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_COMBINATOR_HPP
 #define TOML11_COMBINATOR_HPP
-#include "traits.hpp"
-#include "result.hpp"
-#include "utility.hpp"
-#include "region.hpp"
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <limits>
-#include <array>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <cstdio>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cctype>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "region.hpp"
+#include "result.hpp"
+#include "traits.hpp"
+#include "utility.hpp"
 
 // they scans characters and returns region if it matches to the condition.
 // when they fail, it does not change the location.
@@ -56,13 +58,9 @@ struct character
 {
     static constexpr char target = C;
 
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Cont::value_type>::value,
-                      "internal error: container::value_type should be `char`.");
-
         if(loc.iter() == loc.end()) {return none();}
         const auto first = loc.iter();
 
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ struct character
         }
         loc.advance(); // update location
 
-        return ok(region<Cont>(loc, first, loc.iter()));
+        return ok(region(loc, first, loc.iter()));
     }
 };
 template<char C>
@@ -89,13 +87,9 @@ struct in_range
     static constexpr char upper = Up;
     static constexpr char lower = Low;
 
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Cont::value_type>::value,
-                      "internal error: container::value_type should be `char`.");
-
         if(loc.iter() == loc.end()) {return none();}
         const auto first = loc.iter();
 
@@ -106,7 +100,7 @@ struct in_range
         }
 
         loc.advance();
-        return ok(region<Cont>(loc, first, loc.iter()));
+        return ok(region(loc, first, loc.iter()));
     }
 };
 template<char L, char U> constexpr char in_range<L, U>::upper;
@@ -117,13 +111,9 @@ template<char L, char U> constexpr char in_range<L, U>::lower;
 template<typename Combinator>
 struct exclude
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Cont::value_type>::value,
-                      "internal error: container::value_type should be `char`.");
-
         if(loc.iter() == loc.end()) {return none();}
         auto first = loc.iter();
 
@@ -134,7 +124,7 @@ struct exclude
             return none();
         }
         loc.reset(std::next(first)); // XXX maybe loc.advance() is okay but...
-        return ok(region<Cont>(loc, first, loc.iter()));
+        return ok(region(loc, first, loc.iter()));
     }
 };
 
@@ -142,19 +132,15 @@ struct exclude
 template<typename Combinator>
 struct maybe
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Cont::value_type>::value,
-                      "internal error: container::value_type should be `char`.");
-
         const auto rslt = Combinator::invoke(loc);
         if(rslt.is_ok())
         {
             return rslt;
         }
-        return ok(region<Cont>(loc));
+        return ok(region(loc));
     }
 };
 
@@ -164,13 +150,9 @@ struct sequence;
 template<typename Head, typename ... Tail>
 struct sequence<Head, Tail...>
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Cont::value_type>::value,
-                      "internal error: container::value_type should be `char`.");
-
         const auto first = loc.iter();
         const auto rslt = Head::invoke(loc);
         if(rslt.is_err())
@@ -182,9 +164,9 @@ struct sequence<Head, Tail...>
     }
 
     // called from the above function only, recursively.
-    template<typename Cont, typename Iterator>
+    template<typename Iterator>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc, region<Cont> reg, Iterator first)
+    invoke(location& loc, region reg, Iterator first)
     {
         const auto rslt = Head::invoke(loc);
         if(rslt.is_err())
@@ -201,9 +183,9 @@ template<typename Head>
 struct sequence<Head>
 {
     // would be called from sequence<T ...>::invoke only.
-    template<typename Cont, typename Iterator>
+    template<typename Iterator>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc, region<Cont> reg, Iterator first)
+    invoke(location& loc, region reg, Iterator first)
     {
         const auto rslt = Head::invoke(loc);
         if(rslt.is_err())
@@ -222,13 +204,9 @@ struct either;
 template<typename Head, typename ... Tail>
 struct either<Head, Tail...>
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Cont::value_type>::value,
-                      "internal error: container::value_type should be `char`.");
-
         const auto rslt = Head::invoke(loc);
         if(rslt.is_ok()) {return rslt;}
         return either<Tail...>::invoke(loc);
@@ -237,12 +215,9 @@ struct either<Head, Tail...>
 template<typename Head>
 struct either<Head>
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Cont::value_type>::value,
-                      "internal error: container::value_type should be `char`.");
         return Head::invoke(loc);
     }
 };
@@ -257,11 +232,10 @@ struct unlimited{};
 template<typename T, std::size_t N>
 struct repeat<T, exactly<N>>
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        region<Cont> retval(loc);
+        region retval(loc);
         const auto first = loc.iter();
         for(std::size_t i=0; i<N; ++i)
         {
@@ -280,11 +254,10 @@ struct repeat<T, exactly<N>>
 template<typename T, std::size_t N>
 struct repeat<T, at_least<N>>
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        region<Cont> retval(loc);
+        region retval(loc);
 
         const auto first = loc.iter();
         for(std::size_t i=0; i<N; ++i)
@@ -312,11 +285,10 @@ struct repeat<T, at_least<N>>
 template<typename T>
 struct repeat<T, unlimited>
 {
-    template<typename Cont>
+    static result<region, none_t>
-    static result<region<Cont>, none_t>
+    invoke(location& loc)
-    invoke(location<Cont>& loc)
     {
-        region<Cont> retval(loc);
+        region retval(loc);
         while(true)
         {
             auto rslt = T::invoke(loc);

toml/comments.hpp

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_COMMENTS_HPP
 #define TOML11_COMMENTS_HPP
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <initializer_list>
 #include <vector>
-#include <string>
 
 // This file provides mainly two classes, `preserve_comments` and `discard_comments`.
 // Those two are a container that have the same interface as `std::vector<std::string>`
@@ -81,6 +81,54 @@ struct preserve_comments
     void assign(std::initializer_list<std::string> ini)  {comments.assign(ini);}
     void assign(size_type n, const std::string& val)     {comments.assign(n, val);}
 
+    // Related to the issue #97.
+    //
+    // It is known that `std::vector::insert` and `std::vector::erase` in
+    // the standard library implementation included in GCC 4.8.5 takes
+    // `std::vector::iterator` instead of `std::vector::const_iterator`.
+    // Because of the const-correctness, we cannot convert a `const_iterator` to
+    // an `iterator`. It causes compilation error in GCC 4.8.5.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#  if (__GNUC__ * 10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) <= 40805
+#    define TOML11_WORKAROUND_GCC_4_8_X_STANDARD_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef TOML11_WORKAROUND_GCC_4_8_X_STANDARD_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+    iterator insert(iterator p, const std::string& x)
+    {
+        return comments.insert(p, x);
+    }
+    iterator insert(iterator p, std::string&&      x)
+    {
+        return comments.insert(p, std::move(x));
+    }
+    void insert(iterator p, size_type n, const std::string& x)
+    {
+        return comments.insert(p, n, x);
+    }
+    template<typename InputIterator>
+    void insert(iterator p, InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
+    {
+        return comments.insert(p, first, last);
+    }
+    void insert(iterator p, std::initializer_list<std::string> ini)
+    {
+        return comments.insert(p, ini);
+    }
+
+    template<typename ... Ts>
+    iterator emplace(iterator p, Ts&& ... args)
+    {
+        return comments.emplace(p, std::forward<Ts>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    iterator erase(iterator pos) {return comments.erase(pos);}
+    iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last)
+    {
+        return comments.erase(first, last);
+    }
+#else
     iterator insert(const_iterator p, const std::string& x)
     {
         return comments.insert(p, x);
@@ -114,6 +162,7 @@ struct preserve_comments
     {
         return comments.erase(first, last);
     }
+#endif
 
     void swap(preserve_comments& other) {comments.swap(other.comments);}
 

toml/datetime.hpp

@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_DATETIME_HPP
 #define TOML11_DATETIME_HPP
-#include <chrono>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <array>
-#include <ostream>
-#include <iomanip>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <ctime>
 
+#include <array>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <tuple>
+
 namespace toml
 {
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ namespace toml
 namespace detail
 {
 // TODO: find more sophisticated way to handle this
-#if _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 1 || defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) || defined(_BSD_SOURCE) || defined(_SVID_SOURCE) || defined(_POSIX_SOURCE)
+#if (defined(_POSIX_C_SOURCE) && _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 1) || defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) || defined(_BSD_SOURCE) || defined(_SVID_SOURCE) || defined(_POSIX_SOURCE)
 inline std::tm localtime_s(const std::time_t* src)
 {
     std::tm dst;
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ inline std::tm gmtime_s(const std::time_t* src)
     if (!result) { throw std::runtime_error("gmtime_r failed."); }
     return dst;
 }
-#elif _MSC_VER
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
 inline std::tm localtime_s(const std::time_t* src)
 {
     std::tm dst;
@@ -172,9 +173,9 @@ template<typename charT, typename traits>
 std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
 operator<<(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const local_date& date)
 {
-    os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << static_cast<int>(date.year     ) << '-';
+    os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << static_cast<int>(date.year )     << '-';
-    os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(date.month + 1) << '-';
+    os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(date.month) + 1 << '-';
-    os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(date.day      );
+    os << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(date.day  )    ;
     return os;
 }
 

toml/exception.hpp

@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_EXCEPTION_HPP
 #define TOML11_EXCEPTION_HPP
-#include "source_location.hpp"
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "source_location.hpp"
+
 namespace toml
 {
 
 struct exception : public std::exception
 {
   public:
-    exception(const source_location& loc): loc_(loc) {}
+    explicit exception(const source_location& loc): loc_(loc) {}
     virtual ~exception() noexcept override = default;
     virtual const char* what() const noexcept override {return "";}
     virtual source_location const& location() const noexcept {return loc_;}

toml/get.hpp

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_GET_HPP
 #define TOML11_GET_HPP
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include "from.hpp"
 #include "result.hpp"
 #include "value.hpp"
-#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace toml
 {
@@ -188,8 +189,7 @@ get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
         {
             throw type_error(detail::format_underline("toml::value: "
                 "bad_cast to std::chrono::system_clock::time_point", {
-                    {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)),
+                    {v.location(), concat_to_string("the actual type is ", v.type())}
-                     concat_to_string("the actual type is ", v.type())}
                 }), v.location());
         }
     }
@@ -198,24 +198,24 @@ get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
 // ============================================================================
 // forward declaration to use this recursively. ignore this and go ahead.
 
-// array-like type with resize(N) method
+// array-like type with push_back(value) method
 template<typename T, typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
 detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<
-    detail::is_container<T>,      // T is container
+    detail::is_container<T>,         // T is a container
-    detail::has_resize_method<T>, // T::resize(N) works
+    detail::has_push_back_method<T>, // T::push_back(value) works
-    detail::negation<             // but not toml::array
+    detail::negation<                // but not toml::array
         detail::is_exact_toml_type<T, basic_value<C, M, V>>>
     >::value, T>
 get(const basic_value<C, M, V>&);
 
-// array-like type with resize(N) method
+// array-like type without push_back(value) method
 template<typename T, typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
 detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<
-    detail::is_container<T>,                        // T is container
+    detail::is_container<T>,                           // T is a container
-    detail::negation<detail::has_resize_method<T>>, // no T::resize() exists
+    detail::negation<detail::has_push_back_method<T>>, // w/o push_back(...)
-    detail::negation<                               // not toml::array
+    detail::negation<                                  // not toml::array
         detail::is_exact_toml_type<T, basic_value<C, M, V>>>
     >::value, T>
 get(const basic_value<C, M, V>&);
@@ -259,37 +259,69 @@ template<typename T, typename C,
          std::size_t S = sizeof(::toml::from<T>)>
 T get(const basic_value<C, M, V>&);
 
+// T(const toml::value&) and T is not toml::basic_value
+template<typename T, typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<
+    detail::negation<detail::is_basic_value<T>>,
+    std::is_constructible<T, const basic_value<C, M, V>&>
+    >::value, T>
+get(const basic_value<C, M, V>&);
+
 // ============================================================================
 // array-like types; most likely STL container, like std::vector, etc.
 
 template<typename T, typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
 detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<
-    detail::is_container<T>,      // T is container
+    detail::is_container<T>,         // T is a container
-    detail::has_resize_method<T>, // T::resize(N) works
+    detail::has_push_back_method<T>, // container.push_back(elem) works
-    detail::negation<             // but not toml::array
+    detail::negation<                // but not toml::array
         detail::is_exact_toml_type<T, basic_value<C, M, V>>>
     >::value, T>
 get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
 {
     using value_type = typename T::value_type;
-    const auto& ar = v.as_array();
+    const auto& ary = v.as_array();
+
     T container;
-    container.resize(ar.size());
+    try_reserve(container, ary.size());
-    std::transform(ar.cbegin(), ar.cend(), container.begin(),
+
-                   [](const value& x){return ::toml::get<value_type>(x);});
+    for(const auto& elem : ary)
+    {
+        container.push_back(get<value_type>(elem));
+    }
     return container;
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
-// array-like types; but does not have resize(); most likely std::array.
+// std::forward_list does not have push_back, insert, or emplace.
+// It has insert_after, emplace_after, push_front.
+
+template<typename T, typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_std_forward_list<T>::value, T>
+get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
+{
+    using value_type = typename T::value_type;
+    T container;
+    for(const auto& elem : v.as_array())
+    {
+        container.push_front(get<value_type>(elem));
+    }
+    container.reverse();
+    return container;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// array-like types, without push_back(). most likely [std|boost]::array.
 
 template<typename T, typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
 detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<
-    detail::is_container<T>,                        // T is container
+    detail::is_container<T>,                           // T is a container
-    detail::negation<detail::has_resize_method<T>>, // no T::resize() exists
+    detail::negation<detail::has_push_back_method<T>>, // w/o push_back
-    detail::negation<                              // but not toml::array
+    detail::negation<                                  // T is not toml::array
         detail::is_exact_toml_type<T, basic_value<C, M, V>>>
     >::value, T>
 get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
@@ -303,7 +335,7 @@ get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
         throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
             "toml::get: specified container size is ", container.size(),
             " but there are ", ar.size(), " elements in toml array."), {
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "here"}
+                {v.location(), "here"}
             }));
     }
     std::transform(ar.cbegin(), ar.cend(), container.begin(),
@@ -327,9 +359,7 @@ get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
     {
         throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
             "toml::get: specified std::pair but there are ", ar.size(),
-            " elements in toml array."), {
+            " elements in toml array."), {{v.location(), "here"}}));
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "here"}
-            }));
     }
     return std::make_pair(::toml::get<first_type >(ar.at(0)),
                           ::toml::get<second_type>(ar.at(1)));
@@ -359,9 +389,7 @@ get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
         throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
             "toml::get: specified std::tuple with ",
             std::tuple_size<T>::value, " elements, but there are ", ar.size(),
-            " elements in toml array."), {
+            " elements in toml array."), {{v.location(), "here"}}));
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "here"}
-            }));
     }
     return detail::get_tuple_impl<T>(ar,
             detail::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value>{});
@@ -387,7 +415,7 @@ get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
     T map;
     for(const auto& kv : v.as_table())
     {
-        map[key_type(kv.first)] = ::toml::get<mapped_type>(kv.second);
+        map.emplace(key_type(kv.first), get<mapped_type>(kv.second));
     }
     return map;
 }
@@ -417,6 +445,17 @@ T get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
     return ::toml::from<T>::from_toml(v);
 }
 
+template<typename T, typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+detail::enable_if_t<detail::conjunction<
+    detail::negation<detail::is_basic_value<T>>,
+    std::is_constructible<T, const basic_value<C, M, V>&>
+    >::value, T>
+get(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
+{
+    return T(v);
+}
+
 // ============================================================================
 // find
 
@@ -429,10 +468,7 @@ basic_value<C, M, V> const& find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const key& ky)
     const auto& tab = v.as_table();
     if(tab.count(ky) == 0)
     {
-        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+        detail::throw_key_not_found_error(v, ky);
-            "key \"", ky, "\" not found"), {
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "in this table"}
-            }));
     }
     return tab.at(ky);
 }
@@ -443,10 +479,7 @@ basic_value<C, M, V>& find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const key& ky)
     auto& tab = v.as_table();
     if(tab.count(ky) == 0)
     {
-        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+        detail::throw_key_not_found_error(v, ky);
-            "key \"", ky, "\" not found"), {
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "in this table"}
-            }));
     }
     return tab.at(ky);
 }
@@ -457,14 +490,51 @@ basic_value<C, M, V> find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, const key& ky)
     typename basic_value<C, M, V>::table_type tab = std::move(v).as_table();
     if(tab.count(ky) == 0)
     {
-        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+        detail::throw_key_not_found_error(v, ky);
-            "key \"", ky, "\" not found"), {
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "in this table"}
-            }));
     }
     return basic_value<C, M, V>(std::move(tab.at(ky)));
 }
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// find(value, idx)
+template<typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+basic_value<C, M, V> const&
+find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const std::size_t idx)
+{
+    const auto& ary = v.as_array();
+    if(ary.size() <= idx)
+    {
+        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+            "index ", idx, " is out of range"), {{v.location(), "in this array"}}));
+    }
+    return ary.at(idx);
+}
+template<typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+basic_value<C, M, V>& find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const std::size_t idx)
+{
+    auto& ary = v.as_array();
+    if(ary.size() <= idx)
+    {
+        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+            "index ", idx, " is out of range"), {{v.location(), "in this array"}}));
+    }
+    return ary.at(idx);
+}
+template<typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+basic_value<C, M, V> find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, const std::size_t idx)
+{
+    auto& ary = v.as_array();
+    if(ary.size() <= idx)
+    {
+        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+            "index ", idx, " is out of range"), {{v.location(), "in this array"}}));
+    }
+    return basic_value<C, M, V>(std::move(ary.at(idx)));
+}
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // find<T>(value, key);
 
@@ -476,10 +546,7 @@ find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const key& ky)
     const auto& tab = v.as_table();
     if(tab.count(ky) == 0)
     {
-        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+        detail::throw_key_not_found_error(v, ky);
-            "key \"", ky, "\" not found"), {
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "in this table"}
-            }));
     }
     return ::toml::get<T>(tab.at(ky));
 }
@@ -492,10 +559,7 @@ find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const key& ky)
     auto& tab = v.as_table();
     if(tab.count(ky) == 0)
     {
-        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+        detail::throw_key_not_found_error(v, ky);
-            "key \"", ky, "\" not found"), {
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "in this table"}
-            }));
     }
     return ::toml::get<T>(tab.at(ky));
 }
@@ -508,65 +572,151 @@ find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, const key& ky)
     typename basic_value<C, M, V>::table_type tab = std::move(v).as_table();
     if(tab.count(ky) == 0)
     {
-        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+        detail::throw_key_not_found_error(v, ky);
-            "key \"", ky, "\" not found"), {
-                {std::addressof(detail::get_region(v)), "in this table"}
-            }));
     }
     return ::toml::get<T>(std::move(tab.at(ky)));
 }
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// find<T>(value, idx)
+template<typename T, typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+decltype(::toml::get<T>(std::declval<basic_value<C, M, V> const&>()))
+find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const std::size_t idx)
+{
+    const auto& ary = v.as_array();
+    if(ary.size() <= idx)
+    {
+        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+            "index ", idx, " is out of range"), {{v.location(), "in this array"}}));
+    }
+    return ::toml::get<T>(ary.at(idx));
+}
+template<typename T, typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+decltype(::toml::get<T>(std::declval<basic_value<C, M, V>&>()))
+find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const std::size_t idx)
+{
+    auto& ary = v.as_array();
+    if(ary.size() <= idx)
+    {
+        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+            "index ", idx, " is out of range"), {{v.location(), "in this array"}}));
+    }
+    return ::toml::get<T>(ary.at(idx));
+}
+template<typename T, typename C,
+         template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V>
+decltype(::toml::get<T>(std::declval<basic_value<C, M, V>&&>()))
+find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, const std::size_t idx)
+{
+    typename basic_value<C, M, V>::array_type ary = std::move(v).as_array();
+    if(ary.size() <= idx)
+    {
+        throw std::out_of_range(detail::format_underline(concat_to_string(
+            "index ", idx, " is out of range"), {{v.location(), "in this array"}}));
+    }
+    return ::toml::get<T>(std::move(ary.at(idx)));
+}
+
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // toml::find(toml::value, toml::key, Ts&& ... keys)
 
+namespace detail
+{
+// It suppresses warnings by -Wsign-conversion. Let's say we have the following
+// code.
+// ```cpp
+// const auto x = toml::find<std::string>(data, "array", 0);
+// ```
+// Here, the type of literal number `0` is `int`. `int` is a signed integer.
+// `toml::find` takes `std::size_t` as an index. So it causes implicit sign
+// conversion and `-Wsign-conversion` warns about it. Using `0u` instead of `0`
+// suppresses the warning, but it makes user code messy.
+//     To suppress this warning, we need to be aware of type conversion caused
+// by `toml::find(v, key1, key2, ... keys)`. But the thing is that the types of
+// keys can be any combination of {string-like, size_t-like}. Of course we can't
+// write down all the combinations. Thus we need to use some function that
+// recognize the type of argument and cast it into `std::string` or
+// `std::size_t` depending on the context.
+//     `key_cast` does the job. It has 2 overloads. One is invoked when the
+// argument type is an integer and cast the argument into `std::size_t`. The
+// other is invoked when the argument type is not an integer, possibly one of
+// std::string, const char[N] or const char*, and construct std::string from
+// the argument.
+//     `toml::find(v, k1, k2, ... ks)` uses `key_cast` before passing `ks` to
+// `toml::find(v, k)` to suppress -Wsign-conversion.
+
+template<typename T>
+enable_if_t<conjunction<std::is_integral<remove_cvref_t<T>>,
+            negation<std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<T>, bool>>>::value, std::size_t>
+key_cast(T&& v) noexcept
+{
+    return std::size_t(v);
+}
+template<typename T>
+enable_if_t<negation<conjunction<std::is_integral<remove_cvref_t<T>>,
+            negation<std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<T>, bool>>>>::value, std::string>
+key_cast(T&& v) noexcept
+{
+    return std::string(std::forward<T>(v));
+}
+} // detail
+
 template<typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V,
-         typename ... Ts>
+         typename Key1, typename Key2, typename ... Keys>
 const basic_value<C, M, V>&
-find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const ::toml::key& ky, Ts&& ... keys)
+find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, Key1&& k1, Key2&& k2, Keys&& ... keys)
 {
-    return ::toml::find(::toml::find(v, ky), std::forward<Ts>(keys)...);
+    return ::toml::find(::toml::find(v, detail::key_cast(k1)),
+            detail::key_cast(k2), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
 }
 template<typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V,
-         typename ... Ts>
+         typename Key1, typename Key2, typename ... Keys>
 basic_value<C, M, V>&
-find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const ::toml::key& ky, Ts&& ... keys)
+find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, Key1&& k1, Key2&& k2, Keys&& ... keys)
 {
-    return ::toml::find(::toml::find(v, ky), std::forward<Ts>(keys)...);
+    return ::toml::find(::toml::find(v, detail::key_cast(k1)),
+            detail::key_cast(k2), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
 }
 template<typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V,
-         typename ... Ts>
+         typename Key1, typename Key2, typename ... Keys>
 basic_value<C, M, V>
-find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, const ::toml::key& ky, Ts&& ... keys)
+find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, Key1&& k1, Key2&& k2, Keys&& ... keys)
 {
-    return ::toml::find(::toml::find(std::move(v), ky), std::forward<Ts>(keys)...);
+    return ::toml::find(::toml::find(std::move(v), std::forward<Key1>(k1)),
+            detail::key_cast(k2), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V,
-         typename ... Ts>
+         typename Key1, typename Key2, typename ... Keys>
 decltype(::toml::get<T>(std::declval<const basic_value<C, M, V>&>()))
-find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const ::toml::key& ky, Ts&& ... keys)
+find(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, Key1&& k1, Key2&& k2, Keys&& ... keys)
 {
-    return ::toml::find<T>(::toml::find(v, ky), std::forward<Ts>(keys)...);
+    return ::toml::find<T>(::toml::find(v, detail::key_cast(k1)),
+            detail::key_cast(k2), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
 }
 template<typename T, typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V,
-         typename ... Ts>
+         typename Key1, typename Key2, typename ... Keys>
 decltype(::toml::get<T>(std::declval<basic_value<C, M, V>&>()))
-find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, const ::toml::key& ky, Ts&& ... keys)
+find(basic_value<C, M, V>& v, Key1&& k1, Key2&& k2, Keys&& ... keys)
 {
-    return ::toml::find<T>(::toml::find(v, ky), std::forward<Ts>(keys)...);
+    return ::toml::find<T>(::toml::find(v, detail::key_cast(k1)),
+            detail::key_cast(k2), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
 }
 template<typename T, typename C,
          template<typename ...> class M, template<typename ...> class V,
-         typename ... Ts>
+         typename Key1, typename Key2, typename ... Keys>
 decltype(::toml::get<T>(std::declval<basic_value<C, M, V>&&>()))
-find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, const ::toml::key& ky, Ts&& ... keys)
+find(basic_value<C, M, V>&& v, Key1&& k1, Key2&& k2, Keys&& ... keys)
 {
-    return ::toml::find<T>(::toml::find(std::move(v), ky), std::forward<Ts>(keys)...);
+    return ::toml::find<T>(::toml::find(std::move(v), detail::key_cast(k1)),
+            detail::key_cast(k2), std::forward<Keys>(keys)...);
 }
 
 // ============================================================================

toml/lexer.hpp

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_LEXER_HPP
 #define TOML11_LEXER_HPP
-#include "combinator.hpp"
-#include <stdexcept>
 #include <istream>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <fstream>
 
+#include "combinator.hpp"
+
 namespace toml
 {
 namespace detail
@@ -69,15 +70,8 @@ using lex_zero_prefixable_int = sequence<lex_digit, repeat<either<lex_digit,
 
 using lex_fractional_part = sequence<character<'.'>, lex_zero_prefixable_int>;
 
-#ifdef TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES
-// use toml-lang/toml HEAD
 using lex_exponent_part   = sequence<either<character<'e'>, character<'E'>>,
         maybe<lex_sign>, lex_zero_prefixable_int>;
-#else
-// strictly TOML v0.5.0
-using lex_exponent_part = sequence<either<character<'e'>, character<'E'>>,
-        lex_dec_int>;
-#endif
 
 using lex_float = either<lex_special_float,
       sequence<lex_dec_int, either<lex_exponent_part,
@@ -125,17 +119,11 @@ using lex_local_time       = lex_partial_time;
 // ===========================================================================
 
 using lex_quotation_mark  = character<'"'>;
-#ifdef TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES
 using lex_basic_unescaped = exclude<either<in_range<0x00, 0x08>, // 0x09 (tab)
                                            in_range<0x0a, 0x1F>, // is allowed
                                            character<0x22>, character<0x5C>,
                                            character<0x7F>>>;
-#else
-using lex_basic_unescaped = exclude<either<in_range<0x00, 0x1F>,
-                                           character<0x22>, character<0x5C>,
-                                           character<0x7F>>>;
 
-#endif
 using lex_escape          = character<'\\'>;
 using lex_escape_unicode_short = sequence<character<'u'>,
                                           repeat<lex_hex_dig, exactly<4>>>;
@@ -154,19 +142,47 @@ using lex_basic_string = sequence<lex_quotation_mark,
                                   repeat<lex_basic_char, unlimited>,
                                   lex_quotation_mark>;
 
+// After toml post-v0.5.0, it is explicitly clarified how quotes in ml-strings
+// are allowed to be used.
+// After this, the following strings are *explicitly* allowed.
+// - One or two `"`s in a multi-line basic string is allowed wherever it is.
+// - Three consecutive `"`s in a multi-line basic string is considered as a delimiter.
+// - One or two `"`s can appear just before or after the delimiter.
+// ```toml
+// str4 = """Here are two quotation marks: "". Simple enough."""
+// str5 = """Here are three quotation marks: ""\"."""
+// str6 = """Here are fifteen quotation marks: ""\"""\"""\"""\"""\"."""
+// str7 = """"This," she said, "is just a pointless statement.""""
+// ```
+// In the current implementation (v3.3.0), it is difficult to parse `str7` in
+// the above example. It is difficult to recognize `"` at the end of string body
+// collectly. It will be misunderstood as a `"""` delimiter and an additional,
+// invalid `"`. Like this:
+// ```console
+//   what():  [error] toml::parse_table: invalid line format
+//  --> hoge.toml
+//     |
+//  13 | str7 = """"This," she said, "is just a pointless statement.""""
+//     |                                                               ^- expected newline, but got '"'.
+// ```
+// As a quick workaround for this problem, `lex_ml_basic_string_delim` was
+// splitted into two, `lex_ml_basic_string_open` and `lex_ml_basic_string_close`.
+// `lex_ml_basic_string_open` allows only `"""`. `_close` allows 3-5 `"`s.
+// In parse_ml_basic_string() function, the trailing `"`s will be attached to
+// the string body.
+//
 using lex_ml_basic_string_delim = repeat<lex_quotation_mark, exactly<3>>;
-#ifdef TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES
+using lex_ml_basic_string_open  = lex_ml_basic_string_delim;
+using lex_ml_basic_string_close = sequence<
+        repeat<lex_quotation_mark, exactly<3>>,
+        maybe<lex_quotation_mark>, maybe<lex_quotation_mark>
+    >;
+
 using lex_ml_basic_unescaped    = exclude<either<in_range<0x00, 0x08>, // 0x09
                                                  in_range<0x0a, 0x1F>, // is tab
-                                                 character<0x5C>,
+                                                 character<0x5C>, // backslash
-                                                 character<0x7F>,
+                                                 character<0x7F>, // DEL
                                                  lex_ml_basic_string_delim>>;
-#else // TOML v0.5.0
-using lex_ml_basic_unescaped    = exclude<either<in_range<0x00,0x1F>,
-                                                 character<0x5C>,
-                                                 character<0x7F>,
-                                                 lex_ml_basic_string_delim>>;
-#endif
 
 using lex_ml_basic_escaped_newline = sequence<
         lex_escape, maybe<lex_ws>, lex_newline,
@@ -176,9 +192,9 @@ using lex_ml_basic_char = either<lex_ml_basic_unescaped, lex_escaped>;
 using lex_ml_basic_body = repeat<either<lex_ml_basic_char, lex_newline,
                                         lex_ml_basic_escaped_newline>,
                                  unlimited>;
-using lex_ml_basic_string = sequence<lex_ml_basic_string_delim,
+using lex_ml_basic_string = sequence<lex_ml_basic_string_open,
                                      lex_ml_basic_body,
-                                     lex_ml_basic_string_delim>;
+                                     lex_ml_basic_string_close>;
 
 using lex_literal_char = exclude<either<in_range<0x00, 0x08>,
                                         in_range<0x10, 0x19>, character<0x27>>>;
@@ -187,7 +203,13 @@ using lex_literal_string = sequence<lex_apostrophe,
                                     repeat<lex_literal_char, unlimited>,
                                     lex_apostrophe>;
 
+// the same reason as above.
 using lex_ml_literal_string_delim = repeat<lex_apostrophe, exactly<3>>;
+using lex_ml_literal_string_open  = lex_ml_literal_string_delim;
+using lex_ml_literal_string_close = sequence<
+        repeat<lex_apostrophe, exactly<3>>,
+        maybe<lex_apostrophe>, maybe<lex_apostrophe>
+    >;
 
 using lex_ml_literal_char = exclude<either<in_range<0x00, 0x08>,
                                            in_range<0x10, 0x1F>,
@@ -195,9 +217,9 @@ using lex_ml_literal_char = exclude<either<in_range<0x00, 0x08>,
                                            lex_ml_literal_string_delim>>;
 using lex_ml_literal_body = repeat<either<lex_ml_literal_char, lex_newline>,
                                    unlimited>;
-using lex_ml_literal_string = sequence<lex_ml_literal_string_delim,
+using lex_ml_literal_string = sequence<lex_ml_literal_string_open,
                                        lex_ml_literal_body,
-                                       lex_ml_literal_string_delim>;
+                                       lex_ml_literal_string_close>;
 
 using lex_string = either<lex_ml_basic_string,   lex_basic_string,
                           lex_ml_literal_string, lex_literal_string>;

toml/literal.hpp

@@ -11,12 +11,9 @@ inline namespace literals
 inline namespace toml_literals
 {
 
-inline ::toml::value operator"" _toml(const char* str, std::size_t len)
+// implementation
+inline ::toml::value literal_internal_impl(::toml::detail::location loc)
 {
-    ::toml::detail::location<std::vector<char>>
-        loc(/* filename = */ std::string("TOML literal encoded in a C++ code"),
-            /* contents = */ std::vector<char>(str, str + len));
-
     // if there are some comments or empty lines, skip them.
     using skip_line = ::toml::detail::repeat<toml::detail::sequence<
             ::toml::detail::maybe<::toml::detail::lex_ws>,
@@ -76,11 +73,34 @@ inline ::toml::value operator"" _toml(const char* str, std::size_t len)
     }
     else // none of them.
     {
-        throw ::toml::syntax_error(data.unwrap_err(),
+        throw ::toml::syntax_error(data.unwrap_err(), source_location(loc));
-                                   source_location(std::addressof(loc)));
     }
+
 }
 
+inline ::toml::value operator"" _toml(const char* str, std::size_t len)
+{
+    ::toml::detail::location loc(
+            std::string("TOML literal encoded in a C++ code"),
+            std::vector<char>(str, str + len));
+    return literal_internal_impl(std::move(loc));
+}
+
+// value of __cplusplus in C++2a/20 mode is not fixed yet along compilers.
+// So here we use the feature test macro for `char8_t` itself.
+#if defined(__cpp_char8_t) && __cpp_char8_t >= 201811L
+// value of u8"" literal has been changed from char to char8_t and char8_t is
+// NOT compatible to char
+inline ::toml::value operator"" _toml(const char8_t* str, std::size_t len)
+{
+    ::toml::detail::location loc(
+            std::string("TOML literal encoded in a C++ code"),
+            std::vector<char>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str),
+                              reinterpret_cast<const char*>(str) + len));
+    return literal_internal_impl(std::move(loc));
+}
+#endif
+
 } // toml_literals
 } // literals
 } // toml

toml/region.hpp

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ struct region_base
     region_base& operator=(region_base&&     ) = default;
 
     virtual bool is_ok()           const noexcept {return false;}
+    virtual char front()           const noexcept {return '\0';}
 
     virtual std::string str()      const {return std::string("unknown region");}
     virtual std::string name()     const {return std::string("unknown file");}
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ struct region_base
     // number of characters in the line after the region
     virtual std::size_t after()    const noexcept {return 0;}
 
-    virtual std::vector<std::string> comments()const {return {};}
+    virtual std::vector<std::string> comments() const {return {};}
     // ```toml
     // # comment_before
     // key = "value" # comment_inline
@@ -66,22 +67,21 @@ struct region_base
 //
 // it contains pointer to the file content and iterator that points the current
 // location.
-template<typename Container>
 struct location final : public region_base
 {
-    using const_iterator  = typename Container::const_iterator;
+    using const_iterator  = typename std::vector<char>::const_iterator;
     using difference_type = typename const_iterator::difference_type;
-    using source_ptr      = std::shared_ptr<const Container>;
+    using source_ptr      = std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<char>>;
 
-    static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Container::value_type>::value,"");
+    location(std::string name, std::vector<char> cont)
-    static_assert(std::is_same<std::random_access_iterator_tag,
+      : source_(std::make_shared<std::vector<char>>(std::move(cont))),
-        typename std::iterator_traits<const_iterator>::iterator_category>::value,
+        line_number_(1), source_name_(std::move(name)), iter_(source_->cbegin())
-        "container should be randomly accessible");
-
-    location(std::string name, Container cont)
-      : source_(std::make_shared<Container>(std::move(cont))), line_number_(1),
-        source_name_(std::move(name)), iter_(source_->cbegin())
     {}
+    location(std::string name, const std::string& cont)
+      : source_(std::make_shared<std::vector<char>>(cont.begin(), cont.end())),
+        line_number_(1), source_name_(std::move(name)), iter_(source_->cbegin())
+    {}
+
     location(const location&) = default;
     location(location&&)      = default;
     location& operator=(const location&) = default;
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ struct location final : public region_base
     ~location() = default;
 
     bool is_ok() const noexcept override {return static_cast<bool>(source_);}
+    char front() const noexcept override {return *iter_;}
 
     // this const prohibits codes like `++(loc.iter())`.
     const const_iterator iter()  const noexcept {return iter_;}
@@ -193,33 +194,27 @@ struct location final : public region_base
 //
 // it contains pointer to the file content and iterator that points the first
 // and last location.
-template<typename Container>
 struct region final : public region_base
 {
-    using const_iterator = typename Container::const_iterator;
+    using const_iterator = typename std::vector<char>::const_iterator;
-    using source_ptr     = std::shared_ptr<const Container>;
+    using source_ptr     = std::shared_ptr<const std::vector<char>>;
-
-    static_assert(std::is_same<char, typename Container::value_type>::value,"");
-    static_assert(std::is_same<std::random_access_iterator_tag,
-        typename std::iterator_traits<const_iterator>::iterator_category>::value,
-        "container should be randomly accessible");
 
     // delete default constructor. source_ never be null.
     region() = delete;
 
-    region(const location<Container>& loc)
+    explicit region(const location& loc)
       : source_(loc.source()), source_name_(loc.name()),
         first_(loc.iter()), last_(loc.iter())
     {}
-    region(location<Container>&& loc)
+    explicit region(location&& loc)
       : source_(loc.source()), source_name_(loc.name()),
         first_(loc.iter()), last_(loc.iter())
     {}
 
-    region(const location<Container>& loc, const_iterator f, const_iterator l)
+    region(const location& loc, const_iterator f, const_iterator l)
       : source_(loc.source()), source_name_(loc.name()), first_(f), last_(l)
     {}
-    region(location<Container>&& loc, const_iterator f, const_iterator l)
+    region(location&& loc, const_iterator f, const_iterator l)
       : source_(loc.source()), source_name_(loc.name()), first_(f), last_(l)
     {}
 
@@ -240,6 +235,7 @@ struct region final : public region_base
     }
 
     bool is_ok() const noexcept override {return static_cast<bool>(source_);}
+    char front() const noexcept override {return *first_;}
 
     std::string str()  const override {return make_string(first_, last_);}
     std::string line() const override
@@ -416,106 +412,6 @@ struct region final : public region_base
     const_iterator first_, last_;
 };
 
-// to show a better error message.
-inline std::string format_underline(const std::string& message,
-        const std::vector<std::pair<region_base const*, std::string>>& reg_com,
-        const std::vector<std::string>& helps = {},
-        const bool colorize = TOML11_ERROR_MESSAGE_COLORIZED)
-{
-    assert(!reg_com.empty());
-
-    const auto line_num_width = static_cast<int>(std::max_element(
-        reg_com.begin(), reg_com.end(),
-        [](std::pair<region_base const*, std::string> const& lhs,
-           std::pair<region_base const*, std::string> const& rhs)
-        {
-            return lhs.first->line_num().size() < rhs.first->line_num().size();
-        }
-    )->first->line_num().size());
-
-    std::ostringstream retval;
-
-    if(colorize)
-    {
-        retval << color::colorize; // turn on ANSI color
-    }
-
-    // XXX
-    // Here, before `colorize` support, it does not output `[error]` prefix
-    // automatically. So some user may output it manually and this change may
-    // duplicate the prefix. To avoid it, check the first 7 characters and
-    // if it is "[error]", it removes that part from the message shown.
-    if(message.size() > 7 && message.substr(0, 7) == "[error]")
-    {
-        retval << color::bold << color::red << "[error]" << color::reset
-               << color::bold << message.substr(7) << color::reset << '\n';
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        retval << color::bold << color::red << "[error] " << color::reset
-               << color::bold << message << color::reset << '\n';
-    }
-
-    for(auto iter = reg_com.begin(); iter != reg_com.end(); ++iter)
-    {
-        // if the filenames are the same, print "..."
-        if(iter != reg_com.begin() &&
-           std::prev(iter)->first->name() == iter->first->name())
-        {
-            retval << color::bold << color::blue << "\n ...\n" << color::reset;
-        }
-        else // if filename differs, print " --> filename.toml"
-        {
-            if(iter != reg_com.begin()) {retval << '\n';}
-            retval << color::bold << color::blue << " --> " << color::reset
-                   << iter->first->name() << '\n';
-            // add one almost-empty line for readability
-            retval << make_string(static_cast<std::size_t>(line_num_width + 1), ' ')
-                   << color::bold << color::blue << " | "  << color::reset << '\n';
-        }
-        const region_base* const reg = iter->first;
-        const std::string&   comment = iter->second;
-
-        retval << ' ' << std::setw(line_num_width) << color::bold << color::blue
-               << reg->line_num() << " | "  << color::reset << reg->line() << '\n';
-
-        retval << make_string(static_cast<std::size_t>(line_num_width + 1), ' ')
-               << color::bold << color::blue << " | " << color::reset
-               << make_string(reg->before(), ' ');
-
-        if(reg->size() == 1)
-        {
-            // invalid
-            // ^------
-            retval << color::bold << color::red
-                   << '^' << make_string(reg->after(), '-') << color::reset;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // invalid
-            // ~~~~~~~
-            const auto underline_len = std::min(reg->size(), reg->line().size());
-            retval << color::bold << color::red
-                   << make_string(underline_len, '~') << color::reset;
-        }
-        retval << ' ';
-        retval << comment;
-    }
-
-    if(!helps.empty())
-    {
-        retval << '\n';
-        retval << make_string(static_cast<std::size_t>(line_num_width + 1), ' ');
-        retval << color::bold << color::blue << " | " << color::reset;
-        for(const auto help : helps)
-        {
-            retval << color::bold << "\nHint: " << color::reset;
-            retval << help;
-        }
-    }
-    return retval.str();
-}
-
 } // detail
 } // toml
 #endif// TOML11_REGION_H

toml/serializer.hpp

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_SERIALIZER_HPP
 #define TOML11_SERIALIZER_HPP
-#include "value.hpp"
-#include "lexer.hpp"
-#include <limits>
 #include <cstdio>
 
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "lexer.hpp"
+#include "value.hpp"
+
 namespace toml
 {
 
@@ -22,39 +24,62 @@ namespace toml
 // Since toml restricts characters available in a bare key, generally a string
 // should be escaped. But checking whether a string needs to be surrounded by
 // a `"` and escaping some special character is boring.
-inline std::string format_key(const toml::key& key)
+template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Alloc>
+std::basic_string<charT, traits, Alloc>
+format_key(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Alloc>& key)
 {
-    detail::location<toml::key> loc(key, key);
+    // check the key can be a bare (unquoted) key
+    detail::location loc(key, std::vector<char>(key.begin(), key.end()));
     detail::lex_unquoted_key::invoke(loc);
     if(loc.iter() == loc.end())
     {
         return key; // all the tokens are consumed. the key is unquoted-key.
     }
-    std::string token("\"");
+
+    //if it includes special characters, then format it in a "quoted" key.
+    std::basic_string<charT, traits, Alloc> serialized("\"");
     for(const char c : key)
     {
         switch(c)
         {
-            case '\\': {token += "\\\\"; break;}
+            case '\\': {serialized += "\\\\"; break;}
-            case '\"': {token += "\\\""; break;}
+            case '\"': {serialized += "\\\""; break;}
-            case '\b': {token += "\\b";  break;}
+            case '\b': {serialized += "\\b";  break;}
-            case '\t': {token += "\\t";  break;}
+            case '\t': {serialized += "\\t";  break;}
-            case '\f': {token += "\\f";  break;}
+            case '\f': {serialized += "\\f";  break;}
-            case '\n': {token += "\\n";  break;}
+            case '\n': {serialized += "\\n";  break;}
-            case '\r': {token += "\\r";  break;}
+            case '\r': {serialized += "\\r";  break;}
-            default  : {token += c;      break;}
+            default  : {serialized += c;      break;}
         }
     }
-    token += "\"";
+    serialized += "\"";
-    return token;
+    return serialized;
 }
 
-template<typename Comment,
+template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Alloc>
-         template<typename ...> class Table,
+std::basic_string<charT, traits, Alloc>
-         template<typename ...> class Array>
+format_keys(const std::vector<std::basic_string<charT, traits, Alloc>>& keys)
+{
+    std::basic_string<charT, traits, Alloc> serialized;
+    if(keys.empty()) {return serialized;}
+
+    for(const auto& ky : keys)
+    {
+        serialized += format_key(ky);
+        serialized += charT('.');
+    }
+    serialized.pop_back(); // remove the last dot '.'
+    return serialized;
+}
+
+template<typename Value>
 struct serializer
 {
-    using value_type           = basic_value<Comment, Table, Array>;
+    static_assert(detail::is_basic_value<Value>::value,
+                  "toml::serializer is for toml::value and its variants, "
+                  "toml::basic_value<...>.");
+
+    using value_type           = Value;
     using key_type             = typename value_type::key_type            ;
     using comment_type         = typename value_type::comment_type        ;
     using boolean_type         = typename value_type::boolean_type        ;
@@ -112,35 +137,6 @@ struct serializer
         {
             // the resulting value does not have any float specific part!
             token += ".0";
-            return token;
-        }
-        if(!has_exponent)
-        {
-            return token; // there is no exponent part. just return it.
-        }
-#ifdef TOML11_USE_UNRELEASED_TOML_FEATURES
-        // Although currently it is not released yet, TOML will allow
-        // zero-prefix in an exponent part such as 1.234e+01.
-        // The following code removes the zero prefixes.
-        // If the feature is activated, the following codes can be skipped.
-        return token;
-#endif
-        // zero-prefix in an exponent is NOT allowed in TOML v0.5.0.
-        // remove it if it exists.
-        bool        sign_exists = false;
-        std::size_t zero_prefix = 0;
-        for(auto iter = std::next(e), iend = token.cend(); iter != iend; ++iter)
-        {
-            if(*iter == '+' || *iter == '-'){sign_exists = true; continue;}
-            if(*iter == '0'){zero_prefix += 1;}
-            else {break;}
-        }
-        if(zero_prefix != 0)
-        {
-            const auto offset = std::distance(token.cbegin(), e) +
-                               (sign_exists ? 2 : 1);
-            token.erase(static_cast<typename std::string::size_type>(offset),
-                        zero_prefix);
         }
         return token;
     }
@@ -148,12 +144,23 @@ struct serializer
     {
         if(s.kind == string_t::basic)
         {
-            if(std::find(s.str.cbegin(), s.str.cend(), '\n') != s.str.cend())
+            if(std::find(s.str.cbegin(), s.str.cend(), '\n') != s.str.cend() ||
+               std::find(s.str.cbegin(), s.str.cend(), '\"') != s.str.cend())
             {
-                // if linefeed is contained, make it multiline-string.
+                // if linefeed or double-quote is contained,
-                const std::string open("\"\"\"\n");
+                // make it multiline basic string.
-                const std::string close("\\\n\"\"\"");
+                const auto escaped = this->escape_ml_basic_string(s.str);
-                return open + this->escape_ml_basic_string(s.str) + close;
+                std::string open("\"\"\"");
+                std::string close("\"\"\"");
+                if(escaped.find('\n') != std::string::npos ||
+                   this->width_ < escaped.size() + 6)
+                {
+                    // if the string body contains newline or is enough long,
+                    // add newlines after and before delimiters.
+                    open += "\n";
+                    close = std::string("\\\n") + close;
+                }
+                return open + escaped + close;
             }
 
             // no linefeed. try to make it oneline-string.
@@ -194,7 +201,11 @@ struct serializer
             if(std::find(s.str.cbegin(), s.str.cend(), '\n') != s.str.cend() ||
                std::find(s.str.cbegin(), s.str.cend(), '\'') != s.str.cend() )
             {
-                const std::string open("'''\n");
+                std::string open("'''");
+                if(this->width_ + 6 < s.str.size())
+                {
+                    open += '\n'; // the first newline is ignored by TOML spec
+                }
                 const std::string close("'''");
                 return open + s.str + close;
             }
@@ -249,7 +260,7 @@ struct serializer
                 std::string token;
                 if(!keys_.empty())
                 {
-                    token += this->serialize_key(keys_.back());
+                    token += format_key(keys_.back());
                     token += " = ";
                 }
                 bool failed = false;
@@ -305,7 +316,7 @@ struct serializer
                     }
                 }
                 token += "[[";
-                token += this->serialize_dotted_key(keys_);
+                token += format_keys(keys_);
                 token += "]]\n";
                 token += this->make_multiline_table(item.as_table());
             }
@@ -417,7 +428,7 @@ struct serializer
             std::string token;
             if(!this->keys_.empty())
             {
-                token += this->serialize_key(this->keys_.back());
+                token += format_key(this->keys_.back());
                 token += " = ";
             }
             token += this->make_inline_table(v);
@@ -432,7 +443,7 @@ struct serializer
         if(!keys_.empty())
         {
             token += '[';
-            token += this->serialize_dotted_key(keys_);
+            token += format_keys(keys_);
             token += "]\n";
         }
         token += this->make_multiline_table(v);
@@ -441,25 +452,6 @@ struct serializer
 
   private:
 
-    std::string serialize_key(const toml::key& key) const
-    {
-        return ::toml::format_key(key);
-    }
-
-    std::string serialize_dotted_key(const std::vector<toml::key>& keys) const
-    {
-        std::string token;
-        if(keys.empty()){return token;}
-
-        for(const auto& k : keys)
-        {
-            token += this->serialize_key(k);
-            token += '.';
-        }
-        token.erase(token.size() - 1, 1); // remove trailing `.`
-        return token;
-    }
-
     std::string escape_basic_string(const std::string& s) const
     {
         //XXX assuming `s` is a valid utf-8 sequence.
@@ -489,7 +481,9 @@ struct serializer
             switch(*i)
             {
                 case '\\': {retval += "\\\\"; break;}
-                case '\"': {retval += "\\\""; break;}
+                // One or two consecutive "s are allowed.
+                // Later we will check there are no three consecutive "s.
+                //   case '\"': {retval += "\\\""; break;}
                 case '\b': {retval += "\\b";  break;}
                 case '\t': {retval += "\\t";  break;}
                 case '\f': {retval += "\\f";  break;}
@@ -510,6 +504,23 @@ struct serializer
                 default: {retval += *i; break;}
             }
         }
+        // Only 1 or 2 consecutive `"`s are allowed in multiline basic string.
+        // 3 consecutive `"`s are considered as a closing delimiter.
+        // We need to check if there are 3 or more consecutive `"`s and insert
+        // backslash to break them down into several short `"`s like the `str6`
+        // in the following example.
+        // ```toml
+        // str4 = """Here are two quotation marks: "". Simple enough."""
+        // # str5 = """Here are three quotation marks: """."""  # INVALID
+        // str5 = """Here are three quotation marks: ""\"."""
+        // str6 = """Here are fifteen quotation marks: ""\"""\"""\"""\"""\"."""
+        // ```
+        auto found_3_quotes = retval.find("\"\"\"");
+        while(found_3_quotes != std::string::npos)
+        {
+            retval.replace(found_3_quotes, 3, "\"\"\\\"");
+            found_3_quotes = retval.find("\"\"\"");
+        }
         return retval;
     }
 
@@ -546,7 +557,7 @@ struct serializer
         for(const auto& item : v)
         {
             if(is_first) {is_first = false;} else {token += ',';}
-            token += visit(serializer(std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max(),
+            token += visit(serializer((std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)(),
                                       this->float_prec_, true), item);
         }
         token += ']';
@@ -564,9 +575,9 @@ struct serializer
         {
             // in inline tables, trailing comma is not allowed (toml-lang #569).
             if(is_first) {is_first = false;} else {token += ',';}
-            token += this->serialize_key(kv.first);
+            token += format_key(kv.first);
             token += '=';
-            token += visit(serializer(std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max(),
+            token += visit(serializer((std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max)(),
                                       this->float_prec_, true), kv.second);
         }
         token += '}';
@@ -579,7 +590,7 @@ struct serializer
 
         // print non-table stuff first. because after printing [foo.bar], the
         // remaining non-table values will be assigned into [foo.bar], not [foo]
-        for(const auto kv : v)
+        for(const auto& kv : v)
         {
             if(kv.second.is_table() || is_array_of_tables(kv.second))
             {
@@ -595,7 +606,7 @@ struct serializer
                     token += '\n';
                 }
             }
-            const auto key_and_sep    = this->serialize_key(kv.first) + " = ";
+            const auto key_and_sep    = format_key(kv.first) + " = ";
             const auto residual_width = (this->width_ > key_and_sep.size()) ?
                                         this->width_ - key_and_sep.size() : 0;
             token += key_and_sep;
@@ -677,6 +688,7 @@ format(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, std::size_t w = 80u,
        int fprec = std::numeric_limits<toml::floating>::max_digits10,
        bool no_comment = false, bool force_inline = false)
 {
+    using value_type = basic_value<C, M, V>;
     // if value is a table, it is considered to be a root object.
     // the root object can't be an inline table.
     if(v.is_table())
@@ -687,10 +699,11 @@ format(const basic_value<C, M, V>& v, std::size_t w = 80u,
             oss << v.comments();
             oss << '\n'; // to split the file comment from the first element
         }
-        oss << visit(serializer<C, M, V>(w, fprec, no_comment, false), v);
+        const auto serialized = visit(serializer<value_type>(w, fprec, no_comment, false), v);
+        oss << serialized;
         return oss.str();
     }
-    return visit(serializer<C, M, V>(w, fprec, force_inline), v);
+    return visit(serializer<value_type>(w, fprec, force_inline), v);
 }
 
 namespace detail
@@ -726,6 +739,8 @@ template<typename charT, typename traits, typename C,
 std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
 operator<<(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
 {
+    using value_type = basic_value<C, M, V>;
+
     // get status of std::setw().
     const auto w     = static_cast<std::size_t>(os.width());
     const int  fprec = static_cast<int>(os.precision());
@@ -741,7 +756,8 @@ operator<<(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const basic_value<C, M, V>& v)
         os << '\n'; // to split the file comment from the first element
     }
     // the root object can't be an inline table. so pass `false`.
-    os << visit(serializer<C, M, V>(w, fprec, false, no_comment), v);
+    const auto serialized = visit(serializer<value_type>(w, fprec, no_comment, false), v);
+    os << serialized;
 
     // if v is a non-table value, and has only one comment, then
     // put a comment just after a value. in the following way.

toml/source_location.hpp

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_SOURCE_LOCATION_HPP
 #define TOML11_SOURCE_LOCATION_HPP
-#include "region.hpp"
 #include <cstdint>
 
+#include "region.hpp"
+
 namespace toml
 {
 
@@ -38,12 +39,12 @@ struct source_location
   public:
 
     source_location()
-        : line_num_(0), column_num_(0), region_size_(0),
+        : line_num_(1), column_num_(1), region_size_(1),
           file_name_("unknown file"), line_str_("")
     {}
 
     explicit source_location(const detail::region_base* reg)
-        : line_num_(0), column_num_(0), region_size_(0),
+        : line_num_(1), column_num_(1), region_size_(1),
           file_name_("unknown file"), line_str_("")
     {
         if(reg)
@@ -60,6 +61,21 @@ struct source_location
         }
     }
 
+    explicit source_location(const detail::region& reg)
+        : line_num_(static_cast<std::uint_least32_t>(std::stoul(reg.line_num()))),
+          column_num_(static_cast<std::uint_least32_t>(reg.before() + 1)),
+          region_size_(static_cast<std::uint_least32_t>(reg.size())),
+          file_name_(reg.name()),
+          line_str_ (reg.line())
+    {}
+    explicit source_location(const detail::location& loc)
+        : line_num_(static_cast<std::uint_least32_t>(std::stoul(loc.line_num()))),
+          column_num_(static_cast<std::uint_least32_t>(loc.before() + 1)),
+          region_size_(static_cast<std::uint_least32_t>(loc.size())),
+          file_name_(loc.name()),
+          line_str_ (loc.line())
+    {}
+
     ~source_location() = default;
     source_location(source_location const&) = default;
     source_location(source_location &&)     = default;
@@ -82,5 +98,135 @@ struct source_location
     std::string         line_str_;
 };
 
+namespace detail
+{
+
+// internal error message generation.
+inline std::string format_underline(const std::string& message,
+        const std::vector<std::pair<source_location, std::string>>& loc_com,
+        const std::vector<std::string>& helps = {},
+        const bool colorize = TOML11_ERROR_MESSAGE_COLORIZED)
+{
+    std::size_t line_num_width = 0;
+    for(const auto& lc : loc_com)
+    {
+        std::uint_least32_t line = lc.first.line();
+        std::size_t        digit = 0;
+        while(line != 0)
+        {
+            line  /= 10;
+            digit +=  1;
+        }
+        line_num_width = (std::max)(line_num_width, digit);
+    }
+    // 1 is the minimum width
+    line_num_width = std::max<std::size_t>(line_num_width, 1);
+
+    std::ostringstream retval;
+
+    if(colorize)
+    {
+        retval << color::colorize; // turn on ANSI color
+    }
+
+    // XXX
+    // Here, before `colorize` support, it does not output `[error]` prefix
+    // automatically. So some user may output it manually and this change may
+    // duplicate the prefix. To avoid it, check the first 7 characters and
+    // if it is "[error]", it removes that part from the message shown.
+    if(message.size() > 7 && message.substr(0, 7) == "[error]")
+    {
+        retval << color::bold << color::red << "[error]" << color::reset
+               << color::bold << message.substr(7) << color::reset << '\n';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        retval << color::bold << color::red << "[error] " << color::reset
+               << color::bold << message << color::reset << '\n';
+    }
+
+    const auto format_one_location = [line_num_width]
+        (std::ostringstream& oss,
+         const source_location& loc, const std::string& comment) -> void
+        {
+            oss << ' ' << color::bold << color::blue
+                << std::setw(static_cast<int>(line_num_width))
+                << std::right << loc.line() << " | "  << color::reset
+                << loc.line_str() << '\n';
+
+            oss << make_string(line_num_width + 1, ' ')
+                << color::bold << color::blue << " | " << color::reset
+                << make_string(loc.column()-1 /*1-origin*/, ' ');
+
+            if(loc.region() == 1)
+            {
+                // invalid
+                // ^------
+                oss << color::bold << color::red << "^---" << color::reset;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // invalid
+                // ~~~~~~~
+                const auto underline_len = (std::min)(
+                    static_cast<std::size_t>(loc.region()), loc.line_str().size());
+                oss << color::bold << color::red
+                    << make_string(underline_len, '~') << color::reset;
+            }
+            oss << ' ';
+            oss << comment;
+            return;
+        };
+
+    assert(!loc_com.empty());
+
+    // --> example.toml
+    //   |
+    retval << color::bold << color::blue << " --> " << color::reset
+           << loc_com.front().first.file_name() << '\n';
+    retval << make_string(line_num_width + 1, ' ')
+           << color::bold << color::blue << " |\n"  << color::reset;
+    // 1 | key value
+    //   |    ^--- missing =
+    format_one_location(retval, loc_com.front().first, loc_com.front().second);
+
+    // process the rest of the locations
+    for(std::size_t i=1; i<loc_com.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        const auto& prev = loc_com.at(i-1);
+        const auto& curr = loc_com.at(i);
+
+        retval << '\n';
+        // if the filenames are the same, print "..."
+        if(prev.first.file_name() == curr.first.file_name())
+        {
+            retval << color::bold << color::blue << " ...\n" << color::reset;
+        }
+        else // if filename differs, print " --> filename.toml" again
+        {
+            retval << color::bold << color::blue << " --> " << color::reset
+                   << curr.first.file_name() << '\n';
+            retval << make_string(line_num_width + 1, ' ')
+                   << color::bold << color::blue << " |\n"  << color::reset;
+        }
+
+        format_one_location(retval, curr.first, curr.second);
+    }
+
+    if(!helps.empty())
+    {
+        retval << '\n';
+        retval << make_string(line_num_width + 1, ' ');
+        retval << color::bold << color::blue << " |" << color::reset;
+        for(const auto& help : helps)
+        {
+            retval << color::bold << "\nHint: " << color::reset;
+            retval << help;
+        }
+    }
+    return retval.str();
+}
+
+} // detail
 } // toml
 #endif// TOML11_SOURCE_LOCATION_HPP

toml/storage.hpp

@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@ struct storage
 {
     using value_type = T;
 
-    storage(value_type const& v): ptr(toml::make_unique<T>(v)) {}
+    explicit storage(value_type const& v): ptr(toml::make_unique<T>(v)) {}
-    storage(value_type&&      v): ptr(toml::make_unique<T>(std::move(v))) {}
+    explicit storage(value_type&&      v): ptr(toml::make_unique<T>(std::move(v))) {}
     ~storage() = default;
-
     storage(const storage& rhs): ptr(toml::make_unique<T>(*rhs.ptr)) {}
     storage& operator=(const storage& rhs)
     {

toml/string.hpp

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_STRING_HPP
 #define TOML11_STRING_HPP
+#include <cstdint>
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
-#include <cstdint>
+
 #if __cplusplus >= 201703L
 #if __has_include(<string_view>)
 #include <string_view>

toml/traits.hpp

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_TRAITS_HPP
 #define TOML11_TRAITS_HPP
+#include <chrono>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
-#include <chrono>
+
-#include <tuple>
-#include <string>
 #if __cplusplus >= 201703L
 #if __has_include(<string_view>)
 #include <string_view>
@@ -43,17 +45,23 @@ struct has_mapped_type_impl
     template<typename T> static std::true_type  check(typename T::mapped_type*);
     template<typename T> static std::false_type check(...);
 };
-struct has_resize_method_impl
+struct has_reserve_method_impl
 {
-    constexpr static std::size_t dummy=0;
-    template<typename T> static std::true_type  check(decltype(std::declval<T>().resize(dummy))*);
     template<typename T> static std::false_type check(...);
+    template<typename T> static std::true_type  check(
+        decltype(std::declval<T>().reserve(std::declval<std::size_t>()))*);
+};
+struct has_push_back_method_impl
+{
+    template<typename T> static std::false_type check(...);
+    template<typename T> static std::true_type  check(
+        decltype(std::declval<T>().push_back(std::declval<typename T::value_type>()))*);
 };
-
 struct is_comparable_impl
 {
-    template<typename T> static std::true_type  check(decltype(std::declval<T>() < std::declval<T>())*);
     template<typename T> static std::false_type check(...);
+    template<typename T> static std::true_type  check(
+        decltype(std::declval<T>() < std::declval<T>())*);
 };
 
 struct has_from_toml_method_impl
@@ -91,7 +99,9 @@ struct has_key_type    : decltype(has_key_type_impl::check<T>(nullptr)){};
 template<typename T>
 struct has_mapped_type : decltype(has_mapped_type_impl::check<T>(nullptr)){};
 template<typename T>
-struct has_resize_method : decltype(has_resize_method_impl::check<T>(nullptr)){};
+struct has_reserve_method : decltype(has_reserve_method_impl::check<T>(nullptr)){};
+template<typename T>
+struct has_push_back_method : decltype(has_push_back_method_impl::check<T>(nullptr)){};
 template<typename T>
 struct is_comparable : decltype(is_comparable_impl::check<T>(nullptr)){};
 
@@ -111,6 +121,14 @@ struct has_into_toml_method
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // C++17 and/or/not
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+
+using std::conjunction;
+using std::disjunction;
+using std::negation;
+
+#else
+
 template<typename ...> struct conjunction : std::true_type{};
 template<typename T>   struct conjunction<T> : T{};
 template<typename T, typename ... Ts>
@@ -128,6 +146,8 @@ struct disjunction<T, Ts...> :
 template<typename T>
 struct negation : std::integral_constant<bool, !static_cast<bool>(T::value)>{};
 
+#endif
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // type checkers
 
@@ -139,6 +159,10 @@ template<typename T> struct is_std_tuple : std::false_type{};
 template<typename ... Ts>
 struct is_std_tuple<std::tuple<Ts...>> : std::true_type{};
 
+template<typename T> struct is_std_forward_list : std::false_type{};
+template<typename T>
+struct is_std_forward_list<std::forward_list<T>> : std::true_type{};
+
 template<typename T> struct is_chrono_duration: std::false_type{};
 template<typename Rep, typename Period>
 struct is_chrono_duration<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>>: std::true_type{};
@@ -182,6 +206,13 @@ struct is_basic_value<::toml::basic_value<C, M, V>>: std::true_type{};
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // C++14 index_sequence
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+
+using std::index_sequence;
+using std::make_index_sequence;
+
+#else
+
 template<std::size_t ... Ns> struct index_sequence{};
 
 template<typename IS, std::size_t N> struct push_back_index_sequence{};
@@ -205,11 +236,22 @@ struct index_sequence_maker<0>
 template<std::size_t N>
 using make_index_sequence = typename index_sequence_maker<N-1>::type;
 
+#endif // __cplusplus >= 2014
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // C++14 enable_if_t
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+
+using std::enable_if_t;
+
+#else
+
 template<bool B, typename T>
 using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
 
+#endif // __cplusplus >= 2014
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // return_type_of_t
 

toml/types.hpp

@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_TYPES_HPP
 #define TOML11_TYPES_HPP
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "comments.hpp"
 #include "datetime.hpp"
 #include "string.hpp"
 #include "traits.hpp"
-#include "comments.hpp"
-#include <vector>
-#include <unordered_map>
 
 namespace toml
 {

toml/utility.hpp

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 // Distributed under the MIT License.
 #ifndef TOML11_UTILITY_HPP
 #define TOML11_UTILITY_HPP
-#include "traits.hpp"
-#include <utility>
 #include <memory>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "traits.hpp"
 
 #if __cplusplus >= 201402L
 #  define TOML11_MARK_AS_DEPRECATED(msg) [[deprecated(msg)]]
@@ -20,38 +21,41 @@
 namespace toml
 {
 
+#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+
+using std::make_unique;
+
+#else
+
 template<typename T, typename ... Ts>
 inline std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Ts&& ... args)
 {
     return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Ts>(args)...));
 }
 
+#endif // __cplusplus >= 2014
+
 namespace detail
 {
-
+template<typename Container>
-template<typename T>
+void try_reserve_impl(Container& container, std::size_t N, std::true_type)
-inline void resize_impl(T& container, std::size_t N, std::true_type)
 {
-    container.resize(N);
+    container.reserve(N);
-    return ;
+    return;
 }
-
+template<typename Container>
-template<typename T>
+void try_reserve_impl(Container&, std::size_t, std::false_type) noexcept
-inline void resize_impl(T& container, std::size_t N, std::false_type)
 {
-    if(container.size() >= N) {return;}
+    return;
-
-    throw std::invalid_argument("not resizable type");
 }
-
 } // detail
 
-template<typename T>
+template<typename Container>
-inline void resize(T& container, std::size_t N)
+void try_reserve(Container& container, std::size_t N)
 {
-    if(container.size() == N) {return;}
+    if(N <= container.size()) {return;}
-
+    detail::try_reserve_impl(container, N, detail::has_reserve_method<Container>{});
-    return detail::resize_impl(container, N, detail::has_resize_method<T>());
+    return;
 }
 
 namespace detail
@@ -76,10 +80,10 @@ std::string concat_to_string(Ts&& ... args)
     return detail::concat_to_string_impl(oss, std::forward<Ts>(args) ...);
 }
 
-template<typename T, typename U>
+template<typename T>
-T from_string(const std::string& str, U&& opt)
+T from_string(const std::string& str, T opt)
 {
-    T v(static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(opt)));
+    T v(opt);
     std::istringstream iss(str);
     iss >> v;
     return v;